Network Design and Implementation of Dynamic

Routing Protocols Using Packet Tracer

K. Narasimha P. Bramarambika V. Sai Santosh
Department of ECE Department of ECE Department of ECE
Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Sreyas Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Hyderbad, India Technology, Hyderbad, India Technology, Hyderbad, India
narasimha.k@sreyas.ac.in ambikapuligilla@gmail.com saisantosh0709@gmail.com

M. Vamshidhar Reddy Sandeep Kumar

Department of ECE Department of ECE
Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Sreyas Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Hyderbad, India Technology, Hyderbad, India
reddyvamshidhar9@gmail.com drsandeep@sreyas.ac.in

Routing Protocols, this type of routing is known as Dynamic

Abstract— Networking Protocols tells the simplest paths to Routing.
send data from source to destination, also gives details on how
routers send information between one another so that to Routing Protocol Communication relays on the rules of
complete its goal. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) and Interior Protocols [5-6]. Dynamic routing can be thoroughly classified
Gateway Routing (IGR) are two classes of routing Protocols. into three types, which are Distance Vector, Link state, and
Dynamic or static are two types of Routing Protocols, and then Hybrid. Here we Discuss three very different Dynamic routing
the Dynamic Routing is classified into two types as distance- Protocols, which are Significant in their way they are RIP,
vector routing or link-state routing. Here, we will specialize in OSPF, and EIGRP is Examined and also try to Compare and
some of the best routing Protocols like Routing Information Contrast with Static Routing [7-9]. Dynamic routing Protocols
Protocol (RIP), Open shortest path first (OSPF), Enhanced are not new in the Research area. In this Research, we are
Interior Gateway routing protocol (EIGRP) and Static routing. trying to Show the latest and updated versions of Dynamic
RIP, OSPF, EIGRP are dynamic IGP’s and other is Static Protocol [10-12].
Routing, Which is that in one Autonomous System the packets
are transferred using these Routing Protocols. Distance vector II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Algorithm is used by Routing Information Protocol, Advanced Alex Hinds et al. proposed A Review of Routing Protocols
version of Distance Vector is applied in Enhanced Interior
for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. In this paper, we have found
Gateway Protocol, It is Invented by the Cisco company, link-state
Algorithm is used by Open shortest path First Protocol. This
and researched a lot of literature on this specified topic of
paper talks about the Specified and Detailed Information about MANET routing protocols. We reviewed the literature
the Protocols. We get to Learn the Attributes of different regarding the safeguard of the AODV protocol and proposed
protocols. Using Packet Tracer, we'll obtain simulation Results changes with the goal of the label the safety problems.
for the required routing protocols by sending PDU’s. S.Selvakanmani and M. Sumathi proposed routing protocols
for mobile cognitive radio unplanned networks. Here,
Keywords—OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, Static Routing, Packet Tracer. Cognitive radio random network Principles are available, then
its categorization. Although most of them are wireless
I. INTRODUCTION networks in Mobile Cognitive Radio random network
These days communication through network routing has Protocols, Cognitive radio random networks need a new
got its significance in the industry of communication or metric every single time to locate them. Rutvij H. Jhaveri1 et
exchange of data[1]. The most efficient paths in any network al. proposed MANET Routing Protocols and Wormhole
can be determined using Routing and the packets are Attack against AODV. In this Paper, MANETs want a
communicated by the devices called Routers, switches, and reliable, scalable, and specifically, high-security protocol as
Host. Different types of Protocols are design for Dedicated they are not at all secured, automatic, fast deployment, and
Devices to Transfer the routing tables, and Routing hence they utilize dynamic routing. A reliable method to point
Information, in the middle of devices [2-3]. There are two and also finding the wormhole attack is applied there.
methods to transmit the packets, either by static routing or Sometimes some ideas and solutions will not work well within
dynamic routing, According to the requirement of the the presence of a bitter link, while some need specific
Designer [4]. When the designer has to give the input himself hardware and some solutions and ideas are costly. hence, there
without the help of any protocol it is Static Routing, coming to are still hundreds of research on this topic to give a more
another one here almost everything happens automatically secure MANET. Mustafa Abdulkadhim proposed Routing
with the help RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF which are known as Protocols Convergence and Protocols connected
TrafficSimulation with Its effect on the Network. In this

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 Paper, the Rectifying period of Open shortest path is very rapid and is also the best Attribute for any network.
quick compared to Routing Information Protocol which is x OSPF protocol is used for such requirements.
because of the interior features of it, and the recovery
characteristic of OSPF is too good compared to RIP which x The Network Topology is huge.
tells that OSPF is a best among others which will take an 2) Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP): It can be
action if any failure occurs most rapidly. When the simulation simplified and understood as inter routing that is used
is done, the traffic occurred due to the protocols and after the when having to Route the information within non-
simulation of EIGRP, we can see that EIGRP has the least dependent systems.
effect than the OSPF and above all Routing Information
A. Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
provides the best performance on traffic effect on the network.
This analysis can help as guidelines for users and designers to RIP comes under the category of the intra area routing
examine them make an efficient decision, as the requirement protocols. RIP Utilizes the distance vector routing protocols
depends on deciding the better protocol for their topology. that are used in extremely small networks and are a simple
Ayoub Bahnasse et al. proposed Study and Analysis of a protocol.
Dynamic Routing Protocols’ Scalability over a Dynamic RIP Attributes:
Multi-point Virtual Private Network. This paper gives the x The Algorithm used is a Distance Vector.
details about the suggestions of Dynamic Multipoint Virtual
x The metric depends on the count of hops.
Private Network, EIGRP has reasonable programming, and
scalable DMVPN network has both OSPF and BGP Protocols x The maximum Hop count in RIP is 15.
and DMVPN network utilizing the other protocols Features x Every 30 seconds the routing table will be updated.
are being calculated. By differentiating Protocols it tells that
EIGRP protocol is suitable for starting delay of convergence, x It also gives the traffic in topology with updates.
efficiency, and traffic, Border gateway tells that it is According to the Requirement of the Network Designer, we
effectively collated with Open shortest path, DMVPN network can use any of the versions of RIP, Especially RIPv1 and
is not advised further as the outcomes are being shown. RIPv2.

