Digital Image Processing

Report

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Table Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1
Background........................................................................................................................................1
Digital Image Processing.....................................................................................................................1
Features of Digital Image Processing..................................................................................................1
The Content of Digital Image Processing Technology..........................................................................1
Application of Digital Image Processing Technology...........................................................................2
Computer or Machine Vision..........................................................................................................2
Medical Field..................................................................................................................................2
Military and public security fields...................................................................................................2
Image sharpening and restoration..................................................................................................2
Pattern recognition.........................................................................................................................2
Video processing............................................................................................................................3
Advantages of Digital Image Processing.............................................................................................3
Limitation of Digital Image Processing................................................................................................3
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................3
References..................................................................................................................................................4

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Introduction
Digital image processing technology is the use of computer technology to remove the image noise,
enhance, segmentation, recovery and so on. The development of computer network technology has led
to the development of digital image processing technology, the increasing level of mathematics, and the
constant demand for digital image processing technology from various industries in society, which has
brought new opportunities for digital image technology and provided advancement. In the 1920s,
human beings used digital image processing technology for the first time. They used cables to transfer
photos between the United Kingdom and the United States. However, the quality of images transmitted
was not very good. Therefore, image quality should be improved and optimized. It was not until the
1970s that digital image processing technology had been updated. The study of digital images at this
stage also incorporated a pattern understanding system. As technology is continuously updated and
applied to different fields, the requirements for digital image processing technology are getting higher
and higher, which also accelerates the development of digital image processing technology

Background
Image processing technology cannot be developed without the development of computers, the
development of mathematics, and the growth of application requirements in various industries. In the
1960s, the image processing technology began to be applied more scientifically, and people used this
technology to perform idealized processing of output images.

Digital images can be processed from microscopes to astronomical telescopes.

Digital Image Processing

Digital image processing refers to the process of converting an image signal into a digital signal and
processing it with a computer. This process includes image enhancement, noise reduction,
segmentation, restoration, encoding, compression, and extraction of features. [1]

Features of Digital Image Processing

 Reproducibility is good: The processing of copying the image will not have any influence on the
original image, and thus it can guarantee the real information.
 High processing resolution: The storage accuracy of an image largely depends on the number of
quantization bits used in the conversion and the current digital image. It can have 8, 12, 16, or
higher.
 Wide range of applications: It can be derived from a variety of sources, from microbes to space
images, from human skeletons to lakes and mountains. Without being limited to the target's
environment, they can accurately reflect their objective appearance and size.
 Flexible processing: Digital images can be used for any operation including linearity. Operations
and non-linear operations greatly increase the flexibility of processing and make processing
easy.
 Large compression space: Compressing the storage space. Especially for images, the contents of
the two frames before and after are often not very different, with more than 90% of the data
being the same, and the compression ratio can be very large.

The Content of Digital Image Processing Technology

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  Acquisition of Images. First of all, we must first obtain the image. From the perspective of the
imaging sensor, there is a general TV camera, an infrared camera, x-ray imaging, γ-ray imaging.
 Image Enhancement and Recovery. The acquired images often have various distortions and
disturbances. Making the image more suitable for people's needs of observation and processing.
The complex principle of the image is to eliminate or reduce the damage and degradation of the
image caused during image acquisition and transmission.
 Image Compression. The greatest difficulty encountered when transferring them to the user
terminal or storing the images for future use is the huge amount of data of the images. The
compression of image information is a crucial issue in the storage and delivery of images, and
even in the multimedia technologies. [2]

Application of Digital Image Processing Technology

Digital image processing technology has made great progress in all walks of life.

Computer or Machine Vision

One of the most interesting and useful applications of Image Processing is in Computer Vision. Computer
Vision is used to make the computer see, identify things, and process the whole environment as a
whole. An important use of Computer Vision is Self-Driving cars, Drones etc. CV helps in obstacle
detection, path recognition, and understanding the environment.
Medical Field
Tn the field of biomedical engineering, digital image processing technology has also played a huge role.
In addition to the above-mentioned CT, there are still some microscopic image processing technologies,
mainly to identify Red blood cells, white blood cells, and chromosome analysis have played an important
role in medical diagnosis and treatment of X-ray image enhancement, electrocardiogram analysis, and
ultrasound image processing techniques. Digital image processing is applied to the medical field and is
mainly used in image processing technologies such as medical ultrasound imaging and X-ray
angiography.

Military and public security fields

It has played an active role in these two aspects. The application in military affairs is mainly applied to
the transmission of images, the storage and display of images, etc., and is most commonly used in the
application of automated command systems. The application in the public security field is applied to the
public security personnel to analyze and interpret the pictures sent back, and has played a good effect.
The most important in the public security system is the recognition of faces and the repair of incomplete
images.

Image sharpening and restoration

It refers to the process in which we can modify the look and feel of an image. It basically manipulates
the images and achieves the desired output. It includes conversion, sharpening, blurring, detecting
edges, retrieval, and recognition of images.
Pattern recognition
It involves the study of image processing, it is also combined with artificial intelligence such that
computer-aided diagnosis, handwriting recognition and images recognition can be easily implemented.
Now a days, image processing is used for pattern recognition.

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Video processing
It is also one of the applications of digital image processing. A collection of frames or pictures are
arranged in such a way that it makes the fast movement of pictures. It involves frame rate conversion,
motion detection, reduction of noise and color space conversion. [3] 

Advantages of Digital Image Processing

Image processing can have many benefits according to user requirements below listed are few benefits
of image processing:

 Human interpretation can be done more relevantly through much processing.

 Digital images can be acquired according to one’s need.
 Information can be extracted from images for machine interpretation and to make image more
suitable for further processing.
 Editing of image pixels can be done according to requirement also the contrast and density can
be changed.
 Retrieving and storing of an image can be done more easily.
 Third-party provider can easily get hold of an image through electronic transmission.

Limitation of Digital Image Processing

 Non-Trivial Issues: filtration regeneration restoration classification of pictures fusion
segmentation etc. which consume a lot of time to adjust such are called non-trivial issues.
 Accuracy: getting a hundred per cent accuracy is not possible which sometimes would lead to
minor problems in various sectors such as recognizing image or recognizing handwritten text.
 Diverse Methods of Processing: along with that which method to use is a big question for the
researchers.

Conclusion
At present, digital image processing technology has been widely used in life. For example, applications in
networks, mobile phones, etc., the development of digital image processing technology is closely related
to people's lives. With the continuous development of technology, digital image processing technology
will continue to be obtained. Progress, these also need more people to study.

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References

[1] K. Dali, Research Status and Development Direction of Digital Image Processing, Cui Yang, 2012.

[2] D. Ke., Research and Development Direction of Digital Image Processing Technology, Economic
Research Guide, 2013.

[3] "wikipedia," 2022. [Online]. Available: www.wikipedia.com.