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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*3291778503*

CHEMISTRY 0620/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2016

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

IB16 06_0620_42/3RP
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1
(a) For each of the following, give the name of an element from Period 2 (lithium to neon), which
matches the description.
Elements may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) an element which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) an element which forms an oxide that is a reactant in photosynthesis

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) an element that is a product of photosynthesis

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) an element that makes up approximately 78% by volume of the air

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) an element which has atoms with a full outer shell of electrons

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) an element which exists as both diamond and graphite

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vii) an element that reacts vigorously with cold water

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(viii) a soft metallic element which is stored in oil

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give the formula of a compound that contains

(i) only boron and oxygen, ................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) only lithium and nitrogen. . ............................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

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2 (a) (i) Define the term atomic number.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Define the term nucleon number.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or ions.

Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

number of number of number of symbol or

particle
protons electrons neutrons formula
12
A 6 6 6 6C

B 12 12 12

C 8 16 2-
8O

D 11 10 13
[6]

[Total: 9]

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3 Gallium is a metallic element in Group III. It has similar properties to aluminium.

(a) (i) Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element.

You should include a labelled diagram in your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain why metallic elements such as gallium are good conductors of electricity.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give the formula of

gallium(III) chloride, ...................................................................................................................

gallium(III) sulfate. .....................................................................................................................

[2]

(c) Gallium(III) oxide, Ga2O3, is amphoteric.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gallium(III) oxide and dilute nitric
acid to form a salt and water only.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The reaction between gallium(III) oxide and sodium hydroxide solution forms only water
and a salt containing the negative ion Ga2O42–.

Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Alloys of gallium and other elements are often more useful than the metallic element itself.

Suggest two reasons why alloys of gallium are more useful than the metallic element.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 12]

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4 Hydrogen can be manufactured from methane by steam reforming.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)

The reaction is carried out using a nickel catalyst at temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C and
using a pressure of one atmosphere.

The forward reaction is endothermic.

(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Suggest two reasons why a temperature lower than 700 °C is not used.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Suggest one advantage of using a pressure greater than one atmosphere.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Suggest one disadvantage of using a pressure greater than one atmosphere.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Hydrogen can also be manufactured by electrolysis. The electrolyte is concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride. The electrodes are inert.

The products of electrolysis are hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

(i) Define the term electrolysis.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Name a substance that can be used as the inert electrodes.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction in which hydrogen is produced.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Where is hydrogen produced in the electrolytic cell?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(v) Describe a test for chlorine.

test . .....................................................................................................................................

result . ..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(f) The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride can be represented by the following
word equation.

sodium chloride + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen + chlorine

 onstruct a chemical equation to represent this reaction. Do not include state symbols.
C

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(g) State one use of

chlorine, ......................................................................................................................................

sodium hydroxide, ......................................................................................................................

hydrogen. ...................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 18]

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5 (a) Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon only.

• 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, are burned in 100 cm3 of oxygen, which is an

excess of oxygen.

• After cooling to room temperature and pressure, there is 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen,
50 cm3 of carbon dioxide and some liquid water.

All volumes are measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

(i) What is meant by an excess of oxygen?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Complete the table below to express the smallest whole number ratio of

volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

volume of
volume of volume of
carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

smallest whole
number ratio of
volumes
[1]

(iv) Use your answer to (a)(iii) to find the mole ratio in the equation below. Complete the
equation and deduce the formula of the hydrocarbon.

.........CxHy(g) + .........O2(g) → .........CO2(g) + .........H2O(l)

formula of hydrocarbon = ...........................................

[2]

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(b) Cracking is used to convert long chain alkanes into shorter chain alkanes and alkenes. Alkenes
are unsaturated compounds.

Decane, C10H22, can be cracked to give propene and one other product.

(i) Complete the chemical equation.

C10H22 → C3H6 + ...............

[1]

(ii) What is meant by the term unsaturated?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Describe a test to show that propene is an unsaturated compound.

test . .....................................................................................................................................

result . ..................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Propene can be polymerised. The only product is polypropene. The equation for the
polymerisation is:

CH3 H

nC3H6 C C

H H n

(i) Name the type of polymerisation that occurs.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Deduce the maximum mass of polypropene that could be produced from 1 kg of propene.

............... kg [1]

(iii) Give the empirical formula of

propene, ..............................................................................................................................

polypropene. . ......................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 13]

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6 Zinc is extracted from an ore called zinc blende, which consists mainly of zinc sulfide, ZnS.

(a) (i) The zinc sulfide in the ore is first converted into zinc oxide.

Describe how zinc oxide is made from zinc sulfide.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in (a)(i).

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Zinc oxide is converted into zinc. Zinc oxide and coke are fed into a furnace. Hot air is blown
into the bottom of the furnace.

Zinc has a melting point of 420 °C and a boiling point of 907 °C. The temperature inside the
furnace is over 1000 °C.

(i) Explain how zinc oxide is converted into zinc. Your answer should include details of how
the heat is produced and equations for all the reactions you describe.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain why the zinc produced inside the furnace is a gas.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the physical change for conversion of gaseous zinc into molten zinc.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) Rusting of steel can be prevented by coating the steel with a layer of zinc.

Explain, in terms of electron transfer, why steel does not rust even if the layer of zinc is
scratched so that the steel is exposed to air and water.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) When a sample of steel is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of
iron(II) chloride, FeCl 2, is formed.

When a sample of rust is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of

iron(III) chloride, FeCl 3, is formed.

(i) Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the solutions of iron(II) chloride and
iron(III) chloride.

Complete the table below, showing the observations you would expect to make.

iron(II) chloride solution iron(III) chloride solution

aqueous
sodium hydroxide

[2]

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Solutions of iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride were added to solutions of potassium iodide
and acidified potassium manganate(VII). The results are shown in the table.

iron(II) chloride iron(III) chloride

solution solution
solution turns
potassium
no change from colourless
iodide solution
to brown

acidified potassium solution turns

manganate(VII) from purple no change
solution to colourless

(ii) What types of substance cause potassium iodide solution to turn from colourless to
brown?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) What types of substance cause acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution to turn from
purple to colourless?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Which ion in iron(III) chloride solution causes potassium iodide solution to turn from
colourless to brown?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Which ion in iron(II) chloride solution causes acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
to turn from purple to colourless?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 18]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
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be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/M/J/16

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2016
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/42/M/J/16
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
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The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)