Cloud Computing Tutorial

Cloud Computing tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Cloud Computing. Our
Cloud Computing tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

Cloud computing is a virtualization-based technology that allows us to create, configure, and

customize applications via an internet connection. The cloud technology includes a
development platform, hard disk, software application, and database.

What is Cloud Computing

The term cloud refers to a network or the internet. It is a technology that uses remote servers
on the internet to store, manage, and access data online rather than local drives. The data can
be anything such as files, images, documents, audio, video, and more.

There are the following operations that we can do using cloud computing:

Features of Java - Javatpoint

o Developing new applications and services

o Storage, back up, and recovery of data
o Hosting blogs and websites
o Delivery of software on demand
o Analysis of data
o Streaming videos and audios

Why Cloud Computing?

Small as well as large IT companies, follow the traditional methods to provide the IT
infrastructure. That means for any IT company, we need a Server Room that is the basic
need of IT companies.

In that server room, there should be a database server, mail server, networking, firewalls,
routers, modem, switches, QPS (Query Per Second means how much queries or load will be
handled by the server), configurable system, high net speed, and the maintenance engineers.
To establish such IT infrastructure, we need to spend lots of money. To overcome all these
problems and to reduce the IT infrastructure cost, Cloud Computing comes into existence.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

The characteristics of cloud computing are given below:

1) Agility

The cloud works in a distributed computing environment. It shares resources among users

and works very fast.

2) High availability and reliability

The availability of servers is high and more reliable because the chances of infrastructure
failure are minimum.

3) High Scalability

Cloud offers "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large scale, without having

engineers for peak loads.

4) Multi-Sharing

With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work more
efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure.

5) Device and Location Independence

Cloud computing enables the users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their
location or what device they use e.g. PC, mobile phone, etc. As infrastructure is off-
site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect
from anywhere.
6) Maintenance

Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do not need to be installed
on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places. So, it reduces the cost
also.

7) Low Cost

By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the services of cloud
computing, IT company need not to set its own infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of
resources.

8) Services in the pay-per-use mode

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to the users so that they can access
services on the cloud by using these APIs and pay the charges as per the usage of services.

Prerequisite
Before learning cloud computing, you must have the basic knowledge of computer
fundamentals.

Audience
Our cloud computing is designed to help beginners and professionals.

Problem
We assure that you will not find any difficulty while learning our cloud computing tutorial. But
if there is any mistake in this tutorial, kindly post the problem or error in the contact form.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

Advantages of Cloud Computing

As we all know that Cloud computing is trending technology. Almost every company switched
their services on the cloud to rise the company growth.

Here, we are going to discuss some important advantages of Cloud Computing-

1) Back-up and restore data

Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data using the
cloud.

2) Improved collaboration

Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and easily
share information in the cloud via shared storage.

Java Try Catch

3) Excellent accessibility

Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the whole
world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure increases organization
productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is always accessible.

4) Low maintenance cost

Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for organizations.

5) Mobility

Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.

6) IServices in the pay-per-use model

Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for access
services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service.
7) Unlimited storage capacity

Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as
documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.

8) Data security

Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers many
advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored and handled.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

A list of the disadvantage of cloud computing is given below -

1) Internet Connectivity

As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on the cloud,
and we access these data through the cloud by using the internet connection. If you do not
have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these data. However, we have no any other
way to access data from the cloud.

2) Vendor lock-in

Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations may face
problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. As different vendors
provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving from one cloud to another.

3) Limited Control

As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the service
provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and execution of services within
a cloud infrastructure.

4) Security

Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to store important
information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware that you will be
sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party, i.e., a cloud computing
service provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance that your
organization's information is hacked by Hackers.

History of Cloud Computing

Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is basically a
centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are
resided on the server side.
If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she need to connect to the
server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her business.

Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are networked
together and share their resources when needed.

On the basis of above computing, there was emerged of cloud computing concepts that
later implemented.a Try Catch

At around in 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold
like a utility, just like a water or electricity. It was a brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it was
ahead if its time, as for the next few decades, despite interest in the model, the technology
simply was not ready for it.

But of course time has passed and the technology caught that idea and after few years we
mentioned that:

In 1999,  Salesforce.com  started delivering of applications to users using a simple website. The
applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream of
computing sold as utility were true.

In 2002,  Amazon  started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation
and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the Elastic Compute
Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed.

In 2009,  Google Apps  also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications.

Of course, all the big players are present in the cloud computing evolution, some were earlier,
some were later. In 2009,  Microsoft  launched Windows Azure, and companies like Oracle and
HP have all joined the game. This proves that today, cloud computing has become mainstream.

Cloud Computing Architecture

As we know, cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations
to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet
connection.

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and event-

driven architecture.

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -

o Front End
o Back End
The below diagram shows the architecture of cloud computing -

Features of Java - Javatpoint

Front End
The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are
required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers
(including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.

Back End
The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are required to
provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage, security
mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

Note: Both front end and back end are connected to others through a network, generally
using the internet connection.

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

There are the following components of cloud computing architecture -

1. Client Infrastructure

Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User Interface)  to
interact with the cloud.

2. Application

The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.
3. Service

A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly, SaaS
applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to download and
install these applications. Some important example of SaaS is given below –

Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite
similar to SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but
using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of any platform.

Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift.

iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud infrastructure services. It is
responsible for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime environments.

Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco Metapod.

4. Runtime Cloud

Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.

5. Storage

Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge
amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.

6. Infrastructure

It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud

infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage, network
devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to support the
cloud computing model.

7. Management

Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud,

storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish coordination
between them.

8. Security
Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security
mechanism in the back end.

9. Internet

The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and communicate
with each other.

Difference between Cloud Computing and Gri

Computing
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing uses a client-server architecture to deliver computing resources such as serve
storage, databases, and software over the cloud (Internet) with pay-as-you-go pricing.

Cloud computing becomes a very popular option for organizations by providing various advantag
including cost-saving, increased productivity, efficiency, performance, data back-ups, disaster recove
and security.

Grid Computing
Grid computing is also called as "distributed computing." It links multiple computing resources (PC
workstations, servers, and storage elements) together and provides a mechanism to access them.

The main advantages of grid computing are that it increases user productivity by providing transpare
access to resources, and work can be completed more quickly.

Features of Java - Javatpoint

Let's understand the difference between cloud computing and grid computing.

Cloud Computing Grid Computing

Cloud Computing follows client-server Grid computing follows a distributed computing architecture.
computing architecture.

Scalability is high. Scalability is normal.

Cloud Computing is more flexible than grid Grid Computing is less flexible than cloud computing.
computing.

Cloud operates as a centralized management Grid operates as a decentralized management system.

system.

In cloud computing, cloud servers are owned In Grid computing, grids are owned and managed by th
by infrastructure providers. organization.

Cloud computing uses services like Iaas, Grid computing uses systems like distributed computin
PaaS, and SaaS. distributed information, and distributed pervasive.

Cloud Computing is Service-oriented. Grid Computing is Application-oriented.

It is accessible through standard web It is accessible through grid middleware.

protocols.
How does cloud computing work
Assume that you are an executive at a very big corporation. Your particular responsibilities
include to make sure that all of your employees have the right hardware and software they
need to do their jobs. To buy computers for everyone is not enough. You also have to purchase
software as well as software licenses and then provide these softwares to your employees as
they require. Whenever you hire a new employee, you need to buy more software or make sure
your current software license allows another user. It is so stressful that you have to spend lots
of money.

But, there may be an alternative for executives like you. So, instead of installing a suite of
software for each computer, you just need to load one application. That application will allow
the employees to log-in into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs for the user
that is required for his/her job. Remote servers owned by another company and that will run
everything from e-mail to word processing to complex data analysis programs. It is called
cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry.

In a cloud computing system, there is a significant workload shift. Local computers have no
longer to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to run applications. But cloud computing can
handle that much heavy load easily and automatically. Hardware and software demands on the
user's side decrease. The only thing the user's computer requires to be able to run is the cloud
computing interface software of the system, which can be as simple as a Web browser and the
cloud's network takes care of the rest.

Cloud Computing Applications

Cloud service providers provide various applications in the field of art, business, data storage
and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social networking, etc.
The most widely used cloud computing applications are given below -

1. Art Applications
Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily design attractive cards,
booklets, and images. Some most commonly used cloud art applications are given below:

i Moo

Hello Java Program for Beginners

Moo is one of the best cloud art applications. It is used for designing and printing business
cards, postcards, and mini cards.

ii. Vistaprint

Vistaprint allows us to easily design various printed marketing products such as business cards,
Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards.

iii. Adobe Creative Cloud

Adobe creative cloud is made for designers, artists, filmmakers, and other creative
professionals. It is a suite of apps which includes PhotoShop image editing programming,
Illustrator, InDesign, TypeKit, Dreamweaver, XD, and Audition.

2. Business Applications
Business applications are based on cloud service providers. Today, every organization requires
the cloud business application to grow their business. It also ensures that business applications
are 24*7 available to users.

There are the following business applications of cloud computing -

i. MailChimp
MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options to design,
send, and save templates for emails.

iii. Salesforce

Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-commerce, and more. It also
provides a cloud development platform.

iv. Chatter

Chatter helps us to share important information about the organization in real time.

v. Bitrix24

Bitrix24 is a collaboration platform which provides communication, management, and social

collaboration tools.

vi. Paypal

Paypal offers the simplest and easiest online payment mode using a secure internet account.
Paypal accepts the payment through debit cards, credit cards, and also from Paypal account
holders.

vii. Slack

Slack stands for Searchable Log of all Conversation and Knowledge. It provides a user-
friendly interface that helps us to create public and private channels for communication.

viii. Quickbooks

Quickbooks works on the terminology "Run Enterprise anytime, anywhere, on any device."
It provides online accounting solutions for the business. It allows more than 20 users to work
simultaneously on the same system.

3. Data Storage and Backup Applications

Cloud computing allows us to store information (data, files, images, audios, and videos) on the
cloud and access this information using an internet connection. As the cloud provider is
responsible for providing security, so they offer various backup recovery application for
retrieving the lost data.

