CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Priority of every graduate after having completed a college degree is to

look for possible employment. This is their next ultimate goal in life to sustain a

living or support the needs of the family as part of Filipino culture. A large

percentage of Criminology graduates determine to join the PNP and perform law

enforcement functions. However, because of the rigid screening of applicants for

PNP members, which includes physical and metal examinations, not all

graduates are able to fulfil their dreams. Some engaged themselves in business

while others land in employment where their knowledge and skills are

inapplicable (Bautista et al., 2020).

A criminology graduate has more chances of getting employed. They may

become a police officer or assigned as jail, port police personnel, fire-fighter, and

drug enforcement officer others may work as hotel and resort in -house security,

security officer in department stores, security consultant, civilian investigators,

local traffic enforcer and criminology instructor. Despite all these possibilities,

there are criminology graduates who may have jobs not related to their chosen

course which have melded, prepare, and enhanced their ability. Every year,

thousands of criminology graduates all over the Philippines try their best effort to

attend classes to make sure that they will be able to pass the Criminology

Licensure Examination and become licensed criminologist to be qualified for a

1
law enforcement job like the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology BJMP,

Bureau of Fire Protection BFP, and more particularly in the Philippines National

Police (PNP) (Ruiz, et al., 2020).

However, criminology graduates may encounter difficulty to be hired in the

PNP, which is under the administrative control of the National Police Commission

[NAPOLCOM] because of the stringent provisions under Title IV- B

[Qualifications Upgrading] Section 14, of the Republic Act 6975. The general

qualification for appointment specify possession of minimum qualification which

include citizenship, physical test, formal baccalaureate degree, and eligibility set

by the commissions; have never been dishonourably discharged from military

employment; never been convicted of an offense or crime involving moral

turpitude, as well as age, height and weight requirements. All these may also

contribute as factors which may hinder becoming members of law enforcement

agencies (Negro & Amparado, 2017). With this reasons, the researchers want to

conduct this study to identify the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment and how they overcome that problems.

This study will be a great help for all aspiring PNP.

Negro, E.O. & Amparado,

M. A. P. (2017). The
employability of the
2
University of Cebu Lapu-
Lapu and Mandaue
graduates from 1997 to
2010. IAMURE
International Journal of
Social Sciences, 19(1),
102-114.
Negro, E.O. & Amparado,
M. A. P. (2017). The
employability of the
University of Cebu Lapu-
Lapu and Mandaue
graduates from 1997 to
2010. IAMURE
3
International Journal of
Social Sciences, 19(1),
102-114.
Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on Career Choice Theory of John Holland

(1959). This theory stated that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where

they can be around others who are like them. They search for environments that

will let them use their skills, abilities, express their attitudes and values while

taking on enjoyable problems and roles. Holland’s theory believes that interaction

between environment and personalities types such as realistic, investigative,

artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional affect people in choosing their

career (Careers.govt.nz, 2019).

Another theory related to this study is the Frank Parsons Trait and Factor

Theory suggests that ideal career is based on personal traits like skills, values

and personality matched and correspond with job factors, such as pay and work

environment. The better the fit, the higher an individual’s job satisfaction and

success. Individuals have unique traits that can be objectively measured and

matched against requirements of occupations. Choosing an occupation involves

trying to match an individual to a job so that their needs will be met and their job

performance will be satisfactory (Giobbi, 2018).

4
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates of Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc. in

applying PNP employment.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age; and

1.2 Sex?

2. What is the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of;

2.1 Medical examination

2.2 Financial;

2.3 Agility;

2.4 Psychological test;

2.5 Recommending person;

2.6 Communication skills

2.7 Mental process; and

2.8 Recruitment officers?

Hypothesis

5
 There is a significant effect of the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment.

Significance of the Study

This study considered beneficial to the following:

To PNP applicants, the findings of this study may help to understand and

find solution to their problems. This study may give the baseline that would

evince the effectiveness application. They have a basis for improvement if

needed and for them to have understanding of the problems encountered. This

would also help them for their professional development.

To the Researchers, would benefit to the result of this study for they will

have ideas about how to overcome such problems during applying PNP

employment.

To the Future Researchers, with the findings of this study, future

researchers could use this study as their reference and guide if they study the

same topic or related to this topic.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the study focused on the problems encountered on PNP

employment of criminology graduates in Southern Mindanao Institute of

Technology, Inc.

