Manual AVR 4.20 Eng

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[ User Manual – AVR | MA–011 | 03-01-2018 | Ver.: 4.20 ]

Contents
1 FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 LEGAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................................5

1.2 PRESENTATION ........................................................................................................................................5
1.3 TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS .................................................................................................................5
1.4 GENERAL AND SAFETY INFORMATION ..........................................................................................................5
1.5 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................................8
1.6 WARRANTY TERM ....................................................................................................................................9
1.7 REVISION CONTROL................................................................................................................................10
2 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 11
2.1 MAIN FEATURES ....................................................................................................................................11

2.2 OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS............................................................................................................................12
2.3 BASIC OPERATING PHILOSOPHY ...............................................................................................................13
2.4 CONTROL OF PARALLEL OPERATION USING THE CIRCULATING CURRENT METHOD ............................................14
3 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION ............................................................................................ 16
3.1 SYSTEM TOPOLOGY ................................................................................................................................16

3.2 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................16
3.3 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................................17
3.4 APPLICATION DIAGRAMS.........................................................................................................................28
4 OPERATION .................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 FUNCTIONS OF KEYS AND LEDS: ...............................................................................................................31

4.2 CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT: .......................................................................................................................32
4.3 READINGS SCREENS ................................................................................................................................32
4.4 ALERT SCREENS .....................................................................................................................................34
4.5 COMMAND OF ON LOAD TAP CHANGER (OPTIONAL ITEMS NO. 3 & 6) ..........................................................36
4.6 PARAMETER DEFINITION MENUS..............................................................................................................39
5 START UP PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 67
6 TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................................................... 70
6.1 SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES – PROBABLE CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS .................................................70

6.2 OTHER PROBLEMS - PROBABLE CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS ................................................................73
6.3 FIRMWARE VERSION AND SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MEMORY QUERIES ....................................................................75
7 APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................... 76
APPENDIX A – PARAMETER DEFINITION TABLES .......................................................................................................76

APPENDIX B – TECHNICAL DATA............................................................................................................................80
APPENDIX C – ORDER SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................81
APPENDIX D – TESTS PERFORMED .........................................................................................................................82
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List of figures
FIGURE 1 – VOLTAGE REGULATOR RELAY – AVR ........................................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 2 – DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM FOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR RELAY - AVR ..................................................................................... 13
FIGURE 3 – APPLICATION OF AVR VOLTAGE REGULATOR RELAY WITH PARALLELISM CONTROL BY CIRCULATING CURRENT ........................... 14
FIGURE 4 – COMPOSITION OF THE VOLTAGE REGULATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 5 - DIMENSIONS OF THE VOLTAGE REGULATOR RELAY AVR .................................................................................................. 17
FIGURE 6 – INPUT AND OUTPUT TERMINALS OF THE AVR. ............................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 7 – CONNECTION AND GROUNDING OF SHIELDING FOR RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATION IN DATA ACQUISITION .............................. 20
FIGURE 8 - CONNECTION AND GROUNDING OF SHIELDING FOR RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT USED IN PARALLELISM CONTROL
(OPTIONAL).................................................................................................................................................................... 20
FIGURE 9 - SINGLE PHASE PT CONNECTION DIAGRAM, 0° PHASE DIFFERENCE ANGLE ............................................................................. 21
FIGURE 10 - PHASE/NEUTRAL PT CONNECTION DIAGRAM, 0° PHASE DIFFERENCE ANGLE ....................................................................... 22
FIGURE 11 - PHASE/PHASE PT CONNECTION DIAGRAMS, 0° PHASE DIFFERENCE ANGLE.......................................................................... 22
FIGURE 12 - PHASE/PHASE PT CONNECTION DIAGRAM, 150° PHASE DIFFERENCE ANGLE ....................................................................... 22
FIGURE 15 – CONNECTION OF SHIELDING ON TAP POSITION READING CABLES ...................................................................................... 25
FIGURE 16 – CONFIGURATION OF RESISTORS IN THE POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR IN INTERMEDIATE POSITIONS OF THE OLTC .......................... 26
FIGURE 17 - AVR WITH TAP POSITION READING............................................................................................................................. 29
FIGURE 18 – AVR WIRING DIAGRAM WITH EXTERNAL SWITCHES ....................................................................................................... 30
FIGURE 19 – FRONT DISPLAY OF THE AVR .................................................................................................................................... 31
FIGURE 20 – ADJUSTING DISPLAY BRIGHTNESS............................................................................................................................... 32
FIGURE 21 – READINGS SCREENS: VARIABLES SHOWN ON THE DISPLAY OF THE AVR.............................................................................. 33
FIGURE 23 – PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL RAISE/LOWER TAP POSITION COMMAND ................................................................................ 38
FIGURE 24 – ACCESS TO PARAMETER DEFINITION SUBMENUS ........................................................................................................... 39
FIGURE 25 – SUBMENU ACCESS FRAMEWORK. .............................................................................................................................. 41
FIGURE 26 - DISPLAY SHOWING SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGE............................................................................................................. 70
FIGURE 26 – SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MEMORY AND FIRMWARE VERSION SCREEN....................................................................................... 75
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List of tables
TABLE 1 – OPERATING CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 6
TABLE 2 - INPUT TERMINALS ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
TABLE 3 - SELECTION OF VOLTAGE REGULATION PARAMETER SET OR PARALLELISM GROUP BY EXTERNAL CONTACT INPUTS ............................ 24
TABLE 4 - MAXIMUM LENGTH FOR EACH LEAD GAUGE USED IN TAP POSITION READ OUT CABLES .............................................................. 25
TABLE 5 - RESISTANCE OF THE POTENTIOMETRIC TAP POSITION SENSOR. ............................................................................................. 25
TABLE 6 - OUTPUT TERMINALS ................................................................................................................................................... 27
TABLE 7 - MAXIMUM LOAD OF CURRENT LOOP OUTPUT .................................................................................................................. 27
TABLE 8 - AUXILIARY PARAMETER DEFINITION TABLE – REGULATION MENU ........................................................................................ 76
TABLE 9 - AUXILIARY PARAMETER DEFINITION TABLE – CONFIGURATION MENU ................................................................................... 76
TABLE 10 - AUXILIARY PARAMETER DEFINITION TABLE – ALARMS AND RELAY MENU ............................................................................. 78
TABLE 11 - AUXILIARY PARAMETER SETTING TABLE – MENU OPTIONAL ITEM ON LOAD TAP CHANGER ..................................................... 79
TABLE 12 - AUXILIARY PARAMETER SETTING TABLE – MENUS TRANSFORMER AND CIRCULATING CURRENT................................................ 79
TABLE 13 - POSSIBLE OPTIONAL ITEM COMBINATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 81
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1 Foreword
1.1 Legal Information
The information contained in this document is subject to changes without prior notice.
This document belongs to Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. and may neither be copied, transferred to third
parties nor used without express authorization, in terms of law 9.610/98.
Disclaimer:
Treetech Sistemas Digitais reserves the right to make changes without prior notice in all products, circuits and
functionalities described herein with the aim of improving their reliability, function or design. Treetech
Sistemas Digitais does not assume any liability resulting from application or use of any product or circuit
described herein, and does not transmit any licenses or patents under its rights, not even third party rights.
Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. may own patent or other types of registrations and intellectual property rights
described in the content of this document. Possession of this document by any person or entity does not give
such person or entity any right over these patents or registrations.
1.2 Presentation
This manual presents all the recommendations and instructions for installation, operation and maintenance
of the Voltage Regulator Relay -AVR.
1.3 Typographical Conventions

Throughout this text, the following typographical conventions were adopted:
Bold: Symbols, terms and words that are in bold have greater contextual importance. Therefore, pay attention
to these terms.
Italics: Terms in foreign language, alternative or with their use outside the formal situation are written in italics.
1.4 General and Safety Information

This section presents relevant aspects of safety, installation and maintenance of the AVR.
Safety Symbols
This manual uses three types of risk classification, as shown below:
Caution
The Caution symbol is used to alert the user of a potentially hazardous operating or maintenance
procedure that demands greater caution in its conduction. There may be minor or moderate injuries, as
well as damages to the equipment.
Warning
The Warning symbol is used to alert the user of a potentially hazardous operating or maintenance
procedure in which extreme caution must be taken. There may be serious injuries or death. Possible
damages to the equipment are irreparable.
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Electric Shock Hazard
The Electric Shock Hazard symbol is used to alert the user of an operating or maintenance procedure
that may result in electric shock if not strictly observed. There may be minor, moderate, serious injuries
or death.
General Symbols
This manual uses the following general symbols:
Important
The Important symbol is used to highlight relevant information.
Tip:
The Tip symbol represents instructions that facilitate use and access of functions in the TM1/TM2.
Minimum profile recommended for the AVR operator and maintainer

Installation, maintenance and operation of equipment in electric power substations require special cares and,
therefore, all recommendations of this manual, applicable standards, safety procedures, safe work practices
and good judgment must be used during all handling stages of the Temperature Monitor (TM1 and TM2).
For use of this manual, an authorized and trained person has knowledge of the inherent risks – both electrical
and environmental – involved in handling the AVR.
Only authorized and trained personnel – operators and maintainers – should handle this equipment.
a) The operator or maintainer must be trained and authorized to operate, ground, turn on and
turn off the AVR, following maintenance procedures according to the safety practices established,
under the sole responsibility of the AVR operator and maintainer;
b) Be trained in the use of IPEs, CPEs and first-aid;
c) Trained in the working principles of the AVR, as well as its configuration.
d) Follow regulatory recommendations regarding interventions in any type of equipment
included in an Electric Power System.
Environmental and voltage conditions required for installation and operation

The table below lists important information on the environmental and voltage requirements:
Table 1 – Operating Conditions
Condition Interval/Description
Equipment for sheltered use in substations,
Application
industrial environments and similar.
Internal/External Use Internal Use
Degree of Protection (IEC 60529) IP 20
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Altitude* (IEC EN 61010-1) Up to 2000 m
Temperature (IEC EN 61010-1)
Operation -40 °C to +85 °C
Storage -50 °C to +95 °C
Relative Humidity (IEC EN 61010-1)
Operation 5% to 95% – Uncondensed
Storage 3% to 98% – Uncondensed
MAINS Supply Voltage Fluctuation (IEC EN 61010- Up to ±10% of the Rated voltage
1)
Overvoltage (IEC EN 61010-1) Category II
Level of Pollution (IEC EN 61010-1) Level 2
Atmospheric Pressure** (IEC EN 61010-1) 80 kPa to 110 kPa
Instructions for test and installation

This manual must be available to those responsible for installation, maintenance and users of the Voltage
Regulator Relay - AVR
To guarantee user safety, equipment protection and correct operation, the following minimum cares must be
followed during the AVR installation and maintenance:
1. Read this manual carefully before installation, operation and maintenance of the AVR. Errors
in installation, maintenance or adjustments of the AVR can cause undue operations of the tap
changer in load, unsatisfactory voltage regulation, undue alarms or pertinent alarms may also fail
to be emitted.
2. The installation, adjustments and operation of the AVR must be done by personnel trained
and acquainted with the electric motors, power transformers, tap changers on load or voltage
regulators, control devices and control circuits of substation equipment.
3. Special attention must be paid to installation of the AVR, including the type and size of the
cables and terminal strips used, as well as the procedures for commissioning, including correct
parameterization of the equipment.
The AVR must be installed in a sheltered environment (a panel without doors in a control room or in a
closed panel, in cases of outdoor installation) where the temperature and humidity specified for the
equipment are not exceeded.
Do not install the AVR near sources of heat like heat resistors, incandescent lamps and devices with high
power or with heat dissipaters. Its installation near ventilation orifices or where it can be affected by forced
air flow, like outlet or inlet of cooling fans or forced ventilation ducts, is not recommended.
On conducting dielectric strength tests on the wiring (applied voltage), the ground cables connected to
terminal 17 of the AVR must be disconnected in order to prevent destruction of the protections against
overvoltage existing inside the device due to application of high voltages for a long period (e.g.: 2 kV for
1 minute).
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Cleaning and decontamination instructions
Take care when cleaning the TM1/TM2. Use ONLY a cloth wet with soap or detergent diluted in water to clean
the cabinet, front plate or any other part of the equipment. Do not use abrasive materials, polishers or
aggressive chemical solvents (like alcohol or acetone) on any of its surfaces.
Turn off and unplug the equipment before cleaning any of its parts.
Inspection and Maintenance instructions

The following observations must be followed for inspection and maintenance of the AVR:
Do not open the equipment. In it, there are no parts reparable by the user. This should be done by the
Treetech technical assistance, or by technicians accredited by it.
This equipment is completely maintenance-free, being that visual and operational inspections, periodical
or not, may be conducted by the user. These inspections are not mandatory.
Opening of the TM1/TM2 at any time will imply in loss of the product warranty. In cases of undue opening
of the equipment, Treetech will also not be able to warrant its correct functioning, regardless of the
warranty period having expired or not.
All parts of this equipment must be supplied by Treetech, or by one of its accredited suppliers, according
to its specifications. If the user wishes to purchase it otherwise, he must strictly follow Treetech’s
recommendations for this. This way, the performance and safety for the user and the equipment will not
be compromised. If these specifications are not followed, the user and the equipment may be exposed
to unforeseen and unnecessary risks.
1.5 Technical Assistance

To obtain technical assistance for the TM1/TM2 or any other Treetech product, contact us through the address
below:
Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. – Technical Assistance

R. José Bonifácio, 661, Jd. Brasil
Atibaia – São Paulo – Brazil
Zip Code: 12940-210
CNPJ [Corporate taxpayer's roll]: 74.211.970/0002-53
IE [State Tax ID]: 190.159.742.110
PHONE: +55 (11) 2410-1190 x201
FAX: +55 (11) 4413-5991
Email: suporte.tecnico@treetech.com.br
Site: http://www.treetech.com.br
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1.6 Warranty term
The Temperature Monitor is guaranteed by Treetech for the term of 2 (two) years, counted from the date of
purchase, exclusively against eventual manufacture defects or quality vices that render the equipment unfit
for use.
The warranty will not cover damages sustained by the product, as a consequence of accidents, improper
handling, incorrect installation and use, inadequate tests or in case the warranty seal has been breached.
The eventual need for technical assistance must be informed to TREETECH, or to a technical assistance service
appointed by the same, with the equipment being delivered together with the purchase invoice.
Treetech does not supply, nor is liable to, any other warranty, express or understood, in addition to the ones
mentioned above. Treetech does not supply any guarantee of suitability of the TM1/TM2 to any specific
application.
The dealer is not liable to any claims for damage to property, nor any other form of losses that might occur, in
connection to or stemming from the acquisition of the equipment, of the performance of the equipment or of
any other service possibly supplied together with the TM1/TM2.
Under no circumstances will the dealer be made responsible for any losses incurred, included but not limited
to: loss of profit or revenue, impossibility in using the TM1/TM2 or any other associated item of equipment,
costs of capital, costs of energy acquired, costs of replacement equipment, facilities or services, costs of
outages, complaints from clients or employees of the buyer, regardless of whether said damages, complaints
or losses are based on contracts, warranties, negligence, felony or any other reason.
Under no circumstances can the dealer be made liable for any personal damage of any sort.
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1.7 Revision Control
Review Date Description By
0 11/19/2004 Original issue Fco.
Revised firmware version number from 1.0.3 to 1.0.4 (Modbus
1.00 11/26/2004 M. Alves
information).
Manual in new format. Insertion of optional functions Parallelism
by Circulating Current and OLTC Maintenance. Up-date of Modbus Tchiarles/
2.00 07/07/2008 and DNP 3.0. tables. Insertion of parameter definition tables. Rafael/
Note: This review of the Manual is applicable only to devices with Marcos
firmware version V2.00 and later.
João V.
3.00 24/07/2015 New design. International representatives updated
Miranda
João V.
3.10 15/10/2015 Insertion of “Reversion Flow” in subchapter 6.1
Miranda
João V.
3.20 02/12/2015 Optional functions updated
Miranda
João V.
3.30 08/06/2016 Technical Data Review
Miranda
Inclusion of optional function 4: OLTC checking, and subchapter
3.4; Updating: indication to the self-diagnosis memory; self-
diagnosis table and the 2nd delay time and Local Address
parameters. Inclusion of “Screensaver” Parameter (replacing
“Screen Scrolling”) and new layout. Technical Assistance data João V.
4.20 03-01-2018
update. Inclusion of the power flow reversal alarm, error 0200 and Miranda
the fourth digit. The manual version now corresponds to the
Portuguese and Spanish versions.
Note: This manual review applies only to devices with firmware
version v2.19 and later.
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Introduction
In an increasingly more demanding market in terms of Quality of Electric Energy, and with increasingly stricter
rules for parameter definition and acceptable supply limits, there is a pressing need for tools capable of
adapting to this reality and afford adequate voltage regulation.
Within this context, Treetech’s Voltage Regulator Relay AVR offers a solution that goes beyond the traditional
and well-known relays “90”, equipped with unprecedented resources to afford better control of load voltage
limits, allowing addressing of the most exacting regulations in this sector.
1.8 Main Features

