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ROTARY TWIN SCREW COMPRESSORS

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

WORLD PIONEERS OF ROTARY TWIN SCREW COMPRESSORS

HOWDEN MANUFACTURES OIL INJECTED AND OIL FREE ROTARY TWIN SCREW COMPRESSORS, AND SUPPLIES BARE SHAFT OIL INJECTED SCREW COMPRESSORS FOR USE IN THE REFRIGERATION, GAS PROCESSING AND OTHER INDUSTRIES.
Rotary twin screw compressor technology was developed in the 1930s by a Swedish company, SRM, in collaboration with Howden. We manufactured the worlds first operational screw compressor and further developed the technology in the 1960s with the introduction of the oil injected twin screw compressor. This has revolutionised designs of refrigeration and gas handling plants worldwide. Today, in thousands of installations worldwide, our oil injected screw compressors provide high integrity, low maintenance solutions for liquid chilling, direct refrigeration and gas compression applications.

COMPRESSOR PACKAGE SYSTEMS

Howden Compressors is a specialist manufacturer of twin screw compressors. We supply oil injected bare shaft compressor units to independent packagers worldwide who design and supply gas and refrigeration systems on a local basis. For high specification process critical applications we can offer this packaging service by use of our own specialist knowledge and capabilities through our Howden global companies.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Our leadership in technology has been maintained over many years by total commitment to continuous product development. In particular, we are committed to ensuring that products meet current and future demands for environmental protection by using CFC free refrigerants and by containment of hazardous gases. Moreover our compressors have been developed to operate at high efficiencies to conserve energy and give low operating costs. Our compressors are capable of operation on all known refrigerants and gases. We have over 30 years of experience on CO2 compression, and as CO2 becomes a standard refrigerant we have a proven compressor product available. We are also actively increasing the range of our products to match customer requirements, such as high pressure gas boosters for aeroderivative gas turbines, which now typically require gas supply at pressures above 50 bar.

Screw compressor in Howden process gas package

MANUFACTURING EXCELLENCE
We are committed to manufacturing the highest quality compressors in the industry. We employ state of the art machine tools to attain the highest possible accuracy and tolerances so as to produce compressors with high efficiency and outstanding reliability.
ROTORS All rotors for Howden twin screw compressors are machined from solid bar or forgings on highly accurate cutting machinery. The standard material is carbon steel, but forgings or special alloys can be used for more arduous applications. Following machining and balancing to ISO standards, male and female rotors are paired for assembly to ensure the ideal combination for maximum efficiency. CASINGS Casings are precision machined from castings using state of the art horizontal machining centres to achieve the essential close tolerances. Cast iron is the normally casing material; alternative casing materials are spheroidal graphite iron or various grades of steel. The main casing and the inlet and outlet end covers are flanged, bolted and dowelled through flanges to ensure correct alignment. Removal of the end covers provides ready access for maintenance when required. COMPRESSOR ASSEMBLY AND TESTING All oil injected twin screw compressors are factory assembled by skilled engineers. The casing components are hydraulically tested to a minimum of 1.5 times maximum operating pressure to ensure integrity. Additionally, all oil injected compressors are tested with air under water following final assembly. The compressors are then mechanically run on air test rigs to confirm that volumetric efficiency, absorbed power, oil flows and vibration levels meet the stringent acceptance standards.

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

BEST PRACTICES LIFETIME QUALITY AND CARE

QUALITY CONTROL We recognise the importance of a controlled manufacturing environment and Howden companies are accredited to ISO 9001:2000. Ongoing internal and external audits of quality control systems are applied to ensure continued compliance with necessary control procedures. For particular applications quality plans are prepared to meet specific customer requirements.