6
Definition of Terms

For this study to be well understood, the following terms were conceptually

and operationally defined:

PNP Philippine National Police the armed national police force in the

Philippines its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong

Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. 

Employment- is an agreement between an employer and

an employee that the employee will provide certain services. In return, the

employee is paid a salary or hourly wage. Although employees can negotiate

certain items in an employment agreement, the terms and conditions are

primarily determined by the employer. Both parties may also terminate the

agreement.

Problems Encountered- refers to unexpectedly experience or difficulty to

be faced by criminology graduates in applying to be a PNP uniform personnel.

This includes medical examination, financial, agility, psychological test,

recommending person, communication skills, mental process and recruitment

officers.

7
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this section, different literatures and studies associated to the study

were reviewed in order to establish a sufficient background needed by the

researchers and readers and to understand well about the study.

Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP

Employment

Employability plays an important role in the implementation of the

departments’ learning and teaching strategies. It is part of good learning practice.

Students who engage in developing their employability are likely to be

independent, reflective and responsible learners (Robbins and Coulter, 2001).

Innovative learning, teaching and assessment methods which promote student's

8
understanding and help them to engage in 'deep' learning will also enhance their

employability. And involving employers in the education experience, for example,

through placements, case studies, delivery of guest lectures, can help students

appreciate the relevance of their course and learn how to apply theory and

knowledge in practical ways in the workplace. In some subject areas,

employability links to requirements for accreditation from professional bodies

(www.employability.ed.ac.uk). A graduate in Criminology and Criminal Justice will

typically have: research skills and familiarity with research methods; be able to

analyse and evaluate problems and issues; be able to collect and interpret

statistical data; an awareness and sensitivity of the needs and values of others;

Communicate, debate and develop logical arguments; planning and time

management skills; the ability to work in a group with other people; the ability to

write clearly and concisely; and be able to present facts, ideas and arguments

(Bautista et al., 2020).

Furthermore, it shows that the skills relevant to their present occupation as

PNP members and credit investigators were investigation, communication and

problem-solving skills. And the main reason for unemployment were: lack of

professional eligibility, no job opening in their field of specialization, lack of

political connections, and inadequate communication skills. Also, Carale (2006),

revealed in his study that the graduates have poor or inadequate training

particularly in the preparation of plan of arrest, search and seizure procedures,

law enforcement and crisis management intervention, the art of self-defence and

in communication skills. In addition, Capdos (2015), in her study, reveals that

9
55% of the recruited personnel in the year 2008-2013 were criminologists and

45% were non-criminologists, this means that criminologists are still the main

profession in the field of law enforcement. The following are the problems

encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP employment.

Medical Examination Under this phase, the PNP Health Service is in-

charge to determine whether or not the applicant is in good health, free from any

contagious diseases. On the first day of the PMDE, the applicants are required to

fill up the Medical History Report and Medical Prescreen

Questionnaire distributed by the RHS personnel purposely to record all

information of applicant’s health. Through this report, the PNP doctors/examiners

may now have an overview of medical condition of the applicant/s as to whether

or not he is undergoing treatment or suffering from disease. The Medical History

Report may include information about allergies, illnesses, surgeries,

immunizations, and results of physical exams and tests. It may also include

information about medicines taken and health habits, such as diet and exercise.

A family medical history includes health information about a applicant’s close

family members (parents, grandparents, children, brothers, and sisters). This

includes their current and past illnesses (thelifeofmaharlika.com/guide-physical-

medical-and-dental-examination-pmde-for-pnp-applicants).

Financial Financial problem is a situation in which you are not able to

meet your bills on time or afford necessary basic needs. Many of us, from all over

the world and from all walks of life, are having to deal with financial stress and

uncertainly at this difficult time. According to American Psychological Association

10
(APA) study found out that 72% of Americans feel stressed about money at least

some of the time. The recent economic difficulties mean that even more of us are

now facing financial struggles and hardship

(www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/coping-with-financial-stress.htm). Also,

financial problem are one of the reason for non-employment among BS

Criminology graduates (Refugia, 2021). They cannot comply there requirements

for PNP employment such as medical and physical exam because of lack of

financial support of their parent. This was supported by the study of Asuncion

(2019), he stated that problems encountered by the criminology graduates on

personal preparations for employment specifically on financial aspects.

