Lecture 02 - System Studies

Pramod Parajuli
Simulation and Modeling, CS-331
Chapter 2
System Studies
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(C) Pramod Parajuli, 2004
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Source: www.csitnepal.com
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Sub Systems
-System consists of interacting subsystems

-Each subsystem has its own inputs and outputs
-Similarly, a model can also be broken into sub-
models
-Sometimes, the terms subsystem, sub-model, and
blocks are interchangeable
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A Corporate Model
- Model that exhibits the property of a corporation

- 3 essentials
- Environment: the corporation exists within the
environment
- Management: responsible for all of the planning, risk
analysis, scheduling, marketing etc.
- Plant: the real implementation of the plan and design
Environment
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Plant Management
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Environment
market model
Population Price
Competition Market Demand
National
Supply
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Economy
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Production
Supply
Distribution National Economy
Labor
Production
Machinery
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World Economy
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Management
Price
Profit
Demand Forecasting Pricing
National
economy
Labor
Investment
Financing
Machinary
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World
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economy
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Full Corporate Model
Combine
Population
Profit
Competition Market Forecasting Pricing
National
Distribution
Economy
Labor
Investment
Production Financing
Machinary
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World Economy
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Types of System Studies
- System analysis
- understand the system under study
- focus on system performance
- System design
- develop the logical objects that meet some specification
- calculate the performance and compare with the
prediction
- if not satisfied, then redesign and repeat again
- System postulation
- Characteristic of the way models are employed in other
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System Analysis
Considerations;
K Capital investment
L Labor
M Machinery
S Supply
Supply
Labor
Investment
Production Financing
Machinary
S = f .La1.M a 2
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Cobb-Douglas model. For simplicity consider; a1=a2=1
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System Analysis
As far as financial model is considered, it is modeled

as;
K = eL + M
Since the interdependency of K, L, M, and S has
been found, can we find an assignment of L and M
that maximizes supply for a given investment?
Let’s see the graph plot of the relationships.
Let’s consider that e = 0.75 and f = 0.1
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System Analysis – The optimal solution
K = 100
S = 200
S = 83.3
K = 50
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S = 50
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The optimal point is;

M = 50
L = 33.3
Depending on the samples taken, the optimal point
changes.
Here, only a part of the corporate model is optimized
and hence known as sub-optimization.
In general, when the system is giving the maximum
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performance, most of the sub-systems are at their
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peek performance.
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The example we saw is a static one.
If the market competition, economy influence etc

are to be considered, then the system will be
dynamic and required even more sophisticated
study
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System Design
Online computer system

- ‘M ’ number of messages are received in a second
- ‘m ’ number of characters in one message
- A buffer that can hold ‘b ’ number of characters at a
time
- Fraction ’k ’ of the messages are replied
- The replied messages have ‘r ’ number of characters on
the average
- Same buffer used for sending and receiving
- 2,000 instructions are required to process a message
- 10,000 instructions require to generate the reply
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- To read and reply the messages requires 1,000
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instructions each 14
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System Design
Online computer system

- 3 computer systems,
- 25,000 instruction per second
- 50,000 instruction per second
- 100,000 instructions per second
- Buffer size can be
- 1 character buffer
- Altogether, 12 different configurations
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- Which computer with which buffer size will be the best
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for the implementation given the price of the systems15
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System Design
SEND MESSAGE
m characters
Here, M per second
- M messages per second BUFFER
- kM messages replied per second b characters

1,000 instructions
- (M.m + k.M.r) characters pass thro

buffer PROCESS
2,000 instructions
- Since the buffer can hold ‘b’ chars,
M (m+k.r)/b incomings per second
N
REPLY END
Altogether, the total number of 100 k % Y
instructions required; REPLY

r characters
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1,000 M (m + kr )
10,000 instructions
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N = 2,000 M + 10,000 M .k +
b
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System Design
- If ‘s’ is the number of instructions per second that

the computer can execute then, the value of ‘s’ to
be able to process the given messages M, must be
N≤s
- Let’s consider that,
M=5 m = 15
k = 0.1 r = 50
- When simplified, N ≤ s becomes;
20 s
≤ −3
b 5,000
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- Plot b against 20/b
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System Design
- Plot
+ are impossible
* are possible
Analyze for;
Cost
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System Postulation
Blood filtration in human body

- Bloods from vessels come into the liver
- Liver filters the blood and re-circulates the refined blood
to vessels and extracts bile
- The amount of blood filtered and re-circulated can be
observed (medical studies) using thyroxine.
- Use of compartments (compartmental model) to
represent the components
K12
1 2 3
K23
* (Blood vessels) Liver Bile
x1 x2 x3
K21
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System Postulation
K12
1 2 3
K23
* (Blood vessels) Liver Bile
x1 x2 x3
K21
The overall function can be represented as;

dx1
dt
= − k12 .x1 + k 21.x2 x1 = C11.e − b1t + C12 .e − b2t
dx2 −b1t −b2t
dt
= k12 x1 − (k 21 + k 23 ).x2 x2 = C21.e + C22 .e
x3 = C31 + C32 .e −b1t + C33 .e −b2t
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dx3
a
= k 23 .x2
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dt
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System Postulation
If the real world readings and the output of the

models are plotted, then;
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Pramod Parajuli

Simulation and Modeling, CS-331

-System consists of interacting subsystems

- Model that exhibits the property of a corporation

Competition Market Demand

Distribution National Economy

As far as financial model is considered, it is modeled

Let’s see the graph plot of the relationships.

Let’s consider that e = 0.75 and f = 0.1

The optimal point is;

In general, when the system is giving the maximum

The example we saw is a static one.

If the market competition, economy influence etc

Online computer system

Online computer system

Here, M per second

- M messages per second BUFFER

- kM messages replied per second b characters

- (M.m + k.M.r) characters pass thro

Altogether, the total number of 100 k % Y

instructions required; REPLY

- If ‘s’ is the number of instructions per second that

Blood filtration in human body

The overall function can be represented as;

If the real world readings and the output of the

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