Guide 04 - Warehouse Design PDF

Contents
Contents
Technical Terminology.................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Chapter One: General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities ....................................13

1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................15
1.2 The Owner- Investor's Obligations......................................................................................................................................... 16
1.3 The Designer's Obligations......................................................................................................................................................17
1.4 The Supervisor's Obligations.................................................................................................................................................. 18
1.5 The Contractor's Obligations.................................................................................................................................................. 19
1.6 General Conditions for Building Warehouses.......................................................................................................................20
1.7 Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse.............................................................................................................21
Chapter Two: Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities ................................................................. 23

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 25
2.2 Classification of Warehouses ..............................................................................................................................................26
Chapter Three: Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities............................29
3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements..................................................................................................................31
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location..................................................................... 32
3.3 Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings............................................................................................................................ 35
3.4 Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship..........................................................................56
3.5 Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses.............................................................................................................59
3.6 Checklist of Third Chapter..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter Four: Construction Conditions within the Industrial City......................................................63

4.1 Construction Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................65
4.2 Conditions for Building Design............................................................................................................................................. 77
4.3 Conditions of the Site Design................................................................................................................................................79
4.4 Utilities...................................................................................................................................................................................82
1
Contents
4.5 Solid waste.............................................................................................................................................................................. 91

4.6 Environmental conditions.....................................................................................................................................................93
4.7 Fire and Explosives................................................................................................................................................................ 94
4.8 Warehouse General Safety Requirements............................................................................................................................95
4.9 Checklist for Chapter 4.......................................................................................................................................................... 96
Chapter Five: Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses............................................................. 99

5.1 Cold Warehouses....................................................................................................................................................................101
5.2 Controlled Humidity Warehousing..................................................................................................................................... 107
5.3 Shed Storage Spaces............................................................................................................................................................. 108
5.4 Open Storage Spaces..............................................................................................................................................................111
5.5 Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses.................................................................................................................... 114
Chapter Six: Sustainability in Warehouses ......................................................................................124

6.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................127
6.2 Material Resources Efficiency.............................................................................................................................................. 128
6.3 Building envelope................................................................................................................................................................ 130
6.4 Potable Water........................................................................................................................................................................133
6.5 Optional Requirements.........................................................................................................................................................134
Chapter Seven: Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings ........................... 137
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments.................................................................................. 139
7.2 Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design........................................................................................................................ 140
7.3 Third Stage: Final Design Stage............................................................................................................................................. 141
Chapter Eight: Annexes...................................................................................................................147

8.1 Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON...................................................................... 149
8.2 Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses in Industrial Cities........................................ 150
8.3 Annex III: Initial warehouse introduction form................................................................................................................... 151
8.4 Annex IV: Construction permit form....................................................................................................................................152
2
Contents
Information Tables.......................................................................................................................... 157

9.1 List of Information for Forklifts............................................................................................................................................ 159
9.2 List of Information of Trucks and Trailers............................................................................................................................161
9.3 List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services........................................................................................ 163
References......................................................................................................................................165
3
Figures
Figures
Figure 1: Illustrative plan of the elements of the general location of the warehouse buildings...................................... 35
Figure 2: Plan of Relationships of General Storages............................................................................................................36
Figure 3: Plan of Relationships of Transit Storages.............................................................................................................36
Figure 4: Plan of Relationships of Accumulation ................................................................................................................36
Figure 5: Illustrative Plan of Storage Elements....................................................................................................................38
Figure 6: Pallet Racks Measurements..................................................................................................................................39
Figure 7: Automated Storage Systems.................................................................................................................................47
Figure 8: Alternatives for the distribution of shipping locations (c) and delivery (a):(a) the building is located on one
road (b) the building is locatedon an orthogonal road (c) the building is located on two parallel roads..........51
Figure 9: Illustrative plan of loading, unloading and maneuvering and turning area.................................................... 52
Figure 10: Illustrative plan of double-functional dock (loading and unloading)............................................................... 53
Figure 11: Area requirements for shipping and delivery docks........................................................................................... 53
Figure 12: Typical receiving office.........................................................................................................................................54
Figure 13: Typical shipping office..........................................................................................................................................54
Figure 14: Illustrative plan of work in inverted "T" flow storage.........................................................................................56
Figure 15: Illustrative plan of work of cross flow storage.................................................................................................... 57
Figure 16: Illustrative plan of work flow in a ....................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 17: Illustrative plan of through flow..........................................................................................................................58
Figure 18: How to use setbacks- on one road.......................................................................................................................65
Figure 19: How to use setbacks- on two orthogonal roads..................................................................................................65
Figure 20: Elevation conditions.......................................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 21: Elevation in general warehouses.........................................................................................................................67
Figure 22: Elevation in general mechanized warehouses...................................................................................................67
Figure 23: Elevations in automated general warehouses..................................................................................................67
Figure 24: Vertical loading dock for the back loading truck.............................................................................................. 68
Figure 25: Dimensions of loading docks for back loading vehicles and depths of movement distances........................ 69
4
Figures
Figure 26: Dimensions of loading docks for lateral vehicles and depths of movement distances ...................................70
Figure 27: Dimensions of 45 degree inclined loading docks for back loading vehicles........................................................71
Figure 28: Dimensions of movement distances for 45 degree inclined loading docks........................................................71
Figure 29: Shared loading docks - common entrance for all vehicles................................................................................. 72
Figure 30: Shared loading docks- separate entrances for common vehicles...................................................................... 72
Figure 31: Internal aisle.......................................................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 32: Buffer unloading................................................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 33: Lateral movement aisles and dimensions of different lifts................................................................................ 74
Figure 34: Illustrative design of high loading outlets with doors and a canopy in case there are no doors available..... 75
Figure 35: Dimensions of trucks............................................................................................................................................ 75
Figure 36: Internal and external turning circle of a truck.................................................................................................... 76
Figure 37: Internal and external turning diameter of a trailer............................................................................................ 76
Figure 38: Fences.................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 39: Adjacent Gates...................................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 40: Separate Gates...................................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 41: Docks......................................................................................................................................................................80
Figure 42: Contouring of the main road network.................................................................................................................81
Figure 43: Provide natural lighting....................................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 44: Natural ventilation............................................................................................................................................... 83
Figure 45: Location of waste bin inside and outside the warehouse..................................................................................92
Figure 46: Conditions and procedures of storage of hazardous waste...............................................................................92
Figure 47: Unequal air distribution in storage area of unit cooler with one fan .............................................................. 101
Figure 48: Regular air distribution....................................................................................................................................... 101
Figure 49: Cold warehouse with unit cooler outside the main cooling area.................................................................... 102
Figure 50: Section of a pre-fabricated cold warehouse with top lift................................................................................. 102
Figure 51: Internal curtain composed of flexible strips that are used to reduce quantity of exchanged air................... 104
Figure 52: Illustrative example of open storage spaces.......................................................................................................112
5
Figures
Figure 53: Lateral loading platforms............................................................................................................................... 113

Figure 54: Back loading platforms................................................................................................................................... 113
Figure 55: Plan showing how to isolate hazardous and flammable materials ............................................................116
Figure 56: Illustrative section of a fire-resistant material warehouse.......................................................................... 117
Figure 57: Illustrative plan of the drainage system........................................................................................................119
Figure 58: Sprinkler system in an acidic material storage warehouse......................................................................... 120
Figure 59: Recommendations for size of opening in warehouses.................................................................................132
6
Tables
Tables
Table 1: Pallet Racks Measurements............................................................................................................................................39

Table 2: Types of racks.................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Table 3: Storage System: Manual................................................................................................................................................45
Table 4: Mechanized Storage System......................................................................................................................................... 46
Table 5: Techniques and methods of order picking and material handling............................................................................ 49
Table 6: Drinking water physicochemical properties................................................................................................................ 88
Table 7: Physicochemical properties of untreated sewage water............................................................................................ 89
Table 8: Organic physicochemical properties of untreated sewage water ............................................................................. 89
Table 9: Non-organic physicochemical properties for untreated sewage water..................................................................... 89
Table 10: Firefighting equipment and alarm systems in warehouse buildings...................................................................... 94
Table 11: General Requirement of Hazardous Material Storage Facilities................................................................................ 118
Table 12: Sample of recyclable materials................................................................................................................................... 129
7
As part of Modon ongoing commitment to
environmental stewardship, this page has been
left blank to accommodate two-sided printing
8
Technical Terminology
Technical Terminology
▪▪ Pallet racks ▪▪ Apron Width

▪▪ Racks ▪▪ Travel Distance
▪▪ Loading Bay ▪▪ Sotrage Keeping Unit (SKU)
▪▪ UnLoading Bay ▪▪ Reach Truck
▪▪ Loading Dock ▪▪ Bins
▪▪ Aisles ▪▪ Shelves
▪▪ Queuing ▪▪ Carousels
▪▪ Order Picking ▪▪ Conveyors
▪▪ Staking
▪▪ Receiving Docks
▪▪ Shipping Docks
▪▪ Storage areas
▪▪ Staging
▪▪ Loading and Unloading areas
▪▪ Maneuvering areas
▪▪ Marshelling area
▪▪ Buffer/Accumulation area
▪▪ Dock leveler
▪▪ Bulk Storage
▪▪ Forklift
▪▪ Vans
▪▪ Truck
▪▪ Trailers
▪▪ Swept Turning Circle
▪▪ Peak Flow Traffic
9
10
Introduction
Introduction
The Saudi Industrial Property Authority This guide also gives a clear picture to all
(MODON) is in charge of several duties, namely those who work with the Authority, as a
planning industrial cities, encouraging their way to introduce them to its conditions,
construction, development, management, specifications and procedures when issuing
maintenance and supervision. It also publishes permits for warehouses. The guide also
the rules, specifications, performance criteria addresses all investors and investing offices
and procedures pertaining to the construction, that work with MODON in order to clarify
development, administration, operation and the requirements and conditions related to
maintenance of industrial cities. In virtue building warehouses in industrial cities.
of article (11) of the internal statute of the
Saudi Industrial Property Authority, adopted
by the decision of the Authority's council
of administration (5/2003) dated 12/3/1423
Hegira included in article 19 paragraph (3),
the conditions of designing buildings inside
specific industrial cities and technical and
environmental standards and conditions as
well as security requirements.
In virtue of article (36) of the internal statute
that stipulates that the specified industrial
cities should be used for the purposes that
they were built for, the Authority must
ensure that the beneficiaries comply with
all the pertaining technical, architectural,
environmental and other standards,
specifications and conditions, preserve the
environment and collaborate with the public
and private stakeholders in order to achieve
these goals.
In order to be able to implement all the
required reviews and tasks, the Authority
deemed it important to develop a guide for
warehouses building criteria and conditions,
and that aims at:
▪▪ Determining all technical and architectural
conditions and specifications and security
requirements.
▪▪ Determining conditions and specifications
required from design offices when design-
ing and implementing the different design
steps.
11
12
1
1
General Conditions of Building

Warehouses in Industrial Cities
Chapter 1: General Conditions of Building
Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................15
Title....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Scope of Implementation........................................................................................................................................ 15
Saudi Industrial Property Authority Powers............................................................................................................ 15
Update of the Guide............................................................................................................................................... 15
The Guide's Applicability........................................................................................................................................ 15
1.2 The Owner- Investor's Obligations................................................................................................ 16
1.3 The Designer's Obligations............................................................................................................17
1.4 The Supervisor's Obligations........................................................................................................ 18
1.5 The Contractor's Obligations........................................................................................................ 19
1.6 General Conditions for Building Warehouses...............................................................................20
1.7 Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse......................................................................21
Introduction
1.1
General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1.1 Introduction
Title The Guide's Applicability

The set of conditions and regulations 1. This guide is subject to all general legal and
included in this guide determines the criteria regulatory provisions and requirements
and conditions of building warehouses in that are implemented in Saudi Arabia, as
industrial cities in Saudi Arabia, and is shortly well as all agreements that Saudi Arabia
referred to in the text as the guide. complies with.
Scope of Implementation 2. Saudi Building Code and international code
references adopted by Saudi Standards,
The guide's regulations and conditions are Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO)
implemented on architectural and building
including the related conditions and
design activities in industrial cities in Saudi
specifications are considered an integral
Arabia, whether across warehouses planned
part of this guide.
to be built or existing warehouses that need
3. The latest specific sanitary regulations
expansion, restoration, or total or partial
and conditions published by the Ministry
destruction, or any rights or privileges
of Health, Saudi Food & Drug Authority,
pertaining to constructed buildings, while
taking into consideration that existing Presidency of Meteorology and Environment
warehouses that were built before the (PME) and the General Directorate of Civil
establishment of MODON are treated in Defense are considered an integral part
a special way in terms of conditions and of this guide, and are adopted when the
permits. related content is not included in this guide.
4. In case there is a contradiction between one
Saudi Industrial Property Authority Powers of the guide's regulations and the codes
▪▪ Issue and follow-up on the use of this guide referential requirements, or it is impossible
in all activities pertaining to industrial cit- to reconcile between them in such a way
ies. as not to affect the specific conditions,
▪▪ Explain this guide's procedures and require- the above-mentioned conditions have the
ments. Procedures are only amended after a priority in implementation.
written approval by the Authority. 5. If any of the design's documents or the
exchanges between the work's stakeholders
Update of the Guide refers to a part of or the entire guide as a
This guide is subject to updates or additions reference, the latter would have the same
that are required to be implemented, and that binding power as the guide, to the extent
are adopted by the Authority, thus becoming allowed by the reference.
an integral part of the guide and share the
same powers.
15
The Owner- Investor's Obligations
1.2 General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities
1.2 The Owner- Investor's Obligations
1. Comply with this guide's regulations and

conditions.
2. Respect the property rights of those who
have adjacent facilities to the project,
whether these rights are material or moral.
3. Collaborate with the neighboring project
owners and commit to coordinate with them
on repair any damages or deteriorations
that may affect their buildings due to
construction activities in the neighboring
building.
4. Not to conclude contracts or mandate
any unauthorized offices with design and
implementation supervision activities in
Electronic tools warehouse
the Saudi Industrial Property Authority.
5. Prepare designs via a specialized Lancashire
eligible Saudi consultant office in designing
United Kingdom
warehouses, provided they meet the
following conditions:
a. Sign designs and seal them with the
consultant's office seal.
b. Attach a valid copy of the office's permit
and submit it to MODON.
6. Verify compliance with work procedures

and possession of necessary permits before
launching construction activities. No
amendment to the design is allowed after
the permit is awarded unless amendments
to the permit are MODON in order to take
necessary measures.
16
The Designer's Obligations
1.3
1.3 The Designer's Obligations

conditions pertaining to design activities.
2. Carry out design activities according to
this guide and the international code of
design, and prepare documents, designs,
technical specifications, quantities and
other requirements.
3. Implement international environment
standards such as ISO 14001:2004 , and
occupational health and safety standards
such as OHSAS 18001:2004 .
4. No amendments to the adopted designs
by the Authority are allowed. In case of any
modification during the implementation, it
should be adopted by the Authority.
5. Any materials that lead under any
circumstances to the danger of steam or
toxic gas emissions or radiological activities
or pollution of the environment are not General Warehouse
allowed.
6. Designs and technical standards of Shanghai China
activities and quantity lists should be
reviewed for compliance with the guide's
conditions and the Saudi construction
code, or international standards adopted by
Saudi Standards Meteorology and Quality
Organization (SASO).
7. It is preferable to comply with sustainability
principles when designing warehouses.
They can be consulted in Chapter 5 of this
guide.
1. ISO: International Organization for Standardization

2. OHSAS : Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series 2
for health and safety management systems
17
The Supervisor's Obligations
1.4 The Supervisor's Obligations

conditions.
2. Follow-up on activities carried out by the
contractor during the implementation
period.
3. Implement international environment
standards on location such as ISO 14001:2004
and occupational health and safety standards
such as OHSAS 18001:2004.
4. Verify that the contractor clarifies all details
of implementation, reports and coordinates
all activities providing shop drawings.
5. Handle the exterior aspect of the project's
work location.
6. Comply with the norms and regulations that
are used for construction sites.
7. Verify the availability of regulatory procedures
of warehouses used in the administration of
industrial cities.
8. Prepare regular reports on a monthly
basis regarding the progress of the
implementation of the warehouse's adopted
designs, clarifying the compliance with the
conditions and standards included in this
guide, to be sent to the administration of the
industrial city on a monthly basis.
18
The Contractor's Obligations
1.5
1.5 The Contractor's Obligations

conditions.
2. Comply with the designs and the
construction permit content.
3. Implement ISO 9001:2008.
4. Comply with technical standards and latest
techniques in project implementation.
5. Make sure that all used devices
and tools in the building, whether they
are security and fire fighting equipment or
electrical and mechanical devices, comply
with SASO's requirements or international
standards recognized by MODON, in case
local standards are not available.
6. Follow technical principles in digging General Warehouse
and managing surrounding buildings in
order to guarantee their security, while Manila, Philippines
transporting digging equipment outside
the location and not storing them in the
highway or lateral setbacks.
7. Follow technical principles when
demolishing buildings.
19
General Conditions for Building Warehouses
1.6 General Conditions for Building Warehouses
1. The warehouse has a permit from the 7. The investor uses the planned land
Ministry of Commerce and Industry or to build a warehouse in the industrial cities
the Saudi Arabian General Investment according to a contract concluded with the
Authority (SAGIA). Saudi Industrial Property Authority or with
2. Warehouses of food, water, medication, the owner of the private industrial city,
bioproducts, sanitary and herbal products depending on the nature of the contract,
that are used for medical purposes, whether it is of leasing, sale or usufruct.
laboratory and diagnostic reagents, as well The contract binds the warehouse owner
as medical supplies and electronic devices to the conditions and requirements of
that affect human health and pesticides, building warehouses inside industrial cities
should have a permit from competent in terms of construction, operation and
authorities, and should follow-up and maintenance.
collaborate with the Saudi Food & Drug
Authority in order to guarantee health
quality and security of the stored material,
and make sure they comply with the criteria
of general health, and get acquainted
with the conditions and procedures used
by the Saudi Food & Drug Authority
(WWW.SFDA-GOV.SA) .
3. The necessary area for the warehouse
should take into account the requirements
of storage, loading and unloading areas as
well as maneuvering areas.
4. The minimum modern technologies should
be provided in the warehouse for vehicles,
machines, loading and unloading ways.
5. An adequate area is allocated for
each storage warehouse inside the industrial
city, after conducting architectural studies,
while informing MODON of doing so.
Any future expansion activities are taken
into account if sufficient justification is
provided.
6. Warehouses outside industrial cities
are given lands in the industrial cities in case
it is decided that it is necessary to relocate
them in order to carry out expansion
activities to increase their area, according to
the governing and obtained permits.
3. Municipal and technical conditions for general warehouses, MOMRA.
20
Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse
1.7
1.7 Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse
A construction permit is submitted by

following the required procedures that are
shown on the MODON’s website, but before
doing so, the uploaded conditions on the
website are consulted on the following link:
http://www.modon.gov.sa
Work in Warehouse for Industrial

Mechanical Equipment
Boston,
USA

21
22
2 2
Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities

‫المباني السكنية‬
‫إشتراطات البناء العامة‬
Chapter 2:Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities

2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 25
2.2 Classification of Warehouses .....................................................................................................26
General Warehouses.............................................................................................................................................. 26
Cold Warehouses................................................................................................................................................... 26
Controlled Humidity.............................................................................................................................................. 26
Flammable/Hazardous Storehouse........................................................................................................................ 27
Shed Storage......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Introduction
2.1
2.1 Introduction
Warehouses are facilities that offer the

adequate environment to store goods and
materials that require protection from
environmental factors and theft. When
designing warehouses, many factors should
be taken into account such as the capacity
of storing the required materials, and lifting
and delivery equipment as well as receiving,
shipping and transferring operations and the
related trucks and trailers, in addition to the
needs of employees and workers, provided
that lifting and delivery operations are carried
out in the shortest time possible in order to
achieve economic feasibility in the operation
of warehouses.
25
Classification of Warehouses
2.2 Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities
2.2 Classification of Warehouses
Warehouses are divided into six categories: Controlled Humidity

general warehouses, cold warehouses,
Controlled humidity warehouses resemble
controlled humidity, flammable/hazardous
general ones in all aspects, except that they are
storehouses, shed storages and open storages.
constructed with steam insulating barriers.
General Warehouses They contain control equipment in order to
A general warehouse is designed to store maintain a specific humidity level inside the
pallets, bins and bulk for specific periods of building. The warehouse building can be
time until they are merchandised. It operates separate or adjacent to a general warehouse.
as an independent facility with a room Controlled humidity warehouses are used to
temperature of 25 degrees, and includes store materials for many reasons, namely:
receiving, shipping and loading spaces, as well a. Protect technological materials and
as storage areas and the necessary aisles and humidity sensitive materials against
spaces for offices and workers' services. deterioration when storing them in general
Cold Warehouses warehouses and preparing them for
immediate use.
Cold warehouses are designed to maintain b. Reduce the initial conservation costs and the
the quality, health and safety of perishable re-conservation costs that some products
materials and products and general supply might need when storing them in general
materials that require cold spaces for storage, warehouses.
with temperatures that vary between zero
c. Preserve materials placed in temporary
and 4 degrees for chilling, and zero and - 16
storage until they are fixed, liquidated,
degrees for freezing. In addition to general
conserved, re-conserved or assembled.
warehouses requirements, they include
d. Grant full necessary protection for materials
specific spaces for freezing and cooling, as well
that are being treated for conservation.
as equipment facilities and specific areas for
mechanical equipment.
4. United States Department of Defense, UFC; design of shed

storages, 2004.
5. Guide of complete design of buildings -National Institute of
Building Sciences.
6. This section does not include storing liquids - oil and non-oil
(petrol oil facilities) and open storages).
26
Training Institutes
2.2
Flammable/Hazardous Storehouse
Flammable/hazardous storehouses are
different from general warehouses because
of the dangerous aspect of the stored
materials and the measures taken to prevent,
eliminate and extract gases and vapors
that are generated by the storage of these
materials, through appropriate ventilation,
and according to the conditions of the Civil
Defense for building warehouses and storing
flammable/hazardous substances and the
criteria and standards of the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA). The substances
that are stored as part of this category of
warehouses include tints and some petroleum
substances, oil and lubricants- POL, chemical
substances, acids, corrosive liquids and
oxidized substances, as well as other similar
flammable and hazardous substances.
Shed Storage
It is a ceiled structure with no lateral or
completely finished walls that may contain
sprinkler and fire extinguishing alarm
systems. This type of warehouses is usually
used to store gas, petrol and oil cylinders,
lubricants-filled cylinders, trucks, unpolished
wood, as well as their construction material. It
is noteworthy that shed storages that are used
to store hazardous substances are subject to
specific design requirements and conditions.
27
28
3
3
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings

and Storage Facilities
Chapter 3:Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings
and Storage Facilities
3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements...........................................................................31
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location................................. 32
General Specifications........................................................................................................................................... 32
Optimal Distribution of Spaces in the General Location.......................................................................................... 32
Area Requirements for the Flow of Trucks inside the Location..................................................................................33
Orientation of Buildings.........................................................................................................................................33
Shapes and Rates of Warehouse Buildings..............................................................................................................33
3.3 Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings..................................................................................... 35
Storage Areas........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Storage Keeping Unit............................................................................................................................................. 39
Lifting and Handling Systems................................................................................................................................44
Truck docks & Maneuvering areas.......................................................................................................................... 51
Support Areas........................................................................................................................................................53
3.4 Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship......................................56
Cross Flow Layout.................................................................................................................................................. 56
Corner Warehouse..................................................................................................................................................57
Through flow........................................................................................................................................................ 58
3.5 Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses.......................................................................59
3.6 Checklist of Third Chapter.......................................................................................................... 60
Determining Manpower and Area Requirements
3.1
Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities

