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What is Globalization?
GLOBALIZATION
It is a process of interaction and
integration between people, business,
entities, governments and cultures from
other nations driven by international
trade and investment and supported by
information technology.
Our exposure to the concept of
globalization has largely been
through economic lens.
It is tempting to limit
globalization as something
that concerns economist and
businessman.
But globalization and its effects
go beyond import and export
and Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI).
Globalization as a
phenomenon is not new.
Nation and cultures
have been interacting
and integrating with one
another for millenia.
The effects of Globalization
The effects of globalization are multi-
dimensional, increasing interconnectedness
because of globalization has, in many ways,
been positive and has led to an improvement
in the quality of life in many places.
MEYER 2000

MEYER 2000
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE POLITICAL DEPENDENCE

EXPANDED FLOW OF PEOLE INSTRUMENTAL CULTURE

is a system by which many

A situation in which the success of

KENTOR (2001 )
It creates a small highly paid class of elites to manage these investments who
create many but usually low-pay jobs.
Profits from these investments are repatriated, rather than invested to the
host country creating domestic capital formation
Foreign capital penetration tends to concentrate land ownership among the
very rich; and
Host countries tend to create political and economic climates favorable to
foreign capital that inturn limit domestic labor’s ability to obtain better wages.
In simple words, “The rich become richer and the poor become poorer.”
HOUT (1980)
Houts (1980) observes that international dependence (another name
for globalization) tends to suppress adult wages, in turn perpetuates
the role of children as economic necessities (familiar saying “Kapag
maraming anak, maraming katulong sa hanap buhay”) leading to
explosive population growth.
POLITICAL AND MILITARY
DEPENDENCE/INTERDEPENDENCE
Despite the current very conservative
stance of the US on its foreign policies,
this can be taken as evidence of the
Philippines’ dependence in both political
and military power of the US in order to
maintain its sovereignty as a nation-
state in the Southeast Asia region. Similar
things can be said of Russia and the
many communist nations throughout the
world.
EXPANDED FLOW OF EXPRESSIVE AND
INSTRUMENTAL CULTURE
Expressive culture deals with how a
particular culture expresses itself in its
language, music, arts etc. Globalization
encourages the monetization of these
cultural artifacts and their import/export
among participating cultures; the
increased consumption of which changes
the consuming culture.
EXPANDED FLOW OF EXPRESSIVE AND
INSTRUMENTAL CULTURE
Instrumental culture on the other hand
refers to “common models of social
order” (Meyer 2000)- that is, models or
ways of thinking about and enacting
national identity, nation- state policies
both domestic and foreign, socio-
economic development, human rights,
education and social progress.
EXPANDED FLOW OF PEOPLE AMONG
SOCIETIES
The fact that globalization encourages
the movement of people between nation-
states should come as no surprise to us.
The Philippine statistics authority (PSA)
estimates that there were 2.3 million
OFWs during the period of April to
September 2017, who were responsible for
up to 205.2 billion pesos in remittances.
CULTURAL LITERACY
CULTURAL LITERACY
Cultural Literacy is a term coined by
Hirsch (1983), Referring to the ability to
understand the signs and symbols of a
given culture and being able to
participate in its activities and customs
as opposed to simply being a passive and
outside observer.
OBJECT LINE
Alphabet

Grammar

f Vocabulary
fficient set o
Su
"Do unto others as you would have them unto you"
Cultural Literacy in the Philippines
The National Commission for Culture and the
Arts(NCCA) is the government body tasked with the
documentation , preservation and dissemination of
Philippine.
PCEP or Philippine Cultural Education Program is to
envision a nation of culturally literate and
empowered Filipinos.
 Cultural Education
It seeks to develop among Filipinos a greater
awareness, understanding and appreciation of our arts ,
history, geography ,and heritage towards the evolution
of a consciousness that will improve the quality of life.
Challenges for Cultural Literacies in the Philippines
Philipine culture is a complex blend of many indigenous
and colonial cultures and varies widely across
regions,and the average citizen is almost as ignorant of
other Philipine cultures as foreigners are.
DONYA VICTORINA SYNDROME . According to Felipe M.
de Leon,Jr., professor of art and chairman off the
National Commission for culture and the arts or
(NCCA),Dona Victorina syndrome may be defined as
doubt in the Filipino capacity for achievement
persevere delight among Filipinos to constantly belittle
themselves.
MULTICULTURAL LITERACY
 MULTICULTURAL LITERACY
Multicultural Literacy as a set of skills and knowledge is difficult to define
because of how it changes depending on the contexts in which is discussed.
In America , Multicultural Literacy has a very strong learnings towards
knowing or identifying the poly-ethnic origin of knowledgeable with the
express goal of fostering quality, diversity and social justice.
In Europe, Multicultural Literacy comes in the form of Intercultural
communication and competence (ICC), which is defined by Dusi, Messeti
and Steinbach (2014) as a composite of skills, abilities , personality patterns
etc, necessary for clear and productive communication with cultures other
than our own.
Be Selfless
Know that good and useful things can
(and do) come from those different
from us.
Be willing to compromise.
Accept that there are limits.
 Issues in Teaching and Learning
Multicultural Literacy in the
Philippines
Conflicting requirements for peace-the heart of
multicultural literacy is peace among different
cultures- that is productive and non- violent
interaction.
Nationalistic and Regionalistic Pushback - the
increasing demand for multicultural sensitivity,
inclusion and diversity in the recent years has also
given rise to resistance from groups who believe that
their identity is being "watered-down" by needed
compromises.
 The Persistence of the Problem
On the surface, multicultural literacy might seem to
just "good common sense" and understandably so, no
one actively experience discrimination regarding what
they know and what they cannot do simply on the
basis of race, ethnicity, or in the case of region of
origin.
Boutte (2008) suggests that issues of discrimination in
al it's from (racial, religious, tribal, cultural etc.) are
really issues of hatred, which defined an educational
setting as "the lack of compassion and respect for the
rights of others "and that hatred must be fought and
its roots because as long as hatred exist in the human
mind, real peace will be impossible (Vreeland,2001)