Agility Physical Agility Test is one of the requirements by the PNP in

order to evaluate the physical qualification of these aspiring Patrolman/woman

applicants whether he or she possess the required condition such as strength

and speed applicable in the service. The Physical Agility Test is one component

of the entry-level examination for Criminology students. The job of a police officer

requires a certain degree of physical strength and endurance necessary to

complete many tasks required on the job (Acobera, et al., 2019). Physical agility

test designed to determine whether or not he/she possesses the require

coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary for the Service. This

test includes pull ups, push ups, sit ups, 100 meter runs and 1000 meter runs.

Psychological Test The Neuro-Psychiatric Examination tests is the test

to measure the mental stability, adaptability, and psychological functioning of

applicants before they are being recruited into service. The purpose of the exam

11
is to filter the applicants or to exclude applicants who may be suffering from any

mental disorder and if they are really suitable for the uniformed services of the

government. It is one of the most decisive parts of the recruitment process in the

PNP, BFP, BJMP, BuCor, and all the branches of the AFP (topnotcher.ph/how-

to-pass-the-neuro-psychiatric-exam). This was supported by the study of Capdos

(2015), he stated that the problems encountered by criminologist in applying for

PNP are the pre-assessment, initial evaluation and psychological/ psychiatric

examination (PPE). In fact, only 25% of the applicants pass the Neuro-

Psychiatric exam, making it the most dreaded part of the application process.

The Neuro-Psychiatric exam is comprised of two parts- the written and the

personal interview. Int includes a 35-item Aptitude test, Guilford Zimmerman

Temperament Survey, Applicant risk profiler, the industrial sentence completion

test, work environment preference schedule, hand test, and the drawing

(topnotcher.ph/how-to-pass-the-neuro-psychiatric-exam).

Recommending Person In Filipino culture and politics, is the value

system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family

affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one’s merit. This

system is deemed a source of many controversies and corruption

(www.panaynews.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-shuns-padrino-system). In the

study of Negro and Amparado (2017), they found out that employed respondents

got their jobs as walk-in applicants while others were recommended by

prominent people or had political connections. That’s why recommending person

12
is important in applying in PNP. In addition, Carale (2006), emphasized that one

of the main reason for unemployment were lack of political connections.

Communication Skills The ability to communicate effectively with

superiors, colleagues, and staff is essential, no matter what industry you work in.

Workers in the digital age must know how to effectively convey and receive

messages in person as well as via phone, email, and social media. Good

communication skills will help get hired, land promotions, and be a success

throughout their career (Doyle, 2017). Communication skill is one of the most

useful skills of the graduates during their job interview. (Bautista et al., 2020).

Police officers deal with problems every day. Officers are expected to

demonstrate common sense, communication skills and interpersonal skills, all

with an open mind free of bias. Carale (2006), emphasized that one of the main

reason for unemployment were inadequate communications skills. This was

supported by the study of Ruiz, et al. (2020), they stated that Criminology

graduates are usually confronted with the lack of communication skills.

In the study of Negro

and Amparado (2017),
they traced the graduates
of UCLM,
13
Philippines from 1997 to
2010. Specifically, it
ascertained the following:
profile of the
respondents; reasons for
taking the course;
employment status of the
graduates; status of the
employed; strategy used
to find the first job;
reasons for not being
employed; number of
graduates who were able
to land in a job relevant to
14
the curriculum they had
in college; and
academic competencies
learned in college which
were useful on the job. It
also determined the
relationship between the
profile of the graduates and
their employment statu
Mental Process Mental processes encompass all the things that the

human mind can do naturally. Common mental processes include memory,

emotion, perception, imagination, thinking and reasoning. Since the human is

constantly active, mental processes are continuously relevant and affecting or in

taking events from daily life (www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics.mental-

processes). Reasoning and cognitive ability are essential element to working

effectively in law enforcement. Situations arise in which those in law enforcement

have to think quickly, solve complex problems, and use limited information to

make decisions (aai-assessment.com/products/law-enforcement-reasoning-test).

15
There is no such thing as a routine call in law enforcement. Officers need the

ability to quickly and efficiently evaluate and analyze facts, observations, and

information so they can make sound decisions. Officers must be able to think

critically if they're going to help members of the community solve problems and

resolve conflicts (www.thebalancecareers.com/police-officer-soft-skills-974900).

Critical thinking is a needed skill identified by high-stress professions such

as the military, nursing, and disaster management, yet there is limited study

regarding critical thinking in law enforcement (Spruill, 2021). It is a primary aim of

every institution to ensure that they produce quality graduates who will contribute

to the nation’s workforce in achieving development goals. Educational institutions

have to equip their graduates with knowledge, skills, and values that will qualify

them to work (Refugia, 2021).