3.1 Determining Manpower and Area Requirements
1. Identify the required standards to specify

the size of manpower depending on the type
of activity and degree of mechanization.
2. Determine the area land requirements,
according to the following pattern:
▫▫ Determine the dimensions of the land
section (including the warehouse build-
ing and the related services like loading,
packaging, receiving, shipping, mar-
shalling areas, truck and trailer parking,
truck traffic, circulation and maneuver-
ing areas.
▫▫ Determine the warehouse area depend-
ing on the type of the storage (storage
methods, used loading rack patterns,
equipment and vehicles used in ma-
terial handling operations + main and
auxiliary traffic aisles, number of neces-
sary loading bays, shipping and transfer
routes inside the warehouse + expan-
sion + site landscape).
▫▫ Determine the shed location's area (oc-
cupancy rate of the warehouse while
leaving enough space for unloading,
loading, truck parking and movement
to store raw substances and end prod-
ucts).
▫▫ Optimized distribution of constructed
areas (storage areas + traffic aisles +
loading, unloading and staging areas
+ offices + workers' services + electrical
feeding services + maintenance facili-
ties) depending on the type of the ware-
house.
31
Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
3.2 Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings and Storage Facilities
3.2 Principles and Criteria for the Planning of the Warehouse General Location
General Specifications ▪▪ Mountainous areas: In mountainous areas,

When starting to plan for the general location consideration must be given to water drain-
of the warehouse, the following specifications age depending on the location's topogra-
should be met: phy, ensuring soil stability, and arranging
the location so as to adapt to the warehouse
Location Characteristics
building's design and the main wind direc-
Use of the lands surrounding the land tion.
section, by consulting the land use map of the
surrounding lands to warehouse according to The design principles and criteria for the
the regulations and conditions implemented general location of the warehouse should
in the industrial city. comply with the following factors:
Traffic and Fire Trucks Optimal Distribution of Spaces in the

Necessary areas for traffic and parking of General Location
trucks. in special marshalling areas as well as
▪▪ Determine loading bay areas in the best part
maneuvering and circulation areas for trucks
of the general location in order to achieve
and fire trucks need to be secured, in addition
to loading and unloading areas. the main goals:
Geographical Locations and Environmental ▫▫Achieve maximal efficiency of entrance

and exit of goods.
and Natural Factors Surrounding the Location
When designing warehouses, climate factors
▫▫Capacity for peak traffic flow and types
of used trucks in loading and transfer of
surrounding the location should be taken goods.
into consideration. They are classified as the
following:
▫▫ Flexibility for future changes and all cli-
mate circumstances in the location.
▪▪ Desert areas: When designing warehouses ▫▫ Integration between the general lo-
in desert areas, solar radiation intensity, cation design and the internal main
high temperatures, water drainage in the traffic axes on one hand, and the uses
location (floods) and sand winds are taken surrounding the location on the other
into consideration. hand.
▪▪ Waterfront areas: Among the factors relat- ▫▫ Comply with loading methods of stored
ed to designing warehouses in waterfront goods that may differ according to the
areas are saltwater, water splash, corrosion, stored goods.
deterioration caused by sea bugs and hu- ▪▪ Determine the truck flow pattern from the
midity. entrance gates to the loading and unload-
ing exits so that they are one way or two
ways.
32
3.2
Area Requirements for the Flow of Trucks Shapes and Rates of Warehouse Buildings
inside the Location ▪▪ When starting to design warehouse build-
Area requirements for the flow of trucks inside ings and determining their rates and
the location are determined by: shapes, the following elements should be
▪▪ Determining the number of necessary load- ▪▪ taken into account:
ing bays for the warehouse. ▪▪ MinTravel distance between active oper-
▪▪ Determining the pattern of truck flow (one ational locations and that can be achieved
way or two ways). in square areas that extend in a rectangu-
▪▪ Determining the capability of using vertical lar shape in future expansions of the ware-
exits or diagonal exits with maximum angle house, knowing that rectangular surfaces
inside the location if vertical parking slots of warehouses allow additional areas to in-
are not available. crease loading docks.
▪▪ Determining docks width ▪▪ Avoiding the use of irregular shapes such as
▪▪ Determining apron width "U" and "L"
▪▪ Requirements of parking and queuing ▪▪ Future extension and expansion of the
Orientation of Buildings warehouse
▪▪ Studying the height of warehouses in order
Orient the buildings allowing to get the most
to achieve economic efficiency of storage
out of indirect sunlight and winds while
trying to maximize the compliance with the areas.
following criteria by: ▪▪ Location of the warehouse inside a land
area to give flexibility for future extension
▪▪ Leveraging indirect sunlight, the transversal and expansion of the warehouse
north/south part of the building, in order to ▪▪ Location of delivery and shipping offices so
design a building that reacts positively with as to be neighboring, separate or scattered.
the sun trajectory.
▪▪ Capacity for buildings shading one another Taking into account traffic and flow
regulations in the general location of the
in addition to shading sidewalks (partially
warehouse and that may contradict each
or completely)
other sometimes:
▪▪ Achieving wind effect by orienting build-
ings within the direction of main winds by 1. External flow of heavy trucks
putting barriers as one of the possible solu- 2. External flow of light trucks
tions to protect from strong winds. 3. Workers external flow
▪▪ Setting up loading docks against the main 4. Pedestrian external flow
5. External flow to/from the warehouse
wind direction.
6. Internal flow inside the main storage areas:
entering goods
7. Internal flow inside the main storage areas:
exiting goods
8. Internal flow routes between storage aisles.
33
Complying with the requirements of security

and safety in storehouses
By consulting the annex of security and
safety requirements in industrial facilities
and services in industrial cities, especially
Chapter 1 and 4 that include the general
conditions to protect against fire in facilities
and preventive precautions to protect against
fire in warehouse buildings, and that could be
summed up as the following:
▪▪ Requirements for organizing the location
for protection against fire
▪▪ Road requirements
▪▪ Requirements of controlling fire propaga-
tion
▪▪ Internal finishings
▪▪ Requirements of fire alarm systems
▪▪ Requirements of escape routes (exits and
stair entrances)
▪▪ Requirements of alarm systems and fire ex-
tinction inside buildings
▪▪ Requirements of warehouses of highly
hazardous content
34
Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
3.3
3.3 Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings
The general location of general warehouses 5. Marshalling Area

includes a set of main elements such as: 6. Support services such as:
1. The warehouse building including: ▫▫Receiving and Shipping Offices:
▫▫ Storage areas ▫▫Administration, worker services and
▫▫ Aisles
▫▫
guard
▫▫ Staging Areas
▫▫
Entrance and exit points
▫▫ Receiving and Shipping Areas
▫▫
Truck and car parking slots
Special facilities for truck maintenance
2. Loading and Unloading Areas
3. Maneuvering Area
4. Accumulation Area
Additional Collection
Area in Peak Times
Shipping Office
Discharge
Loading
Warehouse Truck and Trailer

Truck and Trailer Premise Assembly
Assembly
Receiving
Office
Employee
Entrance
Main Buffer Areas
Car Parking PrimaryAccumulation
Additional Buffer Shipping Area

(Dispatch Buffer)
Entrance
Road
Figure 1: Illustrative plan of the elements of the general location of the warehouse buildings
35
Storage Areas
There are four types of warehouses in which Accumulation Storage
storage is made according to the following In this category of warehouses, necessary
method: components for a specific production
Stockholding storage procedure are stored.
It is usually divided into two parts: one for raw Repository Storage
materials and another part for end products This category of storehouses includes specific
and that are liquidated on a periodic basis. areas to store vehicles, spare parts for long
periods of time. This category is different than
Transit Storage the three previous ones, in the sense that its
This category of warehouses represents a design ensures adequate spaces for storage
specific phase of the product distribution volume and maximum use of the area that
system and concentrates on storing and exceeds receiving and maneuvering speed.
distributing raw materials to retail centers
(factories, traders, etc.)
Goods Arrival, Goods Arrival,

Goods Entry Unloading Unloading
Verification/ Verification/
Packing and Storing Packing and Storing
Verification/Packing
And Storing
Special Warehouses Slow, Medium, Fast Circulation Special Warehouses Slow, Medium, Fast Circulation
(Chilled) (Chilled)
Storage of Goods
Without Staging
Goods Goods
Selecting Orders Upon Request/ Selecting Orders Upon Request/
Selecting Orders Selecting Orders
Goods Upon Request/
Selecting Orders
Collecting Orders Collecting Orders Collecting Orders Collecting Orders
Collecting Orders
Loading/Verifying/ Loading/Verifying/
Loading Orders Assuring Orders Loading Orders Assuring Orders
Verification/Loading
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Figure2: Plan of Relationships of General Storages Figure 3: Plan of Relationships of Transit Storages Figure 4: Plan of Relationships of Accumulation
36
3.3
Storages
Storage and distribution spaces represent
the functional area of warehouses and make
up for 70 to 80% of the total area, whereas
support services occupy between 20 and 30%
of the total area. Their design depends on
the adequate distribution of areas by using
the Storage Keeping Unit (SKU) and the size
and type of material handling equipment for
stored substances in addition to receiving
and shipping requirements. They are usually
divided into three categories:
1. Manual Storage
2. Mechanized Storage Manual Storage
3. Automated Storage
When designing manual storage and

choosing the adequate operation method,
measurements and dimensions that are
adequate to human movement are adopted.
As for mechanized and automated storage,
the related design consists of maximum use
of space (area x height) in order to achieve
economic efficiency for the warehouse. The
"cubic meter" is adopted as elementary
unit for design instead of "square meter"
in order to achieve maximum stacking and
reducing aisles; efficiency in distribution is
also adopted instead of stacking, mechanical
lifting and delivery equipment instead
of manual work. The difference between
mechanized and automated storage is that
the latter contains holding racks that form
part of the constructional building structure,
and requires special automated lifting and
delivery rules and equipment.
7. Warehouse distribution and operations handbook
37
Storage areas are constituted by the following

main elements:
(1) Pallet racks, Bulk storage and Shelving/bins
(2) Delivery and shipping area
(3) Staging area
Pallet Racks
Box Storage
Receiving and
Shipping Office
Staging and Wrapping Area
Shipping Receiving
Figure 5: Illustrative Plan of Storage Elements
38
3.3
Storage Keeping Unit
Storage units are considered pallet racks

and storage containers, as well as storage
requirements and stored material types out
of the main elements of storage units the
characteristics of which should be taken into
account when designing storage areas in
warehouses.
Pallet Racks
Pallets racks form a system of staging
goods and organizing the storage process.
During this process, materials are stacked
in accumulative units on a wood or metal
surface, known as pallet, with internationally
recognized measurements, that is covered
with nylon in order to form one block that
is compressed in storages in horizontal and
multi-leveled lines.
Goods staging method known as pallet is a
staging system that simplifies handling, and
aims at ordering and stacking goods within
accumulative units on a wood or metal
Goods Staging Methods (Pallet)
surface, known as pallet, with internationally
recognized measurements, that is covered
with nylon in order to form one block.
120cm
2.2 2
Table1:
14.4
70
Pallet Racks Measurements 2.2 10 10 14.5 22.75 10 38.25cm 38.25cm

Measurements (Length mm x Width mm) 14.5 4 14.5cm 14.5cm 14.5cm
80cm
1016x1219
1000x1200
width=80cm
1165x1165
1067x1067
1100x1100
Length=80cm
800x1200
Figure 6: Pallet Racks Measurements
39
Racks
They are metal structures designed to store
pallet. They can be free-standing racks or form
part of the structural building (structural
racks) given that the design criteria of
the latter are subject to mechanical and
engineering regulations, and need special
lifting and handling equipment, which makes
future expansion and change processes
difficult; they are usually used in elevated and
automated storage areas.
Before choosing the type of racks that can be
used in storehouses, the following criteria
should be studied:
▪▪ Exposure of goods to breakage Pallet Racks
▪▪ Choosing goods storing methods by placing
them on pallet racks or storing them in car-
ton boxes and then placing them on pallet
racks
▪▪ Weight of stored materials
▪▪ Easiness of entering and exiting goods from
storage areas
▪▪ Adequacy of volume of the warehouse
building with the volume of goods and
stored substances
▪▪ Volume of orders and fastness required Box storage
to be selected according to the used pallet
racks
There are several types of racks that are used

for staging and for specific purposes that differ
according to the volume and shape of the
stored material. The types are the following:
Code Reference to pack and distribute

substances in storage boxes
40
3.3
Table 2:
Types of racks
Standard Adjustable A common type of racks in factories and

Racking warehouses, it is made of iron perforated
boards that are installed with easy screws
according to the required design. This type
of racks is simple, flexible and low-cost (like
building toys)
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Pallet Width with

In case double width Pallet is needed, Additional 10-16 cm
2 Pallet width is left with additional 30.5 cm
Pallet Racking The most used type; it is usually linked to the

measurements of the used pallet racks or the
goods coming from the source.
Special Racking It includes special pallets to store steel coils,

glass board racks, long racks for textile,
carpets or special hung racks for pipes or
laminated substances. They are designed
for special types of racks to match the
60cm 71cm 71cm 71cm
characteristics of the stored goods.

6-7m
80cm
2.0m
60cm 60cm 60cm
2.6m
Distance Between
Racks
2.3m 41
Live Racking It includes two types of racks; the type that

works via gravity and the other type that
Flow-Rack
(slope 20-30)
works with electricity, by using wheels for
light weights and reels for heavy weights.
Circular chains with spacious clips that
match the pallet's dimensions.
1.5m
Roller Rack
(slope 3-6 % )
Max:8.0m
Mobile Racking Mobile and manually controllable racks;

They are very common in spare parts
warehouses, printing facilities as well as
warehouses requiring speed and efficiency
in selecting orders and using a wide range
of cardboard boxes.
Structural Racks Racks that are used as structural elements

in elevated warehouses as a replacement
for the system of columns that requires
unusual dimensions and takes up a
large space of the storing surfaces. Using
structural racks achieves economic and
practical efficiency in the warehouse.
42
3.3
Shelving/Bins
Bins: Used to store small pieces such as

screws and electronic pieces, etc. This type of
shelves can be used for goods that are stored
without packaging or in cardboard boxes.
Separators are placed inside the shelves in
order to organize the small parts of goods
within groups, and achieve maximal use of
the shelves.
Shelving: Common types that are used to store

containers and boxes, and irregular shapes.
Carousels: They are made of horizontal and

vertical containers or irregular shapes with
circular horizontal or vertical movements
instead of having the worker approaching
them, in order to handle or choose the
required goods. Vertical Carousels Horizontal Carousels
Drawer Bins Shelves Mobile Shelves
43
Lifting and Handling Systems

Selecting lifting and handling, adequate
storage equipment, and the functional
characteristics of the warehouse are the main
factors that should be taken into account when
setting up designs for storages. Choosing
lifting and handling systems depends on
many factors:
▪▪ Shape and weight of the body that needs to
be lifted or moved
▪▪ Distance of transfer and characteristics of
the aisles in terms of width or parallel sur-
face
▪▪ Nature of transferred materials (solid - liquid-
gas)
▪▪ Degree of hazardousness of transferred
goods during transfer
There are many types of lifting and
handling systems with different functional
characteristics that can be used according to
the systems and storage keeping units in the
warehouse:
▪▪ Manual
▪▪ Mechanized
▪▪ Automated
44
3.3
Table 3:
Storage System: Manual
Long Span Shelving Tiered Shelving Raised Storage Area Cantilever Shelving Lightweight Fir Tree Racking
Live Storage
3D percentage
of space usage 45 45 80 50 65 25
)%(
Percentage of
shelve capacity 95 95 50 100 70 70
)%(
Percentage of
order selection Good Good Below average Good Excellent Good
(%)
Easinessofgoods
Good Average Difficult Average Very difficult Best
transfer
Speed of order
Good Average Below average Good Very good Good
selection
Cycle of goods Very good Good Below average Very good Excellent Very good
PRODUCED
BY
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED BY AN
PRODUCED BY
BY
AN
BY AN
AN
AN AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
AUTODESK PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
45
Table 4:
Mechanized Storage System
Gravity Live
Block Stacking Post Pallets Drive-in Racking Beam Pallet Racking Powdered Mobile Racking
Storage
3D percentage
of space usage 100 90 65 35-50 80 80
)%(
Percentage of
shelve capacity 75 75 75 100 70 100
)%(
Percentage of
order selection 1 30 30 100 30 100
)%(
Speed
Fastest Good Below average Good Good Very good
of transit
Exposure of
batch to High - - - Sometimes -
damages
Stability
Below average Average Good Good Average Good
of batch
PRODUCED BY
BY
BY
BY
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED
PRODUCED AN
AN
AN
AN
BY AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AUTODESK
AN EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
AUTODESK PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
46
3.3
Automated Storage
There are many types of automated storage
systems as the storage can be controlled
partially or fully with computers in stacking
and order selection processes, given
that the selection process often requires
manual handling especially at the final
stage. Automated lifting techniques form a
significant part of the warehouse structure
and requires special measurements for aisles
between shelves. Structural elements usually le
are 30 meters high, whereas aisles have the ais
3m
least dimensions when lifting and handling
are fully automated.
Material Handling Equipment

There are three types of lifting and handling 1500 kg
tools that vary according to the method of
1500 kg
placing goods on shelves and respective
up to 30m
containers. They are used for two main
up to 20m
purposes: stacking and order picking, and are
either manual, mechanized or automated.
Figure7: Automated Storage Systems
Mobile lifts Multi-functional lifts
47
Stackers Transport Systems

These equipment are either manual or Transport systems are designed within the
mechanized (forklifts, small vans) or specially warehouse to transport goods between two
designed (storage/retrieving equipment) for or more locations inside or outside the facility.
transfer and storage. Forklift is a mechanized They can be designed to transport packages
truck designed to lift, unload, stack and (pallet or boxes), weights, liquids or solid
transfer pallet or goods. material.
There are many types of available forklifts
in the market: Gas, electrical and hydraulic-
operating. When starting to plan the design
of warehouse, it is necessary to evaluate the
transfer equipment that is going to be used
in material handling in terms of method of
functioning, the adequate width of aisles,
additional spaces for circulation, turning
requirements and other factors, kindly refer
to the list of information on forklifts in the
chapter of information list when starting
to design warehouses, knowing that this
information is only used in the beginning and
cannot be relied on in the final design.
Order Picking Equipment
This equipment is used to help choose goods Conveyors
depending on a specific order or the transport
of the storage. It can be manual or composed
(forklifts or vans) or mechanized and designed
to catch a specific piece.
48
3.3
Techniques and methods of order picking and

material handling
49
50
3.3
Truck docks & Maneuvering areas Road Road Road

Truck docks & maneuvering are considered R S S R S
R
main and complementary elements along
with storage, receiving and shipping systems.
In storage and distribution facilities, the
movement of products starts at the receiving
docks in order to receive raw materials and/or
enormous quantities of products, and finishes
with loading products or consumption goods (A)
at the shipping docks. This area tasks are as
the following: Road Road Road
▪▪ The task of receiving goods is making sure R S R S R
Road
that the supplier received the correct qual-
ity and quantity of goods and transferred
them to the storage area.
▪▪ The task of shipping goods is making sure
that the picked goods from the storage area S
have been transferred to the agent in good (B)
conditions in a specific timetable
Road Road Road
R R R
S S S
Road Road Road
(C)
Figure8: Alternatives for the distribution of shipping locations (c) and delivery .
(a): (a) the building is located on one road (b) the building is located .
on an orthogonal road (c) the building is located on two parallel roads
51
Loading and Unloading Areas traffic at the loading and unloading docks. Note:
When designing additional buffer areas, the Providing a maximum number
Loading and unloading areas comprise three ofloadingandunloadingdocksin
main factors: following criteria are taken into account:
order to coincide with peak traffic
1. Approach road: is within the storage ▫▫Surveillance of the administration of is not feasible economically as
location and is separated from the main these areas by a specialized aisle office. providing additional marshaling
road with an entrance gate ▫▫Queuing lanes should be clearly and vi- areas even in small warehouses
helps minimizing the number of
2. Marshalling area: is a marshalling/ sually determined while making sure to
docks in order to increase storage
buffer area where one can wait before separate these aisles from maneuver- spaces and provide space for
trucks reach the loading and unloading ing and circulation areas. delivery and shipping formalities
docks. This is considered a vital area that at the same time.
should be secured when starting to design
storages because often the specific loading/
unloading dock is unavailable when the
truck arrives, which causes traffic within the
location. Determining area requirements
for the marshalling area within the
warehouse location is directly located to the
following factors:
▫▫Determining types and number of
trucks in peak flow traffic
▫▫Examination of the traffic surrounding
the location as it has influence on the Loading
truck movement inside the location in Area
peak flow traffic, especially when the
movement of light vans contradicts that
of big trucks and conveyors. It is better
to separate the movement of trucks of
different sizes knowing that the traffic Circulation and
Vehicle
movement is counter-clockwise and al- Maneuvering Area
lows quick turns of articulated vehicles.
▫▫Entrances and exits will be explained in
detail in the fourth chapter of the guide.
3. Buffer area: It is an additional space
designed for truck parking, and allows
Figure 9: Illustrative plan of loading, unloading and
necessary area for maneuvering and
circulation in big warehouses due to truck maneuvering and turning area
52
3.3
Loading and Unloading Docks Support Areas

