Preposições: With, Over e By. Como usar?/How to use?

With:

Used to indicate being together or being involved:

 I asked for a sandwich with fries.

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 He was with his friend when he saw me.
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 The manager will be with you shortly.
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Used to indicate "having":

 I met a guy with green eyes.

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 Were you the one talking with an accent?
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 People with a lot of money are not always happy.
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Used to indicate "using":

 I wrote a letter with the pen you gave me.

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 This is the soup that I made with rice.
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 He cut my hair with his gold scissors.
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Used to indicate feeling:

 I am emailing you with my sincere apology.

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 He came to the front stage with confidence.
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Used to indicate agreement or understanding:

 Are you with me?

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 Yes, I am completely with you.
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 She agrees with me.
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Over
Used to indicate movement from one place to another:

 Come over to my house for a tea.

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 Could you roll it over?
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 They sent over a gift for his promotion.
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Used to indicate movement downward:

 The big tree fell over on the road.

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 Can you bend over and get the dish for me?
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 He pushed it over the edge.
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Used to indicate more than an expected number or amount:

 This amount is over our prediction.

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 Kids twelve and over can watch this movie.
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 The phone rang for over a minute.
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Used to indicate a period of time:

 I worked there over a year.

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 She did not sleep there over this past month.
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By

Used to indicate proximity:

 Can I sit by you?

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  He was standing by me.
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 Stand by me.
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 The post office is by the bank.
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Used to indicate the person that does something in a passive voice sentence:

 The microwave was fixed by the mechanic.

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 The flowers were delivered by a postman.
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 The branch office was closed by the head office.
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Used to indicate an action with a particular purpose:

 You can pass the exam by preparing for it.

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 I expressed my feeling toward her by writing a letter.
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 She finally broke the record by pure effort.
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Used to indicate a mean or method:

 Please send this package to Brazil by mail.

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 I came here by subway.
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[Quiz 24.1]

Choose the correct preposition in each sentence.

1)If she left at 4 p.m., she should be here                      (with, over, by) now.
2)Go                      (with, over, by) there and catch my ball. 
3)                     (With, Over, By) your determination, you will be able to achieve your
dream. 
4)I just found it! It was                      (with, over, by) the radio on my desk. 
5)I knocked him                      (with, over, by) accidentally. 
6)She was                      (with, over, by) me when the accident occurred. 
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When: Just: Expect(ed):

Fly/Flew: Away: Reach:

Run/Ran: Sleep: Dream(ed):

Every: Bullets: Catch:

Teeth: “Goes on” Get:

Heavy: Wheel: Break(s):

Butterfly: Tear: Waterfall:

Storm(y): Lying: Underneath:

Sunset: Sunrise: Set:

Rise:

Paradise- Coldplay

When she was just a girl

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She expected the world
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But it flew away from her reach so
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She ran away in her sleep
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And dreamed of
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Para-para-paradise, para-para-paradise, para-para-paradise
Every time she closed her eyes
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When she was just a girl

She expected the world
But it flew away from her reach
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And the bullets catch in her teeth
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Life goes on, it gets so heavy
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The wheel breaks the butterfly
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Every tear a waterfall
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In the night the stormy night she'll close her eyes
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In the night the stormy night away she'd fly
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And dreams of a para-para-paradise

And so lying underneath those stormy skies
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She'd say, "oh, ohohohoh I know the sun must set to rise"
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This could be
Para-para-paradise
 ____________________________________________________________________________

The “The”:

The definite article the is the most frequent word in English.

We use the definite article in front of a noun when we believe the hearer/reader

knows exactly what we are referring to.

• because there is only one:

The Pope is visiting Russia.

The moon is very bright tonight.
The Big Ben is very impressive!

This is why we use the definite article with a superlative adjective:

He is the tallest boy in the class.

It is the oldest building in the town.

• because there is only one in that place or in those surroundings.

We live in a small village next to the church.  =  (the church in our village)

(the car that belongs to our

Dad, can I borrow the car? =
family)

When we stayed at my grandmother’s house we went  (the beach near my

 =
to the beach every day. grandmother’s house)

Look at the boy in the blue shirt over there.  = (the boy I am pointing at)

• because we have already mentioned it:

A woman fell 10 meters from a building.. The woman fell while climbing.

We also use the definite article:

• to say something about all the things referred to by a noun:

The wolf is not really a dangerous animal (= Wolves are not really dangerous
animals);
 The kangaroo is found only in Australia (= Kangaroos are found only in
Australia)

The heart pumps blood around the body. (= Hearts pump blood around bodies)

We use the definite article in this way to talk about musical instruments:

Joe plays the piano really well.(= Joe can play any piano)
She is learning the guitar.(= She is learning to play any guitar)

• to refer to a system or service:

How long does it take on the train?

I heard it on the radio.
You should tell the police.

• With adjectives like rich, poor, elderly, unemployed to talk about groups of people:

Life can be very hard for the poor.

I think the rich should pay more taxes.
She works for a group to help the disabled.

We do not normally use the definite article with names:

William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Paris is the capital of France.
Iran is in Asia.

But we do use the definite article with:

• countries whose names include words like kingdom, states or republic:

the United Kingdom; the Kingdom of Nepal; the United States; the People’s
Republic of China.

• countries which have plural nouns as their names:

the Netherlands; the Philippines

• geographical features, such as mountain ranges, groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans
and canals:

the Himalayas; the Canaries; the Atlantic; the Atlantic Ocean; the Amazon; the
Panama Canal.

• newspapers:

The Times; The Washington Post

• well known buildings or works of art:

the Empire State Building; the Taj Mahal; the Mona Lisa; the Sunflowers

• organizations:

the United Nations; the Seamen’s Union

• hotels, pubs and restaurants*:

the Ritz; the Ritz Hotel; the King’s Head; the Déjà Vu

*Note: We do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is
the name of the owner, e.g.,Brown’s; Brown’s Hotel; Morel’s; Morel’s
Restaurant, etc.

• families:

the Obamas; the Jacksons

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Text: - The Bald Eagle

Vocabulary:

Bald: Eagle: Majestic: Brown: Wings:

Hooked: Bill: Almost: Near: Dead:

Steal: Ospreys: Gulls:

The Bald Eagle is a majestic bird. The adult bird has a brown body, brown wings, white head,
and large, hooked yellow bill. Younger birds appear all brown.

Bald Eagles almost always live near water because their main food source is fish. Sometimes,
however, Bald Eagles will eat dead animals. They will even steal food from other birds such as
ospreys and gulls! It was for this reason that the famous Patriot Benjamin Franklin preferred
the Wild Turkey as America's National symbol. Nevertheless, the Bald Eagle remains America's
symbol.

1. Why do Bald Eagles usually live near water?

  ( )   It protects the nest from predators.
( )   Because they steal food.
( )   Bald Eagles eat fish.
( )   Bald Eagles like to swim.

2. How are younger Bald Eagles different from adult Bald Eagles?
  ( )   They have lighter bodies.
( )   They are smaller.
( )   They have black bills.
  ( )   They are totally brown.

3. What color is the Bald Eagle's bill?

  ( )   brown
( )   black
( )   yellow
  ( )   white

4. Benjamin Franklin thought...

  ( )   the Wild Turkey was a better choice as America's symbol than the Bald Eagle.
( )   the Bald Eagle was a fine choice as America's symbol.
( )   the Bald Eagle was a better choice as America's symbol than the Wild Turkey.
( )   neither the Wild Turkey or Bald Eagle were good choices as America's symbol.