Today in thousands of applications worldwide, Howden screw compressors provide high integrity, low maintenance solutions for liquid chilling, direct refrigeration and gas compression.
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Our twin screw compressors are designed to match the exacting specifications required by our customers. They comply with International standards and codes, e.g., API 619. Compressors are generally Lloyds approved, and installations have been accepted by many major authorities such as Lloyds, Bureau Veritas, Norske Veritas, RINA, DSRK, Bureau de Mines, ABS, Germanischer Lloyd and NKK.

TESTING Howden has extensive test facilities. Comprehensive testing ensures that the test performance data, particularly relating to the computer selection programs for standard gases and refrigerants, are as accurate as possible. Project specific tests, such as to API 619, can be carried out to customer requirements. Our thorough testing gives confidence that the unit will perform reliably throughout its life. AFTERSALES We provide a lifelong spare parts and maintenance service through our global network. Spare parts are authenticated with our Original Spare Parts certificate and it is recommended that only these parts are used. Parts are generally supplied in pre-packaged in kits that provide all items for particular types of model and maintenance operation.

COMPREHENSIVE TESTING ENSURES THAT THE TEST PERFORMANCE DATA ARE AS ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE.

TWIN SCREW COMPRESSORS PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

DESIGN CONCEPT Compression is achieved by the intermeshing of two helical rotors contained in a suitable casing. Figures 14 give details of the compression cycle. The Howden twin screw compressor is a positive displacement rotary design. As such it has the characteristics and stability of reciprocating compressors but in addition offers particular advantages: Reduced physical size. Fewer moving parts. Low vibration. Extended operating life cycle. Oil cooling. Liquid refrigeration injection. Specialist sealing systems. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Positive displacement Cannot surge. High compression ratios per stage. Rotary action Vibration free running. Extreme reliability & on-line availability. Smooth gas flow, low pulsation. Lightweight foundations. Stiff action rotors Ability to withstand high pressure differences. No inlet or outlet valves Lower maintenance costs. Compact size & light weight Minimal space and foundation requirement, resulting in low installation costs. Designed for long periods of continuous running Maximum on-line availability. Minimal service requirements.
Fig 3 Continued rotation progressively reduces the space occupied by the gas, causing compression. Fig 2 As the rotors mesh, the gas is trapped between the rotors and the casing. Fig 1 Gas is drawn in to fill the interlobe space between adjacent lobes.

OPTIONS Our compressors have a range of design options. Typical ones are: Twin wall construction with sleeve bearings. Single wall construction with roller bearings. Slide valve capacity control from 100% to 10% nominal. Inverter speed control. Variable volume ratio. Superfeed.

Fig 4 Compression continues until the interlobe space becomes exposed to the outlet port, through which the gas is discharged.

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

WRV COMPRESSORS
VERSATILE PROCESS COMPRESSORS FOR ALL APPLICATIONS
WRV compressors set the standard against which industry comparison is made for both gas and refrigeration applications.

Features and benefits of WRV compressors include: Plain-Shell Type Journal Bearings Long operational life span. Double Wall Construction Suitable for high pressure application. Optional Material of Construction Flexibility to match project specification (e.g. API 619). Oil Injected Seal/Bearing Construction High quality gas seal from simple construction. Range of Capability Probably the most comprehensive range of capacity available. Installed Compressors More than 25,000 WRV compressors installed worldwide.

ALL WRV RANGE COMPRESSORS ARE OF DOUBLE WALL CONSTRUCTION AND UTILISE WHITE METAL, SLEEVE TYPE JOURNAL BEARINGS WITH PRESSURISED SHAFT SEAL. A full range of Vi options from 2.1 to 5.8 is offered for each compressor while slide valve capacity control is a standard feature on all compressors. Many options to standard design are available, some of which are indicated below: OPTION C Condition controlled version with reduced oil flow for dense gases and temperature control. OPTION M Mirror version for reverse rotation with double ended motor drive and two stage design. OPTION H Higher pressure version for high discharge pressure. OPTION X eXtra high discharge design. OPTION T Tilting pad thrust bearing design, e.g. to comply with API 619. OPTION S Steel casings for high pressure or to match specification. OPTION N Nodular cast iron design again for specific project specification.
WRVI section: WRV 255, 321 & 365 will incorporate variable Vi as standard

WRV 163 2 L/D Options

WRV 204 4 L/D Options

WRV 255 6 L/D Options

WRV 321 4 L/D Options

WRV 365 3 L/D options

WRV 510 3 L/D Options

XRV COMPRESSORS
COMPRESSORS FOR REFRIGERATION
XRV compressors have been developed specially for the refrigeration market.