Loading and unloading docks offer one or There is a set of support areas that is
many outlets for truck docks while securing functionally separated from the storage
adequate spaces for movement and area and does not allow direct entrance of
maneuvering. The design of these outlets, workers to the storage area, as fire insulating
in terms of number, adequate space for walls are used in case of availability of
movement and parking of tracks, depends on hazardous or flammable goods. Adequate
the following main factors: spaces are determined for support areas (for
more information please refer to the list of
▪▪ Determining the type of goods that need to information – related to shipping and delivery
be loaded and shipped and the necessary offices)
period of time for the arrival of trucks to any
outlet and unloading the batch Supervisory Offices
▪▪ Type of trucks used to transfer goods (par- There are offices for supervisors such as
cel transfer vehicles, outer transfer vehicles the warehouse secretary or work team
6 meters, measured vehicles 12 - 15 meters, leaders. The location of the offices is near the
long vehicles 16 meters (for more details, relevant activity area. The design of the office
please refer to the list of information relat- comprises at least two tables for two people
ed to truck dimensions) with chairs and drawer to store files. These
▪▪ Expected traffic of aisle of goods offices are usually made of pre-fabricated
▪▪ Future growth of the circulation movement separating walls or another structural form
and goods (cement blocks).
Loading Access Lifts

Main
Buffer
Areas Receiving Area and Transitional Equipment
Transitional Equipment and Shipping Area
Shipping and Storage Areas

Additional Buffer
Reciving office
Shipping Area
Additional Buffer
Unloading Area Car Parking
Car Entrance
Truck and Storage Areas Main Circulation
Trailer Entrance Passage
Figure 10: Illustrative plan of double-functional dock (loading and unloading) Figure 11: Area requirements for shipping and delivery docks
53
Receiving Office Shipping Office

The main function of delivery offices is to The main function of the shipping office is
secure an adequate area for security and to ensure an adequate space for security and
protection agents and workers in the offices; protection agents and the delivery office.
they include an entrance, a restroom for It includes an entrance and a restroom
supervisors and workers as well as separate for supervisors and workers in addition to
restrooms for truck drivers. separate rest rooms for truck drivers.
Protection Polls Automatic Separated

Doors
Trucker/Employee Protection Polls
Access
Truck Drivers Slope
Restrooms
Shaft
Restroom
Restroom Automatic Door
Restrooms
Restroom
Restroom
Automatic Door Public Lobby for Truck Drivers

Telephone
Lobby for Truck Drivers Outside the Warehouse Automatic Door Inside the Warehouse
Communication Window
Inside the Warehouse Outside the

Warehouse Crane
Communication
Crane
Window
2.7m
Unloading Access Unloading Access
Security
Canopy Office Shipping Canopy
Slope Office
Figure 12: Typical receiving office Figure 13: Typical shipping office
54
14.3
Crating Operation Restrooms

▪▪ General storage facilities can require special Separate restrooms are available for
areas for crating goods of heterogeneous supervisors and workers in the warehouse.
sizes before storing or shipping Parking
Pedestrian traffic is represented by the
Packing/Packaging entrance and exit movement of workers.
It is a daily movement with a specific fixed
▪▪ Packing/packaging spaces are basic require- schedule that coincides with the movement
ments in warehouses and are designed to of trucks and trailers and that should be taken
handle small goods/substances. They in- into account when designing parking lots
clude an adequate table for work and pack- and pedestrian aisles, loading and unloading
ing/packaging requirements, cardboard methods, material handling equipment and
boxes, tape duct, adhesives, labeling cards, transfer systems that are used inside the
a scale. Damaged or hazardous substances location, as well as goods liquidation rates.
are stored in a separate place. When designing car parking lots, there should
be specific parking lots for all workers in the
Employee Services facility at a close distance of the entrance.
Employee services include lounges, a ▪▪ The entrances should be separated from the
restaurant, a vending machine for drinks, exits
a room to change clothes and a prayer
▪▪ Separating barriers are used between car
room. The required area for these services
and truck parking spaces and other activi-
is determined according to the expected
number of employees, and there might be ties. The separation is done in the location
need to place these services in different places between the storage facility and other activ-
inside the building so that they are close to the ities in order to guarantee general security.
workplace of workers and employees. ▪▪ Cars are separated from the delivery and
shipping areas.
55
Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship
3.4 Elements of the Warehouse and Factors Determining their Relationship
Below are figures of illustrative plans of ▪▪ Flexibility for expansion in three directions
warehouse models, and that show the work ▪▪ Allow a better use of outer spaces for the
progress and the relationship between the parking of trucks
functional elements, characteristics, and flaws ▪▪ The flaws of this method are the following:
of each model. ▪▪ Central goods storage aisles become crowd-
Inverted “T” flow ed in receiving and shipping peak periods
▪▪ The expansion requires a change in the
In this model, shipping and unloading areas
course of goods
are placed closely on one side of the building,
with the following characteristics: ▪▪ The transfer distance can be long in bulk
storage areas
▪▪ Allocating areas for small, average and high ▪▪ Loading and unloading docks need central
demand of goods minimizes the movement management
(small demand quantities require longer
transfer distance in distant areas)
▪▪ Better use of loading and unloading outlets Slow Movement Goods
and possibility for common use of mechani-
cal material handling equipment
Storage without
▪▪ Require less space compared to the model Packing or Wrappimg
Medium Movement
that includes separate spaces for loading
Goods
and unloading
▪▪ Possibility to use a loading outlet also for
unloading in separate times Fast Movement Goods
▪▪ Receiving and shipping of goods in one
place allows an easier commercial oper-
ation management and ensuring goods
against theft
Goods Shipping
Figure 14: Illustrative plan of work in inverted "T" flow storage
56
3.4
Cross Flow Layout Corner Warehouse

This type of storage is similar to the "T" flow This type of storage is similar to the inverted
storage but is different in the distribution "T" flow but the location of goods entrance
method of internal storage and order picking and exit is at the corner of the building
areas.
Slow Movement Goods Slow Movement Goods
Medium Movement Goods Medium Movement Goods
Fast movement Goods Goods Shipping

Fast Movement Goods
Goods Receiving Goods Shipping Goods Receiving
Figure 15: Illustrative plan of work of cross flow storage Figure 16: Illustrative plan of work flow in a
This model's characteristics are the following:
This model is characterized by using the goods ▪▪ In this model receiving storage are separate
distribution method in the management from shipping areas, the aim being to help
of the warehouse, where storage spaces for provide solutions for situations that might
goods of important movement are placed at cause contradiction between goods when
the closest point of the loading and unloading they are close to each other
area. ▪▪ Expansion potential in two directions
The flaws of this method are the following:
▪▪ Not appropriate for expansion when the
future expansion is a potential as it requires
essential changes in the internal traffic in
the warehouse
▪▪ Requires additional cost for security and
surveillance
57
Through flow
In this type of storage, loading and unloading
locations are in opposite directions with the
building.
This model is used when unloading
requirements are different from loading ones.
The flaws of this technique are the following:
▪▪ All stored goods should cross the whole in-
ternal distance
▪▪ There are challenges in future expansion
Slow Movement Goods
Medium Movement Goods

Goods Receiving Goods Shipping
Fast Movement Goods
Medium Movement Goods
Slow Movement Goods
Figure 17: Illustrative plan of through flow
58
Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses
3.5
3.5 Regulations and Management Rules for Land Uses
9. Preserve and maintain buildings and

1. Commit to the use according to the keeping them in good condition
allocation of areas inside the industrial 10. The Authority has the right to add other
city depending on type of storages articles to support these items during the
2. Conformity to conditions and constraints growth of the industrial city, such as:
that are attached to the contract of sale or 11. Impose a financial compensation on each
rental in order to make sure that the owner tenant or owner for the maintenance
or the leaseholder preserves the buildings of the city according to the suggested
and the attractiveness of the city. The regulations of MODON.
applicable conditions and constraints are 12. Impose fines on violating beneficiaries
the following: of the warehouses and demand strict
▫▫ Types of land uses (allowed and pro- enforcement of regulations.
hibited) within the industrial city
▫▫ Improvements to the ground use loca-
tions (conditions for the development
of the land parcel such as: land occu-
pancy, elevation, built-up area, fences,
advertisements, etc.)
▫▫ Support uses to the warehouse build-
ings: allocate parking lots for workers'
cars in the storage, transport cars, and
the area for shipping and unloading
operating, a place for workers, and
a place to coordinate the location
around the warehouse, etc.
3. Prohibit modifications in buildings
without a prior authorization from the
Authority.
4. Limit the use of building to the ones
determined by the sale and lease contracts.
5. Refrain from posting advertisements on
the buildings without prior authorization
by MODON
6. Refrain from using setbacks or storehouse
surfaces for waste storing
7. Refrain from using main roads as
marshaling areas for truck parking.
8. Refrain from using lateral or back setbacks
to place chillers even if they were lifted
from the ground
59
Checklist of Third Chapter
3.6 Checklist of Third Chapter
Yes No Other
Taking into account the environmental and natural factors surrounding the location
▪▪ Consider the location's topography and geology as well as the soil's characteristics and the ground's drainage o o
▪▪ Make use of the environmental circumstances and avoid the related flaws o o
▪▪ Provide an appropriate level of environmental control and natural and artificial lighting o o
▪▪ Minimize noise pollution near other facilities o o
Provide enough areas for the main elements of the warehouse general location
▪▪ Loading/Unloading areas o o
▪▪ Marshalling Areas o o
▪▪ Maneuvering Areas o o
▪▪ Accumulation Areas o o o
▪▪ Buffer Areas o o o
▪▪ Car and Truck Parking Lots o o
Availability of other main elements in the warehouse
▪▪ Storage Areas o o
▪▪ Staging Areas o o o
▪▪ Receiving and Shipping Areas o o
Available support services
▪▪ Offices of supervisors, receiving and shipping offices o o
▪▪ Staff services o o
▪▪ Crating and staging areas o o
Adequacy of storage regulations according to types of goods
▪▪ Manual storage (see table 3) o o o
▪▪ Mechanized storage (see table 4) o o o
Availability of adequate areas for transport equipment and swept turning circles
▪▪ Adequacy of transport equipment with the width of aisles (see table 2) o o
▪▪ Adequacy of order picking equipment for stored goods (see table 5) o o
60
61
62
4
4
Construction Conditions
within the Industrial City
Chapter 4: Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
4.1 Construction Conditions ........................................................................................................65
Design regulations for the warehouse building block........................................................................................ 65
Land Occupancy and Rates of Distribution of the Building's Elements................................................................ 65
Setbacks.......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Elevations........................................................................................................................................................66
Loading and Unloading Areas Conditions.......................................................................................................... 68
Design Conditions for Loading Docks................................................................................................................ 68
Standards of turning diameter of vehicles of different types and sizes................................................................75
Open areas...................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.2 Conditions for Building Design............................................................................................... 77
General Guidelines...........................................................................................................................................77
Facades............................................................................................................................................................77
Floors.............................................................................................................................................................. 78
Service areas................................................................................................................................................... 78
4.3 Conditions of the Site Design..................................................................................................79
Fences............................................................................................................................................................. 79
Entrances and Gates........................................................................................................................................ 79
Docks..............................................................................................................................................................80
Advertisement Banners....................................................................................................................................80
Site Landscape..................................................................................................................................................81
Contouring of the Main Road Network .............................................................................................................81
4.4 Utilities.................................................................................................................................82
Natural and Industrial Lighting........................................................................................................................ 82
Conditions and Requirements for Ventilation and Conditioning Activities.......................................................... 83
Air Conditioning.............................................................................................................................................. 83
Mechanical Activities Requirements for Air Conditioning.................................................................................. 84
Electricity........................................................................................................................................................ 84
Telecommunication......................................................................................................................................... 86
Conditions and Requirements Related to Sanitary Works .................................................................................. 87
Utility Water/ Drinking Water.......................................................................................................................... 88
Conditions for Initial Treatment before Dischargin g to the Central Treatment Facilities...................................... 88
Storm Water Drainage.....................................................................................................................................90
4.5 Solid waste............................................................................................................................ 91
Definitions.......................................................................................................................................................91
Solid waste.......................................................................................................................................................91
4.6 Environmental conditions......................................................................................................93
4.7 Fire and Explosives................................................................................................................ 94
4.8 Warehouse General Safety Requirements................................................................................95
4.9 Checklist for Chapter 4............................................................................................................... 96
4.1
Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
4.1 Construction Conditions
Design regulations for the warehouse 4. The Authority must accept an increase of
building block floor area ratio above than 1.5, based on a
There are some conditions and standards that suggestion of the investor after submitting
are related to designing the block of logistic the documents that prove to do so in the
services and that, if implemented, help create warehouse.
a better industrial environment with positive Setbacks
influence on the design of the warehouse,
1. The front setback (to the street) is not below
such as the following:
13.5 m, while the lateral and back setback is
1. The general location and the warehouse not below 6 m (including 1 m allocated for
buildings should be placed in a position the site landscape and a sidewalk of 60 cm
that allows to directly blocking the view of width around the building, except loading
service and maintenance areas as much as docks) (table 18)
possible. 2. No facility is placed in the setback area,
2. All work areas that face main streets or their except the electricity room, the main
adjacent properties should be completely interrupter room, the spare generator, the
covered with plants, trees or concrete walls guard's room, car parking lots, fuel and gas
allowing the direct blocking of the view. tanks, and are placed in the front setback.
3. Dismantled car and truck storage spaces 3. In case secondary streets are 20 and 30 m
should be completely covered with concrete wide, it is necessary to add a chamfer to the
walls. ground of 3 m from each side at an angle of
4. It is necessary to conduct a traffic study in 45 degrees (see table 26)
the location so as to meet the needs of the
projects and without causing any conflict
with the existing traffic on main streets.
5. It is necessary to provide parking lots for Land Parcel Boundaries
trucks and trailers within the location of the
6m Land Parcel
Setback Limit Boundaries with a
warehouse. 6m Distance Allowing the

Passage of Trucks
Side Road 20-30 m

6m 6m
Land Occupancy and Rates of Distribution Remaining
6m
Land
of the Building's Elements
Remaining
Land
Electrical Room
1. The built up area varies between 50 and 55% Landscape Switches
Guard Room See Zoomed Detail
at the most out of the land area and is not

13.5m
13.5m
3m
Fuel and 45°

Room of 1 m Biogas Room 3m
below 45%. Main Entrance
2. Traffic spaces, internal roads, setbacks, Main Entrance Front Road Less Than 40 m Front Road 20-30 m
parking lots space, landscape area, loading

and unloading area vary between 40 and
45% out of the land area.
3. Floor area ratio does not exceed 1.
Figure 18: How to use setbacks- on one road Figure 19: How to use setbacks- on two orthogonal roads
65
4.1 Construction Conditions within the Industrial City
4. It is possible to use the front setback as Elevations

a parking for private cars (of a maximal
1. The height of general warehouses does
length of 6 m vertically on the fence or open
not exceed 7.5 m from the ground floor to
green spaces).
the lowest point of the ceiling and at any Note:
5. It is possible to provide loading and Dimensions between spans
point of hanging fixed equipment from the
unloading spaces for trucks at the in general warehouses vary
ceiling.
minimum distance mentioned above. In between 12 and 30 meters,
2. The maximum allowed elevation of
case using car parking lots on the sides of and ceilings can reach a
warehouses is 30 m from the ground floor height of 30 m in order to
building warehouse, the distance should
to the lowest point of the ceiling and at any achieve maximum capacity
not be below 12 m, whereas in the case
point of hanging fixed equipment from the of storage
of a marshaling truck area on the side of
ceiling.
building, the setback distance is not less
3. The required distance for the movement
than 35 m from the vertical loading docks,
of order picking equipment is no less than
25 m for the diagonal loading docks at an
50 cm from the highest pallet level and the
angle of 45 degrees from the boundaries of
lowest point of hanging fixed equipment
the land parcel to the limits of the building
from the floor.
(including 6 m for the lateral setback) in
4. Elevations vary with storage systems,
order to provide space for parking and
the type of stored material, the storage
maneuvering and ensure maximum
technique, as appears in the following plan.
occupancy rate for facilities inside the
5. In special cases that require increasing the
warehouse.
elevation, it is possible to obtain a prior
approval of MODON with justification.
Engineering External Warehouse

Piping Building Envelope
Hanging Equipment
(Sprinklers System) Hanging
Equipment
50cm 50cm
(Lighting)
7.5-30m
Packed Material Palette Storage

Storage Model Model
Figure 20: Elevation conditions
66
4.1
Note:
7.5m
8m
Figure 21 shows a model
pattern for an automated
general warehouse that
includes 7.5 m height
Figure 21: Elevation in general warehouses shelves. The ceiling's height
at the lowest point of the
inclination reaches 8 m and
the distance between spans
varies between 12 and 18 m.
Note:
20-11.1m
pattern of an automated
general warehouse where
ceiling's height at the
lowest point of inclination
reaches 14 m, and where
the distance between spans
varies between 11.1 and
20 m.
Figure 22: Elevation in general mechanized warehouses
Note:
pattern of an automated
general warehouse where
structural pallets of the
building reach a height of
30 m.
30m
Figure 23: Elevations in automated general warehouses
67
Loading and Unloading Areas Conditions Design conditions for orthogonal loading
docks - back loading
1. The loading and unloading area is identified
in the master plan. The width of the vertical loading dock for back
2. Consider the easiness of car and truck trucks is not below 3.5 m.
movement within the warehouse and the 16.5m
absence of obstacles facing movement Reference
Ground Paint
12m
paths among them with the need to provide

the required distance for circulation and
3.5m
3.2m
maneuvering for trucks, namely large ones.
3. A part of the land area is allocated for
3.2m
loading and unloading activities inside Loading
Access Lift
the warehouse according to the following
conditions.
3.2m
Design Conditions for Loading Docks
Loading docks are one of the main elements Figure 24: Vertical loading dock for the back loading truck
in the beginning and at the end of any
storage process. During the design phase, it
is necessary to allow easy and safe movement ▪▪ There should be enough space in the loading
of trucks, trailers and vans and at peak docks for safe movement and truck turning
traffic. Their locations should be flexible ▪▪ When the width of loading docks reaches
enough to meet the warehouse future needs, a minimum of 3.5 mm, the movement and
while taking into account all environmental circulation of forklifts are carried out in ad-
circumstances.
ditional spaces after loading docks, due to
The main factor for the success or failure little space from the side of trucks (see fig-
of the warehouse work flow is determining ure 25-A)
the adequate number of loading docks with ▪▪ The width of cross docks that need forklifts
appropriate dimensions. The widths of (such as cool warehouses) is no less than 4
loading docks vary depending on the "angle
m, and if the movement of goods is fast, the
of the truck parking, the type of moved goods,
width of loading docks should be at least 4.5
the loading technique, and the material
handling tools and equipment. Therefore, m (Figure 25 - B)
when beginning to prepare the designs, ▪▪ Some special cases might require loading
designers should be in communication with docks with width
each of:
▪▪ Different system designers
▪▪ Consultants of mechanical and maneuver-
ing transfer equipment
▪▪ Team of storage management
▪▪ Technicians in traffic regulation 8. Cross docks are docks used for loading and unloading.
68
4.1
less than 3.5 m in order to increase the num-

ber of loading docks in the longitudinal side
of the warehouse building. In this case, it
is necessary to increase the front progress
area of 5 additional meters, which would al-
low trucks to turn.
▪▪ The width of loading docks can reach up to
5 meters for warehouses where provisional
preparation processes and marshaling op-
erations are performed at the docks (figure
25- C)
▪▪ The required distance for the truck circula-
tion and maneuvering movement is no less
than (35 m) from the loading docks knowing
that "the increase in the maneuvering dis-
tance (40 m) accelerates loading and un-
loading operations, which is recommended
for warehouses that have a fast movement
of goods.
0m 0m
5 5
10 10
15 15
20 20
5m 4m 3.5m
25 25
Minimum Depth of
30 Truck Circulation 30
Distance, Optimal
35 35
Depth
40 40
45 45
(C) (B) (A)
Figure 25: Dimensions of loading docks for back loading vehicles and
depths of movement distances
69
Design conditions for orthogonal loading

docks- lateral loading
▪▪ The width of the vertical lateral loading
dock is no less than 7 m in order to provide
lateral space to load goods from the sides.
▪▪ The required distance for the vehicles' circu-
lation and maneuvering movement should
be no below 37.5 m for artcis (16.8 m). The
distance increases with the vehicles' length,
where 42 m for drawbars should be provid-
ed that are 18 m long (please refer to the ta-
ble of sizes, weights and diameters of circu-
lation of trucks and trailers).
0m 0m
5 5
10 10
15 15
20 20
7m
25 25
30 30
Minimum Depth of
35 Truck Circulation Distance 35
40 Minimum Depth of 40
45 Trailer Circulation Distance 45
Figure 26: Dimensions of loading docks for lateral vehicles
and depths of movement distances
70
4.1
Design conditions for 45 degree inclined

loading docks - back loading
▪▪ The width of 45 degree inclined loading Required Distance 3.
5m
docks is no less than 3.5 m (figure 27) To Move Forward 3.
5m
5.3m 5.3m
Before Starting
▪▪ The required distance for the movement of
m
3.
15
The Rotation 8m
trucks and trailers is no less than 18 m from
the loading docks if it is not necessary to
7m
provide an aisle for trucks passage, other- Radius 13.4m
7.
wise the distance would be no less than 25
10.6m
45°
m (figure 28)
12.4m
21.3m
Figure 27: Dimensions of 45 degree inclined loading docks for
back loading vehicles
0m 5 10 15 20 25
0m 0m
5 45° 5
10 10
3.5m
15 15
Minimum Depth
20 Of Truck Circulation 20
Distance, Optimal Depth
25 25
30 30
Figure 28: Dimensions of movement distances for 45 degree
inclined loading docks
71
Design conditions for shared loading docks 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0m

0m 0m
▪▪ The necessary distance for the movement of 5
Entry of All
5
vehicles in shared loading docks for differ- 10 Vehicles 10
ent types of shipments, trailers and vans is 15 15

3.2m
no less than 35 m from the loading dock 20 Buffer Area
5m
20
25 25
▪▪ If it is not necessary to provide an aisle for 30 30
Minimum Depth
trucks, the distance is no less than 25 m 35 Of Truck Circulation 35
(figure 29)
Distance, Optimal Depth
40 40
▪▪ The width of the loading dock for trailers 45 Optimal Depth of Fast
Rotation Circulation
45
and trucks is no less than 5 m.