 Applicable on power transformers with On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and Single-phase Voltage Regulators;
 IED (Intelligent Electronic Device), fit for integration with supervision or monitoring systems by way of
RS485 and RS232 ports (Modbus standard, DNP 3.0 optional).
 Six independent voltage regulation parameter sets, actuated by hour-based programming (internal clock)
or external dry contacts;
 Internal clock with hour, minute and second, and calendar with day, month and year, and day of the week;
 Independent actuation times for voltage above or below the adjusted range;
 Linear temporizing types (defined time) or Inverse Curve;
 Linear temporizing with independent adjustment per range of voltage deviation;
 Line Drop Compensation by adjustment of Resistance (R) and Reactance (X) or by the simplified voltage
drop percentage method (Z Compensation);
 Mass memory for recording measured variables (Optional item No. 2);
 Five signal relays with programmable function and operation types (NO/NC). The same relay can be
actuated by more than one event (“OR” logic);
 Analog output for remote reading of voltage, current or tap. Configurable output range: 0…1, 0…5, 0…10.
0…20 or 4…20 mA;
 Multiple measurement function: readings of load and transformer voltage, voltage deviation, load current,
active, reactive and apparent power, % load, power factor, frequency, current and previous tap position,
minimum and maximum tap positions reached (Optional item no.3);
 Phase shift between PT and CT adjustable from 0° to 330° in 30° increment steps, allowing any connection
combination between PT and CT;
 Optional item for tap measurement and command selection between automatic (programmed levels of
actuation) or manual command to raise or lower tap;
 Optional item for parallelism of up to 6 transformers applying the Minimum Circulating Current Method;
 Optional item for OLTC maintenance, comprised of switching operation counter (including intermediate
positions), sum of current switched squared (Ipu2) and days remaining before OLTC maintenance;
 Blocking of OLTC programmable for overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, OLTC overshoot and high
circulating current between transformers in parallel. Programmable actuation for quick voltage reduction
in case of overvoltage;
 Optional item for OLTC checking, works by algorithms that identify voltage levels corresponding to the
sensitivity of the circuit, identifying activity or not of the switching, signaling the fault (Alarm). It does not
require potentiometric transmitter information.
 High brightness VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) “dot matrix” display with contrast adjustment, legible
under most lighting conditions and whole operating temperature range;
 Operating temperature range -40° to +85°C, allowing installation on outdoor panels;
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 Universal power input, from 38 to 265Vdc/Vac 50/60 Hz;
 Communication via optic fiber cables, deploying external electric-optical converter;
 User password protected programming menus;
 Parameter definition preserved even in case of long periods without power feed, by way of non-volatile
memory without the need for internal batteries;
 Device connection by way of ring-type terminals for CT and PT signals, and detachable connectors for the
other circuits;
 Reduced dimensions (96X96X161mm), allowing easy installation in new or existing panels, assembled on
transformers or in control rooms.
Figure 1 – Voltage Regulator Relay – AVR
1.9 Optional Functions

According to the order, AVRs can be delivered with one or more of the optional functions listed below. Some
combinations of optional items are not simultaneously; consult Appendix C for possible combinations.
Optional item 1 - Protocol DNP 3.0:

User selected communication protocol between Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 level 1.
Optional item 2 – Mass Memory:

Non-volatile memory for storage of readings, operations of the OLTC and alarm event data. User selects the
variables to be stored (maximum of 30 variables) and defines whether storage is for instant, average, minimum
or maximum values for the interval.
Optional item 3 – Position Reading:

Input for reading OLTC position by potentiometric sensor, with compensation for resistance of cables and
detection of errors. Associated functions:
 Current output programming for remote tap reading;
 Manual command of OLTC, local (front panel) and by serial communication;
 Limitation of OLTC excursion range (minimum and maximum tap positions allowed) and memorizing
maximum and minimum positions reached since last reset;
 Protection against undue tap operations: blockage of switch in case of operations not initiated by AVR.
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Optional item 4 – OLTC Checking:
It works by algorithms that identify voltage levels corresponding to the sensitivity of the circuit, identifying
activity or not of the switching, signaling the fault (Alarm). It does not require potentiometric transmitter
information.
Optional item 6 – Parallelism by Circulating Current:

Parallelism control for up to 6 transformers using the Minimum Circulating Current Method, with block for
excess circulating current.
Optional item 7 – OLTC Maintenance:

Same as for Optional item 3, adding:
 OLTC operation counter, with notice for high number of operations;
 Integration of current switched squared, with notice for high I² sum.
1.10 Basic Operating Philosophy

While in operation, the AVR targets maintaining load voltage within a pre-set range of values defined by the
user programmed parameters.
To this end, the AVR performs voltage readings at transformer output and load current. By using these two
readings and the line drop parameters programmed, the voltage on the load is calculated, which is the voltage
that must effectively be maintained within the limits desired as shown in Figure 2.
ILOAD
UTRANSFORMER UDROP ULOAD
Figure 2 – Deployment diagram for Voltage Regulator Relay - AVR
For more detailed information on the way the AVR acts when regulating voltage. In addition to the basic
voltage regulation function, the AVR also acts as protection for the OLTC, blocking its operation in adverse
conditions, such as a line short-circuit (over-current/under-voltage) and load protection (over-voltage).
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1.11 Control of Parallel Operation using the Circulating Current Method
One of the main concerns when operating power transformers in parallel is avoiding the appearance of
currents circulating between windings in parallel. Once transformers operating in parallel feature the same
vector groups, voltage, power and impedance levels and that the primary windings are powered from the
same source, the main requirement in preventing circulation of current is that transformation ratios be equal.
In transformers with On Load Tap Changers (OLTC), which modify their ratios during operation, this condition
can be achieved through a number of different methods. When transformers have the same number of shunt
positions, with equal transformation ratios in every position, it is enough for them to always operate from the
same tap position, which can be accomplished by applying the “Master-Slave” control philosophy. This is the
philosophy adopted in Treetech’s SPS Parallelism Supervisor, which can be deployed together with the AVR
Voltage Regulator Relay.
However, it is also possible for transformers to be electrically compatible for operation in parallel, but have
different numbers of taps, so that applying the “Master-Slave” philosophy would, in these cases, require a
more complex logic. For these cases, an alternative is the use of the Minimum Circulation Current parallelism
method, which can be applied using AVR Voltage Regulator Relays equipped with optional function no. 6.
Implementing digitally parallelism by Circulating Current on AVR avoids the inconvenience and complexity
faced in the past when applying this method through analog circuits, which required the use of auxiliary CTs
and a high number of connection cables. AVRs are installed as usual, adding only the connection between the
relays with just one shielded, twisted-pair cable, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Application of AVR Voltage Regulator Relay with Parallelism Control by Circulating Current
In the parallelism method by Circulating Current, AVRs control tap changers focusing, not on the tap position,
but rather in reducing reactive circulation current between the windings simultaneous to the normal voltage
regulation. To do this, relays calculate the circulating current between transformers through data exchange
via RS485 serial communication network.
Through a Gain factor, user adjusted between 0 and 100%, a Voltage Correction proportional to the value of
the Circulating Current is accomplished, where a gain of 100% corresponds to Correction Voltage equal to
reference voltage for a circulating current corresponding to the transformer’s rated power. In transformers
acting as generators of circulating current, it will be displayed with a positive sign, as will the correction
voltage, and for transformers receiving circulating current, the current will be shown with a negative sign, as
will the correction the voltage.
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The Correction Voltage obtained in this way is added to the reading at the PT input, used by the relay for
regulation, causing a feedback effect that will lead the AVR to a trend to reduce voltage in the transformer
generating circulating current (positive Correction Voltage) and/or raise voltage in the receptor (negative
Correction Voltage).
The choice between the options informed above – reduce voltage in the transformer generating circulation
current or raise it in the transformer receiving – will, in general, be determined by the system voltage level. If
the voltage reading is below the reference value, the trend will be for receiving transformers to change tap in
order to raise voltage. In the opposite situation, if load voltage is above the reference value, the trend will be
for the generating transformer to change tap to reduce voltage.
The Gain adjusted by the user has the purpose of regulating intensity of feedback to reduce circulating current,
avoiding excessively weak correction, thus not allowing high circulation currents, or excessively high, causing
system instability.
In case of failure in actuation of one or more OLTC, the AVR features protection against excessive circulating
current that signals the event through an alarm and blocks the OLTC associated. For correct operation of
parallelism, an essential condition is that relays have identical voltage regulation parameter settings, which is
automatically checked by AVRs, with alarm issued and blockage of the system if any divergences are found.
This way, control of parallelism by Circulating Current afford a simple way of achieving transformer parallelism
in transformers with different numbers of taps, by automatically seeking the tap positions that afford the best
voltage regulation and the lowest circulation current.
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2 Design and Installation
2.1 System Topology
Basically, the AVR - Voltage Regulation system is comprised of:
Tap Position
PT CT Measurement (optional)
Data Parallelism
Acquisition Voltage Regulator Relay - AVR Communication (optional)
System
- Alarms - Command On-Load Tap

- Self-diagnostic - Blocking Changer
- Remote indication (LTC)
Figure 4 – Composition of the Voltage Regulation system
2.2 Mechanical Installation

The Voltage Regulator Relay - AVR must be installed protected from the weather, inside panels or sheltered
in-doors. In any case there must an anti-condensation system.
The AVR is suited for built in type assemblies, and can be fixed, for instance, on doors or front plates of panels.
Fixation clips are supplied with the AVR. Figure 5 shows the main dimensions of the equipment, as well as the
dimensions of the cut out required on the plate in order to fit the equipment. Special attention must be given
to the thickness of the paint coats of the plate at the site of the cut out, because in some cases, high thickness
paint may be used and the resulting reduction in the area of the cut out may even keep the equipment from
fitting. Connection terminals are installed on the rear part of the AVR, with fixed terminals for the PT and CT
connections and 2 detachable connectors for the other connections, in order to facilitate connections. In the
detachable terminals, cables between 0.5 and 2.5mm² may be used, bare or with “pin” type connectors (or
“needle”) for the detachable connectors, and for the PT and CT terminals, eyelet-type terminals should be
used for cables up to 6 mm².
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Figure 5 - Dimensions of the Voltage Regulator Relay AVR
2.3 Electrical Installation

Some special care should be taken to the design and installation of AVR, as described below.
A circuit breaker should be used immediately before the power input (Universal Power Supply - 38 ~ 265 Vdc / Vdc,
<8 W, 50/60 Hz), which corresponds to the pins, 18 and 19 of the AVR. This circuit breaker must have the number
of poles corresponding to the number of phases used in the power supply - the poles must interrupt only the phases
and never the neutral or earth - and provide thermal and electrical protection to the conductors that feed the
equipment.
The circuit breaker must be close to the equipment and easily operable by the operator. Additionally, it must have
an indelible identification showing that it is the AVR's electrical disconnect device.
The following circuit breaker specification is recommended when used exclusively for the AVR:
 AC / DC supply, Neutral-phase: Single-pole circuit breaker, 1 A ≤ In ≤ 2 A, curve B or C, standards

NBR / IEC 60947-2, NBR / IEC 60898 or IEEE 1015-2006;
 AC / DC Power, Phase-Phase: Bipolar circuit breaker, 1 A ≤ In ≤ 2 A, curve B or C, standards NBR

/ IEC 60947-2, NBR / IEC 60898 or IEEE 1015-2006.
17 | P a g e
The minimum insulation for the circuits connected to the AVR is 300 Vrms for equipment and auxiliary
transducers such as Pt-100 and for equipment with own power up to 50 Vrms.
The minimum insulation is 1.7 kVrms for equipment powered up to 300 Vrms, in accordance with IEC EN
61010-1.
These values are related to the intrinsic isolation of devices connected to the AVR. Cases where this
value does not apply to equipment or devices connected to the AVR will be explicitly reported in this
manual.
The AVR Voltage Regulator Relay offers the following inputs and outputs:
Figure 6 – Input and output terminals of the AVR.
Input Terminals
Table 2 - Input Terminals
INPUT TERMINALS
1) Auxiliary power input and ground: 17 – ground
Input for universal power input (38-265 Vdc/Vac, 8W, 50/60Hz). 18 – cc/ca
19 – cc/ca
2) RS485 Port - Scada: 22 – ( + )
Connection with the data acquisition system, protocol MODBUS-RTU, DNP 3.0 optional, 23 – ( - )
via shielded, twisted pair cable...
3) RS485 Port – AVR connections (Optional item no. 6): 20 – ( + )
Connection for communication with other AVR Voltage Regulator Relays, used only 21 – ( - )
when optional function for Parallelism by Circulating Current is available.
4) RS232 Port: DB9 Connector

Connection to external computer, for parameter definition and data acquisition. (rear panel)
5) Input for PT: 33 – (polarity)

Input for direct measuring of the secondary of the PT. Measuring range 0 to 160Vac 34 –
(0.5% accuracy from end of 50 to 140V scale).
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6) Input for CT: 35 – (polarity)
Input for measuring current of the CT secondary. Measuring range 0 to 10A. 36 –
7) Digital inputs: 24 – common

Input for remote selection of the Regulation Set (1 to 6) to be used in regulating 25, 26 and 27 –
voltage or Parallelism Group by Circulating Current (optional). BCD
30 –minimum tap
8) Tap reading (Optional items nos. 3 & 7): 31 – maximum tap
Input for measuring on load tap changer position through a potentiometric sensor. 32 – Cursor
1) Auxiliary Power Supply and Ground

