WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE 5-89

5.10.3.2 Maximum Slenderness Ratios

For columns, the value L#/#rc shall not exceed 180. For other compression members, the value L#/#r shall not
exceed 200. For all other members, except tie rods whose design is based on tensile force, the value L#/#r shall not
exceed 300.

where

L is the unbraced length, in millimeters (inches);

rc is the least radius of gyration of column, in millimeters (inches);

r is the governing radius of gyration, in millimeters (inches).

5.10.4 Supported Cone Roofs

# 5.10.4.1 The slope of the roof shall be 1:16 or greater if specified by the Purchaser. If the rafters are set directly on
chord girders, producing slightly varying rafter slopes, the slope of the flattest rafter shall conform to the specified or
ordered roof slope.

5.10.4.2 Main supporting members, including those supporting the rafters, may be rolled or fabricated sections or
trusses. Although these members may be in contact with the roof plates, the compression flange of a member or the
top chord of a truss shall be considered as receiving no lateral support from the roof plates and shall be laterally
braced, if necessary, by other acceptable methods. The allowable stresses in these members shall be governed by
5.10.3.

5.10.4.3 Structural members serving as rafters may be rolled or fabricated sections but in all cases shall conform to
the rules of 5.10.2, 5.10.3, and 5.10.4. Rafters shall be designed for the dead load of the rafters and roof plates with
the compression flange of the rafter considered as receiving no lateral support from the roof plates and shall be
laterally braced if necessary (see 5.10.4.2). When considering additional dead loads or live loads, the rafters in direct
contact with the roof plates applying the loading to the rafters may be considered as receiving adequate lateral
support from the friction between the roof plates and the compression flanges of the rafters, with the following
exceptions:

a) trusses and open-web joints used as rafters;

b) rafters with a nominal depth greater than 375 mm (15 in.);

c) rafters with a slope greater than 1:6.

# 5.10.4.4 Rafters shall be spaced to satisfy:

1
---
2
b = t ( 1.5 F y ⁄ p ) ≤ 2100 mm (84 in.)

where

b is the maximum allowable roof plate span, measured circumferentially from center-to-center of rafters;
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Fy is the specified minimum yield strength of roof plate;

t is the corroded roof thickness;

p is the uniform pressure as determined from load combinations given in 5.2.2.

# 5.10.4.5 Roof columns shall be made from either pipe or structural shapes as selected on the Data Sheet, Line 11.
Pipe columns shall either be sealed or have openings on both the top and bottom of the column.

5.10.4.6 Rafter clips for the outer row of rafters shall be welded to the tank shell.

5.10.4.7 Roof support columns shall be provided at their bases with details that provide for the following.

a) Load Distribution: Column loads shall be distributed over a bearing area based on the specified soil bearing
capacity or foundation design. The pressure applied by the tank liquid height need not be considered when sizing
column bases to distribute loads. If an unstiffened horizontal plate is designed to distribute the load, it shall have a
nominal thickness of not less than 12 mm (1/2 in.). Alternatively, the column load may be distributed by an
assembly of structural beams. The plate or members shall be designed to distribute the load without exceeding
allowable stresses prescribed in 5.10.3.1.

b) Corrosion and Abrasion Protection: At each column a wear plate with a nominal thickness of not less than 6
mm (1/4 in.) shall be welded to the tank bottom with a 6 mm (1/4 in.) minimum fillet weld. A single adequate
thickness plate may be designed for the dual functions of load distribution and corrosion/abrasion protection.

c) Vertical Movement: The design shall allow the columns to move vertically relative to the tank bottom without
restraint in the event of tank overpressure or bottom settlement.

d) Lateral Movement: The columns shall be effectively guided at their bases to prevent lateral movement. The
guides shall remain effective in the event of vertical movement of columns relative to tank bottom of up to 75 mm
(3 in.). The guides shall be located such that they are not welded directly to the tank bottom plates.

5.10.4.8 Three acceptable arrangements to provide the functions required by 5.10.4.7 are illustrated in Figure
5.26.

5.10.4.9 For Annex F tanks, when supporting members are attached to the roof plate, consideration shall be given
to the design of the supporting members and their attachment details when considering internal pressure.

5.10.4.10 Center columns shall be designed for both the balanced snow load and unbalanced snow load.
Intermediate columns need only be designed for the balanced snow load.

# 5.10.5 Self-Supporting Cone Roofs

NOTE Self-supporting roofs whose roof plates are stiffened by sections welded to the plates need not conform to the minimum
thickness requirements, but the nominal thickness of the roof plates shall not be less than 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) when so designed by
the Manufacturer, subject to the approval of the Purchaser.

5.10.5.1 Self-supporting cone roofs shall conform to the following requirements:

θ ≤ 37 degrees (slope = 9:12)

θ ≥ 9.5 degrees (slope = 2:12)

In SI units:

D T D U
Nominal thickness shall not be less than the greatest of ------------------ ------- + CA, ------------------ ------- + CA, and 5 mm
4.8 sin θ 2.2 5.5 sin θ 2.2

Corroded thickness shall not be more than 13 mm.

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