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Expt 2 Transfer Function 1

1. This document describes an experiment using MATLAB to analyze a mechanical rotational system and determine its transfer function, poles, zeros, and response. 2. The objectives are to: determine the transfer function using computations; derive the output signal equation; plot and analyze the system response; and find the pole, zero locations and dc gain. 3. Key steps include: using symbolic expressions to define the transfer function; taking the Laplace transform of the input and output signals; plotting the time domain response; and using functions like pole(), zero(), and tf2zp() to analyze properties of the transfer function.

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JHUSTINE CAÑETE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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69 views

Expt 2 Transfer Function 1

1. This document describes an experiment using MATLAB to analyze a mechanical rotational system and determine its transfer function, poles, zeros, and response. 2. The objectives are to: determine the transfer function using computations; derive the output signal equation; plot and analyze the system response; and find the pole, zero locations and dc gain. 3. Key steps include: using symbolic expressions to define the transfer function; taking the Laplace transform of the input and output signals; plotting the time domain response; and using functions like pole(), zero(), and tf2zp() to analyze properties of the transfer function.

Uploaded by

JHUSTINE CAÑETE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

2
TRANSFER FUNCTION

I. INTRODUCTION

1. In MatLab polynomials can be manipulated using symbolic expressions. The constructor is


“syms”
Example: To declare a polynomial Y = s2 + 4s + 3 (variable is “s”)
>> syms s
>> Y = s^2 + 4*s + 3

The first derivative of Y is:


>> diff(Y)

Command:

Output:

2. System transfer function can be created using the tf() function. First, create the numerator
and denominator polynomials expressing them as row vectors.

Example: s+1
H = -------------------------- can be created as follows:
s3 + 2s2 + 3s + 2

>>numerator = [1 1] → s+1
>>denominator = [1 2 3 2] → s3 + 2s3 + 3s + 2

3. Zeros are values of ‘s’ that would make the system transfer function zero. Or the roots of the
numerator of the transfer function that are not common with the poles.

4. Poles are values of ‘s’ that would make the system transfer function infinite. Or the roots of
the denominator of the transfer function that are not common with the zeros.
5. System response of the system can be view using the plot() function.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. Determine the transfer function of the rational system


2. Use MatLab to derive the output signal equation in differential equation
3. Ploy and analyze system response
4. Determine the pole, zero locations and dc gain of the mechanical system
III. MATERIAS/EQUIPMENT

Matlab Software
Personal Computer

Objective A and B. Determine the transfer function by computation given the mechanical rotational
system:

T(t) = m(d2θ/dt) + c(dθ/dt) + kθ


T(s) = s2 θ(s) + 2s θ(s) + 2 θ(s)
T(s) = θ(s) (s2 + 2s + 2)
Θ(s)/T(s) = 1/(s2 + 2s + 2)

Command:

Transfer function: θ(s)/τ(s) =

Concept
Objective C.
1. Run MatLab Software.
2. Using symbolic expression constructor “syms” construct “s” as a symbolic expression >>syms s
3. Write the transfer function, save the result to variable TF

>>TF = 0.5 / (s^2 + 2*s + 2)

output:

4. Use function pretty() to display a more understandable equation >>pretty(TF)

output: TF =

5. If the input torque is 25 u(t) what is τ(s) ?

Time
25u(t) unit step = 10 1
s
Frequency

6. Store the value of input torque to MatLab variable TORQUE

7. The output of the system is TF x Input. Store the output signal equation to
OUTPUT
>>OUTPUT = TF * TORQUE

output:

8. The inverse laplace of an equation can be solve using ilaplace() function. Store the inverse laplace of
OUTPUT OUTPUT_TIME variable

>>OUTPUT_TIME = ilaplace(OUTPUT)
output:

9. To plot the equation in time is to substitute values of “t”. Create a series of time values from 0 to 15
seconds incremented by 0.1 using row vector declaration.

>>t = [0 : 0.1 : 20]

10. Substitute the values of “t” to OUTPUT_TIME equation using subs() function. This will create 150
values or points. Store the answer to variable RESULT

>>RESULT = subs(OUTPUT_TIME, t)

Tip: So as not to display the 150 values add a semicolon (;) at the end of the statement.

11. Plot the values of OUTPUT_TIME using plot(x,y) function.

>>plot(t, RESULT)

Draw the response curve:

What is the maximum amplitude? 6.51861 units

What is the approximate transient time? 3.1 seconds

What is the steady state value/amplitude? 6.25 units


Objective D. Determine poles, zeros and dc gain

1. Declare the numerator and denominator as a row vector:

>>numerator = [1 2]
>>denominator = [1 2 2 3]

2. Create the transfer function using tf()


>>SYS = tf(numerator, denominator)

3. Solve for the pole location of the transfer function


>>pole(SYS)

ans:

4. Solve for the zero location of the transfer function


>>zero(SYS)

ans:

5. Using tf2zp() function pole, zero and dc gain can also be found.
>> [z,p,g] = tf2zp( numerator, denominator )

ans:

V. CONCLUSION

In retrospect, the transfer function model in MATLAB uses tf to create real-valued or complex-
valued transfer function models, or to convert dynamic system models to transfer function form.
Transfer functions are a frequency-domain representation of linear time-invariant systems just like how
it was portrayed in this experiment via the objectives instructed. By specifying the coefficients directly,
or by converting a model of another type to transfer function form, a transfer function model object is
created. “tf” is also used to create generalized state-space models or uncertain state-space models.

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