The AVR has universal auxiliary power input (38 to 265 Vdc/Vac 50/60 Hz) that is independent of the PT reading
input. However, the PT’s own secondary voltage can be used to power the equipment, by way of an external
jumper connecting in parallel the measuring input and the one used for power input. In this case, the
equipment’s consumption of 8 W should be taken into account, as well as the PT’s power.
It is advisable to power the AVR using the substation’s auxiliary services, in particular when the device is
integrated in a serial communication network for the purpose of data capture for supervision or monitoring
systems.
2) RS485 Port – Supervisory System

The AVR can optionally be connected to a data acquisition system (supervision or monitoring system) using
the RS 485 serial communication port. Up to 31 devices can be connected to the same communication
network. The communication protocol used is Modbus RTU, with DNP 3.0 being available as optional protocol
(other protocols upon consultation). See Appendix F for communication protocol details.
The connection between the AVR and the data capture system must be made by way of shielded, twisted pair
cable, with the shielding having to be maintained unbroken along the entire length of the cable. If intermediate
connection terminals are necessary for connection of the serial network, pass the cable shielding on the
terminal as well, thus keeping it free of interruptions/breaks. The stretch of cable without shielding because
of the patch must be kept as short as possible. It is advisable to ground the cable shielding only at one of the
ends. A maximum distance of 1300 meters must be maintained between the ends of the communication
network.
A 120 ohm termination resistor must be installed at each end of the serial communication net, as well as pull-
up and pull-down resistors in just one point along the net, as shown in Figure 7. 5V direct voltage for powering
pull-up and pull-down resistors can be provided internally to the data acquisition system; note that some
communication systems may already have these resistors installed internally, eliminating the need for external
resistors.
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560W 120 W
560W
120 W
Figure 7 – Connection and grounding of shielding for RS485 serial communication in Data Acquisition
3) RS485 Port – Interconnection between AVRs

The RS485 communication port for linking AVRs is only connected when the Parallelism by Circulating Current
(optional item no. 6).
All AVRs participating or that may come to participate in parallelism control must be linked together by simply
connecting in parallel their RS485 connection ports using a shielded, twisted pair cable, keeping shield
uninterrupted during the whole cable length. If intermediate connection terminals are necessary for
connection of the serial network, pass the cable shielding on the terminal as well, thus keeping it unbroken.
The stretch of cable without shielding because of the patch must be kept as short as possible. It is advisable
to ground the cable shielding only at one of the ends, and that a 120-ohm termination resistor be installed at
each extreme of the serial communication, as shown in Figure 8. The RS485 connection ports are already
provided with internal pull-up and pull-down resistors, doing away with the need for external resistors. A
maximum distance of 1300 meters must be maintained between the ends of the communication network.
...
120 W 120 W
...
...
Figure 8 - Connection and grounding of shielding for RS485 serial communication port used in Parallelism
control (optional)
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4) RS232 Port
The RS232 port available on the rear of the AVR can be used as an alternative to the RS485 port described
above. RS485 and RS232 ports cannot be used simultaneously, the port to be used is the port selected in
programming the equipment. The RS 232 port uses the same communication protocols as the ones defined
above for the RS 485 port – supervision system. Consult Erro! Fonte de referência não encontrada. for
ommunication protocol details.
The limitations of the RS232 communication standard in relation to electro-magnetic interference must be
observed, maximum distance 50 feet (15 meters) and point to point communication (only 2 devices can be
connected to each other).
5) and 6) PT and CT measuring inputs

Measuring ranges for the PT inputs (potential transformer) and CT (current transformer) are 0 to 160 V and 0
to 10 A, respectively, with PT input calibration being guaranteed in the range 50 to 140V. Both inputs perform
measurements using the TRUE RMS mode.
Due care must be taken in connecting the CT input, in order to make sure it does not remain open with the
transformer in operation. If interventions are made to this circuit with the transformer energized, make sure
the CT is short-circuited and grounded at the panel terminal boxes. The short-circuit should only be removed
after making sure the AVR’s CT input is correctly connected.
There are several possible combinations for the connection of the PT and CT, and each combination generates
an angle difference between the signals for voltage and current. In programming the AVR, the phase difference
angle is adjusted for the signals between 0° and 330° in 30° steps, which must be compensated for the correct
calculation of the power factor.
Below a few examples of possible combinations are shown for connecting the PT and CT. Other combinations
are also possible, and the phase difference angle can be easily determined by drawing a phase vector diagram,
as shown in the examples.
Figure 9 - Single phase PT connection diagram, 0° phase difference angle
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Figure 10 - Phase/Neutral PT connection diagram, 0° phase difference angle
Figure 11 - Phase/phase PT connection diagrams, 0° phase difference angle
Figure 12 - Phase/phase PT connection diagram, 150° phase difference angle
22 | P a g e
7) Dry Contact Digital Input

The AVR dry contact digital input can be programmed by users to perform remotely one of the following
functions:
 Selection of voltage regulation parameters among the six sets available in the device , or
 Selection of parallelism group to which the AVR belongs, only when the optional item Parallelism by
Circulating Current is available.
Table 1 shows the way the AVR interprets contacts connected to this input for both of the deployment options
given above.
Contacts connected to these inputs must be free of any external potential, and are energized by way of the
AVR’s own internal potential, by way of a point common to all contacts (terminal 24).
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Table 3 - Selection of voltage regulation parameter set or parallelism group by external contact inputs
INPUT TERMINALS Parallelism Group

Regulation Set selected
27 26 25 selected
According to time-based
0 0 0 Individual Operation
Programming
0 0 1 1 Group 1
0 1 0 2 Group 2
0 1 1 3 Group 3
1 0 0 4 Not used
1 0 1 5 Not used
1 1 0 6 Not used
1 1 1 Not used Not used
Caption: 0 = contact open / 1 = contact closed
Observations:
- Common point: terminal 24
- Regulation Set or Parallelism Group must be selected by the user since both functions cannot be deployed
simultaneously.
8) Tap position reading (Optional items no. 3, 7)

Optionally AVRs can read the position of the tap and manually command of the OLTC. Tap position is read by
way of a purpose specific input on the AVR for connecting a potentiometric tap position sensor for the OLTC.
 Cabling for tap position read out

The connection between the potentiometric OLTC position sensor and the AVR is done through three leads:
the cursor, the beginning and end of the potentiometric sensor. The three leads must have the same length
and gauge. The lead used in this connection must be shielded along the entire distance between the tap
changer and the AVR, with the shielding grounded at a single point.
If the connection is established using more than one length of cable, due to, for example, an intermediate
terminal connection, shielding continuity must be ensured by connecting the ends of the shielding of the
different cables, as shown in Figure 15. The length of cable without shielding must be as short as possible.
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Figure 15 – Connection of shielding on tap position reading cables
The AVR compensates automatically for the resistance of the connection cables from the potentiometric
sensor to the AVR, and to this end, the three leads must be the same length and gauge, with maximum
admissible resistance for each cable being 8W. As a function of this maximum resistance and of the gauge of
the cables used, the maximum length for the leads can be calculated. Considering leads with typical resistances
of 13.3Wkm, 7.98Wkm and 4.95Wkm for the 1.5mm2, 2.5mm2 and 4mm2 gauge cables, respectively (cables
not tinned, cabling class 4), we will obtain the maximum lengths shown in the table below.
Table 4 - Maximum length for each lead gauge used in tap position read out cables
Wire Gauge Typical Resistance Maximum Length

0.5 mm2 39.0 Wkm 200 m
0.75 mm 2
26.0 Wkm 300 m
1 mm2 19.5 Wkm 400 m
1.5 mm2 13.3Wkm 600 m
2
2.5 mm 7.98Wkm 1000 m
4 mm2 4.95Wkm 1600 m
 Requirements for tap position reading sensor

The OLTC tap position sensor must be of potentiometric type, with resistance varying between zero and the
maximum value for the initial position and the end of the changer, respectively.
In case of tap changers with “intermediate” positions, i.e., transition positions having the same voltage as
other adjacent positions, as shown in the following table, resistors of the potentiometer sensor related to
these positions must be removed and/or short-circuited, as shown in the example of Figure 16. Every
intermediate position (in example, 6A, 6 and 6B) will be shown as tap “6”, since they have the same effective
voltage.
Table 5 - Resistance of the potentiometric tap position sensor.
Resistance between Cursor and

Tap position Voltage (V) Current (A)
Initial Position (example: 10W/step)
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1 12420 3220.6 0
2 12696 3150.6 10
3 12972 3083.6 20
4 13248 3019.3 30
5 13524 2957.7 40
6A 50
6 13800 2898.6 50
6B 50
7 14076 2841.7 60
8 14352 2787.1 70
9 14628 2734.5 80
10 14904 2683.8 90
11 15180 2635.0 100
Figure 16 – Configuration of resistors in the potentiometric sensor in intermediate positions of the OLTC
The AVR admits that the resistance for each step of the potentiometric sensor falls in the range of 4.7 to 20W,
and the total resistance of the sensor between 9.4 and 1000W. The value for each individual resistor is shown
in Figure 16. The moving contact (cursor) of the potentiometric sensor can be of either “closes before opens”
or “opens before closes” types, which is indifferent. The resistances of the potentiometric sensor must be of
the precision type, i.e., with error tolerances of 1% maximum.
Current Tap position of the OLTC associated can be informed in simple numeric, bilateral numeric or
alphabetical-numeric formats (for example, 1...17, -8...0...8, or 8L...N...8R respectively).
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Output Terminals
Table 6 - Output Terminals
OUTPUTS AVR TERMINALS

1) Current Loop output: 28 – ( + )
Output for remote voltage, current or tap position reading, selected through the program 29 – ( – )
menu. Output standard selected by software (0...1, 0...5, 0...10, 0...20 or 4...20 mA).
2) Increase voltage output: 1, 2

Dry contact NO for command of OLTC to raise voltage.
3) Reduce voltage output: 3, 4

Dry contact NO for command of OLTC to lower load.
4) Self-diagnostic relay: 15, 16

Dry contact NC for signaling internal AVR failure or to signal lack of auxiliary power input.
5 ,6 –Relay 3
5) Programmable signal relays: 7, 8 –Relay 4
Dry contacts (NO), with programmable function and operation mode (NO or NC), for signal, 9, 10 –Relay 5
alarm and blockage. 11, 12 –Relay 6
13, 14 –Relay 7
The characteristics of each output are given below.
1) Current Loop Output

The AVR features an analog output in current loop (mA), which can be programmed by users to offer a remote
reading of the value of the voltage or current measured. The output current can also be selected by the user
among the options 0-1mA, 0-5mA, 0-10mA, 0-20mA or 4-20mA. Maximum output load in current loop is 10V,
which results in the maximum loads in ohms shown in the table below:
Table 7 - Maximum load of current loop output
Output option Maximum Load Output option Maximum Load
0...1 mA 10000 W -1...+1 mA 10000 W
0...5 mA 2000 W -5...+5 mA 2000 W
0...10 mA 1000 W -10...+10 mA 1000 W
0...20 mA 500 W -20...+20 mA 500 W
4...20 mA 500 W - -
If the output is selected to read voltage, beginning and end of scale are, respectively, 0 and 150V, respectively,
for current reading, 0 and 10A, respectively, and for tap position reading, minimum and maximum tap,
respectively.
Shielded, twisted pair cables, grounded at one end should be used in order to minimize interference.
27 | P a g e
2) and 3) Raise/Lower Voltage Output Contacts
The AVR’s output contacts for Raising or Lowering Tap and/or voltage can be connected directly to the
command circuit for the OLTC, acting directly on the coils of Raise/Lower contactors, or may be connected to
the corresponding dry contact inputs of the Treetech’s PI Position Indicator or SPS Parallelism Supervisor.
These contacts are instant activated, so that for every tap change command issued by the AVR, they will close
for approximate time of 0.5 second.
The Raise/Lower voltage output contacts are able to commute loads up to 250Vdc or 250Vac, with maximum
power of 70W or 250VA, respectively (for resistive loads). Their continuous conduction capacity (thermal
current) is 5A.
Attention must be paid to the fact that output contacts 1-2 always have the function of raising voltage, and
output contacts 3-4 always have the function of lowering voltage, and that in some cases raising voltage can
mean lowering the tap position and reducing voltage can mean raising the tap.
4) Self-Diagnostic Relay
Potential free NC contact, signals failures in auxiliary power supply or any other internal failure detected by
self-diagnostic. On energizing the AVR, this contact changes state (open), and returns to the rest position
(closed) in the event of internal failure or power outage.
The self-diagnostic contacts are able to commute loads up to 250Vdc or 250Vac, with maximum power of 70W
or 250VA (for resistive loads). Their continuous conduction capacity (thermal current capacity) is 5A.
5) Programmable Output Relays

Five, normal open (NO), potential free contacts programmable by the user to indicate over-current (I>), under-
voltage (U<), and over-voltage (U>), in addition to the function of blocking the OLTC. The same contact can
signal more than one alarm by deploying an OR logic (for example, I< or U<).
The operation logic for the contacts is selected by the user in the options NO or NC (that is, close when the
alarm event occurs or open when it occurs). It is also possible to program more than one relay to signal the
same event (multiplication of contacts).
As mentioned above, one or more of the AVR’s contacts can be programmed for the function of blocking the
OLTC. The conditions that will activate the blockage of the OLTC (following an OR logic) are selected by users
among the events of: under-voltage, over-current or over-voltage.
Each programmable output contact is able to commute loads up to 250Vdc or 250Vac, with maximum power
of 70W or 250VA (for resistive loads), respectively. Their continuous conduction capacity (thermal current
capacity) is 5A.
2.4 Application Diagrams

Below there are two suggestions of wiring diagrams for the Voltage Regulator Relay AVR. The first one is for
use together with the changer, and the second one, for use with conventional command selection switches.
Please notice that in both applications, the output contact 5-6 (relay 3) must be programmed for the OLTC
blockage function and with normal open (NO) operation mode (0 . In these examples, this relay acts on the
coil of an auxiliary contactor that removes power from the command of the OLTC and interrupts commuting
in case of over-current or under-voltage, for example. This contact could also act interrupting the power supply
to the motor of the OLTC, acting on the coil of a power contactor, whose contacts are connected directly to
the power lead for the motor. Another possibility is using this contact to break directly the power supply to
28 | P a g e
the command of the OLTC, without an auxiliary contactor. In this case the relay should be programmed with
operation mode normal closed.
Figure 17 - AVR with tap position reading
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Figure 18 – AVR wiring diagram with external switches
If the optional function for Parallelism by Circulating Current is used, serial communication RS485 ports in
terminals 20 and 21 of all AVRs must be connected in parallel, as shown in figure 6(b).
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3 Operation
All reading consultations and programming operations for the Voltage Regulator Relay AVR are performed
using the display and keyboard on the front panel. Any eventual alarms are also displayed through the front
panel display.
Figure 19 – Front display of the AVR
3.1 Functions of Keys and LEDs:

Program Key: On reading screens, allows access to the password for the program menu. In
programming menus, exits current menu and return to the previous level menu. If pressed after
a parameter change, returns to the preceding level menu without saving the new value for the
parameter. Calendar Screen
Up Key: navigate between menus and parameters and increment values programmed.
Down Key: navigation between menus and parameters and decrement values programmed.
AVR
Enter Key: Select menus and parameters for display, saves values programmed.
21/07/04 Monday
10:37:51
LTC
I> U< U> Overshoot IC>
Raise/Lower Voltage Signaling