▪▪ The width of vans parking lots is no less Figure 29: Shared loading docks - common entrance for all vehicles
than 3.2 m.
▪▪ The back distance for vans parking lots is no
less than 5 m, in order to provide appropri- 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0m
ate distance to unload goods 0m 0m
▪▪ When there are two separate entrances for 5 5
vans and trailers, the depth of the necessary 10 10
distance for the movement of trucks and 15

Entry of
3.2m
15
trailers is no less than 42.5 m, given that in 20 Small Trucks

5m
20
the location where it is hard to provide this 25 25
distance on the whole land, the depth of 30 Entry of Trucks 30
the necessary distance for the movement of 35 35
vans is allowed to reach 35 m, as appears on 40

Minimum Depth of
40
45 45
figure 30. Truck Circulation
Figure 30: Shared loading docks- separate entrances for
common vehicles
72
4.1
Design conditions for loading docks activities that can be carried out at the area
▪▪ There should be an internal aisle aligned of preparation, packing, collection, super-
to the loading docks of a width of 4 m at vision of goods as well as review of work-
the least. It is prohibited to use this type ers' requests before loading and shipping
of aisles to place or move goods from the goods.
allocated area in order to organize the pro- ▪▪ Determining the optimal area for this space
visional receiving and shipping process. has a big influence on the efficiency of the
These aisles are allocated for entrance and goods delivery and shipping operation, since
exit from the loading dock area and the di- a small area might lead to crowded loading
verse areas in the warehouses, given that docks, therefore the damage or loss of goods
the width of these aisle depends on the or partition of shipments, or wrong ship-
aisle movement and transfer tools for goods ping of goods. It is possible to estimate the
(manual or mechanized); as the latter re- necessary area for this space in warehouses
quires wider aisles that use manual equip- by analyzing previous delivery and shipping
ment. Also, two-way aisles are wide than operations and expect the future growth
one-way aisles. movements, and implement them on the
▪▪ There should be an area to organize deliv- volume of goods that need to be stored in
ery and shipping (buffer area) in adjacency warehouses that are being constructed, the
to the internal movement aisle, neighbor- warehouse manager is consulted in order to
ing the loading docks in a linear manner estimate the quantities that are expected to
with a depth of no less than 6 m. This area be delivered or shipped, in order to deter-
is considered a collection point for goods mine the required buffer area and the deliv-
that need to be shipped, and includes the ery and shipping area.
Staging area 6
Cross 16.5m
Traffic
Aisle 4m
6.5m
Aisle
3.5m
4m Unloading Buffer
m
Staging area 6 3.8

15
m
3.5m
3.5m
Dock
Levler
Access
Door
Figure 31: Internal aisle Figure 32: Buffer unloading
73
▫▫Manual forklifts of 1.75 m length

3.15m
▫▫Vertical storage aisles containing
1.1m
square pallet (1220 m)
▫▫Cross aisle (1.5 m)
▫▫Main aisle (1.82 m)
▫▫Auxiliary aisle (0.8 m)
2m
▫▫Forklift of a capacity of 1500 kg and

1.6m
length of 2.4 m
▫▫Vertical storage aisles containing
1m
square pallet (1220 mm)
▫▫Cross aisle (1.9 m)
1.
9m
1.82m
▫▫Auxiliary aisle (1 m)
▫▫Forklift of a capacity of 3000 kg and
length of 3.67 m
▫▫Cross aisle (2 m)
0.8m

1.5m ▫▫Auxiliary aisle (1.1 m)
Figure 33: Lateral movement aisles and dimensions of
different lifts
▪▪ There should be dock levelers for raised ▪▪ The inclination of loading dock levelers
docks, the height of which vary according to should not exceed 10% and their depth var-
the types of trucks and trailers, whereas the ies between 2 m and 4.5 m.
height of the raised docks varies between 1 ▪▪ Dock shelters should be available to close
and 1.65 at least, provided that the leveler's loading outlets by using shutters in cool
height is a little less than the level of loading storages (please see the chapter on special
vehicles in order to prevent sliding of goods conditions for cool warehouses), when us-
towards the vehicle and avoid accidents in ing them the width of loading docks is no
case workers are located inside the vehicle. less than 3.7 m.
74
4.1
▪▪ There should be entrance stairs for people Standards of turning diameter of vehicles Note:
for each 4 -5 loading docks of different types and sizes In order to provide the
necessary protection
▪▪ There should be an canopy placed at the Standard specifications of turning diameters of the storehouse from
loading docks in case there are no doors, or (internal and external) of different trucks collision accidents
there were not within the warehouse build- should be considered when designing at the loading and
ing. The canopy’s height should be no less movement and maneuvering areas, and that unloading docks,
than 5 m from the ground floor iron poles with circle
vary according to the type of vehicle used to
sections (filled with
▪▪ The height of the canopy is no less than 6 m transport goods from one warehouse to the cement at the docks)
when there are head openings for the load- other should be placed along
ing and unloading vehicles ▪▪ Truck the canopy width (and
▪▪ The depth of the canopy is no less than 7 m. ▪▪ Trailers the corners of the
▪▪ Vans constructive structure).
Filled Pipe
2.5m 3m Wall Bumper
Concrete Filled
Pipe Wall Bumpers
Overhead Door
Dock Levler
7m 3m 4m 12m 4m Rear Trailer Trailer
Platform
Canopy
Elevation
Trailer Axle Rear Axle Front Axle

Weight
Rain Slope
Weight Weight
Length
5m
Maximum Truck
Elevation
Maximum Elevation
Of Driving Booth
1-1.6 m Truck Width
Figure 34: Illustrative design of high loading outlets with doors Figure 35: Dimensions of trucks
and a canopy in case there are no doors available
75
Movement aisles
Below is an illustrative figure for dimensions ▪▪ There should be aisles for the movement
of internal and external turning circles of a of the different vehicles in the warehouse
truck and a trailer consecutively as an example namely trucks, trailers and vans (in one
for the requirements of maneuvering and circular direction as much as possible)
circulation areas and that vary according to ▪▪ The direction of the different vehicles is
dimensions of trucks: anti-clockwise
0.52m ▪▪ It is necessary to determine marshaling
2.8m 53cm
External Turning areas and vehicle parking lots by using signs
45cm
60cm
Circle
and floor painting
60cm ▪▪ Install visual and audio communication
equipment in appropriate locations for ma-
4.5 Swept Turning
m 4.4m Circle 13.4 m
m
m
3.9
neuvering areas and loading docks, in order
9.2
9m
m9 34° .6m 2.8m

9 to maintain a regular aisle movement
4m 9.5m 33° 28° 10.5m
Turning circle 26.8m ▪▪ Provide an office to observe operations in
Swept Turning Circle the warehouse location and monitor the
Turning Aisle 180°
movement of all trucks as well as loading
Figure 36: Internal and external turning circle of a truck and unloading
▪▪ Provide two offices to monitor the opera-
30cm 30cm tions of distribution and loading when load-
ing and unloading docks are in separate
4.3m
30cm places
8m
7m
30cm 8.
5m
1.5m
5.4m Open areas
1. The front yard is used to coordinate the
5.4m
m
6.3
5m
30° 8m
7.5m 6m 15° 9m 4.5m location, and at least 5% of the land's area is
Turning circle 26.8m allocated for open areas.
2. Coordinate open areas and plant them
with permanent green trees and surfaces,
Path to 180° Path to 90°
pedestrian aisles, unexposed parking lots,
Turn Turn while studying their compatibility with
4.1m
entrances and fences.
Figure 37: Internal and external turning diameter of a trailer 3. 1 m within the setback from the fence is
allocated to coordinate the location and the
trees in order to improve the general aspect
of the storage. 1 m is also allocated around
the administration building to coordinate
the location, which is important to:
▫▫ Add an esthetic character to industrial areas
▫▫ Act as a protection factor
76
Conditions for Building Design
4.2
4.2 Conditions for Building Design
General Guidelines 4. Require strict coordination factors for the

Architectural design criteria for warehouse location that would improve the general
buildings aim at achieving two goals: the first aspect of the building and add vitality and
being to ensure a functional homogeneous void feeling to it
space and the second one is to make sure that Facades
the building is visually special in such a way as
to reflect the function of the warehouse, while ▪▪ Pay attention to the design of facades es-
taking into account the following factors: pecially in warehouses that are located on
more than one road, and that give access to
▪▪ The design is simple and modern in archi- two streets on the front or back facade, they
tectural patterns, including a various set of
should be clearly emphasized both streets.
adequate architectural materials
This is ensured through the finishing mate-
▪▪ Warehouse roofs attract visual interest, rial design sustainability of the external fa-
while being homogeneous with the logistic
cades of the site, design of banners and site
context and environment of warehouses
landscape design.
▪▪ Elevations of warehouse buildings and ▪▪ The best distance for outer openings of
neighboring buildings should be homoge-
windows vary between 15 and 25% of the
neous and gradual
wall's surface, provided that the biggest
▪▪ It is preferred to use pre-structure engineer- part of openings within southern facade is
ing steel structures that are architecturally
designed to provide adequate shading and
calculated and are lighter than regular steel
reduce the acquired direct temperature by
buildings, and are easier to modify and add.
exposure to southern sunlight
They are also more accurate in the calcula-
▪▪ Bright colored substances that are adequate
tion of expected weights on the building.
to hot environments should be used in ex-
▪▪ The economic aspect of steel buildings ternal finishing works of the warehouse fa-
and the structural cost they usually incur
cades and that are represented by:
lead to overlook the building's esthetic as-
pect. Therefore some recommendations
▫▫ Using bright colored materials on the
surface of warehouses in addition to
were prepared in order to improve the using them on facades; these substanc-
esthetic aspect of the building, which are es are less absorbent of heat, and they
the following: are also highly reflective substance that
1. Use two homogeneous colors for painting are measured by the SRI, provided that
2. Form a complete building and avoid placing the design of facade openings prevents
additional top, lateral and front parts bugs, birds, environmental pollutants
3. Add elements that hide unwanted views on such as smoke and soil from entering
the frontal facade such as tanks and others. ▫▫ Take care of facades in terms of variety
of painting colors and wall patterns
77
Conditions for Building Design
Floors 11. Cement is used for 28 days with a pressure

There is a set of general characteristics that the no less than 246 kg/cm2
warehouse floor should have when selecting 12. Reinforcement steel of a depth no less than
them: 5 cm is placed under the cement surface
13. When placing extension separators, the
1. Have enough force to withstand the relationship between them on one hand
weights of equipment and installations. and aisles and storage racks on the other
2. The floors should be highly surfaced. hand should be taken into account; they
3. Easy to install. should be parallel to the axis line of the
4. Resistant to shocks, scratch, concussions, aisle, and should be 7.5 cm away from it, as
and not conductive of heat well as far from the material handling tool
5. Mild and easy on the eye wheel trajectory.
6. Healthy and inodorous 14. When using floor reinforcing materials
7. Ability to absorb sound such as steel cooler, the equal and
8. Alignment is necessary between the floor's balanced distribution on the floor is taken
separators, support steel and ground into account.
extensions and the vehicle guidance
system as well as the requirements of aisles Service areas
between storage racks, if the warehouse 1. Minimum staff services in warehouses
design and internal classification is not should be provided: prayer room - cafeteria
determined and subject to changes. - restrooms- buffet- changing room - first
9. The thickness of the floor is no less than 15 aid room; provided that the distances of
cm of reinforced concrete these units are adequate to the number of
10. Consider the structural design of floors in workers.
warehouses especially in high facilities, 2. The ratio of individuals in the prayer room
for design purposes related to movement is 0.8 m2/ worker, and in the cafeteria 1 m2/
between aisles worker
3. The first aid room area is no less than 10m2
4. Washrooms, restrooms, a cool water
dispenser, taps and light for workers should
be ensured
5. Changing rooms (one wardrobe for each
worker)
6. It is strictly prohibited for workers or
employees to be living within the limits of
the storage floor except the guardian's room
7. Workers are strictly banned from smoking
within the warehouse.
78
Conditions of the Site Design
4.3
4.3 Conditions of the Site Design
Fences Entrances and Gates

Fences should be from all sides with square- 1. Each warehouse should have at least 2 gates
shaped metal sections according to the model with a minimum width of 9.5 m when the
adopted by MODON. gates are separated or 6.5 m when they are
The fence is composed of the following factors: adjacent.
2. Warehouse gates can only be opened
▪▪ Reinforced cement of ground beams at least to main roads when their width is 40 m
30 cm above the ground surface and based or more, after prior alignment with the
on reinforced cement bases each 5 m. Authority in order to modify entrances and
▪▪ Main iron poles each 5 m in a 6 x 10 section exits according to the models adopted by
of a height no less than 2.5 m. MODON to fit with the entrance and exit
▪▪ Iron studs in a 3 x 6 section with distances movement from and to the warehouse as
varying between 13 - 15 cm of a height no less well as the depth of entrances and gates
than 2.5 m. with the movement on main roads.
▪▪ Longitudinal iron poles are connected to 3. Each warehouse has a special gate for the
the fence with iron square or circular iron entrance of staff and workers.
beams of a 25 mm diameter. 4. The height of external doors is identical to
▪▪ The fence is painted with white/ beige/ the height of 2.5 m fences, whereas internal
grey/ black/ blue Epoxy paint that is resis- fences should not have an inferior height to
tant to air conditions. that of external gates.
▪▪ Warehouses fences that give access to roads 5. The design of the warehouse should take
into account providing special entrances for
are painted with the color associated with
people with disabilities.
the region of the warehouse and deter-
6. External gates should be designed so as to
mined by the industrial city's administra-
fit with the form of the fences, while taking
tion.
into consideration simplicity and innovation
▪▪ Put lighting on the main pole locations with in design and using modern techniques for
headlamp lighting of 100 (Watt) globes, ac- observation and surveillance.
cording to the technical standards for fences
adopted by MODON.
9.5m 9.5m
Door Door 13m
Road Road
Figure 38: Fences Figure 39: Adjacent Gates Figure 40: Separate Gates
79
Docks ternal diameter 15 and 85 cm Front and

back facade of the advertisement: Alu-
1. There needs to be a dock around the
minum cladding thickness 4 mm white
buildings of the warehouse with a thickness
color.
of no less than 60 m and a height of 15
m from the level of roads surrounding
▫▫Advertisement banner material: Vinyl
3 M to print the slogan, gradient colors
production rooms.
fixed on the cladding. Axa sticker (3 M
2. The minimum width of rings roads
beehive) Crystal cut computer (plotter)
surrounding the warehouse is 6 m.
for the names of warehouses and slo-
3. Concrete tiles, interlock, a cement or asphalt
gans.
layer are used in tiling.
▫▫Paint: Anodizing pole paint resistant to
heat, humidity and natural factors, col-
or white.
Production
Pavement ▫▫The banner is fixed on a cement base
Hall
Minimum Width 50 x 50 cm of reinforced iron reinforced
60 cm
iron Sabic 14 mm, and ready-made ce-
ment cubes of pressure 320 N handled.
15 cm
Road Level Painted stainless screws treated against
corrosion, 8 for each board.
Figure 41: Docks
▫▫The Authority places the advertisement
board through a contractor it deter-
mines, and holds the warehouse re-
Advertisement Banners
sponsible for the costs.
1. The warehouse commits to posting an
advertisement banner with the name of the
warehouse according to the model adopted
by the Authority (as appears in the photo).
Otherwise, it is prohibited to place and fix
advertisement banners on the warehouse
building or any other place, whether
the fences or the roofs of administrative
buildings.
2. The banner is made of aluminum and fits
the following specifications:
▫▫ Technical standards: Height of 275 cm
and width of both sides. Advertisement
facade 121 x 200 cm and width 245 cm.
▫▫ Structure of the banner: Aluminum
profile two pieces section 1 aluminum
pipe thickness 3 mm diameter 13 cm. Advertisement banners adopted by the
Section 2 Aluminum thickness 4 mm ex- Saudi Industrial Property Authority
80
4.3
Site Landscape Contouring of the Main Road Network

1. It is necessary to provide landscape and Facilitate the movement of entrance and exit
greenery in the site so as to form a buffer from the warehouse, so that final level height
zone between the warehouse and non- of internal roads does not exceed that of the
industrial facilities. It is possible to use road asphalt in front of the warehouse by
open areas to create natural buffer zones more than 35 cm.
between industrial and non-industrial
areas.
2. There needs to be a plant bed at the limits
The Level Different
of the fences within the limits of the land
Does not Exceed
area, at the front, lateral and back limits, of Production
35 cm the Front
Hall
a minimal width of 1 m. Internal Road
Road Level
3. The site landscape and the greening Level
process should be assigned to a contractor
specialized for this type of activities.
Figure 42: Contouring of the main road network
81
Utilities
4.4 Utilities
Natural and Industrial Lighting 8. External lighting should be connected to

an independent distribution board in the
1. Ensure natural lighting in the upper parts of
guard's room. Attention should be paid not
the work place in order to get better quality
to connect any additional loads, and in case
lighting for the work environment and
of an expansion of the factory, new circuits
reduce the cost of industrial lighting.
are added to the board or a new board is
2. The levels of lighting should be appropriate
assigned, that is controlled in the guard's
with the utilization places and should
room. The lighting of fences complies with
comply with the adopted specifications
the model design.
3. The lighting of storage areas is natural
9. An integral description should be submitted
unless the function of the warehouse
with the standards of the used lighting
requires otherwise, lighting openings
units and plugs of all types, as well as wires,
should have enough space no less than 10%
cables and distribution boards.
of the facade area. It is also recommended to
have natural lighting through the ceiling's
openings, provided that the distances Upper Side Hole
and percentages are carefully studied by
the project's engineers so that the ceiling Cross-Ventilation
Ventilation Wall Hole
opening lighting does not exceed 15% out of
the total area of the ceiling. All of this while
taking into consideration that the lighting,
be it natural or industrial, does not exceed Turbine Wind
the building's temperature. Engine Upper Ventilation Hole
4. Ensure a shading system on the Southern, Mechanical Vacuum
Eastern and Western facades of the
building, as a way to allow the entry of High Level of
natural lighting, but also to reduce the Ventilation
radiance of direct sunlight into work places.
5. Natural lighting should be provided for the Figure 43: Provide natural lighting
buildings of staff facilities.
6. The manufacturer commits to light the
fences with lighting units that are resistant
to air factors, of a minimal capacity of 100
Watts for each 5 m along the fence.
7. The manufacturer commits to light
the internal roads inside the manufacturer's
real estate with lighting units that are
resistant to air factors, and with an
appropriate capacity to nature and needs of
the factory operation system.
82
Utilities
4.4
Conditions and Requirements for Ventilation Air Conditioning

