CDI5 Module 3 Lesson Proper

CDI5 – Module 3 – Lesson Proper
BASIC GRAMMAR REVIEW

This lesson is geared towards directing the learner on reviewing the basics of English grammar.
The skills acquisition on correct grammar is important, before the learner engages in the actual writing
process of this course, he needs to go back and review on the basics. Though English grammar has
already been taught in other English subjects, still the writer needs to reinforce his learning through
constant review, repetition, and practice. The basic elements of grammar like the Eight Parts of Speech,
which are the Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Adjectives, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections,
are reviewed in this unit to reinforce previous leanings. The sentence and its kinds are also emphasized to
aid the learner in composing parallel paragraphs using appropriate transitional markers, and sentences free
from errors of comma splices and dangling modifiers. Moreover, agreement and grammar rules are
reviewed to remind the learner that correct grammar and usage are important factors in good writing,
because a well written material will lose its significance when correct grammar usage is not followed.
Basic Elements of Grammar The words in the English language can be designated to one of the
eight categories, known as the Parts of Speech. The meaning and the way the words are used in a
sentence determine what part of speech it is. These parts of speech are considered as one of the basic
elements of grammar. Each of the part functions in accordance with the standard rules of grammar. The
eight parts of speech are discussed in details in the next pages.
1. Nouns - The largest of the parts of speech categories constitute nouns. It names a person,
place or a thing. The chart below shows the kinds of nouns with its corresponding description
and examples:
a. Abstract Nouns- name something that is non-physical that one cannot readily perceive
through any of the five senses. Examples: (nationalism, terrorism, delinquency,
morality love, credibility). As used in a sentence: A Policeman's credibility and morality
is in question if he is involved in illegal activities.
b. Compound Nouns- composed of two or more words acting as a single unit. Examples:
(fingerprint, shot gun, police officer in charge Director General) As used in a sentence:
The Director General ordered the police officer in-charge of the case to submit a
written report about the incident.
c. Concrete Nouns- name something that one can physically see, touch, taste, hear, or
smell. Examples: (criminal, police officer, jail, courtroom, patrol car gun, dead body,
police station) As used in a sentence: The gun used by the criminal is in the Police
station.
d. Common Nouns- any one of a class of people, places, or things Examples: (victim,
cop, explosives, station, district, evidence) As used in a sentence: The victims of the
explosion were assisted by the cop.
e. Proper Nouns- name a specific person, place, or thing. Examples: (Crimgst. Paulino
Pioquinto, College of Criminology, Philippine National Police, Lapu-Lapu City Police
Station) As used in a sentence: Crmgst. Paulino Pioquinto is the Chaiperson of UCLM

College of Criminology.
f. Collective Nouns- name a group of people or things, its meaning may be either
singular or plural depending on how it is used in the sentence. Examples: (council,
delegation, jury, team, committee, troop. entourage). As used in a sentence: The
biggest delegation of police officers came from Cebu City.
2. Pronouns are words that help writers avoid awkward repetition of nouns. They are used in
replacement of nouns. Examples: (a) Mar is taking up BS Criminology at University of Cebu;
he will graduate next year. (b) The crime scene was secured. The police officer cordoned it.
Antecedents - Antecedents are nouns or words that take the place of nouns for which pronoun
stands. The italicized word in the examples below is the antecedent of the underlined pronoun.
Examples (a) Before their release, the victims paid a ransom. (b) While writing his notes, the
police officer noticed errors in it. The chart below shows the different kinds of pronouns with its
corresponding description and example:
Figure
2 – English Pronoun
Source:
https://7esl.com/english-pronouns/
3. Preposition - repositions and

postpositions, together called
adpositions, are a class of
words used to express spatial
or temporal relations or
mark various semantic roles.
Figure 3– Prepositions
Source: https://eslforums.com/in-on-at/
4. Verbs - Verbs are words or group of words that express time while showing an action, a
condition, or the fact that something exists. Every complete sentence contains at least 1 verb.
The examples below show the different kinds of verb with its corresponding one verb.
a. Action Verb - Make up the majority of the English verbs; they expressed either
physical or mental action - that is what someone or something does, did, or will do.
i. The suspect attempted to jump over the fence.
ii. The police officer blows his whistle incessantly. L
b. Linking Verb - These verbs serve a more passive function, because it just simply
express a condition showing that something exist.
i. John Raymond is an outstanding law enforcer.
ii. They are both senior officers of the Philippine National Police.
c. Be Verb - These are the most common linking verbs; when be verbs act as liking
verbs, they express the condition of the subject, and sometimes they merely express
existence usually by working with other words to show where the subject is located.
i. The suspects are inside the interrogation room.
ii. The suspect will be subjected to a lie polygraph test.
(Examples: am, are, is, was, were, will be, was being, were being, have been, had been,
and has been)
d. Transitive Verb - These verbs direct actions toward someone or something that is
named in the same sentence; the word toward which transitive verb directs its action is
called the object of the verb.
i. He filed an affidavit of complaint.
ii. The medical examiner made an autopsy report of the victims.
e. intransitive Verb- These verbs do not direct action toward someone or something that
is named in the sentence; and they never have objects.
i. I washed, dressed, and went out
ii. Kevin couldn't read or write.
5. Adjectives - Adjectives are words that qualify the meaning of a noun or pronoun by giving
description about its appearance, location, and other characteristics. It can answer four
questions about a noun, as exemplified below:
i. What kind? (what kind of car?)
ii. Which one? (which witness?)
iii. How many? (how many pistols)
iv. How much? (how much ransom was paid?)
Figure 4 – Adjectives
Source: https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives.htm
6. Adverb is a word or an expression that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner,
clause, preposition, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency,
degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how?, in what way?, when?,
where?, and to what extent?
Figure 5– Adverbs
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch/L0USJe44yS4
7. Conjunctions are words used to join or connect other words in a sentence. Below are the
descriptions and examples of the three kinds of conjunctions. There are three kinds of
conjunctions, namely: Coordinating, Subordinating, and Correlative.
8. Interjections- An interjection is a word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and
expresses a spontaneous feeling or reaction. It is a diverse category, encompassing many
different parts of speech, such as exclamations, curses, greetings, response particles,
hesitation markers and other words.

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CDI5 – Module 3 – Lesson Proper

BASIC GRAMMAR REVIEW

Station) As used in a sentence: Crmgst. Paulino Pioquinto is the Chaiperson of UCLM

3. Preposition - repositions and

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