Micro Bio
Micro Bio
Micro Bio
BSN II-A
5 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
Electron Microscope
An electron microscope is defined as the type
of microscope in which the source of
illumination is the beam of accelerated
electrons. It is a special type of microscope
with a high resolution of images as the images
can be magnified in nanometers.
Stereo Microscope
A stereo microscope is defined as a type of
microscope that provides a three-
dimensional view of a specimen. It is also
known as a dissecting microscope. In a
stereo microscope, there are separate
objective lenses and eyepiece such that
there are two separate optical paths for each
eye.
References:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=different+types+of+microscope&ie=UTF-
8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-ph&client=safari
https://byjus.com/physics/types-of-microscope/
https://www.microscopeworld.com/t-parts.aspx
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A MICROSCOPE
Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that you look through, usually 10x or 15x power.
Tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base.
Base: The bottom of the microscope, used for support.
Illuminator: A steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror. If your
microscope has a mirror, it is used to reflect light from an external light source up
through the bottom of the stage.
Stage with Stage Clips: The flat platform where you place your slides. Stage clips hold
the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move
the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up
and down.
Revolving Nosepiece or Turret: This is the part of the microscope that holds two or
more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.
Objective Lenses: Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. They
almost always consist of 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x powers. When coupled with a 10x (most
common) eyepiece lens, total magnification is 40x (4x times 10x), 100x , 400x and
1000x. To have good resolution at 1000x, you will need a relatively sophisticated
microscope with an Abbe condenser. An Abbe condenser is composed of two lenses
that control the light that passes through the specimen before entering the objective
lens on the microscope. The shortest lens is the lowest power, the longest one is the
lens with the greatest power. Lenses are color coded and if built to DIN standards are
interchangeable between microscopes. "DIN" is an abbreviation of "Deutsche Industrial
Normen". This is a German standard that has been adopted internationally as an optical
standard used in most quality microscopes. A typical DIN standard microscope
objective lens has a 0.7965" (20.1mm) diameter threads, 36 TPI (threads per inch), and
a 55º Whitworth. Many high power objective lenses are retractable (i.e. 40XR). This
means that if they hit a slide, the end of the lens will push in (spring loaded) thereby
protecting the lens and the slide. All good quality microscopes have achromatic,
parcentered, parfocal lenses.
Rack Stop: This is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get
to the slide. It is set at the factory and keeps students from cranking the high power
objective lens down into the slide and breaking things. You would only need to adjust
this if you were using very thin slides and you weren't able to focus on the specimen at
high power. (Tip: If you are using thin slides and can't focus, rather than adjust the rack
stop, place a clear glass slide under the original slide to raise it a bit higher).
Condenser Lens: The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the
specimen. Condenser lenses are most useful at the highest powers (400x and above).
Microscopes with in-stage condenser lenses render a sharper image than those with no
lens (at 400x). If your microscope has a maximum power of 400x, you will get the
maximum benefit by using condenser lenses rated at 0.65 NA or greater. 0.65 NA
condenser lenses may be mounted in the stage and work quite well. A big advantage to
a stage mounted lens is that there is one less focusing item to deal with. If you go to
1000x then you should have a condenser lens with an N.A. of 1.25 or greater. All of our
1000x microscopes use 1.25 Abbe condenser lens systems. The Abbe condenser lens
can be moved up and down. It is set very close to the slide at 1000x and moved further
away at the lower powers.
Diaphragm or Iris: Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This
diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the
cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. There is no set rule regarding which
setting to use for a particular power. Rather, the setting is a function of the transparency
of the specimen, the degree of contrast you desire and the particular objective lens in
use.