and Conditioning Activities 1. Air conditioning activities for warehouses
1. Maintain the ventilation of administrative and administrative buildings should be
buildings, service buildings, workers' buildings, equipped with a programmed control and
warehouses as well as other buildings included operating system
in the project in order to prevent air pollution 2. Air conditioning and ventilation related
and depend on natural ventilation when conditions should be considered, while
possible. performing the necessary calculations,
2. It is required to provide cross ventilation in observing the general and special
spaces where there is a possibility to place considerations stipulated in the Saudi
opposite openings, while taking into account general specification and standard
the distance between these openings. specifications as well as the conditions of
3. Openings of the buildings are studied the Civil Defense and other standards like
in order to keep up with the main wind ASHRAE or ARI, while taking into account
direction, especially when the wind holds the requirements of the NFPA system
smoke and pollutants from neighboring concerning general safety.
locations or from the same location. 3. The warehouse must not install
4. Consult design instructions for an effective independent cooling units in case district
ventilation through the criteria ASHRAE cooling and steam services were provided
6.2.1 2010 (Ventilation for Acceptable by the suppliers.
Indoor Air Quality) and CIBSE APPLICATIONS 4. It is forbidden to use separate conditioning
MANUAL (AM10) (Natural Ventilation in Non- devices in warehouses unless a prior
Residential Buildings). approval has been obtained according
5. Diversity in natural ventilation through to the circumstances of the location, the
roof openings and outlets, according to the quality of the product, the availability
nature of the void's use. of central cooling services in the city. It
is also prohibited to establish or install
Upper Ventilation Hole Upper Sunlight air conditioning devices on the external
Extended
Indirect Sunlight Ceiling Summer Winter facades of the buildings of the warehouses
South Entry or the administration.
Aqequate Summer Winter 5. It is prohibited to place central
Window
Location cooling units on warehouses roofs on the
front facade or the lateral setback. The
design must therefore offer appropriate
UV Filtered Sunlight solutions for air conditioning, by either
increasing the distance of setbacks or
Upper Sunlight
through the architectural design without
Hole-Free Low-Angle violating the conditions stipulated by this
Sunlight
article.
6. The wall sections and the outer roofs and
walls must include an appropriate thermal
Figure 44: Natural ventilation
insulator that covers the whole surface in
order to reduce the air conditioning load.
83
Utilities
7. Attention should be paid to safe operation ▪▪ Warehouses must be equipped with air
so that the system or any of its components conditioning systems and there must be
do not become a source of danger, such as an adequate environment with the type of
fire, for example but not limited to, is not a store substances in terms of preserving an
cause of the transfer of fire or smoke from adequate temperature and humidity per-
one place to another according to the Codes centage.
to control the transfer of smoke (NFPA) ▪▪ All wastes must be treated adequately be-
and the ability of the system to handle and fore being discharged to the outside in or-
control the smoke produced by fire (NFPA & der to avoid air contamination.
ASHRAE).
▪▪ All control rooms and electricity board
rooms must be equipped with air condition-
Mechanical Activities Requirements for Air
ing systems.
Conditioning
▪▪ It is required to properly treat water supply
▪▪ Ventilation rates should be for storage pur- and cooled water networks as needed.
poses as needed, provided that the follow- ▪▪ Comply with the requirements of rational-
ing conditions are met (ASHRAE): ization of electric power in ventilation and
▪▪ Special air conditioning equipment in food cooling.
warehouses should be equipped with back- ▪▪ Air conditioning equipment must be se-
up systems and filters as needed. lected according to accurate calculations
▪▪ The channel building process should be sub- and with the least consumption of electric-
ject to the SMACNA qualifications. ity. Central conditioning devices must be
▪▪ All air openings should be equipped with equipped with a control and programmed
sand traps, and all air entrances should be operating system.
covered with insect nets. ▪▪ Conditioned air curtains must be used for
▪▪ Environment pollutants including dust, doors that are constantly opened in condi-
smells, and stuck particles should be treated tioned areas.
in the internal ventilation rather than the
Electricity
roof-installed ventilation. The air change
rate required in the ASHRAE standards Electrical activities requirements
should also be achieved. 1. It is required to take into account that the
▪▪ All ventilation devices and conditioning consumption voltage in industrial cities
equipment should be designed to function is three-phased, 230/400 V, 60 Hertz, 4
24 hours and at a maximum outer tempera- wires.
ture of 50C° 2. Electrical activities must be designed
▪▪ All warehouses must be equipped with ven- according to Saudi standards issued by
tilation systems. SASO or any other world standards.
▪▪ administrative building must be equipped 3. Surrounding air temperature must
with air conditioning. be estimated at 50° C according to the
▪▪ Ventilation should be secured in rest rooms calculations of electrical activities design
and kitchens at an air change rate that is for cables and protection devices.
4. An electrical room should be provided to
not below than the requirements in ASHRAE
accommodate the company's special transformers
standards.
84
Utilities
4.4
(SEC) and comply with any modifications the quantitative capacity K.V.A. and the
imposed by the company according to the compound capacity K.B.A.
dimensions of transformers and their special 9. The above mentioned requirements are
equipment, during the design process and general requirements. In the event of a
before execution of activities. special case or special requirements, the
5. In general, it is required to comply with the investor can liaise with the electricity
following standards for transformer rooms: company in order to find solutions that are
▫▫ The room dimensions should not be less convenient to both parties.
than 4x5 for each transformer, and a min- 10. Warehouses and facilities are subject to the
imal height of 3 m, with a ground floor above mentioned conditions when loads
made of pebbles are less than 16 Mega. Otherwise, they are
▫▫ The room must give access to the street subject to special treatment and procedures.
▫▫ The room must be exposed 11. Main distribution boards should be installed
▫▫ The room must be located on a main street for the warehouse inside the model
at least 10 m wide, and in case there are electricity distribution room. The suggested
more than one street or in case the investor location for the company’s electricity room
wishes to place it on an secondary street, he must be as close as possible to this room near
can consult the electricity company to con- the high voltage cable path that supplies the
sider the possibility of doing so, provided location.
that that the width of the secondary street 12. The floor protection system must be
is no less than 10 m. described along with its various components
▫▫ The room floor level should be at least 0.30 and the standards of used materials,
m higher than the sidewalk's level. The im- while mentioning the maximum allowed
plementation of the transformers room resistance in the grounding set
should be made according to the designs 13. All special information on wiring and any
and standards adopted by the electricity additional information on distribution
company. boards should be mentioned (including
6. The first estimations for required electrical tables of symbols) while indicating the
quantities calculate the use of a rate of 70 Watt/ details of any special installments.
m2 only for lighting, plugs and ventilation (out 14. A spare source of electrical power should
of the warehouse area). be ensured for important factories in
7. The electricity company is in charge of supplying order to operate the warehouse during
industrial cities with required electrical power. an interruption of general current while
The warehouse should coordinate with the meeting the needs of connection procedures
competent company's branch on how to supply between the source and supplying company
electrical power (while mentioning the report of electrical power.
on required electrical estimations). Requirements of Electrical Power Use
8. The standardized electricity company is in Rationalization
charge of supplying the warehouse with The following requirements must be
required electrical power according to the actual taken into account for the electrical power
needs to operate production lines, provided rationalization:
that an additional extension is required while 1. Choose low consumption machines
increasing the production capacity of the 2. Order machines in optimal use
warehouse. It is also required to comply with classification
the warehouse's electrical feed requirements, 3. Use adequate thermal insulators for
steam and hot/cold air lines
85
Utilities
4. Make use of air, gas and other alternative Telecommunication

thermal recovery procedures in order to
1. Each land area is equipped with a phone
ensure energy for production operations
cable of no less than 5 lines, implemented
5. Make use of solar power and wind power
with the knowledge of the telecom company
systems if possible
and as per the adopted standards.
6. Isolate buildings from the outside, and
2. Collaborate with the telecom operator in
isolate roofs
the industrial city
7. Use colors that help increase sunlight
3. Comply with the technical standards for
reflection
internal installations to be considered when
8. Use electronic brakes and magnetic brake
developing the internal design, and that are
intensifiers in order to improve power
represented by the following criteria:
factories in gas lighting units
9. Use new modern reflectors in lighting ▫▫All wire extensions inside the building
units in order to increase lighting yield. must be invisible inside building con-
10. Use photoelectric cells to control lighting structions, and must be extended in
circle devices. adequate channels (pipes), and must
11. Use timers and void sensor devices in be enough to meet the needs of current
offices and future telecom services.
12. Distribute the lighting of one place on ▫▫Wire installations of telecom services
more than one key in order to facilitate the must be in separate channels, while
control of the cover's lighting of any part in electrical wires or any other wires
the rooms if needed. should not be placed inside the chan-
13. Design electrical circuits so as to distribute nels containing telecom wires, when
loads temporarily according the required it is impossible to provide telecom ser-
operating programs. vices to these installations by the sup-
14. Devices aiming at improving power plying company.
factories must be used with the main ▫▫It is not allowed to use other service
distribution board using the adequate circuits (other than telecom) sharing
capacity, in case the total warehouse the same wire or cable with telecom
capacity coefficient drops to 0.8. circuits.
15. Equip production lines with the electrical ▫▫Welding on wires - if necessary - is car-
power consumption measurement ried out in boxes used to extract wires,
devices. while avoiding doing them inside a part
16. The use of highly efficient and thermal of the channel’s trajectory between
qualified devices is needed. boxes.
17. Use highly efficient and low cost lighting ▫▫Wires and cables are extended to a
(such as fluorescent lamps). minimum of 4: wires and 10 cable pairs
18. Use enough openings to allow natural (inside the channel to the point of ser-
lighting. vice introduction to the building in the
location of the share connection box
or the “protector”, or the distribution
point). In case there are several sepa-
rate buildings in one warehouse, a ca-
ble is extended from each building to
the location of the mentioned box, or to
one location in the main building, then
86 extracting them to the box's location.
Utilities
4.4
▫▫An adequate number of telecom plugs Conditions and Requirements Related to

is provided with a minimum of 2 for Sanitary Works
each room. The telecom company con-
▪▪ Sanitary design must comply with the Saudi
nects the end of the buried service wire
standards or any other internationally-rec-
or the ends of the second cable pairs,
and implements the necessary connec- ognized standards (American - English- Ger-
tions in the shared connection box. man) that are adopted by SASO. The special
▫▫
The telecom company is not responsible conditions of the Civil Defense must also be
taken into account.
for providing cables or wires to connect
shared equipment or devices after the ▪▪ Utility water and drinking water tanks are
point of connection in the shared con- separate from the fire extinguishing water
nection box. tank, while taking into account the rules of
▫▫
The developer uses market-available the Civil Defense.
PVC lines with a diameter of 30 - 50 mm ▪▪ Connect water tanks to the main water sup-
to meet the future needs of telecom ply pipes in the industrial city.
wires and cables, and these lines are ▪▪ Connect the fire extinguishing water tank
only used for this purpose. to the main water supply line in the indus-
▫▫
The use of special wires is required for trial city.
telecom services as per to the adopted ▪▪ Irrigation water is in a separate network
standards by the telecom service sup- from the fire extinguishing water tank.
plying company. ▪▪ Storm water drainage is not allowed in the
▫▫
The exits of telecom services should water sewage network.
have typical plugs adopted by the tele-
▪▪ It is necessary to comply with health preven-
com company that are used with four
tion in warehouses that require so, such as
screw plugs or registered jacks (RJ 11)
food, dairy products, meat and other ware-
and use a flat surface with the wall on
houses. This means that workers must pass
the fixed service exit boxes inside the
wall. through mandatory washrooms upon ac-
▫▫
Used plugs must be of the manufac- cessing and after leaving the warehouse.
▪▪ It is necessary to separate water supply
tured type for telecom service. It is pro-
hibited under any circumstance to use pipelines from sewage pipelines.
plugs and exits used for electrical pow- ▪▪ It is necessary to provide a water treatment
er. system for solid waste before discharging
▫▫
A hole is perforated in the external fa- them in the general sewage network, while
cade of the warehouse fence wall and taking into account environment protec-
an open line from the hole to the floor's tion standards according to the document
surface is done. Then a PVC line of an in- 1401/1402 issued from the Presidency of
ternal diameter of 100 mm is extended Meteorology and Environment (PME) or any
from the end of the line to a depth of 30 other annexes.
cm inside the earth to 15 cm outside the ▪▪ Clarify the grey water treatment method
property's limits. and detail its quality
▪▪ Treat contaminated water discharged from the
warehouse before discharging it in the industrial city's
87
Utilities
sanitary sewage water network in case it Physicochemical Properties:

is more polluted than the limits and stan-
Table 6:
dards that are allowed to be discharged in
the sewage network. Drinking water physicochemical properties
▪▪ Refrain from using grey waters for industri- Property Allowed rate
al purposes. Floating materials -
▪▪ Provide ablution spaces, restrooms and PH 6-9
kitchens equipped with hot water.
Total congested solids 15 mg/ L (maximum)
Utility Water/ Drinking Water Turbidity 75 NTU (maximum)
Utility water/ drinking water is defined as the Temperature The PME studies the
imported water in the industrial city and that thermal properties of
is used to meet the needs of workers and other water allowed for each
purposes: case at a time.
1. The source of this water is usually artesian Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules
aquifers or desalinated and treated sea for Implementation, 2001
water, knowing that it is prohibited to
use the water for sale, cooling or washing Conditions for Initial Treatment before
purposes. Therefore it is required to clarify Discharging to the Central Treatment
the use of this water and the necessary Facilities
quantity throughout the year. 1. These conditions are implemented on
2. External connections of a diameter less polluted water produced by industrial
than 40 mm should be established near operations before discharging them to the
necessary valves with the general network sewage general network. Below are the
with the knowledge of the water operator in instructions for initial treatment that show
the industrial city. the maximum allowed limits for pollution
3. Collaboration with the industrial city's level in the sewage water.
operator is required. 2. The warehouse commits to set up an
4. Needs of workers inside the warehouse internal sewage network that is connected
are estimated at 30 L/individual/day. The to the general network with external
irrigation water needs inside the warehouse connections of a minimum diameter of 150
are estimated at 10 L/day/m2. mm, with the knowledge of the city water
5. Comply not to exceed the limits for health- sewage operator. The network must be
damaging materials in water, according to equipped with an initial treatment system
the standards issued by the PME: for industrial waste, and the water must
comply with the environmental standards
stipulated in the Authority's environmental
conditions guide, before discharging it to
the general network.
3. Unpolluted surface water and cooling grey
water must be discharged after complying
with environmental standards.
88
Utilities
4.4
4. Polluted water with different properties Organic physicochemical properties

must be separated in special lines, while
complying with the conditions of water
sewage and initial treatment, before Table 8:
discharging it to the central treatment
Organic physicochemical properties of untreated
facilities that are mentioned in the annex sewage water
of environmental measurements and
Properties Instructions (maximum,
procedures for industrial facilities and mg/L)
services in the industrial city issued by
COD 1500
MODON.
5. Comply with the sewage-related criteria TOC 1000
and conditions when the latter is not Oil and lubricants 120
treated by the general network, according Phenol 150
to the general environmental rules and
Total chlorinated 0.5
implementation in Saudi Arabia issued by hydrocarbons
the PME, according to the following tables
6. The sewage water quantity is estimated at
Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules
80% of the total used water quantity
for Implementation, 2001
Physicochemical Properties Non-organic physicochemical properties
Table 7: Table 9:
Physicochemical properties of untreated sewage Non-organic physicochemical properties for untreated
water sewage water
Properties Instructions Name of element 1.0
Floating materials Clear Arsenic 0.5
Total congested solids 2000 mg/L Cadmium 2.0
PH 5-10 Total chromium 1.0
Temperature 60° C (maximum) Copper 1.0
Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules Alsanid 1.0

for Implementation, 2001 Lead 0.01
Mercury 2.0
Nickel 10.0
Zinc Zinc
Source: PME, General Environmental Law and Rules

for Implementation, 2001
89
Utilities
Storm Water Drainage

1. An independent storm water drainage
network is set up and connected to the
street level.
2. No drainage pipes are allowed to be
established under the storage hall ceilings
or the electricity room.
3. Storm water network pipes must be
adequate.
4. Storm water network design considerations
are as the follows:
▫▫The inspection room bottom level must
be at least (30 cm) above the exit
▫▫Clarify the internal opening measure-
ment that is no less than (60x60 cm)
▫▫Clarify the rain sewage for building
roofs, production connections and ver-
tical drainage pipes in terms of location,
measurements and collection rooms.
▫▫ Inspection rooms must be made of
cement.
90
Solid waste
4.5
4.5 Solid waste
Definitions ▫▫Cardboard, wood, plastic, metals and

others produced by pallets or staging op-
▪▪ Storage: All operations that are meant to
erations.
preserve or contain waste or other danger-
ous, poisonous or radioactive substances for
▫▫ Solid waste produced by worker activi-
ties, including humid materials (organic
a specific period of time in order to be used, waste, rest of food), and dry materials
discharged or transferred. (plastic, metals, cardboard, paper, etc.).
▪▪ Bin or container: Any transferred and sealed ▪▪ It is recommended, as much as possible, to
recipient used to maintain or transfer haz- sort solid waste by separating humid sub-
ardous waste. stances from dry substances, and placing
▪▪ Tank: Any fixed and sealed recipient used them in separate containers in order to fa-
to maintain accumulated hazardous waste, cilitate their recycling, after the competent
made of substances like cement, iron, wood authorities have collected them.
or plastic. ▪▪ It is possible to allocate one or more doors
▪▪ Warehouse: Closed or open place that con- on the loading dock to empty waste directly
tains a number of bins or tanks that contain into a fixed or mobile waste bin. It is recom-
hazardous waste, and includes structures, mended to equip the bin with a compactor to
equipment and foundations to guarantee compress waste in case the daily produced
security and any other modifications or ad- quantity in the warehouse exceeds 30 m2.
ditions, if any. ▪▪ It is possible to place the bin inside or outside
Solid waste the warehouse depending on the followed
procedure to collect and discharge waste.
▪▪ A special area inside the usufruct limits is
In case the bin is placed on the loading dock
allocated to store solid waste. Collection
inside the warehouse, it must have external
machines are allowed to enter the location
ventilation (figure 51). In both cases, the floor
without hindering the traffic of trucks or
under and around the bin must be sliding.
any other vehicles from and or to the store-
Around the bin, there must be a minimum
house.
distance of 1.5 m in all directions, to contain
▪▪ The size of storage bins is determined ac-
the waste that might fall from the bin.
cording to the quantity of produced waste
and is estimated at 50 L per day for each 100
▪▪ It is recommended to equip warehouses of
three or more floors with waste chutes that
m2 of the warehouse (this rate is used as a
are connected to the bin in order to facilitate
general indicator for warehouses since it can
waste discharge.
differ between warehouses and depends
on the type and size of the warehouse).
This rate includes all produced waste due
to loading, separating, storage activities or
any other activities of present workers with-
in the limits of warehouse, including:
91
Solid waste
▪▪ General health and environmental safety ▪▪ These bins and tanks are placed in a ceiled
conditions must be respected in waste col- warehouse within the location according to
lection and discharge. Therefore, bins or the general health and environmental safe-
chutes must be closed and resistant to leak- ty conditions, at a minimal distance of 15 m
ages, and must limit any odor emission. from the limits of the location on all direc-
tions. The warehouse's location is chosen in
such a way as to limit environmental dam-
ages and hazards in case of leakage or any
Ventilation
Garbage Container other incident.

