Coordinates: 34.05°N 74.

38°E

Gulmarg
Gulmarg (Urdu pronunciation:  [gʊlmərɡ]), known as Gulmarag[4]
(Kashmiri pronunciation:  [ɡulmarɨɡ]; lit.  'meadow of flowers')[5] in Gulmarg
Kashmiri, is a town, hill station, popular skiing destination, and notified
Hill Station
area committee in the Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir,
India.[6][7] It is located at a distance of 31 km (19 mi) from Baramulla
and 49 km (30 mi) from Srinagar. The town is situated in the Pir Panjal
Range in the Western Himalayas and lies within the boundaries of
Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.[8]

Contents
Etymology
History
Geology and geography
Climate
Demographics
Tourism
Maharani Temple
Maharaja Palace at Gulmarg
St Mary's Church
Gulmarg Gondola
High Altitude Warfare School
Sport
Gulmarg Winter Games 2020 Houses in Gulmarg, Gulmarg Wildlife
Sanctuary, Gulmarg Gondola,
Golf course
Avalanche information center
Events
Gulmarg in Bollywood
See also Gulmarg

References

Etymology
Originally called Gauri Marg (meaning "the path of Devi
Gauri"),[9][10] its name was changed to 'Gulmarg' in the 1500s by
Yousuf Shah of the Chak dynasty.[11]
Gulmarg is now interpreted as
'meadow of flowers'.[5]

History
 Yousuf Shah Chak, who
ruled Kashmir from 1579 Gulmarg
to 1586, frequented the
place with his queen
Habba Khatoon and
renamed it 'Gulmarg'
("meadow of
flowers").[12][13] Wild
flowers of 21 different
Gulmarg in August 1969 varieties were collected by
the Mughal emperor
Jahangir for his gardens in
Gulmarg.[12][14] In the 19th century, British civil servants started using
Gulmarg as a retreat to escape summers in North Indian plains. Hunting
and golfing were their favorite pastime and three golf courses were Coordinates: 34.05°N 74.38°E
established in Gulmarg including one exclusively for women.[15][14]
Country  India
One of the golf courses survives and at an altitude of 2,650 metres
Union Territory Jammu &
(8,690  ft) is the world's highest golf course.[15] In 1927, British
Kashmir
established a ski club in Gulmarg and two annual ski events were
Division Kashmir
hosted one each during Christmas and Easter.[16][17] Central Asian
District Baramulla
explorer Aurel Stein also visited Gulmarg during this period.[13]
Elevation 2,650 m (8,690 ft)
After the end of British rule in India, Gulmarg became a part of the Population (2011)
independent princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. Pakistan planned an  • Total 1,965[1]
invasion of the state called Operation Gulmarg. One of the routes used
Languages
by the invading militia of Pathan tribesmen, armed and supported by
 • Official Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi,
Pakistani regular troops, passed through the Haji Pir pass and Gulmarg
Dogri, English[2][3]
onto the state capital Srinagar. Gulmarg fell to the invading army, but
the Indian army led by the 1 Sikh Regiment, which had been airlifted to Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Srinagar only after the Dogra ruler of the state Maharaja Hari Singh had PIN 193403
signed an Instrument of Accession with India on 26 October 1947,
Website baramulla.nic.in
successfully defended the outskirts of Srinagar.[18][19] Thereafter, /tourist-place/gulmarg
Indian counterattacks pushed the tribesmen back and many towns (http://baramulla.nic.i
including Gulmarg were recaptured.[20] In 1948, Indian Army n/tourist-place/gulmar
established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High g)
Altitude Warfare School of the Indian army specializing in snow–craft
and winter warfare.[21] On 1 January 1949, the war ended under UN supervision and a Ceasefire line (CFL), which
was rechristened the Line of Control (LOC) by the Shimla Agreement of 1972,[22] came into being close to
Gulmarg.[23]