Recruitment Officers The padrino system, or patronage in Filipino culture

and politics, is the value system where one gains favor, promotion, or political

appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as

opposed to one’s merit. This system is deemed a source of many controversies

and corruption (www.panaynews.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-shuns-padrino-

system). According to Eleazar (2021), padrino system, or currying favor through

family affiliation or friendship instead of merit, in recruiting police personnel

should be out of the picture. He also, said that those intending to join the police

force should be selected based on their qualifications and competencies.

Furthermore, he implemented the quick response (QR) code system, wherein

applicants were “nameless” and “faceless” the entire application process.

16
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures employed in this

study. It includes the research design, research locale, the subjects, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study employed descriptive research design using survey

questionnaires. The descriptive research design measured and described one or

more variables (McCombesn 2019).

Locale of the Study

17
 This study was conducted in Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat, School year

2021-2022.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study consisted of fifty one (51) criminology

graduates of Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.,

Data Gathering Instrument

The main instrument used in the study was a survey questionnaire

formulated by the researchers.

To determine the effect of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment, the respondents were rated the

indicators accordingly using the Five-Point Likert Scale with responses to choose

ranging from 5 which means Always; 4 as often; 3 as sometimes ; 2 as seldom;

and 1 as never.

Data Gathering Procedure

The design of the survey questionnaire was checked and approved by the

researcher adviser and research committee. Afterward, the researchers were

asked permission to the respondents to conduct the study. After the permission

was approved, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents

and gave them a sufficient and appropriate explanation of the purpose of the

study. Answered questionnaires have gathered, tabulated, and subjected to the

appropriate statistical computation for analysis.

Statistical Treatment

18
 To analyzed the gathered data, the researchers utilized the mean and

standard deviation to describe the data. The following mean intervals and

corresponding descriptions below will be used.

Range Interpretation

4.50 – 5.00 Very High

3.50 – 4.49 High

2.50 – 3.49 Moderately High

1.80 – 2.49 Low

1.00 – 1.79 Very Low

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of all data gathered.

The respondents response were deliberately analyzed and interpreted through

the use of weighted mean and t-test.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents.

Profile Frequency (F) Percentage
(%)
Age
22-24 23 45
25-27 22 43
28-30 6 12
Sex
Female 33 65
Male 18 35

19
 Table 1 presents distribution of respondents according to age and sex.

The data reveal that out of fifty one (51) respondents, twenty three (23) or forty

five percent (45%) are twenty-two to twenty four (22-24) years old, twenty two

(22) or forty three percent (43%) are twenty five to twenty seven (25-27) years

old and six (6) or twelve percent (12%) are twenty eight to thirty (28-30) years

old. On the other hand out of fifty one (51) respondents, thirty three (33) or sixty

five percent (65%) are female and eighteen (18) or thirty five percent (35%) are

male.

Table 2. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of Medical.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I have a hard time for the result of the 2.4 Low
medical check-up.
2 I encountered unexpected negative 2.1 Low
medical result.
3 I am hesitant to seek another medical 2.3 Low
check-up.
4 I am nervous every time medical personnel 2.7 Moderately
High
checked my blood pressure resulting to
negative medical result.
5 I am anxious on the result because I maybe 2.0 Low
diagnose with illness caused by drinking and
smoking.
Grand Mean 2.3 Low

20
 Table 2 The Level of the Problems encountered by the Criminology

Graduates in Applying PNP Employment in terms of their medical issues showed

the grand mean of 2.3 and interpreted as low. Item 4, “I am nervous every time

medical personnel checked my blood pressure resulting to negative medical

result” got the highest mean of 2.7, interpreted as moderately high. The lowest

mean was item 5, “I am anxious on the result because I maybe diagnose with

illness caused by drinking and smoking” with the mean of 2.0 interpreted as low.

It implied that the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment was low in terms of medical issues.