A list of data storage and backup applications in the cloud are given below -

i. Box.com

Box provides an online environment for secure content management,

workflow, and collaboration. It allows us to store different files such as Excel, Word, PDF, and
images on the cloud. The main advantage of using box is that it provides drag & drop service
for files and easily integrates with Office 365, G Suite, Salesforce, and more than 1400 tools.

ii. Mozy

Mozy provides powerful online backup solutions for our personal and business data. It
schedules automatically back up for each day at a specific time.

iii. Joukuu

Joukuu provides the simplest way to share and track cloud-based backup files. Many users
use joukuu to search files, folders, and collaborate on documents.

iv. Google G Suite

Google G Suite is one of the best cloud storage and backup application. It includes Google

Calendar, Docs, Forms, Google+, Hangouts, as well as cloud storage and tools for managing
cloud apps. The most popular app in the Google G Suite is Gmail. Gmail offers free email
services to users.

4. Education Applications
Cloud computing in the education sector becomes very popular. It offers various online
distance learning platforms and student information portals to the students. The
advantage of using cloud in the field of education is that it offers strong virtual classroom
environments, Ease of accessibility, secure data storage, scalability, greater reach for the
students, and minimal hardware requirements for the applications.

There are the following education applications offered by the cloud -

i. Google Apps for Education

Google Apps for Education is the most widely used platform for free web-based email,
calendar, documents, and collaborative study.

ii. Chromebooks for Education

Chromebook for Education is one of the most important Google's projects. It is designed for
the purpose that it enhances education innovation.

iii. Tablets with Google Play for Education

It allows educators to quickly implement the latest technology solutions into the classroom and
make it available to their students.

iv. AWS in Education

AWS cloud provides an education-friendly environment to universities, community colleges,
and schools.

5. Entertainment Applications
Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to interact with the target audience.
Cloud computing offers various entertainment applications such as online games and video
conferencing.

i. Online games

Today, cloud gaming becomes one of the most important entertainment media. It offers
various online games that run remotely from the cloud. The best cloud gaming services are
Shaow, GeForce Now, Vortex, Project xCloud, and PlayStation Now.

ii. Video Conferencing Apps

Video conferencing apps provides a simple and instant connected experience. It allows us to
communicate with our business partners, friends, and relatives using a cloud-based video
conferencing. The benefits of using video conferencing are that it reduces cost, increases
efficiency, and removes interoperability.

6. Management Applications
Cloud computing offers various cloud management tools which help admins to manage all
types of cloud activities, such as resource deployment, data integration, and disaster recovery.
These management tools also provide administrative control over the platforms, applications,
and infrastructure.

Some important management applications are -

i. Toggl
Toggl helps users to track allocated time period for a particular project.

ii. Evernote
Evernote allows you to sync and save your recorded notes, typed notes, and other notes in one
convenient place. It is available for both free as well as a paid version.

It uses platforms like Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Browser, and Unix.

iii. Outright
Outright is used by management users for the purpose of accounts. It helps to track income,
expenses, profits, and losses in real-time environment.
iv. GoToMeeting
GoToMeeting provides Video Conferencing and online meeting apps, which allows you to
start a meeting with your business partners from anytime, anywhere using mobile phones or
tablets. Using GoToMeeting app, you can perform the tasks related to the management such
as join meetings in seconds, view presentations on the shared screen, get alerts for upcoming
meetings, etc.

7. Social Applications
Social cloud applications allow a large number of users to connect with each other using social
networking applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, etc.

There are the following cloud based social applications -

i. Facebook

Facebook is a social networking website which allows active users to share files, photos,
videos, status, more to their friends, relatives, and business partners using the cloud storage
system. On Facebook, we will always get notifications when our friends like and comment on
the posts.

ii. Twitter

Twitter is a social networking site. It is a microblogging system. It allows users to follow high

profile celebrities, friends, relatives, and receive news. It sends and receives short posts called
tweets.

iii. Yammer

Yammer is the best team collaboration tool that allows a team of employees to chat, share
images, documents, and videos.

iv. LinkedIn

LinkedIn is a social network for students, freshers, and professionals.

What are the Security Risks of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing provides various advantages, such as improved collaboration, excellent
accessibility, Mobility, Storage capacity, etc. But there are also security risks in cloud
computing.

Some most common Security Risks of Cloud Computing are given below-
Data Loss
Data loss is the most common cloud security risks of cloud computing. It is also known as data
leakage. Data loss is the process in which data is being deleted, corrupted, and unreadable by a
user, software, or application. In a cloud computing environment, data loss occurs when our
sensitive data is somebody else's hands, one or more data elements can not be utilized by the
data owner, hard disk is not working properly, and software is not updated.

Hacked Interfaces and Insecure APIs

As we all know, cloud computing is completely depends on Internet, so it is compulsory to
protect interfaces and APIs that are used by external users. APIs are the easiest way to
communicate with most of the cloud services. In cloud computing, few services are available in
the public domain. These services can be accessed by third parties, so there may be a chance
that these services easily harmed and hacked by hackers.

Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM

Data Breach
Data Breach is the process in which the confidential data is viewed, accessed, or stolen by the
third party without any authorization, so organization's data is hacked by the hackers.

Vendor lock-in
Vendor lock-in is the of the biggest security risks in cloud computing. Organizations may face
problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. As different vendors
provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving one cloud to another.

Increased complexity strains IT staff

Migrating, integrating, and operating the cloud services is complex for the IT staff. IT staff must
require the extra capability and skills to manage, integrate, and maintain the data to the cloud.

Spectre & Meltdown

Spectre & Meltdown allows programs to view and steal data which is currently processed on
computer. It can run on personal computers, mobile devices, and in the cloud. It can store the
password, your personal information such as images, emails, and business documents in the
memory of other running programs.

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Denial of service (DoS) attacks occur when the system receives too much traffic to buffer the
server. Mostly, DoS attackers target web servers of large organizations such as banking sectors,
media companies, and government organizations. To recover the lost data, DoS attackers
charge a great deal of time and money to handle the data.

Account hijacking
Account hijacking is a serious security risk in cloud computing. It is the process in which
individual user's or organization's cloud account (bank account, e-mail account, and social
media account) is stolen by hackers. The hackers use the stolen account to perform
unauthorized activities.

Types of Cloud
There are the following 4 types of cloud that you can deploy according to the organization's
needs-

o Public Cloud
o Private Cloud
o Hybrid Cloud
o Community Cloud

Public Cloud
Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the Internet using the pay-per-
usage method.

In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the Cloud Service Provider
(CSP).

Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud Enterprise, Microsoft, Google
App Engine, Windows Azure Services Platform.

How to find Nth Highest Salary in SQL

Advantages of Public Cloud
There are the following advantages of Public Cloud -

o Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
o Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need to worry about the
maintenance.
o Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility approach to consumers.
o Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered through the internet.
o Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources.
o It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number of users.

Disadvantages of Public Cloud

o Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.
o Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network link to the cloud provider.
o The Client has no control of data.

To Read More Click Here

Private Cloud
Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. It is used by
organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or by the third party. It can
be deployed using Opensource tools such as Openstack and Eucalyptus.

Based on the location and management, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
divide private cloud into the following two parts-

o On-premise private cloud

o Outsourced private cloud
Advantages of Private Cloud
There are the following advantages of the Private Cloud -

o Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to the users.
o Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity.
o It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT resources.
o The organization has full control over the cloud because it is managed by the organization itself.
So, there is no need for the organization to depends on anybody.
o It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for their personal use and data
security is the first priority.

Disadvantages of Private Cloud

o Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.
o Private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area of operations is limited.
o Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that have a high user base, and organizations that
do not have the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient manpower to maintain and manage the cloud.

Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud. we can say:

Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud

Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on the public cloud can
be accessed by anyone, while the services which are running on a private cloud can be
accessed only by the organization's users.

Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google Drive), Office 365 (MS
Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web Services.
Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
There are the following advantages of Hybrid Cloud -

o Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require more security than the public cloud.
o Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and services more quickly.
o Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
o Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources because
of the private cloud.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud

o In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as good as the private cloud.
o Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to manage more than one type of
deployment model.
o In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers.

Community Cloud
Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several
organizations to share the information between the organization and a specific community. It
is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third
party, or a combination of them.

Example: Health Care community cloud

Advantages of Community Cloud
There are the following advantages of Community Cloud -

o Community cloud is cost-effective because the whole cloud is being shared by several
organizations or communities.
o Community cloud is suitable for organizations that want to have a collaborative cloud with more
security features than the public cloud.
o It provides better security than the public cloud.
o It provdes collaborative and distributive environment.
o Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and other capabilities
among various organizations.

Disadvantages of Community Cloud

o Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.
o Security features are not as good as the private cloud.
o It is not suitable if there is no collaboration.
o The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community members.

Difference between public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and

community cloud -
The below table shows the difference between public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and
community cloud.

Parameter Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud

Host Service provider Enterprise (Third party) Enterprise (Third party) Community (Third party

Users General public Selected users Selected users Community members

Access Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN

Owner Service provider Enterprise Enterprise Community

 Next Topic Public Cloud

Public Cloud
o Public Cloud provides a shared platform that is accessible to the general public through an
Internet connection.
o Public cloud operated on the pay-as-per-use model and administrated by the third party, i.e.,
Cloud service provider.
o In the Public cloud, the same storage is being used by multiple users at the same time.
o Public cloud is owned, managed, and operated by businesses, universities, government
organizations, or a combination of them.
o Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Microsoft Azure, IBM's Blue Cloud, Sun Cloud, and Google
Cloud are examples of the public cloud.

Advantages of Public Cloud

There are the following advantages of public cloud -

1) Low Cost

Public cloud has a lower cost than private, or hybrid cloud, as it shares the same resources with
a large number of consumers.

2) Location Independent

Public cloud is location independent because its services are offered through the internet.

3) Save Time

In Public cloud, the cloud service provider is responsible for the manage and maintain data
centers in which data is stored, so the cloud user can save their time to establish connectivity,
deploying new products, release product updates, configure, and assemble servers.

C++ vs Java
4) Quickly and easily set up

Organizations can easily buy public cloud on the internet and deployed and configured it
remotely through the cloud service provider within a few hours.

5) Business Agility

Public cloud provides an ability to elastically re-size computer resources based on the
organization's requirements.

6) Scalability and reliability

Public cloud offers scalable (easy to add and remove) and reliable (24*7 available) services to
the users at an affordable cost.

Disadvantages of Public Cloud

1) Low Security

Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.

2) Performance

In the public cloud, performance depends upon the speed of internet connectivity.

3) Less customizable

Public cloud is less customizable than the private cloud.

