Delhi Public School, Bangalore - East Biology Notes - Class Viii Reproduction in Animals

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BANGALORE -EAST
BIOLOGY NOTES – CLASS VIII

REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
1. Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.

Ans: Reproduction means creating new life, hence
i) It is essential for the continuation of a species.
ii) It ensures the continuation of similar kinds of individuals, generation after generation.
2. Describe the process of fertilisation in human beings.
Ans: i) In the process of fertilisation, sperms come in contact with an ovum (egg).
ii) One of the sperm may fuse with the egg.
iii) The nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus resulting in the formation of a
fertilised egg called zygote.
iv) In human beings, the fertilisation takes place inside the female body, hence it is internal
fertilisation.
3. Give two differences between a zygote and foetus.
Zygote Foetus
(i) It is single celled i.e., it contains only one (i) It is multicellular i.e., it contains many
cell. cells.
(ii) It is formed by the fusion of male gamete (ii) It is the stage of the embryo in which all
or sperm and female gamete or ova (egg). the body parts can be identified.
4. Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.

Ans: The mode of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction. In
this type of reproduction, sex cells (gametes) are not produced and no fusion of gametes takes place. Asexual
reproduction takes place in amoeba, hydra, yeast, starfish, sponges, etc.
Two methods of asexual reproduction:
(i) Binary fission: In binary fission, a single parent cell is divided into two equal individual cells as in
Amoeba. The process begins by the division of the nucleus into two nuclei. This is followed by division
of the body into two, each part receiving a nucleus. Finally, two amoebae are produced from one parent
amoeba.
(ii) Budding: In budding, the organism develop one or more bulges called buds which further develops into
an adult organism and separates itself from the parent body to lead an independent life. This type of
reproduction is seen in Hydra, Yeast etc.
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Binary fission in Amoeba Budding in Hydra
5. In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?

Ans. The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further development.
6. What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Ans. The transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.
The animals that undergoes metamorphosis are
a. Silkworm (egg-> caterpillar-> pupa ->adult)
b. Frog (egg –> tadpole –> adult)
7. Differentiate between internal fertilisation and external fertilisation.
Internal fertilization External fertilization
i) It occurs inside the female body. i) It occurs outside the female body.
ii) Lesser number of gametes are produced. ii) Large number of gametes are produced to
ensure fertilization.
iii) There are high chances of survival of the iii) There are less chances of survival of the
offsprings as they are well protected in the offsprings.
female body.
iv) Example: cow, humans, dogs, iv) Example: fish, frog, starfish etc.
monkeys etc.
EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1. What is cloning?
Ans: Cloning is the production of an exact or a true copy of a cell, any other living part, or a complete
organism by asexual reproduction.
2. Explain the stages of development of an embryo.
Ans: i) Fertilisation of male and female gamete results in the formation of zygote.
ii) The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells which further begin to form groups and
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develop into different tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is called an embryo.
iii)The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further development.
iv)The embryo continues to develop. Gradually body parts start developing. This developing stage of
embryo is called foetus.
v) When the development of the foetus is complete, the mother gives birth to the baby.
3. What are sperm and ovum? Explain.
Ans: Sperm
The male gamete is called sperm. It is produced by male reproductive organ, testis. Structurally,
each sperm consists of a head, a middle piece and a tail. The tail helps the sperm to move around.
The head bears the small nucleus.
Ovum
Ovum is the female gamete, also called as egg. It is produced by the female reproductiveorgan,
ovary. Each ovum contains larger nucleus.
4. What is zygote?
Ans: A zygote is a fertilized cell with a single nucleus. It is formed by the fusion of male gamete (sperm)
and female gamete (ovum).
Diagrams to be drawn:
Male reproductive organs in humans Female reproductive organs in humans
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Human sperm Human ovum
Zygote formation and development of an embryo from the zygote

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BANGALORE -EAST

BIOLOGY NOTES – CLASS VIII

1. Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.

4. Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.

5. In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?

3. What are sperm and ovum? Explain.

Male reproductive organs in humans Female reproductive organs in humans

Zygote formation and development of an embryo from the zygote

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