Table 3. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of Financial.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I experienced financial deficit especially 3.2 Moderately
High
on my fare allowance.
2 I can hardly secure other document because 3.4 Moderately
High
my family could no longer provide my
financial need.
3 I experienced financial deficit especially on 2.9 Moderately
High
a sudden medical related matter, like dental
and ear examination.
4 I hardly afford a place to sleep near the 2.6 Moderately
High
recruitment area.
5 I can hardly afford clothes to wear during 2.3 Low

21
 application.
Grand Mean 2.8 Moderately
High

Table 3 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology

Graduates in Applying PNP Employment in terms of financial has a grand mean

of 2.8, interpreted as moderately high. Item 1, “I experienced financial deficit

especially on my fare allowance” has the highest mean of 3.2, interpreted as

moderately high. The lowest mean is item 5, “I can hardly afford clothes to wear

during application” with the mean of 2.3, interpreted as low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was moderately high in terms of

financial. The result agreed to the study of Refugia, (2021) stated that financial

problem are one of the reason for non-employment among BS Criminology

graduates.

Table 4. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of Agility.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I have hard time completing the require 2.7 Moderately High
physical test.
2 I felt nervous during execution. 2.8 Moderately
High
3 I felt pressured so I got poor performance 2.3 Low
rate on push ups, sit ups, pull ups and
jogging.
4 My body is unconditioned during physical 2.4 Low

22
 fitness examination.
5 I lost control on my body temperature 2.2 Low
resulting to poor agility test result.
Grand Mean 2.4 Low

Table 4 The Level of Problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in Applying the PNP Employment in terms of agility has a grand mean of 2.4,

interpreted as low. Item 2, “I felt nervous during execution” has the highest mean

of 2.8, interpreted as moderately high, and the lowest mean is item 5, “I lost

control on my body temperature resulting to poor agility test result” with the mean

of 2.2, interpreted as low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying the PNP employment was low in terms of agility. It support

the study of Acobera, et al., (2019) physical agility test designed to determine

whether or not he/she possesses the require coordination, strength and speed of

movement necessary for the service.

Table 5. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of Psychological Test.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I have a hard time answering the test 2.7 Moderately High
questionnaire.
2 I have difficulty in handling my behaviour. 2.2 Low
3 I have difficulty in interpreting my sketches 2.3 Low
felt.
4 I nervous when someone interview me. 2.6 Moderately
High

23
 5 I have difficulty in understanding abstract 2.2 Low
questions.
Grand Mean 2.4 Low

Table 5 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology

Graduates in Applying PNP Employment in terms of psychological test showed

the grand mean of 2.4, interpreted as low. Item 1, “I have a hard time answering

the test questionnaire” got the highest mean of 2.7, interpreted as moderately

high. The lowest mean is item 2, “I have difficulty in handling my behaviour” and

item 5, “I have difficulty in understanding abstract questions” with the mean of

2.2, interpreted as low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was low in terms of psychological test.

The result contradicts Capdos (2015) stated that the problems encountered by

criminologist in applying for PNP are the pre-assessment, initial evaluation and

psychological/psychiatric examination (PPE).

Table 6. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of Recommending Person
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I have difficulty in identifying PNP officials 3.1 Moderately
High
as reference.
2 I have hard time finding any government 2.9 Moderately
High
officials as my reference.

24
 3 I lost my contact number on the person 2.7 Moderately
High
stated in the reference section.
4 I have difficulty in asking for favourable time 2.8 Moderately High
with my recommending official.
5 My recommending official has less 2.5 Moderately
High
connection in the recruitment office.
Grand Mean 2.8 Moderately
High

Table 6 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology Graduates

in Applying PNP Employment in terms of recommending person has a grand

mean of 2.8, interpreted as moderately high. Item 1, “I have difficulty in

identifying PNP officials as reference” got the highest mean of 3.1 interpreted as

moderately high. The lowest mean is item 5, “My recommending official has less

connection in the recruitment office” with the mean of 2.5, interpreted as

moderately high.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was moderately high in terms of

recommending person. It support Carale, (2006) emphasized that one of the

main reason for unemployment were lack of political connections.

25
Table 7. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in
applying PNP employment in terms of Communication Skills.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I cannot communicate clearly and 2.3 Low
effectively, both written and verbal form.
2 I have poor listening skills (i.e. didn’t know 2.1 Low
how to listen to others opinion).
3 I have difficulty in solving problems 2.2 Low
constructively.
4 I am afraid to talk in front of other people. 2.2 Low
5 I am afraid to approach other people 2.3 Low
even if I need some help of something.
Grand Mean 2.2 Low

Table 7 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology Graduates

in Applying PNP Employment in terms of communication skills has a grand mean

of 2.2, interpreted as low. Item 1, “I cannot communicate clearly and effectively,

both written and verbal form” and item 5, “I am afraid to approach other people

even if I need some help of something” got the highest mean of 2.3, interpreted

as low. The lowest mean is item 2, “I have poor listening skills (i.e. didn’t know

how to listen to others opinion” with the mean of 2.1, interpreted as low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was low in terms of communication

skills. The result support to the study of Doyle (2017) who cited that good

communication skills will help get hired, land promotions, and be a success

throughout their career.

