Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 38 views

    1.2.8 Core Practical Investigating Force & Extensio

    Uploaded by

    kirisu kirisu
    This document describes an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and extension for springs, rubber bands, and metal wires. The experiment involves measuring the extension of the material as hanging masses are added to produce increased forces. A graph of force versus extension should produce a linear relationship for materials that obey Hooke's law. Safety precautions like wearing goggles and securing equipment are recommended to prevent injury.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1.2.8 Core Practical Investigating Force & Extensio

    Uploaded by

    kirisu kirisu
    38 views7 pages
    This document describes an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and extension for springs, rubber bands, and metal wires. The experiment involves measuring the extension of the material as hanging masses are added to produce increased forces. A graph of force versus extension should produce a linear relationship for materials that obey Hooke's law. Safety precautions like wearing goggles and securing equipment are recommended to prevent injury.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document describes an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and extension for springs, rubber bands, and metal wires. The experiment involves measuring the extension of the material as hanging masses are added to produce increased forces. A graph of force versus extension should produce a linear relationship for materials that obey Hooke's law. Safety precautions like wearing goggles and securing equipment are recommended to prevent injury.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views7 pages

    1.2.8 Core Practical Investigating Force & Extensio

    Uploaded by

    kirisu kirisu
    This document describes an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and extension for springs, rubber bands, and metal wires. The experiment involves measuring the extension of the material as hanging masses are added to produce increased forces. A graph of force versus extension should produce a linear relationship for materials that obey Hooke's law. Safety precautions like wearing goggles and securing equipment are recommended to prevent injury.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    1.2.

    8 Core Practical: Investigating Force &


    Extension
    DOWNLOAD PDFTEST YOURSELF

    Core Practical 2: Investigating Force & Extension


    Equipment List
     Resolution of measuring equipment:
    o Ruler = 1 mm

    Experiment 1: Investigating Springs & Rubber Bands

     The aim of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between force and extension for


    a spring and a rubber band:

    Variables:

     Independent variable = Force, F


     Dependent variable = Extension, e

    Method

    Investigating force-extension apparatus for a spring (and rubber band)


    1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram, initially without any masses hanging from the
    spring / rubber band
    2. Align the marker to a value on the ruler, record this initial length of the spring / rubber band
    3. Add the 100 g mass hanger onto the spring / rubber band
    4. Record the mass (in kg) and position (in cm) from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band
    has extended
    5. Add another 100 g to the mass hanger
    6. Record the new mass and position from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band has
    extended further
    7. Repeat this process until all masses have been added
    8. Remove the masses and repeat the entire process again, until it has been carried out a total of
    three times, and an average length (for each mass attached) is calculated

    Say goodbye to ads. Join now

     An example table of results might look like this:

    Experiment 2: Investigating Metal Wires

     The aim of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between force and extension for a
    metal wire

    Variables:
     Independent variable = Force, F
     Dependent variable = Extension, e

    Method

    Investigating force-extension apparatus for a metal (e.g. copper) wire

    1. Set up the apparatus so the wire is taut. No masses should be attached just yet
    2. Measure the original length of the wire using a metre ruler and mark a reference point with
    tape preferably near the beginning of the scale eg. at 1 cm
    3. Record the initial reading on the ruler of the reference point
    4. Add a 100 g mass onto the mass hanger
    5. Read and record the new reading of the tape marker from the meter ruler now that the metal
    wire has extended
    6. Repeat this process until all masses have been added
    7. Remove the masses and repeat the entire process again, until it has been carried out a total of
    three times, and an average length (for each mass attached) is calculated

     An example table of results might look like this:


    Analysis of Results

     The force, F added to the spring / rubber band / metal wire is the weight of the mass
     The weight is calculated using the equation:

    W = m × g

     Where:
    o W = weight in newtons (N)
    o m = mass in kilograms (kg)
    o g = gravitational field strength on Earth in newtons per kg (N/kg)

     Therefore, multiply each mass by gravitational field strength, g, to calculate the force, F
    o The force can be calculated by multiplying the mass (in kg) by 10 N/kg

     The extension e of the spring / rubber band is calculated using the equation:

    e = average length – original length

     The final length is the length of the spring / rubber band recorded from the ruler after the
    masses were added
     The extension e of the metal wire is calculated using the equation:

    e = new marker reading − reference point reading


     The original length is the length of the spring / rubber band / metal wire when there
    were no masses attached

    1. Plot a graph of the force against extension for the spring / rubber band / metal wire
    2. Draw a line or curve of best fit
    3. If the graph has a linear region (is a straight line), then the force is proportional to the
    extension

    Evaluating the Experiment

    Systematic Errors:

     Make sure the measurements on the ruler are taken at eye level to avoid parallax error

    Random Errors:

     The accuracy of such an experiment is improved with the use of a pointer (a fiducial marker)
    Fiducial marker to measure the extension more accurately

     Wait a few seconds for the spring / rubber band / metal wire to fully extend when a mass is
    added, before taking the reading for its new length
     Make sure to check whether the spring has not gone past its limit of
    proportionality otherwise, it has been stretched too far

    Safety Considerations

     Wear goggles during this experiment in case the spring snaps


     Stand up while carrying out the experiment making sure no feet are directly under the masses
     Place a mat or a soft material below the masses to prevent any damage in case they fall
     Use a G clamp to secure the clamp stand to the desk so that the clamp and masses do not fall
    over
    o As well as this, place each mass carefully on the hanger and do not pull the spring too
    hard that it breaks or pulls the apparatus over

    You might also like