(Indoor)
▪▪ Firefighter vehicles must have access to the
Truck(Goods Transport)
warehouse in case of fire or in the event of
occurrence of any another incident. The lo-
cation of the warehouse is not affected by
Loading Dock
natural factors such as floods or torments;

the floor of the warehouse must be made of
cement or any other insulating material.
▪▪ In case of storing liquid substances, the
Garbage Container
warehouse must be equipped with second-
(Outdoor) ary containments surrounding the tanks or
Truck bins, and allowing spare capacity storage in
(Good Transport)
case of leakage or incident.
Loading Dock ▪▪ The necessary capacity of these contain-
ments is identical to the following instruc-
tions:
Figure 45: Location of waste bin inside and outside the ▪▪ If the pool contains one tank: the capacity is
equivalent to 110% to that of the tank.
warehouse.
▪▪ If the pool contains more than one tank: the
Hazardous waste (solid and liquid) capacity is equivalent to 110% to that of the
The PME defines hazardous waste as a type biggest tank in the pool, plus 10% the total
of waste with special characteristics that capacity of other tanks.
makes it a threat to human health and to the
environment, and that belongs to one of the
following categories: Hazardous Liquid Storage
Volume (Vst)
▪▪ Poisonous
▪▪ Highly reactive
▪▪ Flammable or explosive
▪▪ Corrosive
▪▪ Infectious and radioactive
▪▪ Hazardous wastes can interact with each
other are separated and stored in separate
bins or tanks the size of which is determined Volume of Secondary Containment
Vsc=110%xVst
depending on the produced quantities. No
Figure 46: Conditions and procedures of storage of hazardous waste
waste is stored for more than 90 days as of
the storage date.
92
Environmental conditions
4.6
4.6 Environmental conditions
The following general conditions are ▪▪ Provide safety methods according to the reg-
implemented on all types of warehouses: ulations of the Civil Defense
▪▪ Comply with complete cleanliness in all the
▪▪ General warehouse warehouse units
▪▪ Cold warehouses ▪▪ It is forbidden to use storage aisles
▪▪ Controlled humidity warehouse ▪▪ It is forbidden to consume dust and food in-
▪▪ Flammable/Hazardous warehouses side the warehouse
▪▪ Shed storage ▪▪ It is forbidden to sleep in the warehouse
▪▪ Health and environmental conditions in- ▪▪ It is strictly forbidden to smoke inside the
clude: warehouse
▪▪ The location must stay away from bad
odors, smoke, soil and other pollutants, and
must be protected from floods
▪▪ The warehouse is built from adequate and
easy to clean deaf substances
▪▪ The floor and walls of the warehouse are
made of adequate and easy-to-clean mate-
rials
▪▪ There must be marks on the floor of storage
rooms for loading dock aisles
▪▪ The design of the warehouse should be well-
sealed in order to prevent the entry of bugs
and rodents
▪▪ The warehouse must include a complete
ventilation system and must be equipped
with adequate suction fans
▪▪ The warehouse must be equipped with ad-
equate lighting at a sufficient luminous
rate that is provided with electrical lights.
It is preferred to use eco-friendly and ener-
gy-saving devices.
▪▪ It is preferred to use thermal isolating sub-
stances such as an insulator to keep the
warehouse temperature stable and un-
changed by external thermal variables, in
order to prevent excessive use of power for
cooling or heating activities.
93
Fire and Explosives
4.7 Fire and Explosives

1. It is allowed within the scope of the
warehouse to store flammable substances, Table 10:
goods or products as long as they are stored, Firefighting equipment and alarm systems in warehouse buildings
used and produced inside a protected Type Required cases
building from all sides with a resistant
1 Manual firefighting equipment
network to fire or any other method adopted
by the Civil Defense, while consulting the Manual extinguishers All situations and cases
website of the General Directorate of the 2 Fixed installments
Civil Defense www.998.gov.sa Rubber hose network All situations and cases
2. Comply with the criteria and conditions
Dry nozzle network Not required
of firefighting included in the industrial
security and safety requirements in Wet nozzle network Not required
warehouses and services in industrial cities, External nozzle network In highly dangerous warehouse buildings
for example but not restricted to (please 3 Fixed automatic systems
refer to the annex of industrial safety and
Automatic network for water Basement - in medium and highly
security in industrial facilities and services sprinklers, fire fighting dangerous warehouse buildings
in the industrial city issued by the Authority)
▫▫ The width of main aisles is no less than Automatic network for
sprinklers of other substances
Special hazardous places where water
cannot be used
(2 m) and that of secondary aisles (2.5
m) in any case 4 Fire alarm equipment
▫▫ The number of exits must comply to Manual alarm network In all situations and cases
general conditions, so that there are no In medium and highly dangerous
less than two spacious exits at the ex- Automatic alarm network
warehouse buildings, and highly
tremities of the building and on the ex- dangerous places in slightly
dangerous warehouses
ternal wall, each of them leading to the
outside, and all exits lead directly to the
outside, a staircase or an aisle protected
from fire and separated from the build-
ing by a buffer zone.
▫▫ Use firefighting equipment as stipulat-
ed the Civil Defense conditions related
to firefighting in warehouses shown in
Table 10.
94
Warehouse General Safety Requirements
4.8
4.8 Warehouse General Safety Requirements
(As per the conditions of the Civil Defense)
1. Warehouses must be adequately located 10. Lighting must be good and appropriate, Note:
far from main roads, residential buildings and placed above aisles and places that Please consult the guide
are not exposed to accidents. on industrial safety and
and other facilities. security requirements
2. Construction materials used must be non- 11. Provide fire detection devices. in warehouses.
flammable especially in warehouses that 12. Provide automatic firefighting system.
are aimed at storing highly flammable 13. Discharge waste, pack residues, and
substances. distribute cover-equipped barrels for that
3. Provide at least two storage locations purpose.
located as far as possible from each other 14. Maintain organization and cleanliness
and in two different directions. inside the warehouse and neighboring
4. Stored materials must be lined in an places at all times.
organized way, preferably on shelves.
5. Provide aisles between lines in order to
allow workers or security guards in the
warehouse to reach any point in case of a
fire, with a minimum capacity of 1.5 m.
6. The pallet's height must not reach the
ceiling's level, and the distance between
lines and ceilings is no less than 91.5 cm.
7. Stored materials especially perishable
ones must be lifted from the warehouse
floor by at least 7.5 cm.
8. Each type of substances is stored
separately in order to recognize the proper
method of firefighting.
9. All wires and electrical devices must be
secure and correctly installed.
95
Checklist for Chapter 4
4.9 Checklist for Chapter 4
Yes No Not
required
Comply with the distance percentages inside the land area according to the following rates
▪▪ Total built-up area : 50% - 55% o o
▪▪ Total movement void area, parking area, and loading and unloading area between 40%-45% o o
▪▪ Open areas for site landscape 5% o o
Comply with the following setbacks
▪▪ The front setback is no less than 13.5 m o o
▪▪ The lateral setback is no less than 6 m o o
▪▪ Refrain from establishing any facilities in the setback except electricity room, main interrupters, spare genera- o o
tor, the guard's room gas and oil tanks.
▪▪ In case there was a car parking on the sides of the warehouse building, the distance between the limits of the o o o
land area and the warehouse building (lateral setback) is no less than 12 m
▪▪ In case there were vertical parking slots for trucks on the sides of the warehouse building, the distance of the o o o
lateral setback is no less than 35 m.
▪▪ In case there were diagonal parking slots for trucks by a 45° angle on the sides of the warehouse building, the o o o
distance of the lateral setback should be no less than 25 m.
Comply with the following heights

▪▪ The allowed height for storage areas is no less than 7.5 m. o o
▪▪ The maximum allowed height for warehouse areas in the storehouse does not exceed 30m m. o o
Comply with the following conditions in loading and unloading areas
▪▪ Design conditions for vertical loading - back loading bays
▫▫The width of the vertical back loading bay is no less than 4.5 m. o o o
▫▫There must be a distance of 5 m to move forward if the width of the loading bay is less than 3.5 m. o o o
▫▫The width of cross docks is no less than 4 m. o o o
▫▫The minimum required area for truck movement, maneuvering and circulation is no less than (35 m).
96
Checklist for Chapter 4
4.9
▪▪ Design conditions for vertical loading bays- lateral loading

▫▫The width of vertical loading bay - lateral loading is no less than 7 m.
▫▫The minimum required area for truck movement, maneuvering and circulation is no less than 37.5 m.
▪▪ Design conditions for 45° diagonal loading bays- back loading
▫▫The width of 45° diagonal loading bay - back load is no less than 3.5 m
▫▫The minimum required area for truck, maneuvering and circulation movement is no less than 18 m.
▪▪ Design conditions for shared loading docks
▫▫Compliance of submitted designs with figures 26 and 27
Compliance of the site landscape and parking
▪▪ Provide parking for cars of employees and workers so that they are as close as possible to the entrance of the o o
administrative building
▪▪ Provide parking for trucks while taking into account their traffic schedule o o
▪▪ Provide trees for truck parking in order to improve general aspect o o
▪▪ Improve design the landscape and pay attention to the factory's facade o o
97
98
5
5
Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses

Chapter 5: Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
5.1 Cold Warehouses..........................................................................................................................101
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 101
Cold Warehouse Types............................................................................................................................................ 101
Cold Warehouse Conditions.................................................................................................................................... 103
Environmental Conditions..................................................................................................................................... 106
5.2 Controlled Humidity Warehousing.............................................................................................. 107
CO2 rate control...................................................................................................................................................... 107
Anti-Leakage Methods Used in the Established Warehouses .................................................................................... 107
Transform Existing Public Warehouses into Humidity-Free Warehouses................................................................... 107
5.3 Shed Storage Spaces.................................................................................................................... 108
Shed Storage Location Types...................................................................................................................................108
Service Elements for Shed Storage Areas.................................................................................................................108
Storage Spaces: .................................................................................................................................................... 109
Shed Storage-related Conditions............................................................................................................................ 109
Security and Safety Requirements.......................................................................................................................... 110
5.4 Open Storage Spaces.....................................................................................................................111
Surface Levelling Requirements............................................................................................................................... 111
Levelling Requirements...........................................................................................................................................112
Vehicle Traffic Volume and Pattern...........................................................................................................................112
Weight Requirements..............................................................................................................................................112
Paths and Aisle Planning.........................................................................................................................................112
5.5 Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses...............................................................................114
Flammable Material Warehouse Conditions............................................................................................................ 114
Material Separation............................................................................................................................................... 114
Relation to Other Buildings.................................................................................................................................... 116
Shared Warehouses (shed storage spaces and hazardous/ flammable materials warehouses)...................................117
Environmental Conditions......................................................................................................................................120
Cold Warehouses
5.1
5.1 Cold Warehouses
Introduction big structural requirements to be met. But it

is required to respect the distribution of air
Cold warehouses are facilities designed
regularly within the warehouse, as a lot of
to preserve the quality of foods, food
designs that use this type suffer from bad air
supplies, biomedical materials and
distribution inside the warehouse, leading
perishable manufactured substances
to inadequate circumstances, as the air
that need cooling. These facilities
circulation movement is either too high or too
include cooling and freezing places,
low (figure 53).
mechanized areas that can include
inspection and equipment facilities. It is possible to achieve regular air distribution
This type of warehouses can be used as by fixing unit coolers to the ceiling (figure
production, wholesale, distribution or 54) or fixing the unit outside the warehouse
retail warehouses. (figure 55) and making sure that the goods
pallet is accumulated with vertical heights
The warehouse building is often
and adequate floor distances.
designed in one floor, and the storage
areas are composed of one single
room or divided into several rooms
depending on the required sizes. All cool
rooms are usually operated at the same
temperature. Most warehouses (except
ready-made small ones) work at a
higher level than the surrounding area,
and are equipped with a special loading
slope on one or more slide, so that the
loading slope level complies with the
Figure 47: Unequal air distribution in storage area of unit
height of most used vehicles.
cooler with one fan
Cold Warehouse Types
Stores with Unit Coolers - Single or multiple
Warehouses with unit coolers are the
most used in modern cold warehouses.
This is performed by fixing unit
coolers with fans that have good
air flow properties. This type of cold
warehouses is characterized by a
low installment cost, as it contains a
relatively small percentage of cooling
gas, and the frost can be easily removed
from it without contradicting storage Figure 48: Regular air distribution
circumstances, and does not need
101
Cold Warehouses
5.1 Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses
▪▪ In small units, electrical frost removal is the

most common.
▪▪ Frost removal in unit coolers in small cold
warehouses is automatic, and is operated
with a timer. With this operation pattern, it
is necessary to arrange a schedule for frost
removal to coincide with times where cool-
ing load is low, usually at night.
Pre-Fabricated Cold Warehouses
Figure 49: Cold warehouse with unit cooler outside the main
▪▪ In this type of cold warehouses, near used
cooling area
boards and structural components, there
is a set of available equipment in the mar-
It is worth mentioning that the use of multiple ket to build small units in cold warehouses.
unit coolers in cold warehouses is better
Most complete equipment include wall and
than using big central unit coolers for several
ceiling boards, loading slope, covers as well
reasons, namely:
as cold station.
▪▪ This system gives flexibility in the case of ▪▪ For this type of warehouses a typical ex-
malfunction or defect in some of the units ample is a cold warehouse with a nomi-
▪▪ The warehouse is allowed to function nor- nal storage capacity of 200 tons, with the
mally without the need to operate all units, measurements of 12 x 12 x 6m, constructed
provided that no extra high cooling loads with isolating and supporting Polyutherane
are imposed due to products or repeated boards that are covered from the inside and
entry or exit from the warehouse. outside with galvanized steel and plastic
▪▪ It is allowed to remove the frost for each plates, as well as pre-fabricated floor.
unit gradually, which reduces the impact on ▪▪ It is required to provide cement floor in the
storage circumstances. location of the building.
▪▪ If the system used to remove frost is hot gas, ▪▪ The process of collecting pre-fabricated part
the multiple unit system is necessary so that for the cold warehouse lasts between 4 and
the used units provide the required cooling 8 weeks depending on the local circum-
load for the cooling compressor. stances.
Figure 50: Section of a pre-fabricated cold warehouse with top lift
102
Cold Warehouses
5.1
Cold Warehouse Conditions Isolation

Among the elements that must be taken into The structural entities, mechanized
account when working on designs of cold equipment and low-temperature cold pipes
warehouses: the location of engine rooms are isolated, in addition to a set of additional
and cooling equipment. The engine room factors to ensure the safety of isolation,
must be located as close as possible to the according to the requirements of the Saudi
air cooling equipment location inside the Civil Defense requirements for fire delay and
warehouse, which impedes further extension. smoke emission factors.
Therefore, they can be placed at the end of Mechanical protection for isolation system
the cold warehouse, in a location that easily
serves future expansion. Consequently, External finishing materials are used while
the engine room can be placed far from taking into account important and isolating
the cold warehouse building, and the air factors such as:
is cooled through a bridge of pipes, which ▪▪ Use chemically appropriate substances that
gives flexibility for expansions in different can be placed on internal roofs
directions. ▪▪ Comply with fire delay and smoke emission
Floors factors for used substances in internal roofs.
▪▪ The warehouse's floor is one level, in order ▪▪ Water entry is not allowed directly during
to prevent the use of slopes or stairs. The the washing process.
thickness of the floor differs according to
External Finishing Materials
the thickness of the isolating substance.
▪▪ The floor's level must be at the sewage level. External roofs must be designed so that the
▪▪ Inclinations in the floor are not allowed to building is able to withstand climate corrosive
orient flow towards the sewage, so that the factors. External finishing materials are
inclination does not contradict the work of resistant to fire, water and do not allow the
entrance of insects.
handling equipment.
Internal Finishing Materials
Doors and Windows
It is not allowed to use any internal finishing
▪▪ Windows are not allowed in the storage material that might cause pollution to the
area. stored products. All health conditions and
▪▪ Reinforced glass with metal wires is used in regulations that are adopted in warehouses
offices, equipment rooms, restrooms and by the General Authority for the Food and
changing rooms. Drug Administration must be respected. The
▪▪ Doors that open in both directions from the appearance of internal finishing materials
inside and outside are used. is secondary compared to their functional
requirements.
103
Cold Warehouses
Anti-Steam Barriers
▪▪ Anti-steam barriers are used with each
isolating process in cold warehouses in or-
der to protect them. An anti-steam barrier Sliding Door
must be provided in the warm side of the
isolating material and must be covered for
protection against damage.
▪▪ Anti- steam isolating systems are capable
of withstanding expansion and contraction
in any direction, while increasing tempera-
ture, air or steam leakage. There must be a
permeance of more than 0.1 Perm, where-
as the expected lifecycle is no less than 25
years.
▪▪ It is particularly important to comply with Horizontal Surface
the cold warehouse designs in wet climates Overlapping
since steam can cause a serious problems. Cables
▪▪ Anti-steam barriers are inclusive, cover-
ing all walls, the external roof, the internal
ceiling and the floors. They are also used in Hanging Curtains
constructed warehouses that are adjacent
to the building's wall. This is done by adding
two layers at least of an adequate isolating
material. Figure 51: Internal curtain composed of flexible strips that are used to
▪▪ It is possible to equip the warehouse's door reduce quantity of exchanged air
openings with an internal curtain made of
interlocked strips that are made of adequate
industrial substances at low temperatures Stabilizers, Sealants and Adhesives
(figure 37). This largely reduces air exchange
without impeding passage movement. They ▪▪ Materials used to stabilize isolating sub-
must be maintained in good condition, as is stances must not influence the safety of the
the case with air curtains. They must also anti-steam barrier. Adhesives and sealants
not be misused by leaving the main exter- with many layers must not be used to form
nal door open. a barrier that might lead to an internal in-
▪▪ Large warehouses are equipped with large tensification process and form a layer of
doors that can be quickly opened and closed,
frost. Also to be avoided is the use of metal
and are usually equipped with automated
sensors or keys hanging on the inside and screws as a method for stabilization.
outside. This system is considered effective, Door Heaters
since the door is opened for the least time
▪▪ They are used as needed in order to avoid
possible.
humidity and frost accumulation on the
sides. The air curtain distribution on the
sides of doors between cold areas at differ-
ent temperatures must be reconsidered.
104
Cold Warehouses
5.1
Special Equipment for Cold Warehouse Water Sewage

▪▪ Hydraulic, mechanical and electrical mod- Used in periodic cleaning operations. No
ifications for trucks, that are used in cold water sewages are allowed within storage
warehouses include two categories: aisles, in order to keep an even floor within
▪▪ First category: Special condension protec- aisles. Water sewage deviations are designed
tion, implemented on trucks operating in a under racks and not in storage aisles.
Electrical System Requirements:
temperature-changing environment inside
the warehouse. ▪▪ Electrical system requirements are summed
▪▪ Second category: includes battery heaters, up as following:
hydraulic system modifications, and con- ▪▪ Provide protected steam-resistant lighting
dension protection. Implemented on trucks installments in all cold areas.
that work in an environment of changing ▪▪ Provide an adequate lighting level in cold ar-
temperature inside the warehouse. Tem- eas at a level of 107.6 Lux at a height of 1.2 m.
peratures vary between a regular one and ▪▪ Provide electrical energy exits that meet the
-40°, or when operations are continuous, following criteria:
temperatures vary between 0° and -29°. a. Operate automatic doors.
b. Cooling equipment.
Alarm systems
c. Ship batteries for handling material.
▪▪ Cold warehouse facilities must be equipped d. Thermal alarm systems in case of
with alarm and security systems and high
temperature increase in cold spaces.
temperatures.
▪▪ Each room must be connected with an alarm Inspection Room
system outside the room and observed 24/7. Built for large activities, allowing a
Assistance is provided in the room if needed. veterinarian to inspect goods (laboratory +
▪▪ When warehouses are equipped with se- office) with a forklift truck.
curity systems, alarm systems are used to Storage Area Lift
alert in case of any unauthorized entrance
The warehouse's elevation is designed to
inside the building or the individual storage achieve optimal economic benefit of storage
rooms. loads. In case of ground floor storing, the
▪▪ Thermal alarm systems that are used to height of loads must not exceed 4.88 m.
alert to any damage in the cooling systems
Width of Storage Load Aisles
or any increase in temperature in cold areas,
within cold areas or in delivery and shipping Cold warehouses are designed so that the
offices. All cooling devices are represented width of storage aisles does not exceed 2.4 m.
by a control and alarm system board and Special forklifts are used in tight aisles in order
to reduce the width of aisles.
disjunction keys in each of the warehouse's
rooms.
▪▪ A water sprinkler is installed in all storage,
operation and equipment areas.
105
Cold Warehouses
Stabilization of Racks ▪▪ It is strictly prohibited to store house deter-

Racks are stabilized on the floor, and are not gents and insecticides in food warehouses.
allowed to be fixed on walls or ceilings. An ▪▪ Food cans must be organized in a way that
additional stabilization can be provided by makes it easy to read labels on them.
using cross racks. ▪▪ Cans must be organized from oldest to new-
est (FIFO9 )
Environmental Conditions
▪▪ In case of using mobile mechanical con-
In addition to the conditions mentioned veyors to and load transport food products
in Chapter 1, the following conditions are inside the warehouse, they must not use
specifically applied for cold warehouses:
diesel as fuel.
▪▪ In case of presence of freezers inside the ▪▪ All workers in food warehouses must have
warehouse, they must not be directly ex- valid health degrees that prove they do not
posed to sunlight. have any infectious diseases.
▪▪ Cooling and freezing storage rooms are ▪▪ Complete attention to workers' health.
equipped with highly-efficient cooling and
▪▪ Workers must wear a unified clean uniform
freezing devices and thermal measurement
during work, and it must protect them from
devices with the ability to read the results
cold in case of entering freezing warehous-
from outside the room.
▪▪ A list must be placed on the warehouse's es. They must wear special sanitized and
door showing the quality and expiry date of clean shoes to enter warehouses. Shoes are
stored food products. kept in special bins. It is strictly forbidden to
▪▪ All food products must be stored at an ad- enter with regular shoes.
equate temperature, either at the cold ▪▪ Any worker that shows ill symptoms or that
room's temperature of 4°C or at a freezing shows blisters, wounds or skin ulcers, or ap-
temperature of -18°. peared to have had a contact with a patient
▪▪ All food products must be adequately of an infectious disease must be kept away.
placed in the storehouse (like hanging fro- The manager of the warehouse must report
zen or cold carcasses. to the competent health authorities in case
▪▪ All food products must be organized so that any worker showed symptoms of infectious
they can be accessed from all the ware-
diseases.
house's parts, in non-accumulated orga-
nized queues and at adequate heights for
▪▪ The competent authorities are allowed to
better access. exclude any worker they consider a hazard
▪▪ There must be enough distance between to public health.
the stored products for air circulation so
that it covers the highest distance possible.
▪▪ Products with pungent odors must be
stored in special places.
▪▪ There must be no contact between food
products and the warehouse's walls.
9. First In First Out.
106
Controlled Humidity Warehousing
5.2
5.2 Controlled Humidity Warehousing
Humidity penetrating warehouse buildings ▪▪ Walls are not isolated, however external ex-
and storage facilities, when adopting a natural posed walls are to be double painted with
ventilation system or in case of presence of water paint that can be replaced with a 3
small gaps in the building structure, may mm- layer spray process of cement
lead to high-cost and destroying damages ▪▪ All connections in the previously formed con-
that may impact stored goods and materials crete building shall be hermetically closed
in facilities such as iron, detergents, timber,
▪▪ External intersections between walls and
paper, cardboards, paper, salt and textiles,
ceilings shall be hermetically closed
and others.
▪▪ Anti-steam barriers shall be provided on
Therefore, there’s a type of warehouses ceilings
designed to be completely isolated to process ▪▪ The design of fire-resistant doors shall take
the steam pressure and treat and control
into consideration full separation between
the humidity causes. Many systems exist
humid and dry surfaces
to withdraw humidity and criteria through
which the proper system is selected.
Transform Existing Public Warehouses into
CO2 rate control Humidity-Free Warehouses
External ventilation should be provided in There’s a number of requirements that should
humidity-free warehouse buildings where be applied on walls and ceilings to transform
liquid-oil-operating equipment, and where this type of facilities:
CO2 concentration in the air exceeds the
acceptable rate of 50 (particle in 1,000,000 air ▪▪ Remove all upper air conditioners and her-
particles). Therefore it is recommended to use metically close gaps and windows, ensuring
transport battery-operating equipment that all doors comply with structural specifica-
function, when possible. tions
Anti-Leakage Methods Used in the
▪▪ The warehouse existing doors should be pro-
vided with hems, and hermetically closed
Established Warehouses
▪▪ Stop using cargo doors and hermetically
When starting to design limited humidity close them
warehouse buildings, anti-leakage methods
and materials should be used as the following:
▪▪ Use of material-and-power-permeable
steam barriers (Permeance) equivalent to
0.1 Perm or less, to be placed on a barrier
made of soft stones, finished with a straight
surface and placed on a concrete floor.
107
Shed Storage Spaces
5.3 Shed Storage Spaces
These places consist of roofed/shed storage Service Elements for Shed Storage Areas
decks that have neither sides nor walls
They consist of available amenity services
(canopies), and have full elevation. All kinds
provided so as to be adjacent to the storage
of service utilities are provided for this type
area, mainly including office and restroom-
of warehouses such as water, power, natural
dedicated spaces as part of the space
gas in addition to workforce requirements
determined for the storage area. These
and fire prevention. This type of warehouses
elements are distributed as the following:
is used to store materials requiring maximum
ventilation, or materials not requiring full ▪▪ Supervision Office: the location of which
protection of weather conditions. Their shall be within the covered warehouse where
location can be determined following the the maximum of interaction is provided with
function identified and the surrounding the shaded area, staff services, operations
conditions of the site. area, car parkings and other services
Shed Storage Location Types ▪▪ Staff Services: These services are based on
the required number of employees and
There are several types of shed storage
locations or canopies namely: workers, and on the interaction with ware-
house-support systems. Among these ser-
▪▪ General Purpose Shed: where the minimum vices: changing rooms and restrooms that
service utilities such as power plugs to op- vary in terms of area and extent. In addition
erate power-functioning devices, and basic to these services a covered area should be
lighting equipment are provided provided having a moderate temperature
▪▪ Transitory Shed: temporary deck consisting that is in line with the various prevailing
of pre-fabricated dismountable structures weather conditions, whether hot, humid or
that can be recollected to be relocated. This cold area.
deck can be placed on a reinforced con- ▪▪ Additional Services: that should be provid-
crete-made panel ed as needed, such as the inspection, clas-
▪▪ Flammable/ Hazardous Materials Shed: sification and staging room, parking, truck
this is where gas cylinders and hazardous and vehicle maintenance areas, in addition
material barrels are stored. This type of shed to other service elements that should be
is provided with ceiling-hung fans and up- provided in covered warehouses.
per water fire-fighting sprinklers.
108
Shed Storage Spaces
5.3
Storage Spaces: 2. Accessibility: should be provided from all