Over-current alarm P LEDs
Under-voltage alarm
Over-voltage alarm
OLTC Overshoot alarm
High Circulating Current alarm
Operation and Programming keypad
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3.2 Contrast Adjustment:
The AVR allows 7 levels of brightness on the display to be adjusted using the keyboard on the front panel.
Follow the steps below to adjust contrast:
01/27/04 Monday
On the initial readings screen, press the key: the contrast
10:37:51 adjustment screen will be displayed.
Use the keys: and to increase and reduce light

Adjust Contrast
intensity, respectively.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Press the or key to store the adjustment and the

display will return to the reading screen.
Figure 20 – Adjusting display brightness
3.3 Readings Screens

During regular operation, the AVR will display readings measured or date and time of the internal clock,
according to users programming.
Forms of display can be:
1) Default screen, user defined screen option;
2) Sequential format, where the reading screens are shown in sequence, at intervals of approximately
15 seconds;
3) Static format, where a given screen is displayed without change.
When the default or static display screen options are used, the AVR will intermittently invert (text in negative)
and normalize display pixels lighting with a view to avoiding the early wear of the display screen by displaying
the same message for long periods.
Regardless of the mode programmed, readings screens can be queried manually using the and keys.
Optional function screens are only displayed when the function is available. See Appendix C for possible
simultaneous optional item combinations.
32 | P a g e
PT secondary voltage 115.5V 1.65 A CT secondary current
Active regulation parameter set Reg: 2 Oper Hour Regulation parameter set selector
(hour, external contacts or standard)
Active power094.5MW 105.0MVA Apparent power

Reactive power 045.7MVAr 098.0% Transformer percent load
Line voltage at the transformer 169.50kV 115 A Line current

Frequency 60.00Hz PF: c0.999 Power factor (capacitive / indutive)
Uload: 169.32kV Calculated line voltage at the load

Deviation: 2% Load voltage deviation compared to reference
Days remaining for maintenance:

Warning I2: 0000d By sum of switched current Ipu²
Operations : 0000d By number of operations
Sum I2 since Sum of switched current Ipu² since last LTC

Maint.: 00.00x 10 3 maintenance
Sum I²: 0.00x10³ Total sum of switched current Ipu²

Optional 7
Avg. I2: 000.0/d Daily average of switched current Ipu²
Oper. since last Number of LTC operations since last LTC

maintenance
Mainten.: 000000
Nº Oper.: 000000 Total number of LTC operations

Avg. Oper.: 00.0/d Daily average of LTC operations
Group of parallel operation (1, 2, 3 Group:1 Ic: 0015A Transformer circulating current (at CT primary)
or Individual) - Optional 6
Uc: 000.1V Correction voltage for reduction of Ic
Minimum TAP: 01 Lowest tap position reached by LTC

Max imum TAP: 33 Highest tap position reached by LTC
Optional 3
TAP Position: 13 LTC present tap position

Previous TAP: 11 LTC previous tap position
12/17/07 Monday Date

21:15:30 Time
Figure 21 – Readings screens: variables shown on the display of the AVR
In case of any abnormal condition occurring, the corresponding self-diagnostic code will be shown on the
display (Chapter 5.1 – Self-diagnostic Messages – Probable Causes and Possible Solutions).
33 | P a g e
3.4 Alert screens
The AVR can display alert texts on the display for the purpose of informing users on the occurrence of certain
pre-programmed events, such as maintenance notices for the changer, alarms or parameter definition errors.
Alert texts and procedures to be adopted are shown below.
Maintenance Function for OLTC

The alert screens below are shown only if the Tap Changer Maintenance function (optional item no. 7) is
available.
OLTC Maintenance Notice in xxx Days due to Number of Operations LTC Mainten. No.
Oper in 999 days
Informs that, based on the daily average operations of the OLTC, the number
of operations required for maintenance will be reached in the number of days
shown, which is smaller than the figure programmed in parameter
“Maintenance Warning (days in advance)”.
The notice can be acknowledged and deactivated by simultaneously pressing

Ack. Maintenance
the and keys. The question “Acknowledge Maintenance Warning?” Warning?
will be displayed with the option “No” as standard. In order to confirm
deactivation of notice, select option “yes” and press the enter key.
Regardless of the above acknowledgement sequence being performed, when

the number of operations to maintenance is reached a new notice will be
issued, “Perform OLTC Maintenance”, as described below.
OLTC Maintenance Notice in xxx Days due to Sum of Ipu2 LTC Mainten. Sum
Ipu 2 in 999 days
Informs that, based on the daily average of the increase in Sum of Current
Switched Squared, the sum of switched current for maintenance will be
reached in the number of days shown, which is smaller than the figure
programmed in parameter “Maintenance Warning (days in advance)”.
The notice can be acknowledged and deactivated by simultaneously pressing

Ack. Maintenance
the and keys. The question “Acknowledge Maintenance Warning?” Warning?
will be displayed with the option “No” as standard. In order to confirm
deactivation of notice, select option “yes” and press the enter key.
Regardless of the above acknowledgement sequence being performed, when

the number of operations to maintenance is reached a new notice will be
issued, “Perform OLTC Maintenance”, as described below.
Perform OLTC Maintenance Perform LTC

Maintenance
Informs that, for at least one of the criteria, the threshold was reached for
maintenance of the OLTC, by number of operations or sum of current
switched squared.
After performing the required maintenance on the OLTC, this must be

informed to the AVR by simultaneously pressing the and key. The LTC Maintenance
question “OLTC Maintenance performed?” will be displayed with the option Performed?
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“No” as standard. In order to confirm that maintenance was effectively
performed and deactivate the notice, select “Yes” and press the enter key.
ATTENTION: This operation must not be carried out unless the maintenance
has been effectively performed, since all counters for “Operations since Last
Maintenance” and “Sum of I2 after Last Maintenance” will automatically be
reset to zero.
Alerts in Parallelism by Circulating Current Function

The alert screens shown below will be displayed only if the Parallelism by Circulating Current Function
(optional item no. 6) is available.
High Circulating Current Circulating

Current High
Informs the occurrence of Circulating Current above the threshold value
programmed for alarm. When this notice is displayed, users must check if
OLTCs in transformers in parallel are in very discrepant tap positions. If so,
causes for the event must be investigated, such as incorrect setting for
Correction Gain or a defective OLTC.
The notice is automatically removed after the circulating current is restored

to normal; there is no need for user acknowledgement.
Regulation Parameter Setting Error Wrong Regulation

Parameters Error
Informs that the transformers selected for operation in parallel (in the same
parallelism group) have at least one of the following regulation parameters
adjusted with different values:
 Reference Voltage multiplied by the PT Ratio (Reference Voltage

referred to PT high voltage side), with maximum difference of 0.1%.
 Timer type
 Type of Line Drop Compensation
 Voltage Drop Ur
 Voltage Drop Ux
 Z Compensation
 Compensation Limit
 Deviations (timer steps 1, 2 and 3)
 Raise Time Delays (timer steps 1, 2 and 3)
 Lower Time Delays (timer steps 1, 2 and 3)
Note that comparison between the parameters above in the different relays
is carried out considering the Regulation Set (from 1 to 6) currently active.
The Notice is automatically withdrawn after correction of voltage regulation

parameters.
35 | P a g e
3.5 Command of On Load Tap Changer (Optional items No. 3 & 6)
The AVR can be equipped with optional resources for Tap Position Reading and control of OLTC (optional item
no. 3) and control of Transformer Parallelism by Circulating Current (optional item no. 6).
The optional feature Tap Position Reading allows the OLTC to be commanded in the automatic mode,
according to the regulation parameters programmed; or manually, using the keys located in the device’s front
panel.
The optional feature of Parallelism by Circulating Current allows transformers in parallel to be programmed,
split into up to 3 independent groups.
With one of the optional items enabled, momentarily pressing the key will access the OLTC operation
command menu. Press the or keys to navigate between the command parameters OOLTC Operation,
Parallelism, Operation Mode, Reset Minimum Tap and Reset Maximum Tap.
Operation of OLTC (optional items 3 or 6)

Allows the AVR operating mode to be selected between Remote or Local
command modes.
 Remote: AVR will be enabled to receive raise / lower tap commands

and Automatic/Manual and Parallelism Group commands using the
RS485 serial communication network or external contacts. In this
condition, the AVR does not accept commands given through the
keyboard.
 Local: the AVR will be enabled to receive raise / lower tap commands
and Automatic/Manual and Parallelism Group commands using the
keyboard, ignoring commands arriving via RS485 serial
communication or external contacts.
Parallelism (optional item no. 6)

.
Allows selection of the parallel operation mode for the transformer, as well
as the parallelism group of which it is part:
 Individual: transformer is not in parallel with any other.

 Group 01: transformer is in parallel with the other transformers
comprising group 1.

comprising group 2.

comprising group 3.
36 | P a g e
Mode of Operation (optional item no. 3)
Allows selection of OLTC command mode between Automatic and Manual.
 Automatic: commands are issued automatically based on regulation

parameter values set.
 Manual: user can issue raise or lower tap commands, using the device
panel keyboard or serial communication. In this case automatic
command is locked out.
Observation: When the AVR is selected for operating within any of the
Parallelism by Circulating Current groups, it is not possible to select the
Manual Operation Mode. Selection of the Operation Mode is automatically
defined to Automatic.
Reset Minimum Tap (optional item no. 3)

Resets register for minimum tap position reached.
Reset Maximum Tap (optional item no. 3)

Resets register for maximum tap position reached.
Command Raise/ lower Tap Position

By selecting the Manual command mode, users can issue commands to raise or lower tap position, using the
keyboard on the AVR front panel. In order to prevent accidental commands, each command requires pressing
a set key sequence, to enable the command.
Manual commands will not be executed if the AVR operation mode selected is Automatic. The AVR will not
issue the raise or lower tap command if the changer is already at the programmed maximum or minimum
allowed tap position, respectively.
If AVR operation mode selected is Remote, a notice screen will be displayed with the message “OLTC Operation
on Remote” when an attempt is made to access the manual command screen. Following which, the
Local/Remote selection screen will be automatically displayed.
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169,50kV 115 A OLTC TAP Command
60,00Hz FP: 0.999 Raise ↑ ? ↓ Lower
The manual command screen is

Press and hold the key while
shown. Press key to raise TAP or
pressing the key
key to lower TAP.
Repeat this procedure to perform

additional commands to raise/lower
tap position
ATTENTION: The “Manual”

TAP Position: 11 command refers to raising or
Previous Tap: 10
lowering tap position. The
correspondence between
raise/lower tap position and
raise/lower voltage must be
checked
AVR will perform the command

and show the present tap position.
Figure 22 – Procedure for manual Raise/Lower tap position command
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3.6 Parameter Definition Menus
In order to ensure the correct operation of the system, ideal operation of the OLTC and its protection, the
different parameters of the AVR must be adjusted to supply the equipment with the necessary operating
information. Adjustments may be performed by way of the front keyboard, using the display, or by deploying
parameter programming software, using the RS232 or RS485 serial communication ports, available for the
user on the device’s rear panel.
The programmable parameters are organized in different submenus, inserted into a main password-protected
programming menu. Within each submenu, users will have access to a set of programmable parameters that
must be adjusted in accordance with each application’s needs and the transformer/regulator’s characteristics.
Follow the procedure outlined below for access to the parameter definition menu of the AVR:
169.50kV 115 A Enter Password

60.00Hz FP: 0,999 421
1 – In any measurement Reading 2 – The password screen is shown.

screen, press and hold for 5
seconds.
3 – Using the and keys, set the access password for the main menu. Factory set
default value is 0 and the password can then be changed by user (Configuration Menu).
Enter Password XXXRegulationXX

000 Configuration
4 – After setting password, press to 5 – Available submenus are displayed, two at a

confirm and access programming time. Use and keys to move among
menus.
them. Press to access a submenu.
Figure 23 – Access to parameter definition submenus
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There are eight standard submenus and two optional ones, which will only be displayed when the feature is
available:
 Regulation,  Alarms,
 Configuration,  Relays,
 Set Clock,  OLTC (optional),
 Transformer,  Factory Only,
 Circulating Current (optional),  Download.
The Factory Only submenu is used only by technical assistance services and access is blocked by exclusive
manufacturer password. The Download submenu is used for up-dating the AVR’s firmware, and is also
protected by access password to avoid accidental access. Consult Treetech in case of need to update your
AVR’s firmware.
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Screensaver
Figure 24 – Submenu Access framework.
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 To Access a Submenu or Parameter
- Within the main menu, use the and/or keys to navigate among the submenus available;
- Use the key to access a submenu;
- To return to the previous menu level use the key;
Optional menus are only displayed when the respective function is enabled.
 After accessing the desired submenu :
- Within a submenu, use the and key to navigate among its parameters;
- Press to select the parameter desired for adjustment;
- Use the or keys to set the value desired for the parameter;
- Press save any changes made to the parameter;
- Use to exit parameter and return to the menu, without saving any changes made to the parameter.
Regulation Submenu
Allows access to all parameters related to voltage regulation.
Regulation
With the display showing Regulation menu in highlight, press .
The Regulation Set submenu will be displayed.
Select the desired set using the or keys and press the key.
After selected, the Regulation Set number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) will remain
fixed at the beginning of display’s second line in every parameter of this
Submenu.
The AVR offers 6 sets of parameter for voltage regulation. The sets are numbered from 1 to 6.
This allows pre-programming the AVR’s regulation parameters to meet the different conditions of the power
system. Thus, different levels of regulation can be programmed for load peak and low load periods, for
example.
The parameters in Regulation Set 1 must be programmed, since this set is used as default by the AVR whenever
no other set is selected to operate. Programming the other Regulation Set s (2 to 6) is optional, and if they
have not been programmed, program “OFF” in the “Operating Hours” parameter.
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Regulation Sets 2 to 6 can be activated by programming the hour range for each set, informing day of the
week, hour and minute for beginning and end of operation of each Set (see parameter Operating Hours) These
sets can also be activated by way of the external dry contacts. Selection made by dry contacts will always have
priority over programmed Operating Hours activation. When Regulation Sets 2 to 6 are not active, by dry
contact or programming, the device will use Set 1 as default.
Adjusting the Parameters required in each Regulation Set.
Reference Voltage
This is the theoretical voltage that we wish to maintain on the load, referred
to the secondary of the measurement PT, that is:
Desired Voltage on the Load

Reference Voltage =
PT Ratio
Example:
 Desired voltage on load = 13200 V

 PT ratio = 13800V / 115V = 120
 Reference voltage = 13200V / 120 = 110V
Adjustment range: 50 to 140 Vac, in 0.1 V increments.
Timing Type
The timer resource is used to avoid unnecessary tap changes during
momentary voltage fluctuations, such as for example during the start up of a
large motor.
This parameter allows us to choose between two types of timers:
 Defined: where the time to begin an OLTC operation (after the

detection of voltage deviation higher than insensitivity) are always
equal to the values adjusted in the parameter “Timing Steps”
obeying the deviation ranges selected;
 Inverse: where the time to begin an OLTC operation varies in inverse

proportion to the measured voltage deviation compared to the
reference voltage (the higher the difference between measured
voltage and the programmed Reference voltage, the shorter the time
for the command to operate the OLTC). Usually used for quick
voltage regulation for the event of major deviations.
The timer effectively applied by the AVR in Inverse mode after detection of a
voltage deviation larger than insensitivity will be given by:
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Programmed Bandwidth
Effective Time = Programmed Time .
Measured Deviation
Where,
“Programmed Time” will be the value programmed for the parameter “Time
to Raise”, if the deviation measured is negative, or the adjustment set on
“Time to Lower”, if the deviation measured is positive, both in Timer Step 1;
“Programmed Bandwidth” is the value programmed in the parameter