26
Table 8. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in
applying PNP employment in terms of Mental Process.
Items Statement Mean Interpretation
1 I have poor memory 2.4 Low
2 I have difficulty in understanding the 2.2 Low
questions posted during examination.
3 I hard time in understand critical level 2.3 Low
questions (e.g. reading comprehension,
paragraph development).
4 I have difficulty in thinking especially if 2.7 Moderately
High
under pressure.
5 I have difficulty in comprehending even 2.4 Low
single questions because I was stressed.
Grand Mean 2.2 Low

Table 8 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology

Graduates in Applying PNP Employment in terms of mental process showed that

a grand mean of 2.2, interpreted as low. Item 4, “I have difficulty in thinking

especially if under pressure” got the highest mean of 2.7, interpreted as

moderately high. The lowest mean is item 2, “I have difficulty in understanding

the questions posted during examination” with the mean of 2.2, interpreted as

low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was low in terms mental process. The

result support to the study of Spruill, (2021) who cited that Critical thinking is a

needed skill identified by high-stress professions such as the military, nursing,

and disaster management, yet there is limited study regarding critical thinking in

law enforcement.

27
Table 9. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in
applying PNP employment in terms of Recruitment Officers.
Items Statement Mean
Interpretation
1 I am afraid in facing different requirement 2.6 Moderately High
posted by the recruitment officials.
2 I have difficulty in adjusting the attitude of 2.5 Moderately High
the officers.
3 I am afraid to ask question to the recruitment 2.3 Low
officer.
4 The recruitment officer are not considerable 2.8 Moderately High
on any problems that we encountered during
application.
5 I experienced unfair treatment during 2.2 Low
application.
Grand Mean 2.4 Low

Table 9 The Level of Problems encountered by the Criminology

Graduates in Applying PNP Employment in terms of recruitment officers has a

grand mean of 2.4, interpreted as low. Item 4, “The recruitment officer are not

considerable on any problems that we encountered during application” got the

highest mean of 2.8, interpreted as moderately high. The lowest mean is item 5,

“I experienced unfair treatment during application” with the mean of 2.2,

interpreted as low.

It implied that the level of problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment was low in terms recruitment officers.

According to Eleazar (2021), padrino system, or currying favor through family

affiliation or friendship instead of merit, in recruiting police personnel should be

out of the picture.

28
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, recommendations in the

study of Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP

Employment.

This study primarily aimed was to determine the problems why

Criminology graduates are having a hard time applying in the PNP. The research

design used was descriptive research with a researcher-made questionnaire in

gathering the essential data. The study was conducted at SMIT during school

year 2021-2022.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age; and

1.2 Sex;

2. What is the level of the problems encountered by the criminology

graduates in applying PNP employment in terms of;

2.1 Medical examination

29
 2.2 Financial;

2.3 Agility;

2.4 Psychological test;

2.5 Recommending person;

2.6 Communication skills

2.7 Mental process; and

2.8 Recruitment officers

Summary of Findings

After data gathered, tabulated, statistically treated and analysed the

following were the general findings of the study.

1. On the demographic profile of the respondents

Majority of the respondents are male with the age bracket of twenty-two to

twenty four (22-24) years old.

2. On the level of the problems encountered by graduates in applying PNP

employments.

2.1. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of medical problems was low.

2.2. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of financial problems was moderately

high.

30
 2.3 The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of agility was low.

2.4. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of psychological test was low.

2.5. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of recommending person was

moderately high.

2.6. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of communication skills was low.

2.7. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of mental process was low.

2.8. The level of problems encountered by criminology graduates in

applying PNP employments in terms of recruitment officers was low.

CONCLUSION

Taking all the result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.

1. The demographic profile of the respondents majority are male with the age

bracket of twenty-two to twenty four (22-24) years old.

2. The level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates in

applying PNP employment in terms of medical problems, agility,

psychological test, communication skills, mental process, and recruitment

31
 officer were low, while the financial problems and recommending person

were moderately high.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings and conclusion, the following

recommendation were drawn.

1. Since the level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of medical, agility, psychological

test, communication skills, mental process and recruitment officers were

low: then, it must be maintained.