Storage spaces are divided into main areas sides in case the stock consists of hazardous
through which materials are separated one contents, in a way to be open from all
from the other for further security and safety. sides or from one side only; and should
There are two types of shed storage surfaces: be designed for cars to store construction
Enhanced surfaces and semi-enhanced materials. Entry point requirements are to
surfaces that should be provided with the be identified in line with the site and the
proper materials, so as to ensure the adequate function dedicated to this type of storage.
capacity to carry various loads and control 3. Water Drainage: for the shed area and the
water drainage. neighbouring open areas to protect the
structural structure safety of the storage
a. Treated Surfaces: Impermeable surface
surface and prevent water flow when
requiring careful attention regarding water
weather conditions deteriorate
draining requirement and streams
▫▫ Portland Cement Concrete: Concrete
4. Vital Facilities: These are the basic utilities
that should be provided such as drinking
surfaces providing a solid basis for
water, wastewater, power facilities, as
heavy weights. Cement can be used
needed, for lighting and fire fighting
when traffic is intensive or when imper-
purposes
meable surfaces are required to be in
5. There might be a need for water to carry on
line with oil leakage risks
▫▫ Asphaltic cement surfaces similar to
cleaning operations for stored materials
devices upon delivery or shipping, and to
Portland Cement Concrete, with a lower
clean storage/ handling devices. Cleaning
cement strength
water may become polluted with petroleum
b. Partially treated surfaces are not
products; in that case water should be
recommended for shed storage unless the
contained and handled in a specific way.
structural building is considered temporary
6. There might be a need for electric power for
Shed Storage-related Conditions devices used in staging processes in storing
areas or any process required by dedicated
1. The canopy form and dimensions are
devices in storing/ handling operations
determined by the project and site
7. The need for internal and external
requirements, where the length to the
telecommunication system shall be assessed
width ratio should not exceed 3:1 in case
based on the establishment planning, size
of existence of filled gas. The length could
and site.
reach 183 m in case storage canopies were
dedicated for vehicle and truck storage.
109
Shed Storage Spaces
Security and Safety Requirements

Materials or devices stored in shed areas
require a series of prevention measures as the
following:
1. Provide adequate walls in line with
urban requirements (kindly refer to the
Warehouse Construction Conditions
Chapter)
2. Provide lighting from (5-10) lux in open
areas surrounding the shed areas, with the
possibility to increase lighting intensity to
meet security requirement when needed
3. Covered storage areas design elements
should be assessed in light of the natural
factors such as solar movement across the
year, the wind direction, and precipitation
4. Storing humidity and high temperature-
sensitive devices and materials requires
the use of special packing materials and
periodic inspection operations
5. Provide systems to contain leakage
occurring outside shed storage areas due
to stored barrels, by providing an exit
in docks (slope) that allow the access of
material handling devices and firefighting
vehicles, so as to be able to contain as
much as possible the leakage equivalent
to 10% the size of the stored liquids.
6. Provide upper water sprinklers similar to
sprinklers used in covered warehouses.
Similarly, all doors leading to neighbouring
buildings are equipped with water pipes
or anti-water flow barriers.
7. Shed storage areas should be separated
from hazardous material storage areas
in neighbouring warehouses through a 4
hour-fire-resistant wall designed to have
holes in it. Place these walls between
the stored gas cylinders and hazardous
content barrels.
8. The upper part of the wall shall remain open
with a distance of not less than 91.5 cm.
110
Open Storage Spaces
5.4
5.4 Open Storage Spaces
Open Storage Places are a type of warehouses ▪▪ Untreated Areas: These areas were not sub-
used to store goods that do not require ject to any land leveling or water drainage
comprehensive protection. These places are process and are not covered with land solid-
either treated, partially treated or semi-treated ification materials, in this case they can be
and do not require the provision of any cover classified as untreated. Ground lines do not
to the stored materials. Entrances applicable allow goods storage with heterogeneous
for general warehouses are provided as all the
elevations. When the ground is not leveled
required service facilities should be provided
and is not provided with water drainage,
to receive and load goods.
some collected water areas may emerge
▪▪ Treated Areas: these areas are thought to be which would weaken the soil, making these
the most flexible areas used to store goods, areas among the unpreferred areas for
as the site is surveyed to check for the vege- goods storage, ie. among open areas for not
tation and ground gradient, and is provided having intensive capacity to store and easily
with the appropriate wastewater system, enter storage areas.
then treated to become a solid surface. This
Surface Levelling Requirements
area allows the storage of a number of el-
ements that cannot be stored in untreated Paving Type Selection depends on factors
areas due to the increased tolerance capac- that affect open and treated surface
ity and a high control capacity on surface paving requirements, including: vehicle
flow. Materials used for land levelling, are specifications, traffic volume and traffic flow
pattern, material accessibility, and stored
the concrete panel and the asphaltic paving
material weight requirements.
among others. Crushed and levelled pebbles
are also used, however it is less adequate for The types of surfaces used recurrently for
having lower capacity to resist loads. treated storage areas are: solid paving and
▪▪ Partially Treated Areas: These areas are concrete paving (Roller Compacted Concrete
Pavements RCCP). And selecting a pavement
very similar to treated areas in terms of
type is closely linked to the use of requirements
land levelling and water drainage; no solid
mentioned above.
ground is available for these areas such as
in enhanced areas The solid paving can be applied where long-
term permanent concrete panels are used, as
they are capable of resisting large loads and
are not affected by the natural fluctuation of
temperature degrees across the year. The type
of pavement does not require high workforce
in terms of production; and this method is
often the mostly used land levelling method.
111
Open Storage Spaces
Levelling Requirements circulation paths in loading and unloading

The levelling thickness and load is determined areas. These plans also provide easy access
by the driving wheel load, the number and to any storage area, and ensure maximum
the setting of wheels in each vehicle, the efficiency in terms of service utilities use of
wheels contact pressure and contact area. these paths. Storage paths in open areas are
And given the various paving requirements, a type of road given the large dimensions of
the effort made in the construction and mechanical delivery and handling equipment
the maintenance could be bigger to a large available. Therefore, key storage corridors
extent than any vehicle with an equal loading should be placed in a linear direction of the
capacity. storage area, while lateral circulation corridors
are perpendicular with main corridors, where
Vehicle Traffic Volume and Pattern the actual storage area takes a rectangular
The traffic volume is a key consideration based form. Main aisles should be in large open
on which the land levelling and the related storage areas, to be equipped by rotation with
thickness will be selected, it is necessary to a double aisle that accommodates vehicles
conduct a comprehensive study showing that can load goods on one aisle.
the number of trips and traffic operational
patterns of all vehicles. Choosing the stored
materials affects the selection of the type and
Block 1
thickness of pavement.
Weight Requirements
The pavement loading capacity is mainly Road
determined by the elevation and the extent
Passage
available to stock goods, or the maximum
load that can be unloaded on a specific area.
Main Passge Block 2
The pavement type and thickness depends
on the storage requirements, whereby the
temperature in the summer may affect most
flexible pavement surfaces. In addition, a bad Road
execution of the foundation or part of the
Passage
foundation may lead to lowering the paved

surfaces given the weight of the loads. Main Passage Block 3
Paths and Aisle Planning Stored Goods
Open storage areas require experts capable
of providing plans appropriate for storage Road
aisles and circulation paths of the materials
to be stored in a specific area. Generally, the Figure 52: Illustrative example of open storage spaces
type of material stored in addition to delivery
and handling equipment impose specific
dimensions that need to be used when moving
materials. And having movement aisle plans
in open storage areas provide straight storage
112
Open Storage Spaces
5.4
Car length 8.6m 9m
Slide Inclination
6m
Tolerance 15%
Platform
2m
Figure 53: Lateral loading platforms
1.2m
Slide Tolerance Inclination

Platform and 15%
10m
Loading Setting
Figure 54: Back loading platforms
113
Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
5.5 Flammable/ Hazardous Material Warehouses
These warehouses consist of storage areas a. The storage area is to be designed so as to

designed and built as per the standard prevent surface or underground pollution
references of hazardous or flammable in case of leakage, placing each category of
materials storage that may be dangerous for materials in a total separate place
the health, environment and property. They b. When storing acids or liquid caustic
may be used to store flammable materials, materials, a vehicle where the driver’s seat
acids, caustic or burning materials, oxidized is elevated should be used, or liquids should
materials, materials interacting with water be stored on the floor for them to be stored
and other materials thought to be hazardous. within the vision level of the operator.
Hazardous material storage facilities are ▪▪ Power-operating material transportation
designed and built so as to provide protection equipment is the unique type of equipment
from material, health and environmental allowed to be used in flammable and haz-
hazards that may results. Storing and ardous material storage areas. In this case
handling these hazardous materials should be Electrical Equipment (EE) are used whereby
limited to premises or parts of premises that all electrical devices are completely turned
meet the requirements set in this section and off. The use of EX-type vehicles designed
to which a set of special conditions apply.
and assembled to be used where there’s
Flammable Material Warehouse Conditions steam, dust and flammable fibres might be
▪▪ The NFPA standards shall apply on the de- required while checking the need for any
sign and construction of hazardous materi- additional requirements that may be im-
al storage facilities posed by specific storage conditions.
▪▪ Storage and processing of hazardous ma- Material Separation
terials should not be made in mixed-use
▪▪ Provide separated storage areas for mate-
buildings
rials with incompatible hazardous specifi-
▪▪ Planning and designing warehouses should cations. There are six flammable/ hazard-
consider the possibility of incompatibility
ous categories of materials that must be
between hazardous materials, as these de-
accommodated in separated storage areas
signs are subject to considerations that are
provided within the flammable/ hazardous
related to the types of stored materials, each
material storage premise. There are other cat-
material separately. The structural design
egories that could be found in some designs
and fire control system should obtain the
and that require additional separated storage
civil defence approval, after conducting a
areas, and composed of the following:
safety analysis on the system and as per the
civil defence requirements.
▪▪ The storage requirements should be consid-
ered when designing hazardous/ flamma-
ble material warehouses as the following:
114
5.5
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Water-interacting materials

▪▪ Liquids are identified as per NFPA code 30, These materials interact with water and steam
the same as any other matter with liquidity or with water solutions to produce flammable
exceeding 300 degrees to penetrate asphalt, gas, toxic gas, explosive gas and heat.
when testing them as per the asphaltic ma- Flammable gas-producing materials include
terial penetration test. calcium, cobalt, hydrides, lithium, potassium,
▪▪ Flammable liquids having a flash point of rubidium and sodium bullion. And explosive
gas-producing materials include arsenides,
less than 38 degrees, and a steam pressure
borides, nitrides, phosphides, carbides,
that does not exceed 275 (kilopascal) in 38°C.
selenides, silicides, sulfides, and tiliorides. As
▪▪ Flammable liquids have a flash point of 38 for heat- producing materials, they include
°C or above. non-water acids, concentrated acids and
Acids concentrated alkalis. It is necessary not to use
water-based firefighting systems in water-
Acids, acidic fog, gas with arsenides, borides, interacting material storage areas. In this case
carbides, cyanides, fluorides, phosphides, carbon dioxide or halon fire extinguishers
selenides, silicides, sulfides, sulfate, tiliorides would be acceptable.
interact to generate poisonous vapors. These
materials liberate hydrogen when in contact Caustic or Burning Materials
with metals and hydrides. Caustic materials or alkalis may liberate
Oxides hydrogen when contacting aluminum, as
they do not comply with acids and must be
Oxidized materials are solvable chemical isolated from acids to ensure safe and efficient
materials under specific conditions to produce operations.
oxygen. These materials may generate fire
when in contact with flammable materials Organic Peroxides
and highly interact with water when in a fire. Organic peroxides should be stored in
Typical oxides include the following organic separated warehouses, totally isolated from
and non-organic peroxides, permanganates, other materials.
chlorate, perchlorate, sulphates, organic
and non-organic nitrate, bromates and Separation Requirements
ultrabromate, chromate and bichromate. The following separation requirements shall be
Toxins provided in hazardous material warehouses:
a. Acids must be isolated from other materials,
Toxins are materials causing poisoning- including chemical materials inside erosion-
caused death through the respiratory causing material area
system. In unfavorable conditions such as b. Isolate flammable liquids from acids and
spill, leakage, fire or mis-ventilation, some oxides
materials or common chemical compounds c. Isolate organic acids from oxides
such as ammoniac are considered toxic. d. Isolate oxides from all flammable and
combustible liquids
115
Water Oxidizers Caustics Barrel-packed petroleum, oil and lubricant

React. products
Barrel-packed petroleum products, oils, and
lubricants with a flashing point exceeding
Office Poison Acids Flammables 38 C° can be stored in a level higher than the
ground floor (mezzanine) or in open storage
facilities with hermetic dockings and sand
Docks Flammables
bags/ dams or ponds to contain any accidental
leakage. Filled petroleum , oil and lubricant
products can be stored in outdoor warehouse,
Poisons Water React provided that barrels are made of erosion-
resistant or thermally galvanized materials to
Docks. Office
remain protected from erosion.
Other Other materials
Hazardous Flammables
Materials Dry erosion-causing and other materials
Corr. that are subject to control, in addition to
radioactive materials with no other hazardous
Oxidizers Corrosives effects, can be stored in public warehouses.
Other radioactive materials should be stored
Oxy. Flammables
in specific and separated areas.
Figure 55: Plan showing how to isolate hazardous and Relation to Other Buildings
flammable materials ▪▪ When indicating site requirements, neigh-
bouring buildings and potential exposure
Tight Gas Cylinder to hazardous materials is to be taken into
consideration
Tight gas cylinders are to be stored for
flammable and non-flammable gas, and for
▪▪ A buffer area of at least 15.2 m should be
gas classified as oxides in level higher than taken into consideration between the ware-
the ground floor (mezzanine) and not in house and the nearest residential area,
flammable/ hazardous material warehouses. stream or water surface
Small cylinders placed in trunks and forming ▪▪ Fire sector in flammable liquid and other
an integral part of other equipment can be hazardous material warehouses should not
stored in flammable/ hazardous warehouses, exceed 1858 m
if not properly separated from non-compliant ▪▪ Flammable/ hazardous material warehouse
materials. building elevations should not exceed 7.6 m
116
5.5
Shared Warehouses (shed storage spaces and ▪▪ Floor: a non-absorbable, non-slippery ac-
hazardous/ flammable materials warehouses) id-and-erosion resistant wrapping layer is
to be used for all storage area floors and
▪▪ When hazardous/ flammable material
flammable material warehouses
warehouses are combined with shed stor-
▪▪ Washrooms and eyes washing stations:
age spaces, a 4 hour-lasting fire-resistant
emergency restrooms and eye washing sta-
wall should be provided to separate be-
tions are provided within 30.5 m of the ar-
tween both storage areas. The warehouse
eas exposed to potential leakage within the
and shaded area ground level is to be the
facilities
same, while providing drainage channels to
▪▪ Ventilation: for each storage area found
contain accidental leakage. Accessing the
in each of the hazardous material catego-
roof should be from the warehouse basin
ries indicated in table 11, there’s a related
rather than the storage area
separated ventilation system. Controlled
▪▪ Construction: ceiling materials should be
ventilation systems should be continuously
indicated as being thermal-expansion and
provided, while preventing accumulation
torsion resistant to avoid the ceiling de-
of exploding steam. The ventilation ratio
struction in case of fire (table 11)
should be as the following: the actual re-
▪▪ Structural elements: structural elements
lease hole to the floor distance should be
shall not be combustible
at least 1:30, using roof-ventilation holes
▪▪ Fire- resistant walls: providing 4-hour-last-
or other appropriate ways. Provide the me-
ing fire-resistant walls to separate non-com-
chanical air movement with the minimum
pliant storage areas from other uses and
of 6 air hourly replacements for each indoor
contain fire areas. Outer walls may be clas-
warehouse. The ventilation system should
sified as 2-hour-lasting walls.
be linked to the room lighting key, air provi-
▪▪ Doors: fire resistant doors, either rolling or
sion and steam extraction system from the
sliding, should be made of steel. Whenever
floor and the ceiling. Air streams, fans and
possible, it would be better to avoid having
other parts of the system used to release
doors on fire-resistant walls, metallic doors
erosion-causing materials from the ero-
are to be provided for staff
sion-resistant building.
▪▪ Explosion release: in storage areas classi-
fied as separated rooms or annexed build-
ings, and where class 1-A (NFPA-30) liquids
are stored in 3.79 L containers, the wall or
Permanent
Louvered Electrical
the outer surface is to be designed for the Openings
Special
Lights
explosion release, such as low-weight walls Water

Sprinklers
and ceilings with roof-hole or windows to
release explosions. NFPA 68 standards are
used and they include requirements for Floor drain
Wall
Scupper
those two types of warehouses.
Figure 60: Cross section of
flammable storage warehouse
Figure 56: Illustrative section of a fire-resistant material
warehouse
117
Table 11:
General Requirement of Hazardous Material Storage Facilities
Site Requirement Electric Requirement Construction Material Fire Protection
Ventilation Explosion Erosion Type as Fire Non Erosion Drainage Sprinkler Explosion
Resistant Resistant per NEMA resistance absorbable Resistant channels density release
Gallon per
minute per
square feet
(L/s/m2)
Offices Positive pressure No No 1 Yes No No N/A 0.16 (0.10) No
Restrooms Positive pressure No No 4 Yes No No Wastewater 0.16 No
sewers (0.10)
Machine room Positive pressure No No 1 Yes No No Wastewater 0.16 (0.10) No
sewers
Acidic material Negative pressure No Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 (0.23) No
Caustic materials Negative pressure No Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 (0.23) No
Interacting materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Dry Yes
Oxidized materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 (0.23) No
Flammable materials Negative pressure Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 (0.23) Yes
Other controlled materials Negative pressure No No 4 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.35 (0.23) No
▪▪ Protection from lightning strikes: protect- And as per NFPA 30 standards, the basin
ing structures from lightning strikes as per should at least have the size of the largest
NFPA 78 quantity of liquids that could be released
▪▪ Alarm devices: provide hazardous chemical of the largest storage container within the
material storage areas with alarm devices area surrounding the pond.
indicating leakage or spill of stored chemi- ▪▪ Ground trenches and containment systems:
cal materials a ground trench with a grid barrier is to be
▪▪ Contain and control spills: ways should be used at each entrance to contain and con-
provided to contain and eliminate spill, trol hazardous chemical spills. All spill-con-
when relevant tainment systems ensure containment
▪▪ Basins: basins are used to contain spills of stored through fixing channels supporting the grid
goods or those handled outside the buildings. frame on a concrete floor.
118
5.5
▪▪ The grid design provide the capacity to lock ▪▪ Electronic-guiding cabling: when an un-
liftable interlinked sections in aisles and derground electronic-guiding cable is used
shipping doors to ensure that grids remain to guide materials transportation vehi-
in place when moving material transporta- cles through trench grids passing through
tion equipment above them. The cross-sec- aisles or shipping doors, non-magnetic bar
tion of the parts forming the grid frame sections are used extending for at least 6
should take a “Z” letter form rather than inches (150 m) at each side of the cable path,
“L, and placed in a way that both the letter in a way that does not harm the magnetic
“Z” legs form the grid pocket and the third field of the guiding cable by inserting cables
leg remain horizontally at the floor level, as through iron or magnetic bars. Or other-
shown in figure 35. This aims at protecting wise, open drainage channels are used and
the cement borders around the grid frames the guiding cable is used below them, cover-
from the damage that may occur from ma- ing the guiding cables through iron or mag-
terial transportation vehicle wheels. netic bars or drainage channels.
▪▪ Staff exits: staff exit door should be lifted 6
Iron Frame inches (150 mm) above the floor to avoid the
leakage of spilled liquids. Where the trench
Hole passes next to staff exit door, steel panels
Excess of
The Hole Section A-A Cement Dock are to be used instead of the grid to avoid
any fire in the trench leading to the blocking
Drainage Channel, Section B-B Drainage Channel of the exit door.
Contingent Hole
B AB
Hole
▪▪ Floor setbacks: when needed, and for spe-
A cific design purposes, or for containment
Containment Area Containment Area
purposes, internal storage floor surface
setbacks should be of at least 6 inches (150
Boundaries Storage Carriers Boundaries
mm) below the warehouse basin, neighbor-

