World War II was a global war lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations that were split into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Over 70 million people died, making it the deadliest conflict in history. Key events included Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany and Italy's conquest of much of Europe, Japan's attacks against Western territories which brought the US into the war, major turning points such as the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the defeat of Axis forces at Stalingrad, and the Allied invasions of German-occupied Western Europe and islands in the Pacific in 1944-1945 which ultimately led to the defeat of Germany and Japan.
World War II was a global war lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations that were split into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Over 70 million people died, making it the deadliest conflict in history. Key events included Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany and Italy's conquest of much of Europe, Japan's attacks against Western territories which brought the US into the war, major turning points such as the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the defeat of Axis forces at Stalingrad, and the Allied invasions of German-occupied Western Europe and islands in the Pacific in 1944-1945 which ultimately led to the defeat of Germany and Japan.
World War II was a global war lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations that were split into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Over 70 million people died, making it the deadliest conflict in history. Key events included Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany and Italy's conquest of much of Europe, Japan's attacks against Western territories which brought the US into the war, major turning points such as the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the defeat of Axis forces at Stalingrad, and the Allied invasions of German-occupied Western Europe and islands in the Pacific in 1944-1945 which ultimately led to the defeat of Germany and Japan.
World War II was a global war lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations that were split into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Over 70 million people died, making it the deadliest conflict in history. Key events included Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany and Italy's conquest of much of Europe, Japan's attacks against Western territories which brought the US into the war, major turning points such as the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the defeat of Axis forces at Stalingrad, and the Allied invasions of German-occupied Western Europe and islands in the Pacific in 1944-1945 which ultimately led to the defeat of Germany and Japan.
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World War
II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global
conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo- Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of influence" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan (with other countries later). Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history. Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near- simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands.