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16 COMPARISON OF ALKALI METALS AND HALOGENS

Halogens 1Group 171
Alkali metals (Group I
CIBr I At
knts

te
state
the gasetis

Non metals
(colonireed),
datemic i
Physical s t a t e Shi white solad etals g15)
1hey an shunv when freshly cut but soon n e (very
reactve pri s i s yelw
preen g4%}
come dull as they vat wth ai hlorine (poisonous yellow
red hrown volat1le liqucd)
Bromine (poisonos
Sott. and can be cut with a kinde solud)
lodine (dark grey
crystalline
Lithium is the handes therelre
clectrons cach and
valence
Possess ne valence electron and therelore Possess seven
Valence show similar properties
show summiar projpeities. sngle charge
eectrons a

They form positive ion carrying a single charge They torn negative ion carrying
Na c.g. C
Non-conductors of electricity.
Conduction and ood conductors of electricity. non-metals.
electronegative
Highly reactive,
Nature Highly reactive, elecropositive metals. decreases from
Non-metallic character
Metallie character increases from
fluorine (F) to iodine ().
lithium (Li) to francium (Fr).
Increases down the group.
Meting point and Decreases down the group.

boiling point in their perOd.

smallest atomic size
nave the largest atomic size in their period. | They have the
Atomic size ney down the group.
The atomic size further increases down the group. Atomic size increases
noble gases) in
1.E. (lower than
They have lowest 1.E. in their period. They have high
lonisation energy
It decreases down the group.
their period.
They too decrease
E.A. values.
have low E.A. values which further They have high E.A. than F).
Electron affinity They (exception: CI has
more
down the group
decrease down the group.

have the lowest E.N. in their period. They have high E.N. highest in their period.
Electronegativity They E.N. decreases down the group.
E.N. decreases down the groupP.
decreases
They are reactive non-metals. The reactivity
Reactivity They are reactive metals. Reactivity
further increases down the group. down the group.

with water and acids Generally they do not react with dil. acids and wateer.
Reaction with They react vigorously
water and acids liberating hydrogen.
Reactivity further increases down the group.

Reducing/ Strong reducing agents as they lose Strong oxidising agents as they accept electronsto
oxidising agents electrons to complete heir octet. complete their octet.
Compound Form electrovalent compounds Form electrovalent compounds with metals.
formation with non-metals. Example: NaCI, KBr. e.g., KCI, CaCl.
Form covalent
compounds with hydrogen and
other non-metals,
e.g., HBr, HCI, HI,CCI4