Private Cloud
o Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud.
o Private cloud provides computing services to a private internal network (within the
organization) and selected users instead of the general public.
o Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to data through firewalls and
internal hosting. It also ensures that operational and sensitive data are not accessible to third-
party providers.
o HP Data Centers, Microsoft, Elastra-private cloud, and Ubuntu are the example of a private
cloud.
Advantages of Private cloud
There are the following advantages of Private Cloud -

1) More Control

Private clouds have more control over their resources and hardware than public clouds
because it is only accessed by selected users.

2) Security & privacy

Security & privacy are one of the big advantages of cloud computing. Private cloud improved
the security level as compared to the public cloud.

3) Improved performance

Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity.

Java Try Catch

Disadvantages of Private Cloud

1) High cost

The cost is higher than a public cloud because set up and maintain hardware resources are
costly.

2) Restricted area of operations

As we know, private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area of operations is
limited.

3) Limited scalability

Private clouds are scaled only within the capacity of internal hosted resources.
4) Skilled people

Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.

Hybrid Cloud
o Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private clouds.
Hybrid cloud = public cloud + private cloud
o The main aim to combine these cloud (Public and Private) is to create a unified, automated, and
well-managed computing environment.
o In the Hybrid cloud, non-critical activities are performed by the public cloud and critical
activities are performed by the private cloud.
o Mainly, a hybrid cloud is used in finance, healthcare, and Universities.
o The best hybrid cloud provider companies are Amazon, Microsoft, Google,
Cisco, and NetApp.

Advantages of Hybrid Cloud

There are the following advantages of Hybrid Cloud -

1) Flexible and secure

It provides flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources because of the
private cloud.
2) Cost effective

Hybrid cloud costs less than the private cloud. It helps organizations to save costs for both
infrastructure and application support.

3) Cost effective

It offers the features of both the public as well as the private cloud. A hybrid cloud is capable of
adapting to the demands that each company needs for space, memory, and system.

4) Security

Hybrid cloud is secure because critical activities are performed by the private cloud.

5) Risk Management

Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way for companies to manage the risk.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud

1) Networking issues

In the Hybrid Cloud, networking becomes complex because of the private and the public cloud.

2) Infrastructure Compatibility

Infrastructure compatibility is the major issue in a hybrid cloud. With dual-levels of

infrastructure, a private cloud controls the company, and a public cloud does not, so there is a
possibility that they are running in separate stacks.

3) Reliability

The reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers.

Community Cloud
Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that allows systems and services to be accessible by
a group of several organizations to share the information. It is owned, managed, and operated
by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of them.
Example: Our government organization within India may share computing infrastructure in the
cloud to manage data.

Advantages of Community Cloud

There are the following advantages of Community Cloud -

Cost effective

Community cloud is cost effective because the whole cloud is shared between several
organizations or a community.

Flexible and Scalable

The community cloud is flexible and scalable because it is compatible with every user. It allows
the users to modify the documents as per their needs and requirement.

Security

Community cloud is more secure than the public cloud but less secure than the private cloud.

Sharing infrastructure

Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and other capabilities
among various organizations.

Disadvantages of Community Cloud

There are the following disadvantages of Community Cloud -

o Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.

o Slow adoption to data
o The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community members.
 o Community Cloud is costly than the public cloud.
o Sharing responsibilities among organizations is difficult.

Cloud Service Models

There are the following three types of cloud service models -

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed
over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and
complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.
Characteristics of IaaS
There are the following characteristics of IaaS -

o Resources are available as a service

o Services are highly scalable
o Dynamic and flexible
o GUI and API-based access
o Automated administrative tasks

Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google

Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.

History of Java

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and
manage the applications.

Characteristics of PaaS
There are the following characteristics of PaaS -

o Accessible to various users via the same development application.

o Integrates with web services and databases.
o Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as per the
organization's need.
o Support multiple languages and frameworks.
o Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".

Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App Engine,
Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.

To know more about PaaS, click here.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software in which the applications are
hosted by a cloud service provider. Users can access these applications with the help of
internet connection and web browser.

Characteristics of SaaS
There are the following characteristics of SaaS -

o Managed from a central location

o Hosted on a remote server
o Accessible over the internet
o Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied
automatically.
o The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis

Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx, ZenDesk,

Slack, and GoToMeeting.

Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS

The below table shows the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS -

IaaS Paas SaaS

It provides a virtual data center to It provides virtual platforms and It provides web software an
store information and create platforms tools to create, test, and deploy apps to complete busines
for app development, testing, and apps. tasks.
deployment.

It provides access to resources such as It provides runtime environments It provides software as a servic
virtual machines, virtual storage, etc. and deployment tools for to the end-users.
applications.

It is used by network architects. It is used by developers. It is used by end users.

IaaS provides only Infrastructure. PaaS provides SaaS provide

Infrastructure+Platform. Infrastructure+Platform
+Software.
Infrastructure as a Service | IaaS
Iaas is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the layers of the cloud
computing platform. It allows customers to outsource their IT infrastructures such as servers,
networking, processing, storage, virtual machines, and other resources. Customers access these
resources on the Internet using a pay-as-per use model.

In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented out for a specific period of time, with
pre-determined hardware configuration. The client paid for the configuration and time,
regardless of the actual use. With the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform layer, clients
can dynamically scale the configuration to meet changing requirements and are billed only for
the services actually used.

IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for every organization to maintain the
IT infrastructure.

IaaS is offered in three models: public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private cloud implies that
the infrastructure resides at the customer-premise. In the case of public cloud, it is located at
the cloud computing platform vendor's data center, and the hybrid cloud is a combination of
the two in which the customer selects the best of both public cloud or private cloud.

Java Try Catch

IaaS provider provides the following services -

1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and virtual main
memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users.
2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.
3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as routers,
switches, and bridges for the Vms.
4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.
Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer
There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer -

1. Shared infrastructure

IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure.

2. Web access to the resources

Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.

3. Pay-as-per-use model

IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users are required to
pay for what they have used.

4. Focus on the core business

IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather than on IT infrastructure.

5. On-demand scalability

On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not worry
about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues related to hardware components.

Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Security

Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are not able to provide
100% security.

2. Maintenance & Upgrade

Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software
for some organizations.

3. Interoperability issues

It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so the customers might face
problem related to vendor lock-in.

Some important point about IaaS cloud computing layer

IaaS cloud computing platform cannot replace the traditional hosting method, but it provides
more than that, and each resource which are used are predictable as per the usage.

IaaS cloud computing platform may not eliminate the need for an in-house IT department. It
will be needed to monitor or control the IaaS setup. IT salary expenditure might not reduce
significantly, but other IT expenses can be reduced.

Breakdowns at the IaaS cloud computing platform vendor's can bring your business to the halt
stage. Assess the IaaS cloud computing platform vendor's stability and finances. Make sure that
SLAs (i.e., Service Level Agreement) provide backups for data, hardware, network, and
application failures. Image portability and third-party support is a plus point.

The IaaS cloud computing platform vendor can get access to your sensitive data. So, engage
with credible companies or organizations. Study their security policies and precautions.

Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS cloud computing platform

IaaS Vendor Iaas Solution Details

Amazon Web Elastic, Elastic Compute Cloud The cloud computing platform pioneer, Amazon offer
Services (EC2) MapReduce, Route 53, auto scaling, cloud monitoring, and load balancin
 Virtual Private Cloud, etc. features as part of its portfolio.

Netmagic Netmagic IaaS Cloud Netmagic runs from data centers in Mumbai, Chenna
Solutions and Bangalore, and a virtual data center in the Unite
States. Plans are underway to extend services to Wes
Asia.

Rackspace Cloud servers, cloud files, The cloud computing platform vendor focuses primari
cloud sites, etc. on enterprise-level hosting services.

Reliance Reliance Internet Data Center RIDC supports both traditional hosting and clou
Communications services, with data centers in Mumbai, Bangalor
Hyderabad, and Chennai. The cloud services offered b
RIDC include IaaS and SaaS.

Sify Technologies Sify IaaS Sify's cloud computing platform is powered by HP

converged infrastructure. The vendor offers all thre
types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

Tata InstaCompute InstaCompute is Tata Communications' IaaS offering

Communications InstaCompute data centers are located in Hyderaba
and Singapore, with operations in both countries.

Platform as a Service | PaaS

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows programmers to easily
create, test, run, and deploy web applications. You can purchase these applications from a
cloud service provider on a pay-as-per use basis and access them using the Internet
connection. In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider, so end-
users do not need to worry about managing the infrastructure.

PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and platform (middleware,
development tools, database management systems, business intelligence, and more) to
support the web application life cycle.

Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.

PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and
Other tools:

Prime Ministers of India | List of Prime Minister of India (1947-2020)

1. Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the
applications. Some popular programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP,
Ruby, Perl, and Go.

2. Application frameworks
PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application
development. Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js,
Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.

3. Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis
to communicate with the applications.

4. Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and deploy the
applications.

Advantages of PaaS
There are the following advantages of PaaS -

1) Simplified Development

PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying about
infrastructure management.

2) Lower risk
No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a PC and an
internet connection to start building applications.

3) Prebuilt business functionality

Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that users can avoid
building everything from very scratch and hence can directly start the projects only.

4) Instant community

PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get the ideas to
share experiences and seek advice from others.

5) Scalability

Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any changes to the
applications.

Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing layer

1) Vendor lock-in

One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor, so
the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a problem.

2) Data Privacy

Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located within the
walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.

3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications

It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will be
chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the cloud with the local
data.

Popular PaaS Providers

The below table shows some popular PaaS providers and services that are provided by them -

Providers Services

Google App Engine (GAE) App Identity, URL Fetch, Cloud storage client library, Logservice

Salesforce.com Faster implementation, Rapid scalability, CRM Services, Sales cloud, Mobil
connectivity, Chatter.

Windows Azure Compute, security, IoT, Data Storage.

AppFog Justcloud.com, SkyDrive, GoogleDocs

Openshift RedHat, Microsoft Azure.

Cloud Foundry from Data, Messaging, and other services.

VMware

Software as a Service | SaaS

SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software". It is a software distribution model in which
services are hosted by a cloud service provider. These services are available to end-users over
the internet so, the end-users do not need to install any software on their devices to access
these services.
There are the following services provided by SaaS providers -

Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the business.
The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer
Relationship Management), billing, and sales.

Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered by a

third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic documents.

Java Try Catch

Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.

Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public, so
social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the general
public's information.

Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services,
many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS.

Advantages of SaaS cloud computing layer

1) SaaS is easy to buy

SaaS pricing is based on a monthly fee or annual fee subscription, so it allows organizations to
access business functionality at a low cost, which is less than licensed applications.