Features and benefits of XRV compressors include: Ease of Installation Ideal for horizontal separator applications. Use of Roller Bearings No oil pump for over 90% of installations. Variable Vi Available with either adjustable or fully automatic Vi system. Stepless Capacity Control Combined with variable Vi, gives maximum energy saving. Ease of Service Separate end covers give easy access to rolling elements.

TYPICAL OPERATING ENVELOPE R717 REFRIGERANT

EVAPORATION PRESSURE (PSI a)

VARIABLE VOLUME RATIO Two forms of variable volume control are available.

25
CONDENSER PRESSURE (BAR a)

10.3

20

30

40

50
VI 5.O

60

70

80

90

100

20 15 10 5 0 0

300 250

CONDENSER PRESSURE (PSI a)

CONDENSER 55 TEMPERATURE C 50
VI 5.O ZONE

350
VI 3.O

1. ADJUSTABLE VOLUME RATIO (MVI) 2. AUTOMATIC VARIABLE VOLUME RATIO (AVI) Compressor selections need to take account of the peak operating conditions likely to be encountered. However, actual operating conditions may vary, resulting in lower efficiencies. Control of capacity and volume ratio can maintain high efficiency levels. The Howden variable Vi concept, coupled to slide valve capacity control, offers alternative control methods. Where the pressure ratio across the compressor is consistently high or changes in pressure ratio are infrequent (e.g. the change from winter to summer conditions) then the MVi manually adjustable system will be entirely satisfactory. With lower pressure ratios, or where condensing conditions vary frequently, the Howden automatic control AVi system can be offered.

131 122

40 30 20 10 0

AUTO VARIABLE W OPERATING ZONE VI 2.6 ZONE

104 F 86 60 50 32

200 150 100 50 0

7

OIL PUMP -40-31 -25 -20 -15 -10 -40-22 -13 -4 5 14

EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE -5 0 5 10 C 23 32 41 50 F

.715 1

EVAPORATION PRESSURE (BAR a)

XRV section

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

WRV TECHNICAL DATA: TYPICAL PERFORMANCE

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE WRV AMMONIA
000s kcal/h

000s btu/h

GAS HANDLING Typical gases or refrigerants handled by the Howden range of oil injected screw compressors include: Refrigerants R717 R134a
10,000

70,000 5,000 50,000 3,000 12,600

20,000

Gases Ammonia Butane Carbon Dioxide Fuel gas Helium Hydrocarbon Ammonia (Wet & Mixed)

kW kW

TR

Hydrogen Methane Natural Gas Nitrogen Propane Propylene Town Gas

REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
2,000 20,000 1,000 10,000 700 500 400 300 200 2,000 100 1,000 70 50 40 30 20 200 10 100
-60 -50 -40 -40 -20 -30 0 -20 20 -10 0 40 10 60

R404A R407C R410A R502 R507

6,000 5,000 4,000 2,500 2,000 1,500

6,000 5,000

3,000 2,000 1,500

7,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

1,000 1,000 700 500 400 250 200 150 100 100 50 500 500 400 300 250 200 150

NB. In some cases, for example in refineries, hydrocarbon gases will be used as refrigerants.