2. Since the level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment in terms of financial and recommending

officers was moderately high; then the applicants must work harder, find

extra job in order to have additional income and also, find connections.

32
 REFERENCES

Bautista, M.L., Barrameda, J., Areta, E., Mojares, R.E. & Page, R.T. (2020).
Employment and employer’s feedback of criminology graduates from
2013-2016 in one Private Academic Institution in the Philippines. Asia
Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 7
(4).apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2020/08/APJEAS-
2020.7.4.02.pdf

Careers.Govt.Nz (2019). Holland’s

theory.www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-
models/hollands-theory

Capdos, MJ M. (2015) "The Employability of Criminologists in Provincial Regional

Office-Cordillera (PROCOR)". Unpublished Master's Thesis. University of
Cordillera, Baguio City

Giobbi, M. (2018). Characteristics of the trait & factor theory. Career Trend.
https://careertrend.com/info-8083595-characteristics-trait-factor-
theory.html

In recruiting new cops PRO-6 shuns padrino' system - Panay News.

(2022).www.panay news.net/in-recruiting-new-cops-pro-6-shuns-padrino-
system

McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive research design. https://www.scribbr.com/

methodology/descriptive-research/

Negro, E.O. & Amparado, M.A. (2017). The employability of the University of
Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandadue graduates from 1997 to 2010. IAMURE
International Journal of Social Sciences, 19 (1), 102-114.

33
No 'padrino' system, no corruption – PNP chief - Panay News (2021).
www.panaynews .net/no-padrino-system-no-corruption-pnp-chief

Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE) for PNP Applicants (2022).
thelifeof
maharlika.com/guide-physical-medical-and-dental-examination-pmde-for-
pnp-applicants

Refugia, J.N. (2021). BS Criminology graduates in Laguna State Polytechnic

University-San Pablo City: employability and problems encountered.
iiari.org/conference_ article/bs-criminology-graduates-in-laguna-state-
polytechnic-university-san-p

Repoyo, L.M. (2021). Tracer study of criminology graduates of A.Y. 2019.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6
(6). www.ijisrt.com1314

Ruiz, D.F., Pioquinto, P.V. & Amparado, M.A. (2020). Employment status of
criminology graduates.www.studocu.com/ph/document/san-ildefonso-
college/business/employment-status-of-criminology

34
 SOUTHERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Brgy. Buenaflor Tacurong City

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES IN

APPLYING PNP EMPLOYMENT

Direction: Please answer the questions honestly, the success of this study lies
on your participation.

Demographic Profile of the Respondent

Name (Optional)
________________________________________________________
Age:
22-24

25-27

28-30
Sex:
Male

Female

Problems encountered by the criminology graduates in applying PNP

employment.

Direction: Statement below describes the problems encountered by the

criminology graduates in applying PNP employment of Southern Mindanao
Institute of Technology. Please put check () on the appropriate column
corresponding to your choice using the scale below.

Numerical rating Descriptive Rating

35
 5 Always
4 Often
3 Sometimes
2 Seldom
1 Never

Table 1. Level of the problems encountered by the criminology graduates

in applying PNP employment

5 4 3 2 1

A. MEDICAL

1. I have a hard time for the result of the medical check-up

2. I encountered unexpected negative medical result

3. I am hesitant to seek another medical check-up.

4. I am nervous every time medical personnel checked my

blood pressure resulting to negative medical result.
5. I am anxious on the result because I maybe diagnose with
illness caused by drinking and smoking.
B. FINANCIAL

1. I experienced financial deficit especially on my fare

allowance.
2. I can hardly secure other document because my family
could no longer provide my financial need.
3. I experienced financial deficit especially on a sudden
medical related matters ,like dental and ear examination
4. I hardly afford a place to sleep near the recruitment area.
5. I can hardly afford clothes to wear during application
C. AGILITY
1. I have hard time completing the required physical test.