Unlike traditional software, which is sold as a licensed based with an up-front cost (and often
an optional ongoing support fee), SaaS providers are generally pricing the applications using a
subscription fee, most commonly a monthly or annually fee.

2. One to Many
SaaS services are offered as a one-to-many model means a single instance of the application is
shared by multiple users.

3. Less hardware required for SaaS

The software is hosted remotely, so organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware.

4. Low maintenance required for SaaS

Software as a service removes the need for installation, set-up, and daily maintenance for the
organizations. The initial set-up cost for SaaS is typically less than the enterprise software. SaaS
vendors are pricing their applications based on some usage parameters, such as a number of
users using the application. So SaaS does easy to monitor and automatic updates.

5. No special software or hardware versions required

All users will have the same version of the software and typically access it through the web
browser. SaaS reduces IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance
and support to the IaaS provider.

6. Multidevice support

SaaS services can be accessed from any device such as desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, and
thin clients.

7. API Integration

SaaS services easily integrate with other software or services through standard APIs.

8. No client-side installation

SaaS services are accessed directly from the service provider using the internet connection, so
do not need to require any software installation.

Disadvantages of SaaS cloud computing layer

1) Security

Actually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue for some users. However, cloud
computing is not more secure than in-house deployment.

2) Latency issue

Since data and applications are stored in the cloud at a variable distance from the end-user,
there is a possibility that there may be greater latency when interacting with the application
compared to local deployment. Therefore, the SaaS model is not suitable for applications
whose demand response time is in milliseconds.

3) Total Dependency on Internet

Without an internet connection, most SaaS applications are not usable.

4) Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult

Switching SaaS vendors involves the difficult and slow task of transferring the very large data
files over the internet and then converting and importing them into another SaaS also.

Popular SaaS Providers

The below table shows some popular SaaS providers and services that are provided by them -

Provider Services

Salseforce.com On-demand CRM solutions

Microsoft Office Online office suite

365

Google Apps Gmail, Google Calendar, Docs, and sites

NetSuite ERP, accounting, order management, CRM, Professionals Services Automatio

(PSA), and e-commerce applications.
 GoToMeeting Online meeting and video-conferencing software

Constant Contact E-mail marketing, online survey, and event marketing

Oracle CRM CRM applications

Workday, Inc Human capital management, payroll, and financial management.

Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a
server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources".

In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical instance of
a resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations. It does by assigning
a logical name to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical resource when
demanded.

What is the concept behind the Virtualization?

Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is known as
Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine provides an environment that is logically separated
from the underlying hardware.

The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host Machine and
that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machineow to find Nth Highest Salary in SQL

Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

1) Hardware Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on
the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.

The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.
After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it and run
different applications on those OS.

Usage:

Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling virtual
machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.

2) Operating System Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host
operating system instead of directly on the hardware system is known as operating system
virtualization.

Usage:

Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications on different
platforms of OS.

3) Server Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on
the Server system is known as server virtualization.

Usage:

Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be divided into multiple
servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

4) Storage Virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network
storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device.

Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software applications.

Usage:

Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.

How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing technology, normally in the
cloud computing, users share the data present in the clouds like application etc, but actually
with the help of virtualization users shares the Infrastructure.
The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the applications with the standard
versions to their cloud users, suppose if the next version of that application is released, then
cloud provider has to provide the latest version to their cloud users and practically it is possible
because it is more expensive.

To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology, By using virtualization, all
severs and the software application which are required by other cloud providers are
maintained by the third party people, and the cloud providers has to pay the money on
monthly or annual basis.

Conclusion
Mainly Virtualization means, running multiple operating systems on a single machine but
sharing all the hardware resources. And it helps us to provide the pool of IT resources so that
we can share these IT resources in order get benefits in the business.

Data Virtualization
Data virtualization is the process of retrieve data from various resources without knowing its
type and physical location where it is stored. It collects heterogeneous data from different
resources and allows data users across the organization to access this data according to their
work requirements. This heterogeneous data can be accessed using any application such as
web portals, web services, E-commerce, Software as a Service (SaaS), and mobile application.

We can use Data Virtualization in the field of data integration, business

intelligence, and cloud computing.

Advantages of Data Virtualization

There are the following advantages of data virtualization -

o It allows users to access the data without worrying about where it resides on the memory.
 o It offers better customer satisfaction, retention, and revenue growth.
o It provides various security mechanism that allows users to safely store their personal and
professional information.
o It reduces costs by removing data replication.
o It provides a user-friendly interface to develop customized views.
o It provides various simple and fast deployment resources.
o It increases business user efficiency by providing data in real-time.
o It is used to perform tasks such as data integration, business integration, Service-Oriented
Architecture (SOA) data services, and enterprise search.

Disadvantages of Data Virtualization

o It creates availability issues, because availability is maintained by third-party providers.

o It required a high implementation cost.
o It creates the availability and scalability issues.
o Although it saves time during the implementation phase of virtualization but it consumes more
time to generate the appropriate result.

Uses of Data Virtualization

There are the following uses of Data Virtualization -

Hello Java Program for Beginners

1. Analyze performance

Data virtualization is used to analyze the performance of the organization compared to

previous years.

2. Search and discover interrelated data

Data Virtualization (DV) provides a mechanism to easily search the data which is similar and
internally related to each other.

3. Agile Business Intelligence

It is one of the most common uses of Data Virtualization. It is used in agile reporting, real-time
dashboards that require timely aggregation, analyze and present the relevant data from
multiple resources. Both individuals and managers use this to monitor performance, which
helps to make daily operational decision processes such as sales, support, finance, logistics,
legal, and compliance.
4. Data Management

Data virtualization provides a secure centralized layer to search, discover, and govern the
unified data and its relationships.

Data Virtualization Tools

There are the following Data Virtualization tools -

1. Red Hat JBoss data virtualization

Red Hat virtualization is the best choice for developers and those who are using micro services
and containers. It is written in Java.

2. TIBCO data virtualization

TIBCO helps administrators and users to create a data virtualization platform for accessing the
multiple data sources and data sets. It provides a builtin transformation engine to combine
non-relational and un-structured data sources.

3. Oracle data service integrator

It is a very popular and powerful data integrator tool which is mainly worked with Oracle
products. It allows organizations to quickly develop and manage data services to access a
single view of data.

4. SAS Federation Server

SAS Federation Server provides various technologies such as scalable, multi-user, and
standards-based data access to access data from multiple data services. It mainly focuses on
securing data.

5. Denodo

Denodo is one of the best data virtualization tools which allows organizations to minimize the
network traffic load and improve response time for large data sets. It is suitable for both small
as well as large organizations.

Industries that use Data Virtualization

o Communication & Technology

In Communication & Technology industry, data virtualization is used to increase revenue per
customer, create a real-time ODS for marketing, manage customers, improve customer insights,
and optimize customer care, etc.
 o Finance
In the field of finance, DV is used to improve trade reconciliation, empowering data democracy,
addressing data complexity, and managing fixed-risk income.
o Government
In the government sector, DV is used for protecting the environment.
o Healthcare
Data virtualization plays a very important role in the field of healthcare. In healthcare, DV helps
to improve patient care, drive new product innovation, accelerating M&A synergies, and provide
a more efficient claims analysis.
o Manufacturing
In manufacturing industry, data virtualization is used to optimize a global supply chain, optimize
factories, and improve IT assets utilization.

Hardware Virtualization
Previously, there was "one to one relationship" between physical servers and operating system.
Low capacity of CPU, memory, and networking requirements were available. So, by using this
model, the costs of doing business increased. The physical space, amount of power, and
hardware required meant that costs were adding up.

The hypervisor manages shared the physical resources of the hardware between the guest
operating systems and host operating system. The physical resources become abstracted
versions in standard formats regardless of the hardware platform. The abstracted hardware is
represented as actual hardware. Then the virtualized operating system looks into these
resources as they are physical entities.

Virtualization means abstraction. Hardware virtualization is accomplished by abstracting the

physical hardware layer by use of a hypervisor or VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor).

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) or hypervisor software
is directly installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.

Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM

The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.

After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it and run
different applications on those OS.
Usage of Hardware Virtualization
Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling virtual
machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.

Advantages of Hardware Virtualization

The main benefits of hardware virtualization are more efficient resource utilization, lower
overall costs as well as increased uptime and IT flexibility.

1) More Efficient Resource Utilization:

Physical resources can be shared among virtual machines. Although the unused resources can
be allocated to a virtual machine and that can be used by other virtual machines if the need
exists.

2) Lower Overall Costs Because Of Server Consolidation:

Now it is possible for multiple operating systems can co-exist on a single hardware platform, so
that the number of servers, rack space, and power consumption drops significantly.

3) Increased Uptime Because Of Advanced Hardware Virtualization Features:

The modern hypervisors provide highly orchestrated operations that maximize the abstraction
of the hardware and help to ensure the maximum uptime. These functions help to migrate a
running virtual machine from one host to another dynamically, as well as maintain a running
copy of virtual machine on another physical host in case the primary host fails.

4) Increased IT Flexibility:

Hardware virtualization helps for quick deployment of server resources in a managed and
consistent ways. That results in IT being able to adapt quickly and provide the business with
resources needed in good time.

Software Virtualization
Managing applications and distribution becomes a typical task for IT departments. Installation
mechanism differs from application to application. Some programs require certain helper
applications or frameworks and these applications may have conflict with existing applications.

Software virtualization is just like a virtualization but able to abstract the software installation
procedure and create virtual software installations.

Virtualized software is an application that will be "installed" into its own self-contained unit.
Example of software virtualization is VMware software, virtual box etc. In the next pages, we are
going to see how to install linux OS and windows OS on VMware application.

Features of Java - Javatpoint

Advantages of Software Virtualization

1) Client Deployments Become Easier:

Copying a file to a workstation or linking a file in a network then we can easily install virtual
software.

2) Easy to manage:

To manage updates becomes a simpler task. You need to update at one place and deploy the
updated virtual application to the all clients.

3) Software Migration:

Without software virtualization, moving from one software platform to another platform takes
much time for deploying and impact on end user systems. With the help of virtualized software
environment the migration becomes easier.

Server Virtualization
Server Virtualization is the process of dividing a physical server into several virtual servers,
called virtual private servers. Each virtual private server can run independently.

The concept of Server Virtualization widely used in the IT infrastructure to minimizes the costs
by increasing the utilization of existing resources.