“Deviation” of Timer Step 1.
Second Time Delay

The time for the first operation of the OLTC will be adjusted in the parameter
“Timing Step”. If a single tap change is not enough for measured voltage to
return to the adjusted bandwidth, the AVR will use the value adjusted at
“Second Time Delay” as the time interval for the ensuing commands to the
OLTC.
Adjustment Range: 2 to 180 seconds, in 01 second increments.
Line Drop Compensation Type

Line drop compensation is a resource in the AVR that allows load voltage (and
not voltage at transformer output) to be maintained within the limits set,
taking into account line voltage drops between transformer and load given
the resistance and reactance of the respective line. The AVR calculates load
voltage using readings taken at the output of the transformer and the load
current, in addition to the line parameters programmed. The AVR offers two,
user-programmable line voltage drop compensation methods:
 RX, usually used in systems where line drop voltage is more

significant, therefore requiring more accurate compensation. For
this type of compensation, the line parameters must be known:
Resistance (R) and Reactance (X). When the RX method is selected,
the parameters “Ur” and “Ux” must be programmed (see ahead).
The “Z Compensation” parameter will have no influence in regulating
the voltage;
 Z: this is a simplified method, where an overall percentage of line

drop voltage is programmed, instead of the individual parameters Ur
and Ux. It does not offer the same accuracy as the RX method
because of not taking into account variations in the load power
factor, which cause alterations in the percentage of line drop.
However, for applications where the power factor does not undergo
significant variation, or if the voltage drop is low, this method can
have satisfactory results, with the advantage of the simplified
adjustment needs. When method Z is selected, the parameter “Z
compensation” must be programmed (see ahead). Parameters “Ur”
and “Ux” will have no effect on regulating voltage.
44 | P a g e
Voltage Drop Ur
This parameter will only be used in regulating voltage if the “LDC Type”
parameter has been set to “RX”. This is the resistive component of the line
voltage drop, in Volts, referred to the secondary of the PT and adjusted for
the rated current of the AVR (5A).
CT Ratio
Ur = 5 . R .
PT Ratio
Where,
“R” is the resistance of the line between the transformer and the load in
ohms;
Adjustment Range: -25 to + 25V, in 0.1V increments.
Voltage Drop Ux
parameter has been set to “RX”. This is the reactive component of the line
voltage drop as a function of line reactance, referred to the secondary of the
PT and adjusted for the rated current of the AVR (5A).
CT Ratio
Ux = 5 . X .
PT Ratio
Where,
“X” is the reactance of the line between the transformer and the load in
ohms.
Adjustment Range: -25 to + 25V, in 0.1V increments
Z Compensation
parameter has been set to “Z Compensation”. This is the line drop voltage as
a percentage of the transformer output voltage, adjusted for the rated
current of the AVR (5A). The adjustment of Compensation Z can be obtained
experimentally, by measuring simultaneously the transformer output
voltage, the voltage at the load and the load current, and using this data in
the formula below:
Voltage at Transformer– Voltage at Load 5 . CT Ratio

Z Comp = 100. .
Voltage at Transformer Load Current
Adjustment Range: 0 to 15%, in 0.1% increments
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Compensation Limit
When performing line drop compensation, the AVR will cause transformer
output voltage to rise, for the purpose of keeping load voltage within the
bandwidth limits. This rise in voltage will be proportional to the load current,
so that very high load currents might lead to high rises of transformer output
voltage, which could be harmful for those loads close to the transformer. To
keep this from happening, the parameter “Compensation Limit” is
programmed establishing an upper limit for the voltage rise expressed as a
percentage of the Reference Voltage.
Timing Steps
This submenu adjusts the deviation (or Bandwidth) permitted for voltage
regulation, that is, the deviation of voltage at the load, given as a percentage
of Reference Voltage, which when breached triggers count down for the first
operation of the OLTC (time delay to raise or time delay to lower voltage).
The AVR offers up to three different Deviation Steps, each one with its own
adjustments for the Time to Raise and Time to Lower voltage.
On accessing the Timing Step submenu, the Select Step screen will be
displayed, where users choose out of step options 1, 2 or 3. Step
programming must start by programming Step 1. Each of the steps has the
following parameters:
 Deviation: percent deviation between Reference Voltage

(programmed) and measured Load Voltage, which when exceeded
starts countdown of the times to raise or time to lower voltage,
programmed below.
 Time to Raise: Time delay set for the first raise voltage command to
the OLTC (see also parameter Timing Type).
Adjustment Range: 0 to 180 seconds, in 1 second increments.
 Time to lower: Time delay set for the first lower voltage command to
the OLTC (see also parameter Timing Type).
Adjustment Range: 0 a 180 seconds, in steps of 1 sec.
46 | P a g e
The adjustment for Deviation in step 1 must not be smaller than half of the
voltage step (voltage difference between two consecutive taps) of the load
tap changer, in order to avoid OLTC instability:
Voltage Step
Deviation 1 > 50% .
Reference Voltage . PT Ratio
Example:
 OLTC Voltage Step: 172.5 V

 PT Ratio = 13800V/115V = 120
 Reference Voltage = 13200V/120 = 110V
 Deviation 1 > 50% . 172,5V/ (110V . 120)
 Deviation 1 > 0.65%
The adjustment of the Deviation for each one of the Timing Steps 1,2 and 3
interacts with the others as follows:
In setting the deviation allowed for the first step, this defines the lower limit
for the adjustment range of the Second Step, which in its turn will define the
beginning of the adjustment range for the third Step. For instance:
Initially Deviation Step 1 is set, with an adjustment range of 0-10%. Let’s

suppose the adjustment has been set at 3%;
Then Deviation Step 2 will be set, with its adjustment range beginning in 3%,
and going to 10%. Let’s suppose this was set at 5%
Finally, Deviation Step 3 is adjusted, whose range will begin at 5% and go to

10%. This time the adjustment was set at 8%.
Once the 3 Steps have been adjusted as shown above, let’s suppose we need
to go back and change the value of the Deviation for Step 2, initially set at
5%. Since the Deviations for Steps 1 and 3 are set to 3% and 8%, respectively,
this time the adjustment range for Step 2 is 3% to 8%. If a value lower than
3% needs to be set, for example 2%, then we must first go to Step 1 and
adjust its step deviation value to a value lower than 2%.
This way different Time Bands are created to activate the OLTC, as a function
of the voltage deviation amplitude. Please remember that the three timer
steps will only be effective if Timer Type is selected for Defined Timing.
Otherwise, if Inverse Timing is selected as the Timing Type option, then only
47 | P a g e
the adjustment set for Timer Step 1 will be effectively used in operating the
AVR.
Operation Hours
Actuation of Regulation Sets 2 to 6 can be done by programming a time band
for each set, with hour and minute of beginning (adjustments to the left of
the display), hour and minute of end (adjustments to the right of the display)
and days of the week in which the time band should be actuated for each
set.
 ON: For the regulation parameter set to be used at the scheduled

times, “ON” must be selected in the center of the display and times
(00:00-23:59) for beginning and end of operation filled in.
 OFF: If the regulation parameter set is not being used, this same
parameter should be set to “OFF”.
To select or deselect the days of the week, use the enter key to take the
cursor to the day chosen and then press the UP or DOWN key. The selection
will be confirmed when a horizontal arrow is displayed. Repeat the
operation for the other desired days of the week.
Sets 2 to 6 can also be activated using the external dry contacts, and in this
case, selection made by way of the dry contacts will have priority over
programmed times. When Sets 2 to 6 are not activated by way of the dry
contacts or programming, then Set 1 will be used by default.
Submenu Configuration
Allows access to all parameters related to the AVR’s general operating configurations.
With the display highlighting the Configuration submenu, press .
Setting Parameters
Language
Selection of the language used by the device to display information:
 Portuguese,
 English,
 Spanish.
mA Output Range
The analog current loop output can be programmed using this parameter
in the following ranges.
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Adjustment 1) 0...1 mA 4) - 5...+5 mA 7) 0...20mA
Range:
2) - 1...+1 mA 5) 0...10mA 8) - 20...+20 mA
3) 0...5 mA 6) - 10...+10 mA 9) 4...20 mA
Analog Variable
The current loop output (configuration defined above) can be configured
for remote display of the following readings taken by the device:
 Voltage (0...150 Vac): Voltage measured on the secondary of the PT
 Amperes (0...10 A): current measured on the secondary of the CT
 Tap Position: OLTC tap position.
Screensaver
It allows the user to parameterize the amount of time for the AVR enter
power-saving mode (minimum contrast) if no key is pressed. Pressing any
key, the device returns to the programmed screen contrast mode.
Adjustment Range: 1 to 15, in increments of 1 minute
Default Screen
Selects screen to be displayed automatically by the AVR equipment is on
Screensaver mode. The options in this case are:
 ULoad/Deviation  Current/Previous Tap position
 Line Voltage/Line Current  Min/Max Taps reached
 Powers  Parallelism Group
 PT/CT  OLTC Maintenance
 Clock
Communication Standard
The AVR has two serial communication ports (RS232 and RS485) available
for users for parameter definition and remote data capture. The two
channels are not active simultaneously and the communication port that
will be used is selected using parameter “Communication Standard”, with
the options being:
 RS-232 = use serial RS232 (rear connector DB9)
 RS-485 = use serial RS485 (terminals 20 e 21).
Communication Protocol – Optional No. 1
If the optional DNP3.0 communication protocol is available, allows
selection of the protocol used for communication with the data acquisition
or parameter definition systems (otherwise Modbus RTU is the standard
protocol):
 MODBUS RTU
 DNP 3.0
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Communication Address
Defines the address of the AVR in RS232 or RS485 communication ports,
used in communication with data acquisition and parameter definition
systems.
Adjustment Range: 1 to 247, in increments of 1
Baud Rate
Selects transmission speed (baud rate) for serial communication ports
RS232 and RS485, among the options:
 9600 bps
 19200 bps
 38400 bps
Parallelism Address – Optional No. 6
Defines the address of the AVR at the RS485 serial communication port
used to link the several different AVRs deployed in the Parallelism by
Circulating Current function (optional no. 6).
Each AVR in the communication network must have a unique and
sequential address, starting by 3 and rising in increments of 3. For example,
in a 3-transformer parallelism, AVRs will have addresses 3, 6 and 9.
Number of Nodes – Optional item No. 6
Programmed only in the AVR whose address is 3 in parameter “Parallelism
Address”. Defines total number of AVRs on the RS485 communication net
connecting the different AVRs for the Parallelism by Circulating Current
function (optional no. 6).
Contact Input – Optional Item No. 6
Defines the functions of external dry contact inputs (terminals 24 to 27,
see Chapter 3.3.1). Programming options:
 Regulation – Selection of active set of voltage regulation parameters
 Parallelism – Selection of Parallelism by Circulating Current group to
which the AVR belongs.
Mass Memory – Optional Item No. 2
This item is optional and will only be displayed if available. It records the
readings taken, at user-defined interval, for user-defined variables (up to
30 variables), and the recording mode for each variable.
AVRs have 15,429 registers available for storage of the variables selected
by the user. The number of registers used in each recording will be the
number of variables the user wishes to store in the event LOG plus 8:
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No. of registers = n+8
Where,
n is the number of variables selected by user.
For example:
If the number of variables selected for recording on the event log is 20, we
will have:
No. of registers = 20+8 = 28
In this example, the AVR storage capacity will be:
Total Registers Available 15429
Storage Capacity = = = 551 records
No. of Registers 28
The interval between recordings on the event LOG is user defined. To

calculate the approximate number of recording days before the memory is
full, just divide the storage capacity by the number of daily recordings.
Continuing with the example given above, and presuming 24 recordings a
day (recording interval 1 hour):
Storage Capacity 551
Recording Days = =  23 days
Record per Day 24
The number of records per day may vary due to additional records
triggered by events such as alarms or tap changes. When the maximum
number of registers is reached, the older registers begin to be discarded.
The options available to configure the operation of this optional item are:
 Enable Recording: users can determine whether or not data will be
recorded on the data base.
 Recording Interval: variables selected will be stored in time intervals
stipulated by the user, which can range between 1 and 120
minutes.
 Choose Variable s: the AVR allows storage of up to 30 variables in the
data base. For each variable, one of the 14 magnitudes measured
can be attributed. The same magnitude can be attributed to more
than one variable, thus allowing different values for the same
magnitude to be recorded, according to the recording mode
selected (see next item). The following magnitudes can be
attributed to each variable:
1) None 7) Power Factor 13) CT Current

2) Load Voltage 8) Active Power 14) Tap Position
3) Voltage Deviation 9) Reactive Power 15) Circulating Current
4) Line Voltage 10) Apparent Power 16) Correction Voltage
5) Line current 11) % load 17) Parallelism Group
6) Frequency Hz 12) PT Voltage
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 Recording Mode: user can select for each variable the type of
measurement to be recorded don the data base, which can be:
- Instant Value,
- Average Value,
- Minimum Value
- Maximum Value
 Reset Log: allows user to erase all data in AVR’s mass memory. The
operation must be confirmed by selecting YES and pressing the
enter key.
New Password
The AVR leaves the factory with the standard menu access password
“000”. This parameter is used to define the new menu access password.
Note: The initial number shown in the access to programming menus can
be used to recover the password, when it is lost (see item 0-
Parameter Definition ). Inform this number to our Technical Assistance
Dept., for decoding your password.
Submenu Clock Set

Sets the AVR’s internal time and date.
With the display showing Clock Set in highlight, press
Set Clock
Use the keys and to adjust the value for the field highlighted, then
press to navigate between the fields day, month, year, hour and minute.
Once the adjustments are finished, press to return to the main menu, at
which point the clock will restart with seconds set on 00.
The date format is defined as a function of the language setting selected in
the Submenu Configuration:
 Portuguese and Spanish: DD/MM/YY,
 English: MM/DD/YY.
The AVR automatically calculates the day of the week.
Submenu Transformer
Allows access to all parameters related to the characteristics of the transformer and PT and CT circuits used in
performing measurements.
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With the display showing the Transformer menu in highlight, press .
The parameters listed below are available for configuration:
CT/PT Phase Shift

There are several possible connection combinations between PT and CT to
AVR, and each combination generates an angular shift between the voltage
and current signals. This parameter adjusts the phase angle shift between
the voltage measured by the PT and the current measured by the CT. This
value is used in calculating the power factor. Consult chapter 3.3.1, items 5)
and 6) T measurement inputs for information and examples of the possible
connection combinations.
Adjustment Range: 0° to 330° in 30° steps
Number of Phases
For the purpose of calculating the active, reactive and apparent powers, the
type of transformer to which the AVR is connected must be informed:
 Single-phase
 Three-phase.
In case of a 3-single phase transformer bank, the option three-phase should
be selected so that the AVR will inform the powers for the bank and not just
one of its phases.
Transformer Rated Power
In order to calculate the transformer’s percentage load, the AVR requires
the transformer’s rated power (or the rated power of the transformer bank).
Adjustment Range: 0 to 999.9 MVA, in 0.1 MVA steps.
PT Ratio
Adjustment of the PT’s transformation ratio obtained by dividing the voltage
on the primary winding of the PT by the voltage on its secondary winding.
Example:
Considering the voltage of the primary winding 138kV and the voltage of the
secondary winding 115V, we obtain the PT’s transformation ratio:
13800V
PT Ratio = = 120
115V
Adjustment Range: 0 to 9999, in increments of 1.
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CT Ratio
Adjustment of the CT’s transformation ratio, obtained by dividing the
current on the primary by the current on the secondary winding of the CT.
Example:
Considering the current on the primary winding of the CT 2500A and the
current on its secondary 5A, we obtain the CT’s transformation ratio:
250A
CT Ratio = = 50
5A
Adjustment Range: 0 to 9999, in increments of 1.