700 500 400 300

SUPERFEED CYCLE
PRESSURE

25F

20 C

EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE

SUPERFEED

TYPICAL EFFECT OF SUPERFEED

EXTRA CAPACITY INCREASE FACTOR STANDARD REFRIGERATION CAPACITY ENTHALPY

1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

CONDENSING TEMPERATURE 95F (35C) REFRIGERATION CAPACITY

ACHIEVED WITH SUPERFEED

POWER

1.0 -60 -50 -40 -40 -20 -30 -20 0 -10 20 F C

EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE

SUPERFEED The Howden superfeed system is a development of the oil injected screw compressor design. All oil injected compressors are equipped with an additional gas port, located along the length of the compression chamber. Feeding refrigerant to this port from a superfeed/economiser vessel within the refrigeration system offers increased evaporator capacity of up to 20 percent, with virtually no increase in absorbed power.

KEY TO GRAPHS Full duty 50 Hz (excluding Superfeed) Condensing temperature 35C (95F)

Full duty 60 Hz (excluding Superfeed) Condensing temperature 35C (95F)

NOTES Refrigeration capacity based on 5.6C (10F) superheat at compressor suction and no sub-cooling of condensed liquid. No allowance has been made for pressure losses between the evaporator and the compressor suction flange.

WRV TECHNICAL DATA

The WRV range has 6 frame sizes each with between 2 and 6 L/D ratios (all with clockwise rotation).

VOC Emission Control

Gas Turbine Installation

Helium Refrigeration

HOWDEN COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATION

*SWEPT VOLUME 50Hz m3/hr cfm

*SWEPT VOLUME 60Hz m3/hr cfm 660 820 975 1315 1465 1610 1905 2105 2580 2870 3155 3830 4595 5745 6310 7660 8012 9372 9190 390 480 575 775 860 950 1120 1240 1520 1690 1855 2255 2705 3380 3715 4510 4716 5516 5410

SUCTION PORT mm 125 125 150 200 200 200 200 200 255 255 255 255 255 300 300 350 350 350 350 400 400 in 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16

DISCHARGE PORT mm 75 75 100 125 125 125 150 150 200 200 200 200 200 255 255 300 300 300 255 300 300 in 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 10 12 12

DIMENSION A mm ft in 1063 3 5 78 1120 3 8 4

1

DIMENSION B mm ft in 490 1 714 490 1 7 4

1

DIMENSION C mm ft in 248 0 9 34 248 0 9 4

3

DIMENSION D mm ft in 250 0 9 78 250 0 9 78 315 0 12 38 315 0 12 38 315 0 12 8

3

WEIGHT APPROX. Kg 470 495 760 850 887 925 1200 1270 1325 1422 1540 1650 2925 3150 3260 3500 5500 6100 Ib 1036 1091 1675 1874 1955 2039 2645 2799 2921 3134 3395 3638 6447 6943 7186 7715 12125 13450

WRV 163/1.45 WRV 163/1.80 WRV 204/1.10 WRV 204/1.45 WRV 204/1.65 WRV 204/1.93 WRVi 255/1.10 WRVi 255/1.30 WRVi 255/1.45 WRVi 255/1.65 WRVi 255/1.93 WRV 255/2.20 WRVi 321/1.32 WRVi 321/1.65 WRVi 321/1.93 WRV 321/2.20 WRVi 365/165 WRVi 365/193 WRV 510/1.32 WRV 510/1.65 WRV 510/1.93

550 680 815 1095 1220 1340 1590 1755 2150 2395 2630 3190 3830 4790 5260 6385 6771 7920 7660 9575

325 400 480 645 720 790 935 1035 1270 1410 1550 1880 2255 2820 3095 3760 3985 4662 4510 5640

1201 3 1114 1273 4 218 1314 4 3 4

3

640 2 118 640 2 118 640 2 1 8

1

310 0 12 14 310 0 12 14 310 0 12 4

1

1370 4 6 1493 4 1034 1544 5 0 34 1583 5 2 14 1633 5 4 4

1

640 2 118 692 2 314 692 2 314 692 2 314 692 2 3 4

1

310 0 12 14 349 1 134 349 1 134 349 1 134 349 1 1 4

3

315 0 12 38 362 1 218 362 1 2 14 362 1 2 14 362 1 2 14 362 1 2 14 362 1 2 14 500 1 7 58 500 1 7 58 500 1 7 58 500 1 7 58 590 1 1114 590 1 1114 750 2 5 12 750 2 5 12 750 2 5 12