Types of Server Virtualization

1. Hypervisor

In the Server Virtualization, Hypervisor plays an important role. It is a layer between

the operating system (OS) and hardware. There are two types of hypervisors.

o Type 1 hypervisor ( also known as bare metal or native hypervisors)

o Type 2 hypervisor ( also known as hosted or Embedded hypervisors)

The hypervisor is mainly used to perform various tasks such as allocate physical hardware
resources (CPU, RAM, etc.) to several smaller independent virtual machines, called "guest" on
the host machine.

Features of Java - Javatpoint

2. Full Virtualization

Full Virtualization uses a hypervisor to directly communicate with the CPU and physical server.
It provides the best isolation and security mechanism to the virtual machines.

The biggest disadvantage of using hypervisor in full virtualization is that a hypervisor has its
own processing needs, so it can slow down the application and server performance.

VMWare ESX server is the best example of full virtualization.

3. Para Virtualization

Para Virtualization is quite similar to the Full Virtualization. The advantage of using this
virtualization is that it is easier to use, Enhanced performance, and does not require
emulation overhead. Xen primarily and UML use the Para Virtualization.

The difference between full and pare virtualization is that, in para virtualization hypervisor does
not need too much processing power to manage the OS.

4. Operating System Virtualization

Operating system virtualization is also called as system-lever virtualization. It is a server

virtualization technology that divides one operating system into multiple isolated user-space
called virtual environments. The biggest advantage of using server visualization is that it
reduces the use of physical space, so it will save money.

Linux OS Virtualization and Windows OS Virtualization are the types of Operating System

virtualization.

FreeVPS, OpenVZ, and Linux Vserver are some examples of System-Level Virtualization.

Note: OS-Level Virtualization never uses a hypervisor.

5. Hardware Assisted Virtualization

Hardware Assisted Virtualization was presented by AMD and Intel. It is also known
as Hardware virtualization, AMD virtualization, and Intel virtualization. It is designed to
increase the performance of the processor. The advantage of using Hardware Assisted
Virtualization is that it requires less hypervisor overhead.

6. Kernel-Level Virtualization

Kernel-level virtualization is one of the most important types of server virtualization. It is

an open-source virtualization which uses the Linux kernel as a hypervisor. The advantage of
using kernel virtualization is that it does not require any special administrative software and
has very less overhead.
User Mode Linux (UML) and Kernel-based virtual machine are some examples of kernel
virtualization.

Advantages of Server Virtualization

There are the following advantages of Server Virtualization -

1. Independent Restart

In Server Virtualization, each server can be restart independently and does not affect the
working of other virtual servers.

2. Low Cost

Server Virtualization can divide a single server into multiple virtual private servers, so it reduces
the cost of hardware components.

3. Disaster Recovery<

Disaster Recovery is one of the best advantages of Server Virtualization. In Server Virtualization,
data can easily and quickly move from one server to another and these data can be stored and
retrieved from anywhere.

4. Faster deployment of resources

Server virtualization allows us to deploy our resources in a simpler and faster way.

5. Security

It allows uses to store their sensitive data inside the data centers.

Disadvantages of Server Virtualization

There are the following disadvantages of Server Virtualization -

1. The biggest disadvantage of server virtualization is that when the server goes offline, all the
websites that are hosted by the server will also go down.
2. There is no way to measure the performance of virtualized environments.
3. It requires a huge amount of RAM consumption.
4. It is difficult to set up and maintain.
5. Some core applications and databases are not supported virtualization.
6. It requires extra hardware resources.

Uses of Server Virtualization

A list of uses of server virtualization is given below -

o Server Virtualization is used in the testing and development environment.

o It improves the availability of servers.
o It allows organizations to make efficient use of resources.
o It reduces redundancy without purchasing additional hardware components.

Storage Virtualization
As we know that, there has been a strong link between the physical host and the locally
installed storage devices. However, that paradigm has been changing drastically, almost local
storage is no longer needed. As the technology progressing, more advanced storage devices
are coming to the market that provide more functionality, and obsolete the local storage.

Storage virtualization is a major component for storage servers, in the form of functional RAID
levels and controllers. Operating systems and applications with device can access the disks
directly by themselves for writing. The controllers configure the local storage in RAID groups
and present the storage to the operating system depending upon the configuration. However,
the storage is abstracted and the controller is determining how to write the data or retrieve the
requested data for the operating system.

Storage virtualization is becoming more and more important in various other forms:

File servers: The operating system writes the data to a remote location with no need to
understand how to write to the physical media.

OOPs Concepts in Java

WAN Accelerators: Instead of sending multiple copies of the same data over the WAN
environment, WAN accelerators will cache the data locally and present the re-requested blocks
at LAN speed, while not impacting the WAN performance.

SAN and NAS: Storage is presented over the Ethernet network of the operating system. NAS
presents the storage as file operations (like NFS). SAN technologies present the storage as
block level storage (like Fibre Channel). SAN technologies receive the operating instructions
only when if the storage was a locally attached device.

Storage Tiering: Utilizing the storage pool concept as a stepping stone, storage tiering
analyze the most commonly used data and places it on the highest performing storage pool.
The lowest one used data is placed on the weakest performing storage pool.

This operation is done automatically without any interruption of service to the data consumer.

Advantages of Storage Virtualization

 1. Data is stored in the more convenient locations away from the specific host. In the case of a host
failure, the data is not compromised necessarily.
2. The storage devices can perform advanced functions like replication, reduplication, and disaster
recovery functionality.
3. By doing abstraction of the storage level, IT operations become more flexible in how storage is
provided, partitioned, and protected.

OS Virtualization
With the help of OS virtualization nothing is pre-installed or permanently loaded on the local
device and no-hard disk is needed. Everything runs from the network using a kind of virtual
disk. This virtual disk is actually a disk image file stored on a remote server, SAN (Storage Area
Network) or NAS (Non-volatile Attached Storage). The client will be connected by the network
to this virtual disk and will boot with the Operating System installed on the virtual disk.

How does OS Virtualization works?

Components needed for using OS Virtualization in the infrastructure are given below:

The first component is the OS Virtualization server. This server is the center point in the OS
Virtualization infrastructure. The server manages the streaming of the information on the
virtual disks for the client and also determines which client will be connected to which virtual
disk (using a database, this information is stored). Also the server can host the storage for the
virtual disk locally or the server is connected to the virtual disks via a SAN (Storage Area
Network). In high availability environments there can be more OS Virtualization servers to
create no redundancy and load balancing. The server also ensures that the client will be unique
within the infrastructure.

Secondly, there is a client which will contact the server to get connected to the virtual disk and
asks for components stored on the virtual disk for running the operating system.

Features of Java - Javatpoint

The available supporting components are database for storing the configuration and settings
for the server, a streaming service for the virtual disk content, a (optional) TFTP service and a
(also optional) PXE boot service for connecting the client to the OS Virtualization servers.

As it is already mentioned that the virtual disk contains an image of a physical disk from the
system that will reflect to the configuration and the settings of those systems which will be
using the virtual disk. When the virtual disk is created then that disk needs to be assigned to
the client that will be using this disk for starting. The connection between the client and the
disk is made through the administrative tool and saved within the database. When a client has
a assigned disk, the machine can be started with the virtual disk using the following process as

displayed in the given below Figure: 

1) Connecting to the OS Virtualization server:

First we start the machine and set up the connection with the OS Virtualization server. Most of
the products offer several possible methods to connect with the server. One of the most
popular and used methods is using a PXE service, but also a boot strap is used a lot (because
of the disadvantages of the PXE service). Although each method initializes the network
interface card (NIC), receiving a (DHCP-based) IP address and a connection to the server.

2) Connecting the Virtual Disk:

When the connection is established between the client and the server, the server will look into
its database for checking the client is known or unknown and which virtual disk is assigned to
the client. When more than one virtual disk are connected then a boot menu will be displayed
on the client side. If only one disk is assigned, that disk will be connected to the client which is
mentioned in step number 3.

3) VDisk connected to the client:

After the desired virtual disk is selected by the client, that virtual disk is connected through the
OS Virtualization server . At the back-end, the OS Virtualization server makes sure that the
client will be unique (for example computer name and identifier) within the infrastructure.

4) OS is "streamed" to the client:

As soon the disk is connected the server starts streaming the content of the virtual disk. The
software knows which parts are necessary for starting the operating system smoothly, so that
these parts are streamed first. The information streamed in the system should be stored
somewhere (i.e. cached). Most products offer several ways to cache that information. For
examples on the client hard disk or on the disk of the OS Virtualization server.

5) Additional Streaming:
After that the first part is streamed then the operating system will start to run as expected.
Additional virtual disk data will be streamed when required for running or starting a function
called by the user (for example starting an application available within the virtual disk).

Linux OS Virutualization
Vmware workstation software is used to do the virtualization of Operating System. For
installing any Operating System virtually, you need to install VMware software. We are using
VMware workstation 10.

Before installing linux OS, you need to have iso image file of linux OS. Let's see the steps to
install the linux os virtually.

How to create new virtual machine for linux OS?

1) Click on create new virtual machine.

2) In welcome window, choose custom option and click next button.

Java Try Catch

3) In choose the virtual machine hardware compatibility window, click on next button.

4) In the Guest operating system window, choose iso image file from the disk or any drive. I
have put the iso file of ubuntu in e: drive. So browse your iso image and click on next button.

5) In the easy install information window, provide full name, username, password and confirm
password then click on next button.
You can see the given information.

6) In the processor configuration information, you can select number of processors, number of
processor per core. If you don't want to change the default settings, click on next only.

7) In the memory of the virtual machine window, you can set the memory limit. Click on the
next button.
8) In the specify disk capacity window, you can set the disk size. Click on the next button.

9) In the specify disk file window, you can specify the disk file then click on the next button.

10) In the ready to create virtual machine window, click on the finish button.
11) Now you will see vmware screen then ubuntu screen.

Windows OS Virutualization
To install windows OS virtually, you need to install VMware first. After installing virtualization
software, you will get a window to install the new operating system.

Let's see the steps to install the windows OS on VMware workstation.

 

 
 

 
  

 
  

Cloud Service Provider Companies

Cloud Service providers (CSP) offers various services such as Software as a Service, Platform
as a service, Infrastructure as a service, network services, business applications, mobile
applications, and infrastructure in the cloud. The cloud service providers host these services
in a data center, and users can access these services through cloud provider companies using
an Internet connection.