III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Here,whenever a packet is being transferred from source to
Goal host there are lots of tons of passes from the number of
routers until they reach the Assigned destination router. The
word Autonomous system (AS) has a Block of routers and
switches within a standard place of Configuration of a
Protocol. Here we have two different sorts of routing
protocols:
1) Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP): It can be
simplified and understood as intra routing as it can route only
inside an Autonomous system. Some of the protocol examples
are RIP, EIGRP, OSPF.The categorization of Interior Gateway
Protocols (IGP):
a) Distance Vector Routing protocols:
It depends on the algorithm called hop count.Attributes of
Distance Vector Routing Protocols:
x Gathers history of the routing table of its alternative
routers.
x Updating the mechanism of neighbor topology
follows a periodic Algorithm to update tables.
x Convergence performance is not so satisfying. Fig. 1.RIP Architecture Diagram
The protocols which use the distance vector B. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
mechanism are RIP, EIGRP. (EIGRP)
b) Link State Routing Protocols: It absorbs traits of both distance vector, and link-state
It creates a topology structure and chooses the number one protocols as it is a combination of both it is called hybrid
path to any required destination Router within the network. It protocol. It is a Cisco designed network protocol, Diffusing
will not follow the periodic update Algorithm, This Protocol is update algorithm is utilized. It collects the updates and
suitable when a network is vulnerable to change its Topology. information records about the routes from many neighboring
Link-state Protocols gives its best performance in the below- routers. Delay and bandwidth are used in order of the metrics
mentioned conditions: to get the efficient route from the start to finish router. It also
x Topology performance in convergence is extremely provides Reliability and bandwidth.

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 EIGRP Attributes: The OSPF routing makes use of link-state routing
x Superior distance-vector algorithm. characteristics to build a table that is connected to the entire
topology Network.
x Utilizes Reliability bandwidth, delay, and load as OSPF characteristics:
metrics.
x It mostly shows the non-loop routes.
x Allows hop count till 255.
x The routing table is updated automatically according
x Scalable. to the network inside.
x Fast convergence. x It uses Less Bandwidth.
D. Static Routing
They are quite simple they don't need an equivalent
quantity of loading and complexity as dynamic routing
protocols. Static routing has some benefits over dynamic
routing, including:
x Static routes aren't displayed on the network, which
gives great security.
x Static routes take less bandwidth compared to
dynamic routing protocols.
Static routing has certain disadvantages:
x Manually configuring and maintenance of Routing
Table is Difficult and also not time efficient.
x Configuring Routers will not be Possible in Huge
Networks due to its high traffic.
x Network Administrator has complete charge over
Altering the information of the routers.
x The result is not as expected or will not work well if
any topological changes take place in the networks;
Fig. 2. EIGRP Architecture Diagram maintenance becomes cumbersome.
C. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) x Needs Total Information about the complete network
It is also one of the link-state routing protocols which fall for proper implementation.
under the interior routing protocols. OSPF identifies node
Failure and tries to converge or recover within the topology in
some fraction of seconds. It follows Dijkstra's bunch of
Principles, as the name of the Protocol itself tells it all that
shortest path first method to analyses the shortest and Efficient
path in all ways.

Fig. 3. OSPF Architecture Diagram Fig.4. Static Routing Architecture Diagram.

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 IV. RESULTS The below diagram shows the network configured using the
The below Architecture Diagram represents the OSPF protocol.When we send simple PDU’s to the network
Implementation of the Dynamic Routing Protocol. We are the simulation Result for the configuration of OSPF protocol
using Four different Protocols in Four different Clusters in this is successful. Successful result is shown in below Diagram.
Project they are RIP, OSPF, Static, EIGRP. When we tap on
each cluster the internal network is displayed which is
configured using different protocols. This will be seen next.

Fig. 5. Architecture Diagram Of Implementation of Dynamic Routing

Protocols.

A. Routing Information Protocol Fig.7. Result of OSPF Network.

C. Static Routing
The below diagram shows the network configured using
Routing information protocol.When we send simple PDU’s to The below diagram shows the network configured using
the network the simulation Result for the configuration of RIP the Static Routing protocol. When we send simple PDU’s to
protocol is successful. Successful result is shown in below the network the simulation Result for the configuration of RIP
Diagram. protocol is successful. Successful result is shown in below
Diagram.

Fig.6. Result of RIP Network

Fig.8. Result of Static Routing Network.
B. Open Shortest Path First

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 D. Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The below diagram shows the network configured using We are very thankful for the cisco center of excellence -
the EIGRP protocol.When we send simple PDU’s to the Cisco Networking Academy in the Sreyas Institute of
network the simulation Result for the configuration of the Engineering & Technology for fruitfully helping this paper.
EIGRP protocol is successful. Successful result is shown in
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