After Indian Independence, Indian planners sought to develop a destination for Winter sports in India. The
Department of Tourism of the Government of India invited Rudolph Matt, in 1960 to select a suitable location for
such purpose. Matt zeroed in on Gulmarg as a suitable location for the development of a winter sports destination in
India. In 1968, the Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering was established in Gulmarg to train ski instructors. Over the
next decade, Indian planners invested ₹30 million (US$380,000) to transform Gulmarg into a world-class ski
destination. Gulmarg became a centre for skiers from Asian nations.[24] In mid-1980s, heli-skiing was introduced in
Gulmarg in collaboration with the Swiss skier Sylvain Saudan of Himalaya Heli-Ski Club of France.[17]
In the 1990s,
the rise of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir affected tourism in Gulmarg.[24] With the abatement of terrorism in the
area, tourism started to recover in late 1990s. Work on the cable car project between Gulmarg and Apharwat Peak,
which was commissioned in 1988 by Government of Jammu and Kashmir but was subsequently abandoned due to
militancy in 1990, was resumed in 1998. In May 1998, Phase 1 of the project, between Gulmarg and Kongdori,
began its commercial operation. In May 2005, Phase 2 of the project was also inaugurated, making it one of the
longest and highest ropeways of Asia. The chairlift installed as a part of Phase 3 of the project began its operations in
2011. The National Winter Games were held in Gulmarg in 1998, 2004 and 2008.[25] In 2014, Government of
Jammu and Kashmir drafted a Master Plan–2032 for Gulmarg. The plan includes development of a solid-waste
treatment plant on 20 acres of land close to Gulmarg.[26]
Geology and geography
Gulmarg lies in a cup-shaped valley in the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas, at an altitude of 2,650 m (8,694 ft),
56  km from Srinagar.[15] The soil in Gulmarg comprises glacial deposits, lacustrine deposits and moraines of
Pleistocene age covering shales, limestones, sandstones, schists and other varieties of rocks.[27] The natural meadows
of Gulmarg, which are covered with snow in winter, allow the growth of wild flowers such as daisies, forget-me-nots
and buttercups during spring and summer.[15][12] The meadows are interspersed by enclosed parks and small lakes,
and surrounded by forests of green pine and fir.[15] Skiing and other winter sports in Gulmarg are carried out on the
slopes of Apharwat peak at a height of 4,267 m (13,999 ft).[17] Many points on Apharwat peak and Khilanmarg offer
a panoramic view of Nanga Parbat and Harmukh mountains.[15]

Climate
Due to its high elevation, Gulmarg has a humid continental climate where the wet winter season sees heavy snowfall,
especially for its latitude. Summers are moderate in temperature and length, whereas shoulder seasons are relatively
cool.

Climate data for Gulmarg (1981–2010, extremes 1951–2012)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record 11.5
11.4
18.0 23.6 28.0 29.4 29.4 27.6 26.0 23.4 20.0 15.8 29.4

high °C (°F) (52.7) (52.5) (64.4) (74.5) (82.4) (84.9) (84.9) (81.7) (78.8) (74.1) (68.0) (60.4) (84.9)

Average 0.5 1.3 4.8

10.3 15.4 19.5 20.7 20.6 18.8 14.1 9.2
4.4
11.6

high °C (°F) (32.9) (34.3) (40.6) (50.5) (59.7) (67.1) (69.3) (69.1) (65.8) (57.4) (48.6) (39.9) (52.9)

Average −7.7 −6.6 −2.8

1.8
6.1
9.5
11.9 11.8 8.5
3.7
−0.7
−4.7
2.6
low °C (°F) (18.1) (20.1) (27.0) (35.2) (43.0) (49.1) (53.4) (53.2) (47.3) (38.7) (30.7) (23.5) (36.7)

Record low −19.8

−18.0
−14.8 −8.7
−3.2
−3.9
2.8
2.7
−2.8
−6.5
−10.0 −14.0 −19.8

°C (°F) (−3.6) (−0.4) (5.4) (16.3) (26.2) (25.0) (37.0) (36.9) (27.0) (20.3) (14.0) (6.8) (−3.6)

Average
158.2 223.5 251.7
168.6
153.3
103.7
110.8
93.1 62.4 50.3 55.7 103.8
1,535
rainfall mm
(6.23) (8.80) (9.91) (6.64) (6.04) (4.08) (4.36) (3.67) (2.46) (1.98) (2.19) (4.09) (60.43)
(inches)

Average
8.4 10.8 12.2 11.1 10.9 8.9 9.4 8.0 5.5 3.6 3.4 5.3 97.5
rainy days

Average
relative
humidity 72 74 72 66 64 63 73 73 64 59 60 66 67
(%)
(at 17:30 IST)

Source: India Meteorological Department [28][29]

Demographics
At the 2011 Indian census, Gulmarg had a total population of 1,965 over 77 households. The male population in the
town stood at 1,957 while there were only eight females and no children between the ages of 0 and 6 years. Gulmarg
had an average literacy rate of 99.24%, compared to the state average of 67.16%, of which male literacy was 99.23%
and female literacy was 100%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes constituted 0.61% and 0.15% of the
population respectively.[30] Gulmarg has few permanent residents with most residents being tourists or those involved
in the tourism industry.[15]

Tourism
According to CNN, Gulmarg is the "heartland of winter sports in India" and was
rated as Asia's seventh best ski destination.[31][32] The town is accessible from
Srinagar by road via Tangmarg.
The road climbs uphill in the last 12 kilometres
to Gulmarg passing through forests of pine and fir.[15][12][14] Winter sports like
skiing, tobogganing, snowboarding and heli-skiing take place on the slopes of
Mount Apharwat reachable by a Gondola lift.[17] In February 2022, the World's
largest igloo cafe was opened in Gulmarg.[33] It was made with a height of 37.5
feet and a diameter of 44.5 feet.[34] Around 40 people can eat there at a time.[35]