There are the following Cloud Service Providers Companies -

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a secure cloud service platform provided by Amazon. It
offers various services such as database storage, computing power, content delivery, Relational
Database, Simple Email, Simple Queue, and other functionality to increase the organization's
growth.

Features of AWS

AWS provides various powerful features for building scalable, cost-effective, enterprise
applications. Some important features of AWS is given below-

How to find Nth Highest Salary in SQL

 AWS is scalable because it has an ability to scale the computing resources up or down

according to the organization's demand.
 AWS is cost-effective as it works on a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
 It provides various flexible storage options.
 It offers various security services such as infrastructure security, data encryption, monitoring
& logging, identity & access control, penetration testing, and DDoS attacks.
 It can efficiently manage and secure Windows workloads.

2. Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure is also known as Windows Azure. It supports various operating systems,
databases, programming languages, frameworks that allow IT professionals to easily build,
deploy, and manage applications through a worldwide network. It also allows users to create
different groups for related utilities.

Features of Microsoft Azure

o Microsoft Azure provides scalable, flexible, and cost-effective
o It allows developers to quickly manage applications and websites.
 o It managed each resource individually.
o Its IaaS infrastructure allows us to launch a general-purpose virtual machine in different
platforms such as Windows and Linux.
o It offers a Content Delivery System (CDS) for delivering the Images, videos, audios, and
applications.

3. Google Cloud Platform

Google cloud platform is a product of Google. It consists of a set of physical devices, such as
computers, hard disk drives, and virtual machines. It also helps organizations to simplify the
migration process.

Features of Google Cloud

 Google cloud includes various big data services such as Google BigQuery, Google
CloudDataproc, Google CloudDatalab, and Google Cloud Pub/Sub.
 It provides various services related to networking, including Google Virtual Private Cloud
(VPC), Content Delivery Network, Google Cloud Load Balancing, Google Cloud Interconnect,
and Google Cloud DNS.
 It offers various scalable and high-performance
 GCP provides various serverless services such as Messaging, Data Warehouse, Database,
Compute, Storage, Data Processing, and Machine learning (ML)
 It provides a free cloud shell environment with Boost Mode.

4. IBM Cloud Services

IBM Cloud is an open-source, faster, and more reliable platform. It is built with a suite of
advanced data and AI tools. It offers various services such as Infrastructure as a
service, Software as a service, and platform as a service. You can access its services like
compute power, cloud data & Analytics, cloud use cases, and storage networking using
internet connection.

Feature of IBM Cloud

o IBM cloud improves operational efficiency.
o Its speed and agility improve the customer's satisfaction.
o It offers Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), as well as Software as a
Service (SaaS)
o It offers various cloud communications services to our IT environment.

5. VMware Cloud
VMware cloud is a Software-Defined Data Center (SSDC) unified platform for the Hybrid Cloud.
It allows cloud providers to build agile, flexible, efficient, and robust cloud services.

Features of VMware
o VMware cloud works on the pay-as-per-use model and monthly subscription
o It provides better customer satisfaction by protecting the user's data.
o It can easily create a new VMware Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) cluster on AWS
cloud by utilizing a RESTful API.
o It provides flexible storage options. We can manage our application storage on a per-
application basis.
o It provides a dedicated high-performance network for managing the application traffic and also
supports multicast networking.
o It eliminates the time and cost complexity.
6. Oracle cloud
Oracle cloud platform is offered by the Oracle Corporation. It combines Platform as a Service,
Infrastructure as a Service, Software as a Service, and Data as a Service with cloud
infrastructure. It is used to perform tasks such as moving applications to the cloud, managing
development environment in the cloud, and optimize connection performance.

Features of Oracle cloud

 Oracle cloud provides various tools for build, integrate, monitor, and secure the applications.
 Its infrastructure uses various languages including, Java, Ruby, PHP, Node.js.
 It integrates with Docker, VMware, and other DevOps tools.
 Oracle database not only provides unparalleled integration between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS,
but also integrates with the on-premises platform to improve operational efficiency.
 It maximizes the value of IT investments.
 It offers customizable Virtual Cloud Networks, firewalls, and IP addresses to securely support
private networks.

7. Red Hat
Red Hat virtualization is an open standard and desktop virtualization platform produced by
Red Hat. It is very popular for the Linux environment to provide various infrastructure solutions
for virtualized servers as well as technical workstations. Most of the small and medium-sized
organizations use Red Hat to run their organizations smoothly. It offers higher density, better
performance, agility, and security to the resources. It also improves the organization's economy
by providing cheaper and easier management capabilities.

Features of Rad Hat

 Red Hat provides secure, certified, and updated container images via the Red Hat Container
catalog.
  Red Hat cloud includes OpenShift, which is an app development platform that allows
developers to access, modernize, and deploy apps
 It supports up to 16 virtual machines, each having up to 256GB of RAM.
 It offers better reliability, availability, and serviceability.
 It provides flexible storage capabilities, including very large SAN-based storage, better
management of memory allocations, high availability of LVMs, and support for particularly
roll-back.
 In the Desktop environment, it includes features like New on-screen keyboard, GNOME
software, which allows us to install applications, update application, as well as extended
device support.

8. DigitalOcean
DigitalOcean is the unique cloud provider that offers computing services to the organization. It
was founded in 2011 by Moisey Uretsky and Ben. It is one of the best cloud provider that
allows us to manage and deploy web applications.

Features of DigitalOcean
 It uses the KVM hypervisor to allocate physical resources to the virtual servers.
 It provides high-quality performance.
 It offers a digital community platform that helps to answer queries and holding feedbacks.
 It allows developers to use cloud servers to quickly create new virtual machines for their
projects.
 It offers one-click apps for droplets. These apps include MySQL, Docker, MongoDB,
Wordpress, PhpMyAdmin, LAMP stack, Ghost, and Machine Learning.

9. Rackspace
Rackspace offers cloud computing services such as hosting web applications, Cloud Backup,
Cloud Block Storage, Databases, and Cloud Servers. The main aim to designing Rackspace is to
easily manage private and public cloud deployments. Its data centers operating in the USA, UK,
Hong Kong, and Australia.
Features of Rackspace
 Rackspace provides various tools that help organizations to collaborate and communicate
more efficiently.
 We can access files that are stored on the Rackspace cloud drive, anywhere, anytime using
any device.
 It offers 6 globally data centers.
 It can manage both virtual servers and dedicated physical servers on the same network.
 It provides better performance at a lower cost.

10. Alibaba Cloud

Alibaba Cloud is used to develop data management and highly scalable cloud computing
services. It offers various services, including Elastic Computing, Storage, Networking, Security,
Database Services, Application Services, Media Services, Cloud Communication, and Internet of
Things.

Features of Alibaba Cloud

 Alibaba cloud offers a suite of global cloud computing services for both international
customers and Alibaba Group's e-commerce ecosystem.
 Its services are available on a pay-as-per-use basis.
 It globally deals with its 14 data centers.
 It offers scalable and reliable data storage.

How to create amazon EC2 window instances:

Launch a Windows Instance
You can launch a Windows instance using the AWS Management Console as described
following. An instance is a virtual server in the AWS cloud. With the help of Amazon EC2, you
can set up and configure the operating system and applications that run on your instance.
To launch an instance
1. Sign in to the AWS Console and open the Amazon EC2 console.
2. From the navigation bar, select the region for the instance. Here we are going to choose
Singapore data region. Otherwise, this choice is important because some Amazon EC2 resources
can be shared between regions, while others can't be.

3. On console dashboard, click Launch Instance.

4. To Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) page displays a list of basic configurations called
Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) that serve as templates for your instance. Select the 64-bit
version of Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Notice that this configuration is marked as  Free
tier eligible.
5. To Choose an Instance Type page, you can select the hardware configuration for your instance.
The t1.micro instance will be selected by default. Click Review and Launch to let the wizard
complete or not with other configuration settings for you, so you can get started quickly.

6. To Review Instance Launch page, you need to go to the settings for your instance.

Under Security Groups, you will see that the wizard will be created and selected a
security group for you. The security group includes basic firewall rules that will enable
you to connect to your instance. For a Windows instance, you connect through Remote
Desktop Protocol (RDP) on port 3389.

If you have an existing security group then you need to use by clicking Edit security
groups, and select your group on the Configure Security Group page. When done,
click Review and Launch to return to the Review Instance Launch page.
7. Click on Launch.

8. In the Select an existing key pair or create a new key pair dialog box, you can select Choose
an existing key pair, to select a key pair you already created.

Alternatively, you can create a new key pair. Select Create a new key pair, enter a name
for the key pair, and then click Download Key Pair.

This is the only chance for you to save the private key file, so be sure to download it.
Save the private key file in a safe place. You'll need to provide the name of your key pair
when you launch an instance and the corresponding private key each time you connect
to the instance.
 It will be downloaded in the form of .pem file and save it for future purpose.

Attention

Don't select the Proceed without a key pair option. If you launch your instance without
a key pair, then you can't connect to it.

When you are ready, select the acknowledgement check box, and then click Launch
Instances.

9. A confirmation page will open to know that your instance is launching. Click View Instances to
close the confirmation page and return to the console.
  

10. On the Instances page, you can view the status of the launch. It takes a short time for an
instance to launch. When you launch an instance, its initial state is pending. After the instance
starts, its state changes to running and it receives a public DNS name.

11. Record the public DNS name for your instance because you'll need it for the next step.
 12. (Optional) After your instance is launched, you can view its security group rules. From the
Instances page, select the instance. In the Description tab, find Security groups and click view
rules.

As you can see, if you used the security group the wizard created for you, it contains
one rule that allows RDP traffic from any IP source to port 3389. If you launch a
Windows instance running IIS and SQL, the wizard creates a security group that contains
additional rules to allow traffic to port 80 for HTTP (for IIS) and port 1433 for MS SQL

Connect to Your Windows Instance

To connect to a Windows instance, you must retrieve the initial administrator password and
then specify this password when you connect to your instance using Remote Desktop.

Note:- Windows instances are limited to two simultaneous remote connections at one time.
If you attempt a third connection, an error will occur. For more information, see Configure
the Number of Simultaneous Remote Connections Allowed for a Connection.

To connect to your Windows instance

1. In the Amazon EC2 console, select the instance, and then click Connect.

2. In the Connect To Your Instance dialog box, click Get Password (it will take a few minutes after
the instance is launched before the password is available).
3. Click Browse and navigate to the private key file you created when you launched the instance.
Select the file and click Open to copy the entire contents of the file into contents box.