Transformer Impedance – Optional Item No. 6
Adjustment of transformer impedance for optional item Parallelism by
Circulating Current.
The impedance must be programmed considering the same base voltage

and power in the AVRs of all transformers in parallel. To do this, in
necessary, base changes must be calculated, using the formula:
VOLD BASE 2 PNEW BASE

ZNEW BASE = ZOLD BASE. .
POLD BASE VNEW BASE 2
Adjustment Range: 0.1 to 99.9%, in 0.1% increments.
Submenu Circulating Current– Optional item no. 6

Allows adjusting operating parameters for Parallelism by Circulating Current.
With the display highlighting submenu Circulating Current, press .
The parameters used in the configuration menu Circulating Current are listed below:
Gain
Define the Gain to be used in calculating correction voltage, proportional to
the Circulating Current of transformers in parallel, which is added to the
voltage measured to achieve reduction of circulating current, in a process of
negative feedback.
As the gain is adjusted, the correction voltage for the existing situation is up-
dated in the lower line of the display.
The ideal value for the Gain can be determined experimentally, using the
following procedure:
1) Select manual command mode in the OLTC control cabinet and take
them to tap positions with equivalent voltages (null Circulating Current
between transformers) and for which the load voltage is within the
bandwidth (raise/lower voltage LEDs on AVR are off);
54 | P a g e
2) Select in the front panel of AVRs the same parallelism group for all
transformers in parallel;
3) Increase or reduce tap position in one of the tap changers, causing the
appearance of a circulating current;
4) Gradually increase the value of the gain on the AVR for this OLTC,
starting at 0%, until the LED for raise or lower voltage starts flashing. If
in the previous item, the tap change was in the direction of raising
voltage, the lower voltage LED should flash, and vice-versa;
5) Multiply by 1.1 the value of the gain obtained in the previous item and
use the result to adjust the parameter Gain;
6) Carry out 2 tap changes in the OLTC, in the opposite direction to what
was done in item 3, in order to invert the direction of the current
circulation. Check if raise/lower voltage LEDs inverts (if lower LED was
previously flashing, now the raise LED should be flashing, and vice-
versa). If no LED flashes, increment the Gain value until this happens.
Multiply by 1.1 the value of the gain obtained and use the result to
readjust the parameter Gain;
7) Normalize the tap changer’s position (null Circulating Current between
transformers) and repeat procedure above for all other transformers in
parallel.
Adjustment Range: 10 to 99% of Rated Voltage, in 1% increments.
Submenu Alarms
Adjusts alarm trigger values and defines signaling relay operation modes.
With the display showing the menu Alarms in highlight, press .
The parameters used in configuration of the Alarms menu are listed below:
U< Alarm
The under-voltage alarm signals an excessive voltage drop measured on the
PT. This drop can be caused, for example, by a short-circuit.
This alarm is issued when the voltage measured on the secondary of the PT
presents a value lower or equal to the value set in the parameter Alarm U<,
expressed as a percentage of the adjusted Reference Voltage.
To avoid false alarms during de-energizing of the transformer, the U< alarm
will not be triggered if voltage drops below 10% of Reference Voltage.
In order to prevent the AVR from operating the OLTC to try to increase the
voltage in a short circuit, the U< alarm can be used to block the OLTC in
parameter OLTC Blocking.
Adjustment Range: 10 to 99% of Reference Voltage, in 1% increments.
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U< Relay Alarm
The under-voltage alarm can be signaled remotely using one or more of the
AVR’s output contacts, among the options relay 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
In order to change the program set for a relay, use the enter key to take the
cursor to the desired relay and press the Up Key to select it or the Down key
to cancel the selection. Horizontal arrows indicate the relays selected.
The same relay selected for the alarm U< can also be used to signal other
alarm conditions, for example, Alarm I>.
U< Alarm Time Delay

Allows to set a time delay for the Under-Voltage Alarm, which will only be
triggered if the voltage is kept below the value set for the parameter Alarm
U< for a time longer than the adjusted.
This avoids unnecessary actuation of the alarm due to short duration events
like transients in the power system, for example. Timing is not applied to
blockage of the OLTC for under-voltage, if selected, since this is
instantaneous.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 200 seconds, in 1s increments.
U> Alarm
The over-voltage alarm signals an excessively high voltage measured on the
PT.
This alarm is issued when the voltage measured on the secondary of the PT
presents a value higher or equal to the value set in the parameter Alarm U>,
expressed as a percentage of the adjusted Reference Voltage. This condition
can be harmful to loads connected to the transformer.
In the event of over-voltage, the AVR can operate immediately the OLTC in
an attempt to lower the voltage, ignoring the timer settings. If ignoring this
fast operation is desired, users can select the U> alarm as a condition for
blockage of the tap changer in parameter OLTC Blocking.
Adjustment Range: 101 to 199% of Reference Voltage, in 1% increments.
U> Alarm Relay
The over-voltage alarm can be signaled remotely using one or more of the
The same relay selected for the alarm U> can also be used to signal other
alarm conditions, for example, I> Alarm.
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U> Alarm Time Delay
Allows to set a time delay for the Over-Voltage Alarm, which will only be
actuated if the voltage is kept above the value set for the parameter Alarm
U> for a time longer than the time defined.
This avoids unnecessary actuation of the alarm due to short duration events
like transients in the power system, for example. Timing is not applied to
blockage of the OLTC for over-voltage, nor for fast voltage reduction, if
selected, since these are instantaneous.
I> Alarm
The over-current alarm is issued when, due to a short-circuit or overload,
the current measured in the secondary of the CT presents a value higher or
equal to the one set in the parameter for I> Alarm, expressed as a
percentage of the Rated Current for the AVR (5A).
Operating the OLTC under high currents can be harmful to the device’s
contacts. In order to prevent the AVR from actuating the tap changer to try
to raise or lower the voltage during a short-circuit, users can select the I>
Alarm as condition for blockage of the OLTC in parameter OLTC Blocking.
Adjustment Range: 10 to 200% of AVR’s rated current (5A), in 1%
increments.
I> Relay Alarm

The over-current alarm can be signaled remotely using one or more of the
The same relay selected for the I> Alarm can also be used to signal other
alarm conditions, for example, U< Alarm.
I> Alarm Time Delay

Allows setting a time delay for the Over-Current Alarm, which will only be
actuated if the current measured is above the value set for the parameter
I> Alarm for a time longer than the time defined.
This avoids unnecessary actuation of the alarm due to short duration events.
Timing is not applied to blockage of the OLTC for over-current, if selected,
since this is instantaneous.
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High Circulating Current Alarm – Optional Item No. 6
Defines the value set for the High Circulating Current alarm between the
transformers in parallel, caused by excessive divergence between the taps
of the transformers.
Adjustment Range: 1 to 1000A, in 1A increments.
High Circulating Current Alarm Time Delay – Optional Item No. 6
Allows setting a timer for actuation of the High Circulating Current Alarm,
which will only be actuated if the circulating current measured is above the
value set for the parameter Alarm High Circulating Current for time longer
than the time defined.
This avoids unnecessary actuation of the alarm due to short duration events.
Timing is not applied to blockage of the OLTC for High Circulating Current, if
selected, since this is instantaneous

High Circulating Current Relay – Optional item No. 6
The High Circulating Current Alarm can be signaled remotely by way of one
or more AVR outputs contacts, among the options relay 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
The same relay selected for the High Circulating Current alarm can also be
used to signal other alarm conditions.
Tap Reading Error Relay – Optional Item No. 3
The alarm caused by tap reading error can be signaled remotely by way of
one or more outputs contacts of the AVR. The parameter “Tap Error Relay”
selects the output relays that will be used for this purpose: 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
The same relay selected for the Tap Reading Error alarm can also be used to
signal other alarm conditions.
Communication Error Relay – Optional Item No. 6
Failure in communication between AVRs on transformers in parallel can be
signaled remotely by way of one more outputs contacts of the AVR.
The same relay selected for the Communication Error alarm can also be used
to signal other alarm conditions.
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Parameter Definition Error Relay – Optional Item No. 6
The alarm Parameter Definition Error between AVRs of transformers in
parallel, caused by programming different regulation parameters on the
devices, can be signaled remotely by way of one or more AVR output
contacts.
The same relay selected for the Parameter Definition Error alarm can also
be used to signal other alarm conditions such as, for example,
Communication Error Alarm or others.
No. of Operations Relay – Optional Item No. 7
The notice issued by the AVR when the number of tap change operations
reaches the value where there is a need to perform maintenance on the tap
changer can be signaled remotely by way of one or more AVR output
contacts. Parameter “Relay No. of Operations” is used to select the output
relays that will be used for this purpose: 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. The same relay
selected for this notice can also be used to signal other alarm conditions.
Sum of Ipu2 Relay – Optional Item No. 7
The notice issued by the AVR when the sum of current switched squared
(Ipu2) reaches the value where there is a need to perform maintenance on
the tap changer can be signaled remotely by way of one or more AVR
outputs contacts. Parameter “Relay Sum of I2” is used to select the output
relays that will be used for this purpose: 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. The same relay
selected for this notice can also be used to signal other alarm conditions.
OLTC Blockage
Allows selecting the conditions that should cause blockage of the on load
tap changer among the following options:
 I> – Blockage for Over-Current
 U> – Blockage for Over- Voltage
 U< – Blockage for Under-Voltage
 OLTC – Blockage for Tap Changer Overshoot (OLTC performing tap

changes not initiated by the AVR)
 Icirc – Blockage for High Circulating Current

When one or more of the conditions programmed in this parameter occur,
the AVR will not issue any command to the OLTC, blocking the action of
increasing or reducing voltage. The OLTC blockage function can be
associated to an output contact, which can be used to interrupt the control
or even motor power supply to the tap changer, aborting operations already
59 | P a g e
started in the driving mechanism before the operation of the main contacts.
This contact is configured in parameter OLTC Blocking Relay.
OLTC Blockage Relay

Allows one or more output relays to be selected to carry out the electric
blocking of the on load tap changer when one or more of the conditions
selected in parameter OLTC Blockage happen. The relays available for this
parameter are: RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6 or RL7.
Submenu Relays
Selects the work mode for the AVR’s output relays.
With the display showing Relays in highlight, press .
The parameters used in the configuring menu Relays are listed below:
Operation Mode - Relay 3 to Relay 7

Output relays 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the AVR have their operating mode
programmed among the options:
 Normally Open: relay will remain open, closing only on the

occurrence of the condition for which it has been programmed
(for example, an under-voltage alarm or OLTC blockage)
 Normally Closed: relay remains closed when AVR is energized,

opening only on the occurrence of the condition for which it has
been programmed or in case of power failure.
Submenu Load Tap Changer – (Optional Items Nos. 3 and 7)

This menu will only be displayed if the optional items 3 or 7 are available.
Allows parameters related to tap position measurement and OLTC command.
With the display highlighting menu Load Tap Changer, press .
The parameters used in configuring this menu are listed below:
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Number of Tap Positions
Sets the OLTC number of taps.
Adjustment Range: 1 to 50 taps
Type of Tap Position Indication
This is the type of display for the tap reading adopted by the AVR, and
generally follows the type of reading shown in the On Load Tap Changer.
Type of reading  Simple Numeric

display:
 Inverse Alphanumeric
 Alphanumeric
 Bi-lateral Inverse
 Bilateral
Step Resistance of Potentiometric Sensor
This is the resistance per step of the OLTC potentiometric tap position
sensor.
Adjustment Range: 4.7 to 20 Ohms
Tap Changing Time
This is the time the OLTC takes to perform a full tap change. In the case
of transformers with intermediate taps, the best part of the change will
take place in tap changes requiring passage through the intermediate
positions.
Adjustment Range: 1 to 100 seconds
Central Tap Position
Adjusts the central tap of the OLTC, which is the position, counted from
the beginning of the measuring range, corresponding to the neutral tap.
It only requires adjusting when the parameter Indication Type has been
programmed for Numeric bi-lateral or Alphanumeric, since it enables the
tap position in OLTCs with asymmetric voltage increase and reduction
ranges to be read. The following table gives an example of the effect
caused by this parameter in the reading of a tap position for a OLTC with
a total of 33 positions and readings of the type Numeric bi-lateral and
Alpha-numeric inverse.
Central Tap Parameter Example Numeric Bi- Example Alpha
lateral Numeric Inverse
15 -14...0...+18 -14R...N...+18L
16 -15...0...+17 -15R...N...+17L
17 -16...0...+16 -16R...N...+16L
18 -17...0...+15 -17R...N...+15L
Adjustment Range: 2 to 50 Taps
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Raise TAP =
This parameter indicates, for tap changer used, the raise tap command
means raising voltage and the lower command tap means reducing
voltage or if the raise tap command means reducing voltage and the
command lower tap means increase voltage.
Beware of the fact that AVR output contacts 1-2 and 3-4 always have the
function of increasing or reducing voltage respectively.
Minimum Tap permissible

This parameter limits minimum tap that the OLTC must reach, for
example, to prevent the voltage from reducing and reaching values that
might damage consumers farther away from the transformer.
Maximum Tap permissible
This parameter limits maximum tap that the OLTC must reach, for
example, to prevent the voltage from rising and reaching values that
might damage consumers closer to the transformer.
OLTC Maintenance – Optional Item No.7
This item is optional and will only be displayed if available.
The On Load tap Changer (OLTC) is one of the main sources of power
transformer failures, in particular due to the existence of moving parts
that carry or interrupt high voltages and currents. For this reason, the
normal wear of the OLTC must be monitored, which is done by way of
preventive inspections and maintenance actions based on the number of
changes and use conditions, as well as in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
The Tap Changer Maintenance function affords users a Maintenance
Wizard for the OLTC, a tool that carries out on-line, automatic control of
different parameters, such as:
• Total number of tap changer operations, from onset of operation, and
number of operations after last maintenance;
• Sum of current switched (in pu – per unit) squared (Ipu2), since the
beginning of the tap changer operation and since last maintenance,
affording a contact wear index;
• Daily average of tap changes and current switched squared;
• Time forecasts until the number of tap changes or sum of current
switched squared for maintenance is reached, based on the daily
evolution averages for these variables;
• Notice, with programmable advance, for tap changer inspection or
maintenance due to reaching the number of tap changes or sum of
current switched squared for maintenance.
Options available to configure operation of this optional item are:
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Total OLTC Operations
Defines total number of tap changer operations since onset of operation.
Allows adjusting current number of tap changer operations, so that the
count of the AVR coincides with the mechanical counter found in most
OLTCs.
The OLTC operation counter is incremented each time the reading for
tap position is changed.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 999,999 operations.
No. of Operations since Last Maintenance

Defines the partial number of tap changer operations, since last
maintenance or inspection action carried out on it.
Allows adjusting the number of operations since tap changer
maintenance on equipment already in operation when the AVR was
installed.
The OLTC operation counter is incremented each time the reading for
tap position is changed.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 999,999 operations.
Maintenance Notice – No. of Operations

