11 I January 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48643
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Signature Verification Using Python

K. Sujith1, S. Ramreddy2, G. Mahesh3, Dr. Jayaprakasan4, Yerraboina Sreenivasulu5
1, 2, 3 4, 5
Student, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1,2,3,4Sreenidhi Institute of Science and
Technology, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, India.

Abstract: Each individual has a distinctive signature that is primarily used for personal identification and the confirmation of
significant papers orlegal transactions. Static (offline) and dynamic signature verification come in two flavours (online).
After a signature has been made, it can be verified using a method known as static verification. For a lot of documents, off line
signature verification is ineffective and slow. Online biometric personal verification, such as fingerprints, eye scans, etc., has
increased in recent years as a way to get over the limitations of offline signature verification. Convolution neural network
(CNN)-based offline signature verification is proposed inthis study.
We can extract more accurate representations of the image content using a neural network model called CNN. In order to
improve categorization, CNN starts with the raw pixel datafrom the image, trains the model, and then automatically extracts the
features. CNN's key advantage over its forerunners is that it automatically identifies significant features without human
supervision and that it predicts images with the highest degree of accuracy of any algorithm.
Keywords: Convolution neural network, document signature.

I. INTRODUCTION
Offline signatures are handwritten signatures that were scanned from paper documents. The automatic verification of signatures
found on bank checks and other documents can be done with the help of off-line signature analysis, which can be done using a
scanned image of the signature using a regular camera or scanner. Socially and legally, handwritten signatures are accepted in daily
life. These areutilised as characteristics for each person's biometric data.
Biometric identification is the term used to describe the automatic identification of people based on their physiological and
behavioural traits. The need for easier access controls to personal authentication systems is urgent, and it appears that biometrics
might be the solution. Your body can be used to uniquely identify you rather than carrying around a lot of keys, access cards, or
passwords.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

There are several applications for identification and authentication that use handwritten signature recognition, which is a significant
behavioural biometric. Online and offline are the two primary techniques for recognising signatures. Online signature recognition is
a dynamic process that takes into account factors including writing speed, stylus direction changes, and the quantity of pen ups and
downs usedwhile creating the signature.
Offline signature recognition uses a static method that treats a signature like a picture and infers the author based on the properties
of the signature. Off- line signature recognition currently uses template matching, which compares a test image to a number of
specimen images to guess who signed the document.
Both memory usage and temporal complexity are high for this. This study suggests a Convolution Neural Network-based technique
for offline signature recognition. With only a few training signature samples, the goal of this study is to achieve high-accuracy
multi-class categorization. Using a variety of image processing techniques, images are reprocessed to separate the signature pixels
from the background/noise pixels. The system is initially taught with 27 real signatures, each from a different ten authors. The
identity of a test signature as belonging to one of the 10 writers is predicted using a convolution neural network. To show how well
the suggested solution works, various publicly available datasets are used.
For off-line handwritten signature recognition, we have presented a convolution neural network design. We tested the model using
two optimizers on three different datasets and assessed its performance. Because Adam training offered greater validation accuracy
for all three types of signatures, it may be stated that the model's adaptability was increased. The suggested model could be used in
the future to verify signatures along with retrained models like Inception-V3, which would accurately classify whether a signature is
real or fake based on a small number of training samples.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 891
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

III. METHODOLOGY

Fig 1. Block Diagram

A. Dataset
A collection of picture data including handwritten signatures from several authors would be required by the signature verification
system. Each person's set of five photographs and sample were gathered for four different pupils, resulting in a database with 20
different images for each individual.
This section outlines the anticipated process for system development. Thefollowing points are described:
1) Signature Obtaining
2) Signatory pre-processing
3) Feature Extrapolation
4) Signatures are processed.
5) Verification of signatures

B. Signature Acquisition

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 892
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