4. Click Decrypt Password. The console displays the default administrator password for the
instance in the Connect To Your Instance dialog box, replacing the link to Get
Password shown previously with the actual password.
5. Click Download Remote Desktop File. Your browser prompts you to either open or save
the .rdp file. Either option is fine. When you have finished, you can click  Close to dismiss
the Connect To Your Instance dialog box.

6. If you opened the .rdp file, you will see the Remote Desktop Connection dialog box. If you
saved the .rdp file then navigate to your downloads directory, and double-click the .rdp file to
display the dialog box. You will get a warning that the publisher of the remote connection is
unknown. Click Connect to connect to your instance. You may get a warning that the security
certificate could not be authenticated. Click Yes to continue.

7. Log in to the instance as prompted, using the default Administrator account and the default
administrator password that you recorded or copied previously.
After you connect, we recommend that you do the following:
o Change the Administrator password from the default value. You change the password while
logged on to the instance itself, just as you would on any other Windows Server.
o Create another user account with administrator privileges on the instance. Another account with
administrator privileges is a safeguard if you forget the Administrator password or have a
problem with the Administrator account.
  

Now how can you share your local drives with the Singapore or others data center?
 History of Java

Now start the RDP (Remote Desktop Service) from the Windows machine as shown below. Run
themstsc command from the Run menu.

The Remote Desktop Connection window is displayed.

Click the Options button and then select the Local Resources tab.

In the Remote audio area, select Settings to configure the audio settings of your instance.
In the Local Resource tab, in the Local devices and resources area, click More. All the plug
and play devices that can be available through network in the AWS EC2 server instance are
listed, as well as the disk drives.

Click Connect.
  

Now we can install anything in the Singapore datacenter from our local drives.

Difference between AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud

Platform
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a cloud computing platform which was introduced in 2002. It
offers a wide range of cloud services such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a
Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

AWS provides the largest community with millions of active customers as well as thousands of
partners globally. Most of the organizations use AWS to expand their business by moving their
IT management to the AWS.

Flexibility, security, scalability, and better performance are some important features of AWS.
Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure is also called as Windows Azure. It is a worldwide cloud platform which is
used for building, deploying, and managing services. It supports multiple programming
languages such as Java, Nodejs, C, and C#. The advantage of using Microsoft Azure is that it
allows us to a wide variety of services without arranging and purchasing additional hardware
components.

Exception Handling in Java - Javatpoint

Microsoft Azure provides several computing services, including servers, storage, databases,
software, networking, and analytics over the Internet.

Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is introduced by Google in 2011. It allows us to use Google's
products such as Google search engine, Gmail, YouTube, etc. Most of the companies use this
platform to easily build, move, and deploy applications on the cloud. It allows us to access
these applications using a high-speed internet connection. The advantage of GCP is that it
supports various databases such as SQL, MYSQL, Oracle, Sam, and more.

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) provides various cloud computing services, including computing,
data analytics, data storage, and machine learning.

Difference between AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Although AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google cloud platforms offer various high-level features
in terms of computing, management, storage, and other services, but there are also some
differences between these three.
The below table shows the difference between AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform -

Parameter AWS Azure Google Cloud

Platform

App Testing It uses device farm It uses DevTest labs It uses Cloud Tes
labs.

API Management Amazon API Azure API gateway Cloud endpoints.

gateway

Kubernetes Management EKS Kubernetes service Kubernetes engine

Git Repositories AWS source Azure source repositories Cloud sourc

repositories repositories.

Data warehouse Redshift SQL warehouse Big Query

Object Storage S3 Block Blobs and files Google clou

storage.

Relational DB RDS Relational DBs Google Cloud SQL

Block Storage EBS Page Blobs Persistent disks

Marketplace AWS Azure G suite

File Storage EFS Azure Files ZFS and Avere

 Media Services Amazon Elastic Azure media services Cloud vide
transcoder intelligence API

Virtual network VPC VNet Subnet

Pricing Per hour Per minute Per minute

Maximum processors in 128 128 96

VM

Maximum memory in VM 3904 3800 1433

(GiB)

Catching ElasticCache RedisCache CloudCDN

Load Balancing Elastic Load Load Balancer Cloud Load Balancin

Configuration Balancing Application Gateway

Global Content Delivery CloudFront Content Delivery Cloud Interconnect

Networks Network

Cloud Server
Google upgraded its algorithm in July 2018 to include page load speed as a ranking metric.
Consider the consequences if customers leave the page because of load time then the rankings
of the page suffer.

Load-time was one of many instances of the significance of hosting services and its effects are
on the overall profitability of the company.

Now, let's disintegrate the distinction between the two key kinds of services provided to
understand the significance of web hosting servers: These two servers are: Cloud hosting and
dedicated servers.

Each server has certain benefits and drawbacks that may become especially significant to an
organization on a plan, meeting time restrictions or looking to develop. The meanings and
variations you need to know are discussed here.

Features of Java - Javatpoint

Cloud Ecosystem
A cloud environment is a dynamic system of interrelated components, all of which come together to
produce cloud services possible. The cloud infrastructure of cloud services is made up of software and
hardware components and also cloud clients, cloud experts, vendors, integrators and partners.

The cloud is a technique that is applied to function as a single entity with limitless multiple-
servers. As data is stored "in the cloud," it implies that it is kept in a virtual environment that
can pull support from numerous geographically placed physical platforms across the world.

Similarly, the hubs are specific servers that are linked via the opportunity to exchange services
in virtual space, mostly in data center facilities. It's a cloud.

To distribute computing resources, cloud servers support pooled files and folders, including
Ceph or a wide Storage Area Network (SAN). Through devolution, hosted and virtual server
data are integrated. In the context of a malfunction, its condition can be easily transferred from
this environment.

To manage the various sizes of cloud storage that are splintered, a hypervisor is often built. It
also controls the assignment of hardware facilities, such as core processors, RAM and storage
space, to every cloud server.

Dedicated Hosting System

The dedicated environment for server hosting may not allow usage of virtual technologies. The
strengths and weaknesses of a specific item of hardware devices are the foundation of all tools.

The word 'dedicated' derives from the fact that, depending on hardware, it is separated from
any other physical environment around it. The equipment is deliberately developed to offer
industry-leading efficiency, power, longevity and, very important, durability.

What is Cloud Server, and How it works

The on-demand procurement of computer network resources, particularly storing data (cloud
services) and computational capability, is cloud computing without explicit, active user
intervention. In common, the term describes data centers accessible over the Web to many
users. Large servers, over all today, also have operations spread through cloud servers over
several environments. If the communication to the user is slightly closer, an edge server can be
assigned.

Cloud server hosting is, in basic words, a virtualized storage network.

The core level support for several cloud storage is provided by devices known as bare metal
servers. Various bare metal nodes are mainly composed of a public cloud, typically housed in
protected network infrastructure for collocation. Multiple virtual servers are hosted by all of
these physical servers.

In a couple of seconds, a virtual machine can be built. When it is no longer required, it can also
be discarded fast. It is also an easy task to submit information to a virtual server, without the
need for in-depth hardware upgrades. Another of the main benefits of cloud infrastructure is
versatility, and it is a quality that is central to the cloud service concept.

There will be several web servers within such a private cloud that provide services for the same
physical environment. And though each device will be a bare metal server, what consumers
invest for and eventually use is the virtual environment.

Dedicated Server Hosting

Dedicated hosting contains the ability to provide a data center with only a specific customer.

All of the server's facilities are offered to the particular client who leases or purchases the
computer equipment. Services are designed to the customer's requirements, such as
storage, RAM, bandwidth load, and processor sort. The most efficient computers in the
marketplace are dedicated hosting servers, which most often include several processors.

A dedicated server can need a server network. The cluster is based on modern technology,
everyone connecting to a virtual network location for several dedicated servers. After all, only
one customer has access to the tools that are in the virtual environment.

Hybrid cloud server (Mixture of Dedicated and cloud server)

A hybrid cloud is named as an incredibly prevalent architecture that several businesses use.
Dedicated and cloud hosting alternatives are used in a hybrid cloud. A hybrid may also
combine dedicated hosting servers with protected and public cloud servers. This configuration
enables several configurations that are appealing to organizations with unique requirements or
financial restrictions on the personalization aspect.

Using dedicated servers for back-end operations is one of the most common hybrid cloud
architectures. The hybrid servers' power provides the most stable storage space and
communication climate. On cloud storage, its front-end is hosted. For Software as a Service
(SaaS) applications, which need flexibility and scalability based on customer-handling
parameters, this architecture works perfectly.

Common factors of cloud server and dedicated server

Either dedicated or cloud servers both perform similar required actions through their root. The
following software is used with both strategies:

 Keep information preserved

 Request permission for the data
 Queries for information processed
 Return data to the person who needed it.

Differences between hosting services or virtual private server (VPS) services are often preserved
by cloud storage and physical hosting.

 Processing large quantities of data without hiccups from delay or results.

 Knowledge reception, analysis and returning to clients with business usual reaction times.
 Protection of the integrity of information stored.
 Ensuring web apps' efficiency.

Cloud-based systems and dedicated servers of the modern generation have the specific
capacity to handle almost any service or program. Using related back-end tools, they can be
handled, so that both approaches may execute on similar applications. The differentiation is in
the results.
Matching the perfect approach to a framework will save money for organizations, increase
flexibility and agility, and help to optimize the use of resources.

Cloud server vs. Dedicated server

While analyzing performance, scalability, migration, management, services, and costing,
the variations among cloud infrastructure and dedicated servers become more evident.

1. Scalability
Dedicated hosting ranges separately from servers based on clouds. The classifier model is
constrained by the size of stacks or drive-bays of the Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
present on the server. Via an existing logical volume manager (LVM) file, a RAID handler, and a
connected charger, a dedicated server might be able to communicate a disk to an already
open bay. Hot swapping is more complicated for DAS arrays.

Cloud server space, by addition, is readily customizable (and contractible). The cloud server is
not always a part of the connection to provide more storage capacity since the SAN is away
from the host. In the cloud world, extending capacity does not suffer any slowdown.

Excluding operational downtime, dedicated servers often require more money and resources to
update processors. The complete conversion or communicating of another server is necessary
for webservers on a single device that needs additional processing capacity.

2. Performance
For a business that's looking for easy deployment and information retrieval, dedicated servers
are typically the most preferred option. Although they manipulate data locally, they may not
experience a wide range of delays when carrying out certain operations.

This output pace is particularly essential for organizations, including e-commerce, in which
every 1/10th of a second count. To manage information, cloud servers have to go through
SAN, which carries the operation through the architecture's rear end.