Defines the number of tap changer operations before maintenance of
the OLTC is required, according to the manufacturer’s indication. When
the counter for “No. of Operations since Last Maintenance reaches the
value configured, the AVR issues a notice indicating the need for
maintenance on the tap changer.
The notice can be signaled on a programmable output relay.
The maintenance required notice remains active on the AVR, and the
notice issuance contacts programmed will remain actuated, until user
performs manual notice acknowledgement sequence. This procedure
informs the AVR that the required maintenance has been carried out.
After the acknowledgement, counter for “No. of Operations since Last
Maintenance” is zeroed and the maintenance notices are deactivated.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 999 mil operations.
Sum of Ipu2 since onset of OLTC operation

Tracks sum of current switched squared by the OLTC (Ipu2) since the
beginning of operation.
Allows adjusting the current value of this variable for tap changers on
equipment already in operation when the AVR was installed.
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The sum is incremented by the value of the load current measured,
converted to p.u. (per unit) and squared, in the instant there is a change
in OLTC tap position.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 2000 x 103 pu2 in 0.01 steps (to 99.99), 0.1 (to
999.9) and 1 (starting in 1000).
Sum of Ipu2 since Last Maintenance of OLTC

Defines the sum of current switched squared by OLTC (Ipu2) since the last
maintenance action on the tap changer.
Allows adjusting the current value of this variable for tap changers on
equipment already in operation when the AVR was installed.
The sum is incremented by the value of the load current measured,
converted to p.u. (per unit) and squared, in the instant there is a change
in OLTC tap position.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 2000 x 103 pu2 in 0.01 steps (to 99.99), 0.1 (to
999.9) and 1 (starting in 1000).
Maintenance Notice - Ipu2

Defines the sum of current switched squared by OLTC (Ipu2) for
maintenance of the OLTC, according to the indication given by its
manufacturer. When counter “I2 Since Maintenance” reaches the value
configured, the AVR issues a notice indicating the need for maintenance
on the tap changer.
The maintenance required notice remains active on the AVR, and the
notice issuance contacts programmed will remain actuated, until user
performs manual notice acknowledgement sequence. This procedure
informs the AVR that the required maintenance has been carried out.
After the acknowledgement, counter for “I2 since Maintenance” is
zeroed and the maintenance notices are deactivated
Adjustment Range: 0 to 2000 x 103 pu2 in increments of 1.
OLTC Rated Current

Defines the tap changer’s rated current referred to the secondary of the
measurement CT. The setting is used as basis for conversion of the load
current measured during the tap changes from amperes to p.u. (per
unit).
Adjustment Range: 0.10 to 10A, in 0.01A increments.
Calculation of the Averages

Defines the number of days to be used in calculating average daily tap
changes and daily average current switched squared - Ipu2.
Adjustment Range: 10 to 365 days, in 01 day steps.
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Maintenance Notice – Time in advance for issuance
Defines the number of days in advance that the tap changer
maintenance required notice will be first issued.
Adjustment Range: 0 to 365 days, in 1 day steps.

Transition Tap Positions
Defines the transition tap changer positions, when they exist. Users can
create up to 4 rules, as follows:
Enable the rule by way of option ON / OFF;
Choose the initial tap position (the final position is automatically
selected, being the next position);
Inform the number of tap change operations performed by the OLTC
between the initial and the final tap positions, as well as the number of
times in which the current is interrupted in this process.
Submenu Factory Only

With the display highlighting the Factory Only menu, press . The
factory password will be requested.
This menu is for exclusive use by Treetech technical support service, and
is not available for the user of the equipment.
Submenu Download
Access to the firmware update feature (resident program in the device’s micro-controllers) using the serial
communication ports RS232. Update is carried out using purpose-specific software from Treetech.
With the display showing Download in highlight, press

When this submenu is selected, the access password is requested again,
which is the same password used to access the main menu. This
password confirmation is for the purpose of avoiding accidental access
to this menu.
Once the password has been confirmed, the microcontroller (uC) that
will receive the new firmware must be selected:
 Main uC  Secondary uC
After selecting the micro-controller, the AVR will paralyze the execution
of its regular program and will wait for the transmission of the new
firmware by the PC connected to the serial communication port RS232
of the AVR.
If the option selected is “Main uC”, the message “Ready to receive
firmware” will be displayed. If “Secondary uC” is selected, the message
will be “Uploading to uC2”.
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In order to quit this process before beginning transmission of the
firmware, the AVR must be reinitialized (turned off and then on).
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4 Start Up Procedure
Once the equipment has been installed as shown in
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Design and Installa part of this manual, the following basic steps must be followed for start-up:
 Check that electrical wiring has been correctly done (for instance, by way of continuity testing);
 Before energizing the transformer, or before removing the short circuit of the CT secondary, make
sure that the current transformer secondary circuit is correctly connected to the input of the AVR, making
sure the CT secondary is not open;
 Disable the commands for OLTC (for example: detach the lower connector of the AVR – terminals 1 to
16 – or select OLTC for Local command in its control cabinet) before energizing the AVR;
 If dielectric strength tests are carried out on the wiring (applied voltage), disconnect the leads
connected to the ground terminal of the AVR in order to avoid destroying the protections against over-
voltages inside the device. These protections are connected internally between the input/output and
ground terminals, limiting the voltage at around 300V. Applying high voltages for long periods of time (for
example, 2kV for 1 minute) would destroy these protections.
 Reconnect the ground leads to the terminals of the AVR, in case they were disconnected for applied
voltage testing.
 Energize the AVR with any voltage in the 38 to 265Vdc/Vac 50/60Hz range.
Carry out parameter definition of AVR, in accordance with the instructions of Chapter 0 –
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 Parameter Definition , using the front panel keyboard on the device or the parameter programming
software via serial ports. Values used in defining parameters can be written down in the form supplied in
Appendix A;
 Remove the short circuit jumper from the secondary of the CT, if this was done previously;
 Check that voltage, current and power factor readings of the AVR are correct;
 Check that the current loop output features the correct value in relation to the variable associated
(voltage, current or tap position);
 Test actuation of dry contact inputs for selection of Voltage Regulation Parameter sets or selection for
the group of Parallelism by Circulating Current;
 Normalize commands for OLTC (reinsert lower connector of the AVR or select OLTC for Remote
command);
 If possible use variable AC voltage and current sources in order to vary these magnitudes at the AVR’s
input. Check activation of raise and lower voltage contacts, the operation of the different alarms (U<, U>,
I>) and blockage of the OLTC.
The user has the possibility to unlock the OLTC with the active power flow reversal alarm. However,
Treetech does not recommend using this function. Its use and the consequences it generates when
regulating the voltage are the sole responsibility of the user. Unlocking is done via communication
protocol (see "AVR communication protocol").
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5 Troubleshooting
5.1 Self-diagnostic Messages – Probable Causes and Possible Solutions
The software of the Voltage Regulator Relay AVR constantly checks the integrity of its functions by way of its
self-diagnostic circuits and algorithms. Any abnormal condition observed, is signaled by the failure contact and
the messages shown on the display of the AVR, helping in the failure diagnosis process.
Internal Error
Cod: 0040
Figure 25 - Display showing self-diagnostic message
The self-diagnostic codes shown on the display of the AVR are comprised of four digits. The meaning for each
digit is shown on the following tables. Inform the error code to the Treetech technical assistance service.
0040 Digit 1
Code Description Probable Cause Recommended Actions
Shown
0 No failure - -
1 Micro-controller Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.
communication Contact Treetech technical service.
failure
2 Not used - -
3 Simultaneous See codes 1 and 2 above Proceed as indicated for codes 1 and 2 above.
occurrence of
errors 1 and 2
above
4 Internal EEPROM Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.
memory failure Contact Treetech technical service.
5 Simultaneous See codes 1 and 4 above Proceed as indicated for codes 1 and 4 above
occurrence of
errors 1 and 4
above
6 Simultaneous See codes 2 and 4 above Proceed as indicated for codes 2 and 4 above.
occurrence of
errors 2 and 4
above
7 Simultaneous See codes 1, 2 and 4 Proceed as indicated for codes 1, 2 and 4 above.
occurrence of above
errors 1, 2 and 4
above
8 External EEPROM Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.
memory failure Contact Treetech technical service.
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0040 Digit 2
Code Description Probable Cause Recommended actions
Shown
0 No failure - -
1 Failure in Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.
measuring CT Contact Treetech technical service.
current
2 Failure in Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.
measuring PT Contact Treetech technical service.
3 Simultaneous Simultaneous Proceed as indicated for codes 1 and 2 above.
occurrence of occurrence of errors 1
errors 1 and 2 and 2 above.
above.
4 Failure in reading Internal failure Replace the defective equipment.

external contact Contact Treetech technical service.
inputs
errors 1 and 4 and 4
errors 2 and 4 and 4
7 Simultaneous Simultaneous Proceed as indicated for codes 1, 2 and 4 above.
occurrence of occurrence of errors 1, 2
errors 1, 2 and 4 and 4
8 Failure in reading Cables used in wiring for Replace cables used in wiring for potentiometric
the position of the potentiometric sensor to sensor to AVR by shielded cables, according to the
Tap Changer AVR are not the shielded instructions of Chapter 3.3.1, item 8) Tap position
type. reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
Shielding of leads used in Ground shielding of leads for linking potentiometric
linking potentiometric sensor to AVR in just one point and preserve shielding
sensor to AVR grounded continuity, according to instructions in Item 8) Tap
in more than one point, position reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
not grounded or
shielding without
continuity along its
length
Bad contact in cursor of Eliminate bad contact in leads or on cursor of
potentiometric position potentiometric position sensor.
sensor or in connection
cables linking to the
AVR.
Cables connecting Replace cables currently connecting potentiometric
potentiometric sensor to sensor to AVR with cables of suitable gauge,
AVR with resistance according to the instructions of Item 8) Tap position
higher than 8 ohms per reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
wire – gauge too small
for distance covered
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0040 Digit 2
Code shown Description Probable Cause Recommended actions
8 Failure in reading Cables connecting Replace cables connecting potentiometric sensor to
Tap Changer potentiometric sensor to AVR with shielded cables with identical gauges and
Position AVR with different lengths in all 3 wires, according to the instructions in
gauges and/or lengths Item 8) Tap position reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
for each wire
Error in setting Correct parameter settings “Number of Tap
parameters “Number of Positions” and “Step Resistance” according to
Tap Positions” and/or instructions of Item 0.
“Step Resistance” in AVR
Potentiometric sensor Remove resistors from intermediate tap changer
has step resistors positions, replacing them with wire jumpers,
installed in the transition according to instructions in Chapter 3.3.1, Item
(intermediate) positions Requirements for tap position sensor.
of the tap changer.
The potentiometric Replace potentiometric sensor’s step resistors by

sensor’s step resistors others with accuracy better than or equal to 1%.
have tolerance above 1%
of their rated value.
Digit 3
0040
Code Shown Description Probable Cause Recommended actions
0 No failure - -
1 Communication Incorrect connection of Check for proper connection of communication
Error between communication cable cables (polarity, eventual short-circuits, open cable,
AVRs shielding grounding) between AVRs (see Chapter
3.3.1).
Incorrect setting of Check for correct setting of the following
communication parameters: “Parallelism Address” and “Number of
parameters between Nodes” (see Chapter 4.6.2).
AVRs.
Distance between ends of If circuit length is in excess of 1300 meters, repeater
the communication modules or optic fiber cabling (with appropriate
network cable longer than media converters) must be used.
1300 meters.
Lack of grounding for the Lack of or incorrect shield grounding may allow
shield of communication induced noise or transients to corrupt data
network cables, transmitted. Carry out checking of cable shields
interruption in cable connections and grounding (see Chapter 3.3.1).
shields continuity, or
shield grounded at both
ends.
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2 OLTC Checking AVR algorithms identified Check the operation of the OLTC command by the
Alarm that the OLTC failed to AVR (the switch motor drive contactors, command
regulate the voltage levels and power voltage, command wiring between the
corresponding to the AVR and the drive panel, local / remote and
sensitivity programmed in automatic / manual OLTC switches, external locks
AVR. and other intermediate points that may prevent
OLTC from working).
5.2 Other Problems - Probable Causes and Possible Solutions

If there are any difficulties or problems in operating the AVR, we suggest consulting the table of simple possible
causes and their solutions given below. If this information is not enough to settle the difficulty, please contact
Treetech Technical assistance or your local authorized representative.
AVR shows the message “Reverse flow” / “OLTC Blocking”

Probable Causes Possible Solutions
Incorrect value set for PT/CT Phase Shift. Check correct setting for parameter PT/CT Phase Shift
(consult Chapter 0 Submenu Transformer, parameter
PT/CT Phase Shift).
Incorrect connection of PT/CT cables to AVR Connect the PT/CT cables to AVR according to the
instructions of this manual.
AVR does not measure line voltage correctly

Wrong value programmed for PT Check if the correct value was programmed for the PT
transformation ratio. ratio (consult Chapter 0 Submenu Transformer,
parameter PT Ratio).
Incorrect connection of secondary of PT to AVR Check if secondary of PT is correctly connected to AVR
by measuring the input voltage in terminals 33 and 34.
AVR does not measure load current correctly

Short-circuit in the CT secondary circuit. Check if the CT’s short-circuit jumper was removed.
ATTENTION – RISK OF SEVERE ACCIDENTS: before
removing the short circuit jumper of the CT, take all the
necessary precautions to avoid leaving the secondary of
the CT open, checking including if the secondary of the
CT is correctly connected to the input of the AVR.
Wrong value programmed for CT Check if the correct value was programmed for the CT
transformation ratio. Ratio. (see chapter 0 Submenu Transformer, parameter
CT Ratio).
CT burden exceeded. Even though the AVR offers a very small load for the
current transformer, when other measuring equipment
is used in series or if losses from connection cables are
high (small cable gauge/long distance) the total load of
the circuit may exceed CT burden. Use higher gauge
cables or higher burden CT.
Incorrect connection of CT secondary to AVR Check if CT secondary is correctly connected to the AVR
by measuring with a clamp-on ampmeter the current
reaching terminals 35 and 36. ATTENTION – RISK OF
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SEVERE ACCIDENTS: do not disconnect cables
connected to terminals 35 and 36 of AVR without before
making sure the secondary of the CT is duly short-
circuited and grounded.
AVR does not measure load Power Factor correctly

Incorrect value set for PT/CT Phase Shift. Check correct setting for parameter PT/CT Phase Shift
(consult Chapter 0 Submenu Transformer, parameter
PT/CT Phase Shift).
AVR does not measure correctly or displays error message in measuring Tap Position
Connection cables between potentiometric Replace connection cables between potentiometric
sensor and AVR are not shielded. sensor and AVR by shielded cables, according to
instructions found in Chapter 3.3.1, item 8) Tap position
reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
Shielding of connection cables between Ground shielding of connection cables between
potentiometric sensor and AVR grounded in potentiometric sensor and AVR in just one point and
more than one point, not shielded or without maintain continuity of shielding, according to
shielding continuity along the length of the instructions on Item 8) Tap position reading (Optional
cable items no. 3, 7).
Bad contact on cursor of potentiometric Eliminate bad contact on cables cursor of
position sensor or on cables connecting it to the potentiometric position sensor.
AVR
sensor and AVR with resistance higher than 8 sensor and AVR by cables with suitable gauge,
ohms per wire – gauge too small for the according to instructions on Item 8) Tap position
distance covered reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
sensor and AVR with different lengths or sensor and AVR by shielded cables with equal gauges on
gauges in each wire all three wires, according to instructions on Item 8) Tap
position reading (Optional items no. 3, 7).
Error in setting parameters “Number of Tap Correct settings of parameters “Number of Tap
Positions” and/or “Step Resistance” at the AVR Positions” and/or “Step Resistance” at the AVR
according to instructions of Item 0.
Potentiometric sensor has step resistors Remove resistors from transition tap changer positions,
installed in transition (intermediate) tap replacing them with jumpers, according to instructions
changer positions. of Chapter 3.3.1, Item Requirements for tap.
Potentiometric sensor’s step resistors have Replace potentiometric sensor’s step resistors by others
tolerance above 1% of their rated value. with accuracy better than or equal to 1%.
AVR does not communicate with the data acquisition system

