Coding

Decoding

LOGICAL REASONING

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Coding Decoding
Coding is a process which is used to encrypt a word in a particular pattern following
some set of rules.

Decoding is a process to decrypt the given code into its original form.

Positional Value of Alphabets:

Memory Tip
“EJOTY” will help you to find nearby letters quickly. This follows the pattern of multiple of
5
E J O T Y
5 10 15 20 25

“CFILORUX’ will help you to find nearby letters quickly. This follows the pattern of
Multiple of 3.
C F I L O R U X
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

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Letter to Letter Coding

In this section, the alphabets of a word are coded with the help of different operations
e.g. addition, subtraction, interchanging etc. And need to find the code of another word
using the same operation.

Q. If in a certain code language "ENGLISH" is written as "FOHNHRG", then how

will "SCIENCE" be coded in that language?

A. Here, ENGLISH is written as following:

And same operation will be followed for SCIENCE,

Thus, TDJGMBD is the correct answer.

Q. In a certain code language, if "FRIEND" is written as "UIRVMW", then how is

"TRADER" written in that code language?

A. The pattern used here is opposite to that letter

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N

So, the TRADER is coded as GIZWVI.

Hence, GIZWVI is the correct answer.

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Testbook Trick
Follow the given steps to find the logic quickly.

Step 1: Check if the opposite letters are given in the code.

Step 2: Check if the position of letters is interchanged.

Step 3: Check if operation like addition or subtraction is applied.

Letter to Number Coding

In this section, either numerical code values are assigned to a word or alphabeti-
cal code letters are assigned to the numbers.

Q. In a certain code language, "GIVE" is written as "810236" and "BOND" is

written as "316155". How is "CREW" written in that code language?
A. The pattern follows here is,

Hence ‘419624’ is correct answer.

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Q. If Y = 50, SEA = 50, then ‘YACHT’ will be equal to?

A. The pattern followed is,

The place value of Y is 25 → 25 × 2 = 50

And,

For, SEA

The place value of S, E and A are 19, 5 and 1 respectively.

SEA → (19 + 5 + 1) × 2 = 50

Similarly,

For, YACHT

The place value of of Y, A, C, H ,T are 25,1, 3, 8 and 20 respectively.

YACHT → (25 + 1 + 3 + 8 + 20) × 2 = 114

Number to Letter Coding

In this section, numbers are coded as alphabets.

Example: In a certain code language, if ‘4 8 12’ is coded as ‘H P X’ and ‘3 9 10’ is coded

as ‘F R T’ then what will be the code for ‘9 6 11’?

A: In this question, each number is multiplied by 2 and then the alphabet having that
positional value is the answer.

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For example:

For 4 8 12:

4X2=8

So, the alphabet having positional value 8 is H.

8 X 2 = 16

So, the alphabet having positional value 16 is P.

12 X 2 = 24

So, the alphabet having positional value 24 is X.

Similarly, for 3 9 10:

3X2=6

So, the alphabet having positional value 6 is F.

9 X 2 = 18

So, the alphabet having positional value 18 is R.

10 X 2 = 20

So, the alphabet having positional value 20 is T.

Therefore, for 9 6 11:

9 X 2 = 18

So, the alphabet having positional value 18 is R.

6 X 2 = 12

So, the alphabet having positional value 12 is L.

11 X 2 = 22

So, the alphabet having positional value 22 is V.

Hence, R L V is the correct answer.

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Testbook Trick
Follow the given steps to find the logic quickly.
Step 1: Check if the positional values of letters are given in the code.
Step 2: Check if the position of positional values of letters are interchanged.
Step 3: Check if the positional values of letters in reverse alphabetical series is given.
Step 4: Check if the position of positional values of letters (in reverse alphabetical
series) are interchanged.
Step 5: Check if operation like addition, subtraction or multiplication is applied.

Substitutional Coding
In this section, words are encrypted or coded with the substitute word.

Q. If ‘eye’ is called ‘hand’ , ‘hand’ is called ‘mouth’, ‘mouth’ is called ‘ear’, ‘ear’ is
called ‘nose’ and ‘nose’ is called ‘tongue’, then with which of the following
would a person hear?

A. The logic follows here is:-

A person hear from the ‘ear’
But ‘ear’ is called as ‘nose’
Thus, the correct answer is ‘nose’.

Chinese Coding
In this section, a few statements consisting of same words but in different order will be
coded as words or symbols or letters And you need to find the codes of words by finding
the common words in different statements as the code of a word in both the statement will
be same.

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Q. Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.

In a certain code language:

‘si ta mi’ means ‘Seeta is dancing',

‘ye ma ta ki’ means ‘jewellery shop is there',

‘si la za’ means ‘Seeta likes sweet’,

‘za ta ki’ means ‘sweet is there’.

Which of the following means ‘jewellery’ in that language?

A. From the statement:-

‘si’ means ‘Seeta’

‘ta’ means ‘is’

‘mi’ means ‘dancing’

‘ki’ means ‘there’

‘la’ means ‘likes’

‘za’ means ‘sweet’

Since the code of jewellery and shop is not determined, so the code of both the
words will be either ye or ma.

jewellery means ye/ma

shop means ma/ye

Hence, either ‘ye’ or ‘ma’ means ‘jewellery’ in that language.

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Conditional Coding
In this section, a few operations will be given and you need to apply all the given conditions
to find the code of given word.

Directions: In each question below is given a group of numbers / symbols followed by

five combinations of letter codes numbered (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). You have to find out
which of the combinations correctly represents the group of numbers / symbols based
on the following coding system and the conditions and mark the number of that combi-
nation as your answer:

Letter B A D E F H J K M I U O W L P
Letter Code 6 $ 7 8 # 1 2 * % 3 © 4 9 @ 5

Conditions:

i) If the first letter is a vowel and the last letter is a consonant, then their codes are to
be interchanged.

ii) If both the first and the last letters are consonants, then both are to be coded as ‘β’.

iii) If the first letter is a consonant and the last letter is a vowel, then both are to be cod-
ed as the code for the vowel

Q. What will be the code for IBHWPO

A. According to the statement:-

Given table:

Letter B A D E F H J K M I U O W L P

Letter Code 6 $ 7 8 # 1 2 * % 3 © 4 9 @ 5

According to the given conditions,

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Rule No. Condition Result

If the first is a vowel and the last Their codes are to be

1
letter is a consonant interchanged

If both the first and the last letters

2 Both are to be coded as β
are consonants

Both are to be coded as the

If the first letter is a consonant and
3 code for
the last letter is a vowel
Vowel

Here, simply write the code from the table as no rule applies.

Therefore, IBHWPO will be coded as 361954.

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