Maharani Temple

Maharani Temple (commonly known as Shiv Temple of Gulmarg) was built by a Religion in Gulmarg
Hindu ruler Maharaja Hari Singh for his wife Maharani Mohini Bai Sisodia who (2011)[1]
ruled till 1915. This temple was considered as the stately possession of Dogra
kings. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and Parvati. This temple is situated on a    Hinduism (86.67%)
slight hilltop with greenery. This temple is visible from all corners of    Islam (12.42%)
Gulmarg.[36]    Sikhism (0.36%)
   Christianity (0.56%)

Maharaja Palace at Gulmarg

The 8700 sq ft Palace was built by Maharaja Hari Singh in early 19th
century.[37]

St Mary's Church

The St Mary's Church is located in the valley of Shepherds in Domestic tourists at Gulmarg
Gulmarg.[38][39]
It was built in 1902, during the period of British rule, and
was constructed in a British style. Made of grey brick with a green roof and
decorated wooden interior walls, it has been described as a "Victorian
architectural wonder".[40]
In 1920 the church saw the wedding of the brother
of Bruce Bairnsfather; Miss Eleanor Hardy Tipping married Capt. T. D.
Bairnsfather, with newspapers describing the church as "very prettily
decorated" and with the service conducted by Rev Canon Buckwell in the
presence of both organ and a full choir.[41][42]

St Mary's was closed for years but was renovated and reopened in 2003,
holding its first Christmas service there for 14 years.[43] The church belongs Maharani Temple in Gulmarg
to the Diocese of Amritsar, Church Of North India.

Gulmarg Gondola

Built by the French company Pomagalski, the Gulmarg Gondola is one of the
highest in the world reaching 3,979 metres.[44] The two-stage ropeway ferries
about 600 people per hour between Gulmarg and a shoulder of nearby
Apharwat Peak (4,200 metres (13,800  ft)). The first stage transfers from
Gulmarg at 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) to Kongdoori at 3,080 metres (10,100 ft).
The second stage which has 36 cabins and 18 towers, takes passengers to a
St Mary's Church in Gulmarg
height of 3,950 metres (12,960  ft) on the Apharwat Peak 4,200 metres
(13,800 ft). A chair lift system connects Kongdoori with Mary's shoulder for
taking skiers to higher altitudes. The high inflow of tourists has had an effect
on the fragile eco-system of Gulmarg and activists have demanded tighter regulation to save the environment of the
area from over-tourism.[45]
[46]

An accident occurred on 15 June 2017 due to an enormous pine tree being

uprooted by a gust of wind and breaking the perspex windows on one of the
gondola cabins, causing it to swing violently and its seven occupants to fall
100 ft (30 m) to the ground.[47]

High Altitude Warfare School

Gulmarg Gondola
In 1948, the Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg that later
became the High Altitude Warfare School, which specializes in snow–craft
and winter warfare.[48] It is located in an area which is prone to avalanches.

Sport

Gulmarg Winter Games 2020

Ski Resort Terrain Map showing
The first-ever Khelo India Winter Games were held from 7 March at Gulmarg
Gulmarg Gondola, lift, and terrain
in Jammu and Kashmir. Around 955 participants took part in the 5-day event.
Organised by Jammu and Kashmir Sports Council in collaboration Union
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Games included various sports
disciplines at the ski resort of Gulmarg in north Kashmir from 7 to 11 March.[49]

Golf course

Situated at an altitude of 2,650 m, it is the highest green golf course in the world. The historic Gulmarg Golf Club was
started in 1911 by the British who used the place as a holiday resort. The origin of Gulmarg as the golfing centre of
India goes back to the late 19th century when a 6-hole course was made in 1890-91 by Colonel Neville Chamberlain.
The first golf championship was played at Gulmarg in 1922. The Nedou's Cup was introduced in 1929.

Avalanche information center

In 2008 an American avalanche forecaster named Brian Newman began an NPO named Gulmarg Avalanche Center.
The purpose of this organization was to dispense daily avalanche risk bulletins to visitors entering the unmanaged
backcountry surrounding the Gulmarg ski area. The centre provides avalanche education including a free weekly
avalanche awareness talk during the winter season.

Events
An annual three-day Gulmarg Winter Festival is held in March. Budding artists in the fields of music, films and
photography are given an opportunity to showcase their work during the festival.

Gulmarg in Bollywood
Gulmarg has been the shooting location many Bollywood films like Bobby, Aap Ki Kasam, Jab Tak Hai Jaan,[50]
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, Highway, Phantom, Haider, etc.[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]

See also
Dal lake
Peer Ki Gali
 Aharbal
Gangabal
Kokernag
Dachigam National Park
Sonamarg
Verinag
Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden
Kausar Nag
Zabarwan Range
Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport
Jammu-Baramulla line
Mughal Road
Kolahoi Peak
Martand Sun Temple
Amarnath Cave
Chiranbal
Kashmir Railway
Kheer Bhawani
Pahalgam
Gurez

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