Communication cable connected incorrectly Check correct connection of communication cables
(polarity, eventual short-circuits, open links, shielding
grounding) between the AVR and the data acquisition
system (see Chapter 3.3.1).
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Incorrect programming of serial Check for correct programming of the following
communication parameters. parameters: “Communication Standard”, “Protocol”,
“Address” and “Baud Rate” (see Chapter 4.6.2).
Distance between ends of the communication Where the communication cable exceeds the distance
network cable higher than 1300 meters. of 1300 meters, auxiliary repeater modules or optic
fiber cables (with appropriate media converters) must
be used.
Lack of grounding for the shield of Lack of or incorrect shield grounding may allow induced
communication network cables, interruption in noise or transients to corrupt data transmitted. Carry
cable shields continuity, or shield grounded at out checking of cable shields connections and
both ends. grounding (see Chapter 3.3.1).
Incorrect current loop (mA) reading

Maximum load for output current exceeded. Check maximum permissible load for each output
standard selected.
Incorrect parameter setting for current output. Check settings of parameters “mA Output Range” and
“Analog Variable” (consult Chapter 0 - Submenu
Configuration).
Incorrect mA output cable connection Check for correct connection of cables (polarity,
eventual short-circuits, open links) between the AVR
and the mA output measurement system.
Lack of grounding, interrupted grounding or Ground failures may allow noises and induced transient
grounding at both ends of the circuit. regimes may make it impossible to measure the current
loop. Proceed with checking of cable, connections
(passage terminals) and grounding.
5.3 Firmware Version and Self-diagnostic Memory queries

Every self-diagnostic message identified by the AVR is stored and can be queried by user at the device front
panel.
In order to visualize the self-diagnostic memory just press simultaneously and . Figure 26 shows the
screen that will be displayed showing the self-diagnostic codes emitted. The same screen also displays the
device’s firmware version.
Figure 26 – Self-diagnostic Memory and Firmware Version Screen
To reset values stored in the self-diagnostic memory press and .
75 | P a g e
6 Appendix
Appendix A – Parameter Definition Tables
Remark: Tables valid for equipment starting in Firmware version 2.00. Some submenus and parameters will
only be displayed if the respective optional functions are available.
Table 8 - Auxiliary parameter definition table – Regulation Menu
Regulation Set
Parameter
1 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Voltage
Timing Type
2nd Time Delay
Line Drop Compensation Type
Ur Voltage Drop
Ux Voltage Drop
Z Compensation
Compensation Limit
Timing Steps
Deviation (%)
Step 1 Time to Raise (s)
Time to Lower (s)
Deviation (%)
Time to Lower(s)
Deviation (%)
Time to Lower(s)
Operation Hours
Active? (ON/OFF) Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Start time (HH:MM)
End time (HH:MM)
Days of the Week Sun Mon Sun Mon Sun Mon Sun Mon Sun Mon Sun Mon
Tue Wed Tue Wed Tue Wed Tue Wed Tue Wed Tue Wed
Thu Fri Thu Fri Thu Fri Thu Fri Thu Fri Thu Fri
Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
Table 9 - Auxiliary parameter definition Table – Configuration Menu
Configuration
Parameter Value Set Parameter Value Set
Language Address
mA Output Range Baud Rate
Analog Variable Parallelism address (op. 6)
Screensaver Number of Nodes (op. 6-Address 3)
Default Screen Contact Input (op. 6)
Communication Standard New Password
Protocol
76 | P a g e
Mass Memory (Optional item 2)
Parameter Value Set
Enable recording  Yes  No
Recording Interval
Memory Position Choice of variable to record Recording mode
Variable 1* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instant Value Average Value
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Minimum Value Maximum Value
Variable 2 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instant Value Average Value
77 | P a g e
Memory Position Choice of variable to record Recording mode
List of Variables for Recording:

1) None 7) Power Factor 13) CT Current
2) Load Voltage 8) Active Power 14) Tap Position
3) Voltage Deviation 9) Reactive Power 15) Circulating Current
4) Line Voltage 10) Apparent Power 16) Correction Voltage
5) Line Current 11) % load 17) Parallelism Group
6) Frequency Hz 12) PT Voltage
Table 10 - Auxiliary parameter definition table – Alarms and Relay Menu
Alarms Relays
Parameter Value set Parameter Value set
U< Alarm Operation relay3 NO NC
U< Alarm relay RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7 Operation relay4 NO NC
Time Delay U< Operation relay5 NO NC
U> Alarm Operation relay6 NO NC
U> Alarm relay RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7 Operation relay7 NO NC
Time Delay U>
I> Alarm
I> Alarm relay RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Time Delay I>
Alarm High Icirc (op. 6)
Time Delay High Icirc (op. 6)
Relay High Icirc. (op. 6) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Relay Error Tap Read (op. 3) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Relay Comm. Error (op. 6) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Relay Parameter Error (op.6) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Relay No. Operations (op. 7) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
Relay Sum I2 (op. 7) RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
OLTC Blocking I> U> U< OLTC
Icirc
OLTC Blocking Relay RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7
78 | P a g e
Table 11 - Auxiliary parameter setting table – Menu optional item On Load Tap Changer
On Load Tap Changer (Optional item 3)

Parameter Setting
Number of Tap Positions
Indication Type
Step Resistance
Tap Change Time
Central Tap Position
Raise TAP = Raise Voltage Lower Voltage
Minimum Allowed Tap
Maximum Allowed Tap
OLTC Maintenance (Optional item 7)
Total OLTC Operations
Number of Operations since last
Maintenance
Maintenance Notice – Number of k Operations
Operations
Sum Ipu2 OLTC x103
Ipu2 since Maintenance x103
Maintenance Notice – Ipu2 x103 Ipu2
OLTC Rated Current A
Average Calculation days
Maintenance Notice days before
Transition Tap No. 1 On Off Initial tap: Operations: Sum I2: x
Table 12 - Auxiliary parameter setting table – Menus Transformer and Circulating Current
Transformer
Parameter Value Set Parameter Value Set
CT/PT Phase Shift PT Ratio
Number of Phases CT Ratio
Xfmr. Rated Power Xfmr Impedance
Circulating Current (Optional item 6)

Parameter Value set
Gain factor
79 | P a g e
Appendix B – Technical Data
Power Input: 38 to 265 Vdc/Vac 50/60Hz
Maximum Consumption: 8W
Operating Temperature: -40 to +85 oC
Protection degree: IP 20
Connections – except PT and CT inputs: 0.3 to 2.5mm2, 22 to 12 AWG
Connections - PT and CT inputs: one or two 1.5 to 2.5mm2, 16 to 12 AWG - using appropriate
ring type terminals
Fixation: Fixed on panel
Measuring Range
Voltage: 0...160V1
Current: 0...10A
Maximum Errors
Voltage: 0.5% of measurement in 0...160V range
Current: 1% of full scale
Dry contact inputs: 3
Output to relays: 7 NO + 1 NC (self-diagnosis)
Maximum switching power: 70 W(dc) / 220 VA(ac) – resistive load
Maximum switching voltage: 250 Vdc / 250 Vac
Maximum conduction current: 5A
Analog output: 1 in current loop
Variable: Programmable
Output range: Programmable 0...1, -1...1, 0...5, -5...5,
0...10, -10...10, 0...20, -20...20, 4...20mA
Maximum Error: 0.5% of end of scale
Maximum Load 10V
Serial communication ports: 1 RS485/RS232 (for supervisory/laptop)
Setting Ranges (main parameters):

Rated Voltage (Un): 50 to 140V, 0.1V steps
Bandwidth: 0 to 10%, 0.1% steps
Time delay for raise/lower operations: 0 to 180s, 1s steps
Line Drop Compensation R-X: -25V to 25V, 0.1V steps
Line Drop Compensation Z: 0 to 15%, 0.1% steps
U< Alarm: 10 to 99% of Un, 1% steps
U> Alarm: 101 to 199% of Un, 1% steps
I> Alarm: 10 to 200% of In, 1% steps
Display languages: Portuguese, English, Spanish
Optional items:
Tap position reading input: Potentiometric, 3 wires, resistors class 1% or better
Number of Taps on OLTC: 2 to 50
Total resistance of potentiometric sensor: 9.4 to 1000 W
Step Resistance of potentiometric sensor: 4.7 to 20 W accuracy 1% or better
Serial Communication Port: 1 RS485 (for linking AVRs in optional parallelism Functions)
Mass Memory (optional): Non-volatile type FIFO (First In First Out)

Recording interval: 1 to 120 minutes
Capacity: 406 to 1928 records (dependent on no. of variables selected for
recording by the user, from 30 to 0 variables respectively)
1
The entrance of the TP can be damaged if the voltage values are exceeded
80 | P a g e
Appendix C – Order Specifications
The Voltage Regulator Relay AVR is universal, with the operating characteristics being selected by way of
program menus. These adjustments can be made directly on its front panel or by way of specific configuration
software, using the RS232 or RS485 serial communication ports. Power input is universal (38 to 265 Vdc/Vac
50/60Hz).
Therefore, in ordering the device all that needs to be specified is:
 Voltage Regulator Relay AVR.
 Number of devices;
 Optional functions desired. More than one optional item can be specified for the same device, taking
into account the possible combination of optional items shown on table 13 below.
Table 13 - Possible optional item combinations
OPTIONAL ITEM SET 1 SET 2
1) DNP3.0 Protocol
2) Mass Memory
3) Position Reading
4) OLTC Checking
6) Circulating Current Parallelism
7) OLTC Maintenance
SUBTITLE
Allowed
Not Allowed
81 | P a g e
Appendix D – Tests performed
Surge Immunity (IEC 61000-4-5):
Phase-neutral surges: 1 kV, 5 per polarity (+/-)
Phase-ground and neutral-ground surges: 2 kV, 5 per polarity (+/-)
Immunity to Electrical transients (IEC 60255-22-1):

1st cycle peak value 2,5 kV
frequency: 1,1 MHz
repeat time and rate: 2 seconds, 400 surges/sec.
decay to 50%: 5 cycles
Voltage Impulse (IEC 60255-5):

wave shape: 1.2 / 50 microseconds
amplitude and energy: 5 kV
number of pulses: 3 negative and 3 positive, 5s intervals
Insulation Voltage (IEC 60255-5):
Voltage tolerable at industrial frequency 2 kV 60Hz 1 min. to ground
Immunity against Irradiated Electromagnetic Fields (IEC 61000-4-
3):
Frequency: 26 to 1000 MHz
Field Intensity: 10 V/m
Immunity to Conduced Electromagnetic Disturbances (IEC 61000-
4-6):
Frequency: 0.15 to 80 MHz
Field Intensity: 10 V/m
Electrostatic Discharges (IEC 60255-22-2):
Air mode: 8 kV, ten discharges per polarity
Contact mode: 6 kV, ten discharges per polarity
Immunity to Fast Electrical Transients (IEC61000-4-4):

Test in power feed, inputs and outputs: 4 kV
Test in serial communication: 2 kV
Climate Range test: (IEC 60068-2-14):

Temperature range: -40 to +85ºC
Total test time: 96 hours
Response to vibration: (IEC 60255-21-1):

Test Mode: 3 axes (X, Y and Z), sinusoidal
Amplitude: 0.075mm from 10 to 58 Hz
1G from 58 to 150 Hz
Duration: 8 min/axis
Resistance to vibration: (IEC 60255-21-1):

Test Mode: 3 axis (X, Y e Z), sinusoidal
Frequency: 10 at 150 Hz
Intensity: 2G
Duration: 160 min/axis
82 | P a g e
BRAZIL
Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda
Praça Claudino Alves, 141, Centro
CEP 12.940-000 - Atibaia/SP
+ 55 11 2410-1190
comercial@treetech.com.br
www.treetech.com.br

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1|Page

[ User Manual – AVR | MA–011 | 03-01-2018 | Ver.: 4.20 ]

1.1 LEGAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................................5

2.1 MAIN FEATURES ....................................................................................................................................11

3.1 SYSTEM TOPOLOGY ................................................................................................................................16

4.1 FUNCTIONS OF KEYS AND LEDS: ...............................................................................................................31

6.1 SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES – PROBABLE CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS .................................................70

APPENDIX A – PARAMETER DEFINITION TABLES .......................................................................................................76

1.3 Typographical Conventions

1.4 General and Safety Information

Minimum profile recommended for the AVR operator and maintainer

Environmental and voltage conditions required for installation and operation

Table 1 – Operating Conditions

Instructions for test and installation

Inspection and Maintenance instructions

1.5 Technical Assistance

Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. – Technical Assistance

1.8 Main Features

Figure 1 – Voltage Regulator Relay – AVR

1.9 Optional Functions

Optional item 1 - Protocol DNP 3.0:

Optional item 2 – Mass Memory:

Optional item 3 – Position Reading:

 Current output programming for remote tap reading;

 Manual command of OLTC, local (front panel) and by serial communication;

Optional item 6 – Parallelism by Circulating Current:

Optional item 7 – OLTC Maintenance:

 OLTC operation counter, with notice for high number of operations;

 Integration of current switched squared, with notice for high I² sum.

1.10 Basic Operating Philosophy

UTRANSFORMER UDROP ULOAD

Figure 2 – Deployment diagram for Voltage Regulator Relay - AVR

- Alarms - Command On-Load Tap

Figure 4 – Composition of the Voltage Regulation system

2.2 Mechanical Installation

2.3 Electrical Installation

 AC / DC supply, Neutral-phase: Single-pole circuit breaker, 1 A ≤ In ≤ 2 A, curve B or C, standards

 AC / DC Power, Phase-Phase: Bipolar circuit breaker, 1 A ≤ In ≤ 2 A, curve B or C, standards NBR

Figure 6 – Input and output terminals of the AVR.

4) RS232 Port: DB9 Connector

5) Input for PT: 33 – (polarity)

7) Digital inputs: 24 – common

1) Auxiliary Power Supply and Ground

2) RS485 Port – Supervisory System

3) RS485 Port – Interconnection between AVRs

5) and 6) PT and CT measuring inputs

Figure 9 - Single phase PT connection diagram, 0° phase difference angle

Figure 11 - Phase/phase PT connection diagrams, 0° phase difference angle

Figure 12 - Phase/phase PT connection diagram, 150° phase difference angle

Figure 14 - Phase/phase PT connection diagram, 270° phase difference angle

7) Dry Contact Digital Input

INPUT TERMINALS Parallelism Group

8) Tap position reading (Optional items no. 3, 7)

 Cabling for tap position read out

Wire Gauge Typical Resistance Maximum Length

 Requirements for tap position reading sensor

Table 5 - Resistance of the potentiometric tap position sensor.

Resistance between Cursor and