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    Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture: Waste Management


    Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture

    Chapter · August 2019


    DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0031-6.ch009

    CITATIONS READS

    2 3,131

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    Bhat Mohd Skinder Junaid Ahmad Malik


    University of Kashmir Govt. Degree College Bijbehara Kashmir
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    156

    Chapter 9
    Waste Management Technology
    for Sustainable Agriculture:
    Waste Management

    Muzaffar Ahmad Bhat


    Barkatullah University, India

    A. Wani Adil
    Sagar University, India

    Bhat Mohammad Sikander


    University of Kashmir, India

    Yaqoob Lone
    Sagar University, India

    Junaid Ahmad. Malik


    PG College Videysha, India

    ABSTRACT
    The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling, and monitoring of wastes is called waste
    management. The waste management is undertaken to recycle the wastes so as to reduce the ill effects
    of wastes on environment, health, and aesthetics. There are several kinds of wastes produced such as
    agricultural wastes, municipal wastes, industrial waste, mining waste. Some wastes are more hazardous
    such as medical wastes and nuclear wastes. Various techniques are used for the management of wastes
    which includes landfilling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, recycling,
    composting. Anaerobic digestion produces biofuel in the form of biogas. Plasma gasification results
    in the generation of electricity from wastes. Recycling of wastes involves the collection, sorting, and
    reprocessing of wastes into new products. Vermicomposting is the preferred form of composting as it
    results in the formation of vermicompost called black gold due to the presence of rich nutrients and
    growth promoting factors in it.

    DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0031-6.ch009

    Copyright © 2020, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
    
    Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture

    INTRODUCTION

    Due to industrialization, urbanization and increase in population density, there has been an increase in
    the accumulation of wastes. The wastes include radioactive substances, agricultural wastes, food wastes,
    industrial wastes, municipal wastes, garbage, paper waste etc. There has been decrease in the availability
    of open land space for the disposal of wastes due to intensive use of land for residential, industrial and
    commercial purposes. In order to reduce the load of wastes on earth, the collection, transport, recycling
    and disposal of wastes needs to be improvised (AshaAalok et al., 2008).
    The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling and monitoring of wastes is called as waste
    management (Burke et al., 2005). Waste management can be costly so it is important to understand the
    various effective, sustainable and safe means of its management (El-Haggar, 2007).The three R`s “reduce,
    reuse, and recycle have become the basic tenet in waste management due increase in generation of wastes,
    increase in processing costs and decrease in available landfill space (El-Haggar, 2007; Seadon, 2006;
    Suttibak & Nitivattananon, 2008; Tudor et al., 2011). There should be flexibility in waste management
    systems in light of changing environmental, social and economic conditions (McDougall et al., 2001;
    Scharfe, 2010).To optimize, evaluate, adapt and define waste management systems, the information and
    feedback can be obtained from system analysis (Pires et al., 2010).
    The reduction of wastes is placed at the top of waste management hierarchies because the best means
    of waste management is to reduce waste by not creating it in first place (USEPA, 2010). The reduction
    of wastes can also be achieved through the reuse of products. The reduction and reuse of wastes saves
    natural resources, reduces generation of wastes and reduces the costs associated with waste disposal
    (USEPA, 2010).
    The waste management is undertaken to recycle the wastes so as to reduce the ill effects of wastes on
    environment, health and aesthetics (Gajalakshmi & Abbasi, 2003). The wastes may be either in solid,
    liquid or gaseous form. The process of waste management varies for rural and urban areas, for municipal
    and industrial wastes, for developed and developing nations. The management of municipal wastes is
    the responsibility of local government while as the management of industrial waste is the responsibility
    of generator (Verdone & De Filippis, 2004). The developed nations use various novel technologies to
    reduce the negative impacts of waste or use an effective management to exploit it (Henry & Heinke,
    1989; Cunningham et al., 2007).

    WASTE CATEGORIES

    There are several kinds of wastes produced; some are more hazardous such as medical wastes and nuclear
    wastes (British Medical Association, 1999). Wastes are released into air, water or land. Following are
    the main categories of wastes:

    Solid Waste

    Solid wastes are the wastes that are that are deposited at the site where they are produced. They are
    further categorized into following types:

    157
    19 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may
    be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage:
    www.igi-global.com/chapter/waste-management-technology-for-sustainable-
    agriculture/234625?camid=4v1

    This title is available in InfoSci-Books, InfoSci-Environmental, Agricultural,


    and Physical Sciences, InfoSci-Science and Engineering, Science,
    Engineering, and Information Technology, Practice, Progress, and
    Proficiency in Sustainability. Recommend this product to your librarian:
    www.igi-global.com/e-resources/library-recommendation/?id=1

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