C. Signature Preprocessing

Work and its underlying premise current work Different strategies for feature extraction and classification are used by existing
algorithms.
For present methodologies, the time complexity is relatively high because we previously used machine learning algorithms where
feature extraction and classification were done separately. Existing methods are inaccurate and have a high false acceptance rate.
Distance classifiers, SVM, KNN, and other existing classifiers proposed project
The preliminary preprocessing of an offline rough handwritten signature to prepare it for future processing is the initial contribution
of this research. The creation of a brand-new joint feature learning framework, which can be used to merge intermediate features
calculated in a deep network, is the second contribution. In most cases, deep learning architectures generate a number of
intermediate features from input data and only use the top-level features for representation and classification. Here, for feature
learning and classification, we employed a hybrid framework by auto-encoders and softmax layer.

IV. RESULT
The presented results depend on whether they match or not. The proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art methods, according
to both subjective and objective examination. To provide a thorough analysis, the confusion matrix is plotted according to the
results. Easyanalysis is possible because to the GUI.

1) To execute the project, double-click the "run.bat" fileto see the output shown below:

Fig :1

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

2) To upload a dataset, select the "Upload SignatureDataset" button in the aforementioned panel. The outcome is shown below:

3) In the above-displayed dataset, you can notice; in the following-displayed Two distinct folders, each containing one sort of
signature, are found in the dataset folder:

4) In above screen go inside any folder to view its images:

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 894
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

5) In above screen we can see dataset contains 151 images from 2 different signatures and now dataset is ready and nowclick on
‘Train CNN Algorithm’ button to train CNN and getits training accuracy value:

6) In above screen with CNN we got 96% accuracy and nowclick on ‘Accuracy Comparison Graph’ button to get below output:

In above graph x-axis represents training EPOCH and y-axis represents accuracy and loss values and in above graph green line
represents accuracy and yellow line represents loss and we can see with each increasing epoch accuracy got increase and loss got
decrease.
Now close above graph and then click on ‘Predict Signature’ button to upload test image and get below output.Once we have
uploaded a signature image for its verificationand result is shown below screen,

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 895
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

7) Layers used are shown below:

V. ADVANTAGES
1) It automatically detects without any human supervision.
2) A simple and effective method for identifying aperson's signature.

VI. CONCLUSION
In this project, we provide a straightforward method for offline signature verification, in which the signature is written on paper and
converted to an image format or taken using a tablet or mobile device.
Preprocessing on input, one of the main goals of Matlab toolboxes, is successfully accomplished to obtain the final, updated input.
The second is based on deep learning and uses softmaxlayer and auto encoders. The application'sGUI is set up for simple
understanding.
Through the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN), offlinesignature verification has been carried out in this study. We can
extract more accurate representations of the image content using aneural network model called CNN. For improved categorization,
CNN uses the image's raw pixel data to train a model before automatically extracting features. The biggest benefit
In comparison to its forerunners, it automatically recognisesthe crucial details without human supervision and has the best level of
image prediction accuracy. The GUI application is used for the uploading, training, andtesting of the code using previously
submitted data. Offline signature verification is made simple, quick, and clear usingthis method.

REFERENCES
[1] Identifying Handwritten Signatures Using Convolutional Neural Networks
[2] Dynamic Signature VerificationMethod Based on a Single Real Signature
[3] Three. Y. Akbari, M. J. Jalili, J. Sadri,
[4] K. Nouri, I. Siddiqi, and C. Djeddi. a cutting-edge database for the automatedprocessing of Persian bank checks. 253-265 in Pattern Recognition 74 (2018).
[5] W. Bouamra, C. Djeddi, B. Nini, M.Diaz, and I. Siddiqi. 2018. Toward the Design of an Offline Signature Verifies Based on a Limited Number of Real
Samples for Training. 182-195 in ExpertSystems with Applications 107 (2018).
[6] Dynamic Signature VerificationMethod Based on a Single Real Signature
[7] Offline signature verification basedon neural network classification and geometric feature extraction
[8] An analysis of handwritten signature technology from a perspective

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