1705 5 7 1815 5 1112 2005 6 7 2110 6 11 2200 7 212 2345 7 838 2418 7 1114 2520 8 314 2920 9 7 3090 10 158 3233 10 7 4
1

692 2 314 692 2 314 940 3 1 940 3 1 940 3 1 940 3 1 1125 3 8 12 1125 3 8 12 1560 5 138 1560 5 138 1560 5 1 8
3

349 1 134 349 1 134 471 1 6 12 471 1 6 2

1

471 1 6 12 471 1 6 12 565 1 10 14 565 1 10 14 750 2 5 12 750 2 5 12 750 2 5 2

1

10800 23806 11500 25349 11800 26010

11490 6760 12615 7425

10510 6190

The company operates a policy of continuous product development and reserves the right to alter the data provided without notice. *Swept volume at 3000 rpm except WRV510 range which is measured at 1500rpm **Swept volume at 3600 rpm except WRV510 which is measured at 1800 rpm.

HOWDEN COMPRESSORS

XRV TECHNICAL DATA: TYPICAL PERFORMANCE

XRV AMMONIA
000s kcal/h

XRV R404A
000s kcal/h

000s btu/h

000s btu/h

kW kW

70,000 5,000 50,000 3,000 12,600

20,000

70,000 5,000 50,000 12,600 3,000

REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
2,000 20,000 1,000 10,000 700 500 400 300 200 2,000 100 1,000 70 50 40 30 20 200 10 100
-60 -50 -40 -40 -20 -30 0 -20 20 -10 0 40 10 60

10,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 1,000 700 500 400 250 200 150 100 100 50 500 500 400 300 250 200 150 6,000 5,000

REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
2,000 20,000 1,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 10,000 700 500 400 300 200 2,000 100 1,000 70 50 40 30 20 200 10 50 700 500 400 300 250 200 150 100 500 400 7,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000

3,000

7,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

700 500 400 300

25F

100
-60 -50 -40 -40 -20 -30 0 -20 20 -10 0 40 10 60

25F

20 C

20 C

EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE

EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE

XRV SUPERFEED EFFECT AMMONIA

XRV SUPERFEED EFFECT R404A

TABLE CAPTION REQUIRED

1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
TEMPERATURE C POWER REFRIGERATION CAPACITY

TABLE CAPTION REQUIRED

1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
TEMPERATURE C POWER REFRIGERATION CAPACITY

KEY TO GRAPHS Full duty 50 Hz (excluding Superfeed) Condensing temperature 35C (95F) Full duty 60 Hz (excluding Superfeed) Condensing temperature 35C (95F)

NOTES Refrigeration capacity based on 5.6C (10F) superheat at compressor suction and no sub-cooling of condensed liquid. No allowance has been made for pressure losses between the evaporator and the compressor suction flange.

kW kW

TR

TR

20,000

10,000 6,000 5,000

3,000 2,000 1,500 1,000 700 500 400 300 250 200 150 100

500

10

XRV COMPRESSORS

Marine Freezing Unit

Glycol Chiller

Ethyleneglycol Chiller Unit

XRV 127/1.65 Compressor (with anti-clockwise rotation except for XRV 127-R1)

XRV 163 & XRV 204 Compressors (all with clockwise rotation)

