Marvin Critique 3

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

op@usm.edu.ph www.usm.edu.ph (064) 572-2138
A CRITIQUE PAPER in RD 725 (Comparative Community Development),

prepared and submitted by MARVIN C. REYES
under the professorship of DR. JEANNIE U. DUKA
USM Graduate School, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato.
First Semester, 2022-2023.
INTRODUCTION
This article “The role of urban regeneration to improve community development in

a metropolitan municipality”, published by the authors C. Kayembe and D. Nel-Sanders
last December 2022 seeks to establish whether urban regeneration can be used as a
mechanism to promote community development. This article's goal was to examine how
urban regeneration might enhance community development in a major metropolitan area.
This is significant in view of the challenging socioeconomic environment that has emerged
as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Communities are
impacted by the pandemic in a number of different ways. One of the many methods the
government uses to support community development is urban regeneration.
The City of Johannesburg, the City of Cape Town, and the eThekwini municipality
are the main metropolitan municipalities discussed in the article.
SUMMARY
As presented, urban regeneration is a subject of great importance in South Africa

for a number of reasons. The housing shortage in South Africa is severe. There is a
shortage of 2.1 million homes that could house 12.5 million people, according to BBC
News (2019: Internet Source). In addition, urban regions are home to the majority of South
Africa's population. According to Lehohla (2006:19), South Africa's urban population was
26% in 2001. By 2019, this percentage rose to 66.8%, according to the World Bank Group
(2021: Internet Source). Numerous social issues also become more prevalent when urban
migration rises.
Numerous study articles on urban regeneration in South Africa have been

published, but many of them fail to demonstrate how this idea is related to community
development. The conventional services provided by several government agencies—
such as water and electricity, safety and security—remain their main priorities. But these
services are part of the community development mechanism. The literature lacks
concrete examples of how urban regeneration aids in the growth of communities.
Community development places a strong emphasis on social, cultural, economic,

political, and environmental issues in addition to the physical development (Phillips &
Pittman 2014:3). In light of this, the authors discuss and present urban regeneration
using the PESTEL method (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and
legal) as an analytical framework to pinpoint the factors affecting the implementation of
urban regeneration programs as instruments to foster community development in South
African metropolitan municipalities.
In this study, a qualitative research approach is ideal since it is necessary to

explain the “what”, "how", and "why" of urban regeneration's involvement in community
development. An empirical method for learning about and comprehending how social
realities develop and function, as well as the effects of these realities on people,
communities, organizations, and others, is qualitative research. Additionally, it gathers
data systematically and employs a variety of data collection techniques, including primary
and secondary data. Data collected and assembled by others and made public are known
as secondary data, whereas primary data are raw since they have not been evaluated
and interpreted by the researcher.
The key findings were presented by the researchers using the secondary data.
The secondary data sources are as follows: pertinent books, journal articles, unpublished
research papers and theses, published dissertations and theses, official and unofficial
documents and reports, political speeches, statistics from official documents, pertinent
legislation, and electronic data on the Internet.
The study discovered the following factors impacting urban regeneration programs
within municipalities using the PESTEL analytical framework. These include political
squabbling within the government, a lack of economic development, high rates of poverty
and crime, the necessity to enter the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), environmental
protection and land conservation, as well as the nation's constitution. These factors were
also discovered using the document and content analysis. The researchers also
examined a variety of publications, including books, government reports, and academic
journals in order to pinpoint the previously indicated factors.
According to the findings, distinct legal and regulatory frameworks, such as the
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, are what propel both community growth and
urban regeneration. It also shows that the government has a development policy in place
that supports neighborhood revitalization and urban renewal. And all present government
programs and projects, at all levels, are primarily driven by such policy.
Moreover, this research proved that the three chosen metropolitan municipalities
had identified key areas for ongoing development. The study also determined that the
local government's only responsibility is community development and urban renewal.
CRITIQUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, SUGGESTIONS
Urban regeneration can significantly contribute to the improvement of community

development in a metropolitan municipality through the revitalization of deteriorating or
underutilized regions, the promotion of economic growth, and the expansion of housing
and service options. However, the process might run into a number of significant
problems, such as the following: (1) Existing inhabitants' displacement, (2) Lack of
community involvement, (3) Inadequately affordable housing, (4) Gentrification, and (5)
Inadequate community services and facilities.
The following are some of my thoughts and recommendations to address urban

regeneration problems and improve community development: (1) Involve local people and
community groups in the formulation of plans and selection of project options for urban
regeneration. By doing so, it will be possible to make sure that the project is sensitive to
the local context and that their needs and goals are properly considered, (2) Programs
for urban renewal must include affordable housing for low-income populations, (3)
Implement mitigation strategies, such as inclusionary zoning and relocation aid, to prevent
the eviction of current residents, (4) In order to meet the demands of expanding
population, make sure that urban regeneration initiatives are supported by the community
services and amenities, such as schools, hospitals, and public areas, (5) To provide local
inhabitants with employment and income opportunities, encourage and assist small
businesses, community-based groups, and social enterprises to participate in urban
regeneration projects, (6) Putting in place a monitoring and evaluation system to keep
tabs on the development of urban regeneration initiatives and their effects on the
community, as well as to make modifications and improvements as needed, and (7)
Prioritize the preservation of historical and cultural landmarks and the promotion of
community-based art and cultural activities in order to conserve and promote cultural and
social diversity.
As mentioned also in the article, legislative and regulatory frameworks can be very
helpful to solve critical challenges related to urban regeneration in a metropolitan
municipality. Hence, the hereinabove recommendations and suggestions can all be
integrated and supported by these frameworks, which can also serve as a structure
leading to promote community development in an inclusive and sustainable way.
Submitted by: Submitted to:
MARVIN C. REYES JEANNIE U. DUKA, Ph.D.

Student Professor

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Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

A CRITIQUE PAPER in RD 725 (Comparative Community Development),

This article “The role of urban regeneration to improve community development in

As presented, urban regeneration is a subject of great importance in South Africa

Numerous study articles on urban regeneration in South Africa have been

Community development places a strong emphasis on social, cultural, economic,

In this study, a qualitative research approach is ideal since it is necessary to

CRITIQUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, SUGGESTIONS

Urban regeneration can significantly contribute to the improvement of community

The following are some of my thoughts and recommendations to address urban

Submitted by: Submitted to:

MARVIN C. REYES JEANNIE U. DUKA, Ph.D.

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