The application should also be routed via the hypervisor. This additional processing imposes a
certain delay factor that cannot be decreased.

Devices on dedicated servers are dedicated exclusively to the web or software host. They may
not require to queue queries until all of the computing capacity is used at one (which is highly
doubtful). For businesses with Processor sensitive load balancing operations, this enables
dedicated servers an excellent option. CPU units in a cloud system need supervision to prevent
efficiency from decaying. Without the need for an additional amount of lag, the existing
version of hosts cannot accommodate requests.
Dedicated servers are completely connected to the host site or program, preventing the overall
environment from being throttled. Especially in comparison to the cloud storage world, the
commitment of this degree enables networking to be a simple operation.

Using the physical network in the cloud system poses a serious risk of bandwidth being
throttled. If more than one occupant is concurrently utilizing the same channel, a variety of
adverse impacts can be encountered by both occupants.

3. Administration and Operations

Dedicated servers can enable an enterprise to track their dedicated devices. In-house workers
also ought to grasp the management of programs more precisely. A business would also need
a detailed understanding of the load profile to keep storage overhead within the correct range.

Scaling, updates and repairs are a collaborative endeavor between customers and suppliers
that should be strategically planned to keep downtime to a minimum. It will be more
convenient for cloud servers to handle. With much less effect on processes, interoperability is
quicker.

If a dedicated environment requires scheduling to estimate server needs correctly, cloud

services platforms require planning to address the possible constraints that you may
encounter.

4. Cost Comparison
Normally, cloud servers contain a lower initial expense than dedicated servers. After all, when a
business scales and needs additional capital, cloud servers start losing this benefit.

There are also some characteristics that really can boost the price of cloud and dedicated
servers. For example, executing a cloud server via a specific network interface can be very
costly.

An advantage of dedicated servers is that it is possible to update them. Network cards

and Non-Volatile Memory (NVMe) drive with more storage, which can boost capacities at the
cost of a business's equipment expenditure.

Usually, cloud servers are paid on a regular OpEx (Operational expenditure) model. CapEx
(Capital expenditure) are generally physical server alternatives. They enable you to overwrite
the assets at no extra cost. You also have capital investment expenses that can be paid off for a
period of 3 years.

5. Migration
Streamlined migration can be attained through both dedicated and cloud hosting services.
Migration involves further preparation inside a dedicated setting. The new approach may hold
both previous and present progress in view to execute a smooth migration. There should be a
full-scale decision made.

In most instances, before the new server is entirely prepared to accept over, the old and new
implementations can run simultaneously. Maintaining the existing systems as a backup is also
recommended before the latest approach can be sufficiently checked.

Cloud Computing Interview Questions

There is given Cloud Computing interview questions and answers that has been asked in many
companies. Let's see the list of top Cloud Computing interview questions.

1) What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is an internet based new age computer technology. It is the next stage
technology that uses the clouds to provide the services whenever and wherever the user need
it.It provides a method to access several servers world wide.

2) What are the benefits of cloud computing?

The main benefits of cloud computing are:

 Data backup and storage of data.

 Powerful server capabilities.
 Incremented productivity.
 Very cost effective and time saving.
 Software as Service known as SaaS.

3) What is a cloud?
A cloud is a combination of networks ,hardware, services, storage, and interfaces that helps in
delivering computing as a service. It has three users :

OOPs Concepts in Java

1. End users
2. Business management users
3. cloud service provider
4) What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
There are different data types in cloud computing like emails, contracts, images , blogs etc. As
we know that data is increasing day by day so it is needed to new data types to store these
new data. For an example, if you want to store video then you need a new data type.

5) Which are the different layers that define cloud architecture?

Following are the different layers that are used by cloud architecture:

 CLC or Cloud Controller

 Walrus
 Cluster Controller
 SC or Storage Controller
 NC or Node Controller

6) Which platforms are used for large scale cloud computing?

The following platforms are used for large scale cloud computing:

o Apache Hadoop
o MapReduce

7) What are the different layers in cloud computing? Explain

working of them.
There are 3 layers in the hierarchy of cloud computing.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):It provides cloud infrastructure in terms of hardware as like

memory, processor, speed etc.

Platform as a service (PaaS):It provides cloud application platform for the developer.

Software as a service (SaaS)::It provides the cloud applications to users directly without
installing anything on the system. These applications remains on cloud.

8) What do you mean by software as a service?

Software As a Service (SaaS) is an important layer of cloud computing. It provides cloud
applications like Google is doing. It facilitate users to save their document on the cloud and
create as well.
9) What is the platform as a service?
It is also a layer in cloud architecture. This model is built on the infrastructure model and
provide resources like computers, storage and network. It is responsible to provide complete
virtualization of the infrastructure layer, make it look like a single server and invisible for
outside world.

10) What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud

computing?
Cloud computing provides a on-demand access to the virtualized IT resources. It can be used
by the subscriber. It uses shared pool to provide configurable resources. Shared pool contains
networks, servers, storage, applications and services.

11) What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
Apache Hadoop and MapReduce are the platforms use for large scale cloud computing.

12) What are the different models for deployment in cloud

computing?
 These are the different deployment model in cloud computing:

 Private cloud

 Public cloud

 Hybrid cloud

 Community cloud

13) What is private cloud?

Private clouds are used to keep the strategic operations and other reasons secure. It is a
complete platform which is fully functional and can be owned, operated and restricted to only
an organization or an industry. Now a day, most of the organizations have moved to private
clouds due to security concerns. Virtual private cloud is being used that operate by a hosting
company.

14) What is public cloud?

The public clouds are open to the people for use and deployment. For example: Google and
Amazon etc. The public clouds focus on a few layers like cloud application, infrastructure
providing and providing platform markets.
15) What are Hybrid clouds?
Hybrid clouds are the combination of public clouds and private clouds. It is preferred over both
the clouds because it applies most robust approach to implement cloud architecture. It
includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds. It allows organizations to create
their own cloud and allow them to give the control over to someone else as well.

16) What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile

computing?
Mobile computing and cloud computing are slightly same in concept. Mobile computing uses
the concept of cloud computing . Cloud computing provides users the data which they
required while in mobile computing, applications run on the remote server and gives user the
access for storage and manage.

17) What is the difference between scalability and elasticity?

Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing which is used to handle the increasing
workload by increasing in proportion amount of resource capacity. By the use of scalability, the
architecture provides on demand resources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic.
Whereas, Elasticity is a characteristic which provides the concept of commissioning and
decommissioning of large amount of resource capacity dynamically. It is measured by the
speed by which the resources are coming on demand and the usage of the resources.

18) What are the security benefits of cloud computing?

Cloud computing authorizes the application service, so it is used in identity management.

It provides permissions to the users so that they can control the access of another user who is
entering into the cloud environment.

19) What is the usage of utility computing?

Utility computing is a plug-in managed by an organization which decides what type of services
has to be deployed from the cloud. It facilitates users to pay only for what they use.

20) What is "EUCALYPTUS" in cloud computing? Why is it used?

It is an acronym stands for Elastic Utility Computing Architecture For Linking Your Program To
Useful Systems. It is an open source software infrastructure in cloud computing and used to
implement clusters in cloud computing platform. It creates public, private and hybrid cloud. It
facilitate a user to create his own data center into a private cloud and use its functionalities to
many other organizations.
21) Explain System integrators in cloud computing.
System integrator provides a strategy of a complicated process used to design a cloud
platform. It creates more accurate hybrid and private cloud network because integrator have all
the knowledge about the data center creation.

22) What are the open source cloud computing platform

databases?
MongoDB, CouchDB, LucidDB are the example of open source cloud computing platform
database.

23) Give some example of large cloud provider and databases?

 Google bigtable

 Amazon simpleDB

 Cloud based SQL

24) What is the difference between cloud and traditional

datacenters?
The cost of the traditional datacenter is higher than cloud because in traditional databases,
there is overheating problems and some software and hardware issue.

25) What are the different in Software as a Service (SaaS)?

Simple Multi-tenancy:In this mode, Every user has independent resources and are uniquely
different from other users. This is an efficient mode.

Fine grain multi-tenancy:: In this mode, the resources can be shared by many users but the
functionality remains the same.

26) Why API's is used in cloud services?

 API's (Application Programming Interfaces) is used in cloud platform because:

 It provide an alternative way that you don't need to write the fully fledged program.

 It makes communication between one or more applications.

 It creates applications and link the cloud services with other systems.
27) What are the advantages of cloud services?
Following are the main advantages of cloud services:

 Cost saving: It helps in the utilization of investment in the corporate sector. So, it is cost
saving.
 Scalable and Robust: It helps in the developing scalable and robust applications. Previously,
the scaling took months, but now, scaling takes less time.
 Time saving: It helps in saving time in terms of deployment and maintenance.

28) What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

1. Containerized datacenter
2. Low density datacenter

29) What do you mean by CaaS?

CaaS is a terminology used in telecom industry as Communication As a Service. CaaS offers the
enterprise user features such as desktop call control, unified messaging and desktop faxing.

30) What do you mean by VPN? What does it contain?

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. VPN is a private cloud that manage the security of the
data during the communication in the cloud environment. With VPN, you can make a public
network as private network.

31) What are the basic clouds in cloud computing?

There are three basic clouds in cloud computing:

1. Professional cloud
2. Personal cloud
3. Performance cloud

32) What are the most essential things that must be followed
before going for cloud computing platform?
 Compliance
 Loss of data
 Data storage
 Business continuity
 Uptime
 Data integrity in cloud computing
33) Which services are provided by Window azure operating
system?
There are three core services provided by Window azure operating system:

 Compute
 Storage
 Management

34) What is the usage of virtualization platform in implementing

cloud?
The main usage of virtualization platform in implementing cloud is:

 It is used to manage the service level policies.

 Cloud Operating System.
 Virtualization platforms help to keep the backend level and user level concepts different
from each other.

35) We source cloud computing platform databases?

Following are the open source cloud computing platform databases:

 MongoDB
 CouchDB
 LucidDB

36) What are some large cloud providers and databases?

Following are the mostly used large cloud providers and databases:

 Google bigtable
 Amazon simpleDB
 Cloud based SQL

37) How would you secure data for transport in cloud?

This is the most obvious question accurued in mind that if the cloud data is secure; To ensure
that, check that there is no data leak with the encryption key implemented with the data you
sending while the data moves from point A to point B in cloud.