HOWDEN COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATION

*SWEPT VOLUME 50Hz m3/hr cfm

*SWEPT VOLUME 60Hz m3/hr cfm 352 476 586 207 280 345 -

SUCTION PORT mm 100 100 100 100 in 4 4 4 4

DISCHARGE PORT mm 50 50 50 50 in 2 2 2 2

DIMENSION A mm 850 900 900 900 ft in 2 9 716 2 11 16

7

DIMENSION B mm ft in 390 1 3 38 390 1 3 8

3

DIMENSION C mm ft in 299 0 1134 209 0 8 4

1

DIMENSION D mm ft in 201 0 7 516 291 0 1112 291 0 1112 291 0 11 2

1

WEIGHT APPROX. Kg 250 250 250 250 Ib 550 550 550 550

XRV 127-R1 XRV 127-R3 XRV 127-R4 XRV 127-R5

293 397 489 576

172 234 288 340

2 11716 2 11 16
7

390 1 3 38 390 1 3 8
3

209 0 8 14 209 0 8 4
1

HOWDEN COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATION

*SWEPT VOLUME 50Hz m3/hr cfm

*SWEPT VOLUME 60Hz m3/hr cfm 712 852 974 1284 1463 1618 420 500 573 756 860 952

SUCTION PORT mm 125 125 150 150 150 150 in 6 6 6 6 6 6

DISCHARGE PORT mm 76 76 100 100 100 100 in 3 3 4 4 4 4

DIMENSION A mm ft in 1070 3 618 1116 3 8 1178 3 10 8

3

DIMENSION B mm ft in 430 1 5 430 1 5 516 1 8 8

3

DIMENSION C mm ft in 200 0 7 78 200 0 7 78 240 0 9 2

1

DIMENSION D mm ft in 250 0 9 78 250 0 9 78 305 0 12 305 0 12 305 0 12 305 0 12

WEIGHT APPROX. Kg 364 388 636 660 690 736 Ib 802 855 1400 1454 1520 1621

XRV 163/1.65 XRV 163/1.93 XRV 204/1.10 XRV 204/1.45 XRV 204/1.65 XRV 204/1.93

593 710 812 1070 1219 1348

350 418 478 630 717 793

1249 4 118 1255 4 112 1312 4 3 58

516 1 8 38 516 1 8 38 516 1 8 38

240 0 912 240 0 912 240 0 912

The company operates a policy of continuous product development and reserves the right to alter the data provided without notice.

Howden Group Limited. All rights reserved. 2007

www.howden.com

Focussing on its global expertise in compressors, fans and heat exchangers, Howden delivers first class technology, project management and customer support. Wherever our customers are located, a Howden office is close at hand. With engineering, manufacturing and sales offices throughout the world, we understand and satisfy local market needs.

Howden Compressors 133 Barfillan Drive Glasgow G52 1BE Scotland, United Kingdom Tel: +44 141 882 3346 Fax: +44 141 882 8648 Email: sales@howdencompressors.co.uk Email: aftersales@howdencompressors.co.uk

Howden Hua Suite 12B01 Jinyu Mansion No. 129 Xuanwumen Xidajie Xicheng District Beijing 100031, China Tel: +86 10 66419988 Fax: +86 10 66410071 Email: sales@howden.com.cn Howden LLC Chaika Plaza 4th Floor Bld 2A, 42 Schepkina Street Moscow, 129110 Russian Federation Tel: + 7 985 410 0450 Email: info@howden.ru

Howden South America Rua Gomes de Carvalho 1765 - 8 andar CEP 04547-006 - V. Olimpia So Paulo - SP - Brasil Tel: +55 11 3089 0063 Fax: + 55 11 3089 0046 E-mail: compressors@howden.com.br Howden Compressors Company, LLC* 1850B North Gravers Road Plymouth Meeting PA 19462 USA Tel: +1 610 313 9800 Fax: +1 610 313 9215 Email: sales@howdencompressors.com

*Howden Compressors Company, LLC is a wholly and beneficially owned subsidiary of Anderson Group Inc headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, USA and is a North American licensee of Howden Group Limited. Howden and the flying H logo are registered trade marks belonging to Howden Group Limited.