36
2. I felt nervous during execution
3. I felt pressured so I got poor performance rate on push ups,
sit ups, pull ups and jogging
4. My body is unconditioned during physical fitness
examination
5. I lost control on my body temperature resulting to poor
agility test result.
D. PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST

1. I have a hard time answering the test questionnaire

2. I have difficulty in handling my behaviour.
3. I have difficulty in interpreting my sketches felt
4. I nervous when someone interview me.
5. I have difficulty in understanding abstract questions.
E. RECOMMENDING PERSON
1. I have difficulty in identifying PNP officials as reference.
2. I have hard time finding any government officials as my
reference.
3. I lost my contact number on the person stated in the
reference section.
4. I have difficulty in asking for favourable time with my
recommending official.
5. My recommending official has less connection in the
recruitment office.
F. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. I cannot
Communicating clearly and effectively, both written and
verbal form.
2. I have poor listening skills (i.e. didn’t know how to listen to
others’ opinion)
3. I have difficulty in solving problems constructively
4. I am afraid to talk in front of other people.
5. I am afraid to approach other people even if I need some
help of something.
G. MENTAL PROCESS
1. I have poor memory
2. I have difficulty in understanding the questions posted
during examination.
3. I hard time in understand critical level questions (e.g.
reading comprehension ,paragraph development)

37
4. I have difficulty in thinking especially if under pressure.
5. I have difficulty in comprehending even single questions
because I was stressed.
H. RECRUITMENT OFFICERS
1. I am afraid in facing different requirement posted by the
recruitment officials.
2. I have difficulty in adjusting the attitude of the officers.
3. I am afraid to ask question to the recruitment officer.
4. The recruitment officer are not considerable on any
problems that we encountered during application.
5. I experienced unfair treatment during application.

38
 SOUTHERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Brgy. Buenaflor Tacurong City

February 10, 2022

Graduates of Batchelor of Science in Criminology

Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.
Brgy. Buenaflor, Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat, 9800

Greetings!

The undersigned researchers are currently working on a research study

entitled, Problems Encountered by the Criminology Graduates in Applying PNP
Employment, in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology.

With this, we are requesting to conduct a survey based on your own

experience during your application in the PNP. Rest assured that the data
collected will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We are hoping for your kind
consideration.

Your response is highly appreciated.

Thank you and more power.

Restpectfully,

PADUA, MICHAEL JUDE B.

GALOY, ALI M.
PUNAN, ABDUL T.
SAMBILAN, BADRODIN S.
ARQUIO, JHARIEL P.
DORDAS, CLARCK A.

Noted By:
JERSAM Q. BENIERA, J.D
INSTRUCTOR

ROSALINDA G. SABINO, MAT.

RESEARCH COORDINATOR

39
 PETER PAUL O. DIOCADES, R.Crim., MS CJE
PROGRAM HEAD

Approved by:
FEDERICO S. SEÑERES JR.
SCHOOL PRESIDENT

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: MICHAEL JUDE B. PADUA

Address: Prk. Golden Duranta, Brgy. New Isabela,
Tacurong City

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: November 26, 1999
Place of Birth: Brgy. Romongabob, South Upi, Maguindanao
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 58
Tribe: Teduray
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father: Roland D. Padua
Mother: Helen B. Padua

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Timanan Central Elementary School

High School: Timanan South Upi National High School

40
Senior High School: Timanan South Upi National High School
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: BADRODIN S. SAMBILAN

Address: Brgy, Lagao, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: April 24, 1999
Age: 23
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 56
Father: Kamarodin Sambilan
Mother: Badria Sambilan

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Dadu Sambilan Elementary School

High School: Kapingkong National High School

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

41
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Clarck A. Dordas

Address: Sitio S’Daf Panamin, Brgy. Sumilil,
Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: March 25, 1999
Age: 23
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 55
Father: Rannie C. Dordas
Mother: Mildred A. Dordas

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Gapok Elementary School

High School: Gapok National High School

Senior High School: Isulan National High School

42
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jhariel P. Arquio

Address: Prk. Venus, Tuka Bagumbayan,
Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: July 18, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’7
Weight: 55
Father: Ariel S. Arquio
Mother: Joan P. Arquio

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Bagumbayan Elementary School

High School: Bagumbayan National High School

Senior High School: Bagumbayan National High School

43
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Ali M. Galoy

Address: Prk. Pagkakaisa, Brgy. San Pablo,
Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: May 26, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 60
Father: Kautin B. Galoy
Mother: Suraida B. Madinding

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Amado Fernandez Elementary School

High School: Tacurong National High School

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

44
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Abdul T. Punan

Address: Brgy. Lagao, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: January 3, 2000
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Height: 5’6
Weight: 55
Father: Guimal S. Punan
Mother: Tundaya B. Tunggay

EDUCATIONAL BACKROUND

Elementary: Datu Sambilan Elementary School

High School: Kapingkong National High School

Senior High School: Tacurong National High School

45
Tertiary: Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology, Inc.

Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

46