Exit Door Raised
6"
Covered Hole Ground Level
ing back-office or areas to prevent the flow
15cm above floor Capacity 1.3 m Stream
of hazardous liquids spilled in these areas.
3
Figure 57: Illustrative plan of the drainage system Across these areas, slopes must be provided
at the entrance of vehicles. This method is
not encouraged for not being operational-
ly efficient, and for the resulting addition-
al surface requirements of the mentioned
slope.
▪▪ Containment: Use of grid-covered internal
gutters with 350 gallon capacity (1323 L) in
addition to a trench system ensuring spill or
leakage containment for less than 1000 gal-
lon (3785 L) or 10% of the total spilled liquid
119
Automatic Water Lighting

across all container in each room. Provide a Fire-Resistant
Sprinkler
Internal
containment capacity of 1000 gallon (3785 Divisions
L) in the truck path adjacent to the shipping
and receiving area. Introduce a controlled
3.00
flow system to block the entry of spilled or
leaked materials to the stormwater drain-
age system, stream or any other water body. Figure 61: Cross section of
Figure 58: Sprinkler system
typical in anbuilding
acid storage acidic material storage
▪▪ Drainage: establish platform shelves (pal-
warehouse
ette goods) and the related mechanic vehi-
cle guiding systems to ensure smooth flow
of leaked liquids to collection trenches. Pre- Environmental Conditions
serve floor surfacing requirements. Floor
gutters should not be established in storage In addition to the conditions mentioned in
areas in flammable/ hazardous warehouses chapter one, the following conditions apply on
▪▪ Immediate firefighting systems: provide all flammable/ hazardous material storehouses
areas with immediate firefighting systems Flammable Material Storage Conditions:
▪▪ Design requirements: the system design
should meet the low-expansion foam sys- ▪▪ The storehouse should be equipped with
tem and compound mediums criteria re- firefighting devices and equipment that are
quirements, namely: NFPA 11, NFPA 12, NFPA adequate to the allocated space and the na-
13, NFPA 30, NFPA 231, NFPA 231 C, CFR 29 and ture of stored materials. Chemical material
section 1910. storehouses are to be equipped with an im-
▪▪ The demand on sprinkler water is based on mediate firefighting system given the high
a hydraulic system design. Sprinkler nozzles risk.
must be appropriately chosen to be placed
in erosion-causing environment. Water
▪▪ Doors and holes available at joints should
-interacting material storage areas are pro- be fire-resistant and should permanently
tected by providing them with a 1310 Bromo- remain locked, or to be of the automatical-
trifluoromethane or carbon dioxide-based ly-closing type when a fire occurs not to be a
firefighting system (halon). When using way for the fire to spread.
dry system (without using water),loud ▪▪ A periodic inspection should be conducted
alarm devices must be provided operating on electric structures and equipment to
30 seconds before activating the system. ensure safety and prevent the occurrence
The automatic alert of the local firefighting of any electric damage as a result of the
management should be provided when ac- warehouse extended electrical structure
tivating the system.
malfunction
▪▪ Sprinkler control: control to indicate sprin-
kler sites through the use of the striated me- ▪▪ A periodic maintenance for devices and fire-
chanic pipes rather than the geared pipeline fighting equipment available in the ware-
accessories as shown in figure 21. Please call house should be conducted. These should
the maritime project NAVSUP to use the be hanging in an accessible place.
warehouses for guidance on specific appli-
cations
120
5.5
▪▪ The size of the container and charge should Solvents and Toxic Material Storage Conditions
not exceed the acceptable limit, which in- ▪▪ Solvents and toxic materials should be
dicates the capacity and chemical material stored in special containers marked in writ-
flammability. ing to indicate the name of the material
▪▪ Flammable liquids such as gasoline, fuel oil, and the degree of toxicity or hazardousness,
dyes and others, should be stored in spe- in addition to the precautions to be taken
cial containers and marked in writing to while using or handling them or even open-
indicate the content and the flammability. ing these containers
These containers should be stored in areas ▪▪ Store toxic materials in a way that prevents
specially designed and allocated for this its spread in case of spilling or leakage, in
purpose. safe areas where no one is allowed access
▪▪ Appropriate chillers should be used to store under no circumstance
volatile material ▪▪ Chemical materials should not be exposed
▪▪ The need to provide and use safe light- to direct sunlight or local heat
ing for electric devices and pipelines to be ▪▪ Storehouses should be provided with respi-
fire-resistant and avoid the occurrence of ratory system protection devices, protection
electric spark that could lead to a fire within gloves and safety eyeglasses
stored materials ▪▪ Workers in these storehouses should get
▪▪ Containers should be provided in large acknowledged with how to use these equip-
charge storage areas, with not less than 15 ment and how to protect themselves from
cm high to contain liquids in case of spill- potential risks
ing, taking into consideration not to fully fill ▪▪ All information and instruction indicated
charges. on container must be carefully read, while
▪▪ Guidelines should be indicated on how to ensuring that all the written necessary pre-
use firefighting equipment and how to be- cautions have been taken before moving
have in case of fire, what path to take and the container from one place to another or
how to evacuate in case of emergency. before being handled.
These guidelines should be placed in an ▪▪ Emergency shower and eyewash-equipped
apparent place until easily recognized and places should be provided in warehouses to
memorized. be used in the event of a worker using a toxic
▪▪ Safety data are preferably to be provided material during working hours
(MSDS10) for each product available in the
warehouse
10. Includes 2.44m increase of the container or the fixed part and changes
according to types of tires and height of structural fram
11. • Truck width does not include side-view mirrors, which would add
up to 31 m at most
121
Tight Gas Storage Conditions

▪▪ Cylinders should be painted differently de-
pending on their content
▪▪ Each cylinder is marked as empty or full and
should be easily identifiable
▪▪ The name of the material written inside the
cylinder is to be written clearly on the cylin-
der body
▪▪ Oxygen cylinders should not be stored in-
side buildings and in the same room as
Acetylene or fuel cylinder unless totally
isolated from each other by a fire-resistant
barrier
▪▪ Cylinders should be placed vertically and
tightened with chains. It is strictly prohib-
ited to roll or slide them horizontally, and
should be moved in specially-made vehicles
▪▪ The protective cover should be placed above
the cylinder valve to protect from damage
▪▪ Valves of stored cylinders should be closed,
whether they’re full or empty
▪▪ No oils or lubricants should be used when
tying something upon cylinders
▪▪ Flammable and toxic gases storage should
be made above ground level and it is not al-
lowed to store them in tunnels
▪▪ Interacting gases are to be separated or
isolated from each other with sufficient dis-
tance
▪▪ The path to cross to arrive to the cylinders
should be free of obstacles so they can be
easily closed when any emergency occurs
▪▪ Staff deployed to work on tight gas, are re-
quired to be knowledgeable of storage and
handling rules and the related emergency
procedures.
122
123
6
Sustainability in Warehouses
Chapter 6: Sustainability in Warehouses
6.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 127

6.2 Material Resources Efficiency.....................................................................................................128
6.3 Building envelope......................................................................................................................130
Walls...................................................................................................................................................................130
Rooftops..............................................................................................................................................................130
Windows and Glass Usage Rate..............................................................................................................................131
Envelope Openings............................................................................................................................................... 132
6.4 Potable Water........................................................................................................................... 133
6.5 Optional Requirements..............................................................................................................134
Green Buildings Certificates................................................................................................................................. 134
Low-Carbon Renewable Energy Production............................................................................................................ 134
Introduction
6.1
6.1 Introduction
Sustainability and resource conservation are MODON encourages owners and investors to
currently considered the topics of the hour take sustainability seriously though incorporating
and their inclusion in facilities’ development, sustainability principles in design and development
design, and management leads to savings of industrial facilities, and respecting recommended
in energy consumption and conservation of standards and requirements.
natural resources, in addition to creating a
better work and life environment.
A sustainable warehouse design has the below
benefits:
▪▪ Achieving efficiency in facilities and build-
ings’ design and reducing energy consump-
tion;
▪▪ Rationalizing potable water consumption,
thus contributing in reducing sewage water
production and its treatment and transport
cost;
▪▪ Improving buildings’ internal environment,
through a series of important benefits such
as better air quality, adequate internal tem-
perature, management of sun glare and
daylight, etc.;
▪▪ Reducing negative impact on external envi-
ronment, including less harmful gas emis-
sions and water and air pollution, and wa-
ter consumption;
▪▪ Achieving higher revenue on the medium
and long term by reducing costs of energy
and other resources and of buildings main-
tenance and operation, while also providing
better production environment in ware-
houses thanks to a better internal environ-
ment for workers.
127
Material Resources Efficiency
6.2 Sustainability in Warehouses
6.2 Material Resources Efficiency
MODON encourages developers, investors,

and contractors working in industrial cities
to provide ways and solutions for reducing
garbage production, starting from design
of the factory and subsidiary facilities, to
provision of assigned spaces for waste
collection and sorting once the operation
starts, as well as during construction process,
and finally during the warehouse operation as
shown in the below figure.
Design Construction Operation
Reduce waste in design stage Reduce waste when building Reduce waste when
through: warehouses and subsidiary operating warehouses and
▪▪ Off-site manufacturing facilities through: subsidiary facilities through:
▪▪ Standard components ▪▪ Waste management plan ▪▪ Waste collection and sorting
▪▪ Provision of spaces for recy- ▪ ▪ Waste production reduction ▪▪ Recycling
clable materials ▪ ▪ Waste sorting
▪▪ Recycling
128
Material Resources Efficiency
6.2
Within this framework, MODON advises Table 12:

consultants to conduct studies and present
Sample of recyclable materials
suggestions to reduce environmental impact.
Offices Warehouses
▪▪ When designing warehouses, MODON rec- Paper Paper
ommends off-site fabrication to reduce Cardboard Cardboard
waste production during construction
Aluminum cans Plastic
works waste, with building components be-
Glass bottles and cans Glass
ing produced off site in specialized factories
and then transported on site for assembly. Plastic Wood
This system is very common and is often Metals
used for building facades and rooftops, es-
pecially for metal buildings, and can be eas-
ily adapted to warehouses.
As for during the construction stage,
contractors are encouraged to prepare a
waste management plan to reduce waste
production and increase recycling on-site as it
has many benefits, including:
▪▪ Reducing on-site waste production
▪▪ Reducing on-site construction time
▪▪ Reducing construction cost, and achieving
better quality construction.
Finally, when starting the operation stage,
production line waste, including waste water
and harmful materials, must be treated in a
separate way as mentioned in parts 4 and 8 of
the present guideline.
In addition to the above, in order to reduce
warehouse operation environmental impact,
warehouse owners and workers are advised
to ensure dedicated spaces for collection of
recyclable waste. The total area of these spaces
depends on the area of the warehouse, its
facilities, type of product, and manufacturing
method, noting that all elements are defined
in a more detailed way by waste management
and recycling experts.
129
Building envelope
6.3 Building envelope
Walls Rooftops
All external walls must include thermal All rooftops must include heat insulators to
insulation material which helps reducing heat reduce heat gain, particularly in summer.
gain, especially in summer. Insulator type and Insulator type and thickness is determined
thickness is determined by engineers to Heat by engineers to achieve a Heat Transfer Index
Transfer Index (U-value) equivalent to 0.2W/ (U-value) equivalent to 0.1 W/m2K at most.
m2K at most for the wall. Extruded polystyrene is considered the best
Effective insulators include extruded insulating material for concrete rooftops,
polystyrene, mineral wool, rock wool, and with insulated panels being the best system
glass wool. Project engineers are encouraged for steel buildings, especially factories
to explore materials with high heat insulation and warehouses as they are constituted of
properties in order to enhance their overall extruded polystyrene insulator covered from
performance and reduce heat gain. both sides by hot-dip zinc or thin aluminized
steel.
Insulated panels are among the most used
insulators in warehouses and administrative Polycarbonate slots are recommended for
buildings. They are constituted of extruded warehouse rooftops as they are light-weight,
polystyrene covered from both sides by hot- easy to install, less expensive (than glass) and
dip zinc or thin aluminized steel. have a good thermal performance. This system
is constituted of multi-cell polycarbonate
These panels can be flat or undulated and sheets with rough external feel (hammered
can also be assembled as external walls for glass). (These systems are known in KSA as
concrete or steel buildings. Lexan, their main component, produced by
SABIC).
It is recommended to have a thickness of 38
Building shell mm or more and a light transmission index
of 55% at least for white or translucent colors
with a solar heat gain coefficient of 0.55 at
most.
130
Building envelope
6.3
Windows and Glass Usage Rate Roofs

Glass in walls and rooftops must be constituted
of several layers of high performance glass to
reduce heat gains, knowing that it is possible
to use Argon gas between the different layers,
as well as insulating and colored paint. It
is advised to target a Heat Transfer Index
(U-value) equivalent to 1.8 W/m2K at most for
glass.
Polycarbonate slots are translucent multi-

layer panels that allow light to go in, and
are also recommended for warehouse and
industrial building walls at a minimum
thickness of 38mm and a light transmission Windows
index of 55% at least for white or translucent
colors. The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient must
be of 0.55 at most, while it is advised to target
a Heat Transfer Index (U-value) equivalent to
1.65 W/m2K.
131
Building envelope
Envelope Openings
Openings in external building envelopes are
allowed up to a certain size to avoid high heat
gain and excessive heat inside the building,
especially in summer. Following guidance
shall be respected:
▫▫Openings in warehouse façade shall
represent 25% at most of the overall
area of external walls;
▫▫ Openings in administrative building
facades shall represent 40% at most of
overall external wall surface;
▫▫ Openings in warehouse rooftop shall
represent 15% at most of overall rooftop
area.
Ceiling
Factories Facade
Office Facade
Administration
Facade
15% 25% 40%

Figure 59: Recommendations for size of opening in warehouses
132
Potable Water
6.4
6.4 Potable Water
Water efficient equipment must be installed

in all lavatories with maximum water flow
rate as follows:
▪▪ Restrooms: 1 GpF (Gallon per Flush)
▪▪ Urinal: 0.5 GpF
▪▪ Sink: 1.8 GpM (Gallon per Minute)
▪▪ Washrooms: 1.8 GpM
Several types of water-efficient plumbing
equipment are currently available in local
markets and include for example aerator-
equipped tap that reduces water flow. It is also
advised to use infrared sensor taps as well as
low-flow toilets such as 3/6 liter and low-flow
showers.
133
Optional Requirements
6.5 Optional Requirements
MODON seeks to support sustainable consultants, and contracts (noting that

approaches in facilities development and MODON also accepts other systems such as
management, especially when such measures BREEAM).
have many benefits for developers on both short
Should the developer choose to have a green
and long term.
building certificate, MODON must be notified
In addition to this, MODON seeks to enhance and receive a copy of the certificate once the
performance of buildings and sustainable project is completed.
site elements which have been recommended
Low-Carbon Renewable Energy Production
in this guideline and encourages developers
to follow essential procedures to achieve a MODON recommends the study of solutions
sustainable development: and techniques related to production of
low-carbon renewable energy within the
▪▪ Green building certification boundaries of the site, which helps reduce
▪▪ Production of renewable and low carbon energy consumption and carbon emissions as
energy. well as use of fossil fuel rather than traditional
Green Buildings Certificates fuel.
Having green building certificates from MODON also recommends studying the
local and international rating systems adds possibility of applying the below techniques,
in credibility and reflects a commitment developing possible solutions, and applying
to minimum “green buildings” elements. them on-site:
International ratings systems such as LEED ▪▪ Thermal solar energy (for water heating);
and BREEAM award certificates to projects ▪▪ Photo-voltaic cells;
after a full examination of facilities’ designs
▪▪ Geothermal heat pump;
against a list of green building standards for
several elements such as location, energy,
▪▪ Wind turbines;
water, construction materials, external ▪▪ Bio-fuel;
environment, etc. ▪▪ Mixed thermal energy.
Following MODON’s guidance will help Selected solutions must be presented to
investors and developers in securing green MODON within a study containing the below
building certification; they will also need data at the least:
to implement a number of requirements ▪▪ Volume of generated energy using the sug-
related to targets and standards that need gested system (percentage of annual con-
to be respected and documented through sumption);
calculations, drawings, and reports to be ▪▪ Financial recoupment and impact on life-cy-
prepared at various stages of design and
cle;
construction.
▪▪ Impact on land use;
In general, MODON recommends LEED ▪▪ Impact on surrounding environment;
system as it is one of the oldest and most ▪▪ Maintenance.
used and known systems among engineers,
134
135
136
7
7
Design Phases of the Warehouse
and the Related Utility Buildings
Chapter 7: Design Phases of the Warehouse
and the Related Utility Buildings
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments..............................................139
7.2 Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design................................................................................ 140
7.3 Third Stage: Final Design Stage................................................................................................... 141
Architectural Works Plans..................................................................................................................................... 141
Construction Works Plans..................................................................................................................................... 141
Plumbing Works Plans for the Location................................................................................................................. 142
Water Tank Plans.................................................................................................................................................. 143
Potable/Utility Water Plans.................................................................................................................................. 143
Sewage Tank Plans............................................................................................................................................... 143
Sewage Plan......................................................................................................................................................... 143
Stormwater Drainage Plan................................................................................................................................... 143
Plans of electrical works.......................................................................................................................................144
First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments
7.1
Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
7.1 First Stage: Soil Studies for the General Location and Adjustments
This stage includes the following:

1. Conduct needed borings to identify soil
properties for construction works clearly
showing the land’s topography and levels
and defining adequate levels for uses on-
site;
2. Industrial permit;
3. Land allocation letter;
4. Prepare a sketch showing the warehouse’s
general location as well as surrounding
streets with their width and services
provided from the industrial city or MODON;
5. Prepare a detailed plan of the general
location’s needs in term of storage spaces as
well as the administrative building, service
locations, and functional relationships
among all elements;
6. Prepare the preliminary plan of the
general location showing doors, entrances,
warehouse buildings, electricity rooms,
and guard’s room according to functional
relationships among the different
components as well as the internal road
network, waiting areas, loading and
storage locations as well as general facilities
buildings and any other element needed for
the general location along with preparing
an information sheet of the warehouse
by the consulting company designing the
warehouse;
7. Prepare a program for exploitation of areas
and setbacks;
8. Warehouse needs in term of electricity,
potable and utility water and produced
sewage quantities;
9. Standards for sewage water produced by
the warehouse.
139
Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design
7.2 Design Phases of the Warehouse and the Related Utility Buildings
7.2 Second Stage: Preliminary Building Design
After the first stage, initial drawings are made

for buildings architectural designs (including
guard’s room, electricity room, wall, and
any other buildings within the general
location) and include ground and upper floors
horizontal projections.
140
Third Stage: Final Design Stage
7.3
7.3 Third Stage: Final Design Stage
After adoption of initial designs, work starts building at a scale of 1:100 showing levels,
on final designs for the projects; they include heights, external finishing for facades, heat
the following: insulation, and rain protection;
Architectural Works Plans ▪▪ Plan for the electricity and guard’s rooms
at a scale of 1:50 showing horizontal projec-
▪▪ The general location’s plan showing the tions, sectors, and facades with all sizes, lev-
building’s location including storage areas,
els, and finishing with a plan showing the
preparation, loading and unloading spaces,
external form of the fence and gates with all
shipping and receiving offices, workers and
details at a scale of 1:50 at least; noting that
employees offices, needed services, in addi-
reticulated fences may not be used and that
tion to loading and unloading bays, mar-
the fence should be in accordance with the
shaling areas, truck parking spaces, internal
model used and adopted by the MODON.
roads and car parks, entry and exit roads for
cars, workers, and truck showing all dimen- Construction Works Plans
sions and sizes knowing that the scale of the Construction works requirements include
drawing shall be of 1:500 at least according maps showing all construction elements
to the warehouse surface in addition to the (both concrete and mineral) using the below
relation of the warehouse to surrounding specification:
roads and uses; 1. The design shall be in accordance with Saudi
▪▪ Plan of the horizontal projection of the codes and standards;
warehouse’s main building showing all di- 2. The file shall include all catalogues and
mensions and sizes as well as levels of all detailed drawings for metallic structures
the different sections from the source in and pre-cast slab and other elements
addition to columns and other load-bearing necessary to clarify the warehouse from a
pillars at a scale of 1:50 or 1:100; construction point of view.
▪▪ Plan of horizontal projections for all floors of The following plans are presented:
administrative buildings and workers’ ser-
1. Horizontal projection of foundations for
vices and prayer room or any other building
all the project’s building showing axes
at a scale of 1:100 showing all dimensions
(same as in general location) as well as
and sizes; symbols of bases and columns and full-
▪▪ Detailed tables for openings – doors and dimensional details, reinforcing iron,
windows – with a complete description of concrete stress, type of cement used in
the quality of these openings; foundations and construction levels for
▪ ▪ Finishing of floors, walls, internal ceil- all parts as well as insulation methods for
ings, and external facades with sectors
plan for administrative buildings, work-
ers’ services, prayer room or any other
141
foundations, in addition to soil stress taken ▫▫Practical ways of installing metallic

into account during design of foundations structures;
and all loads taken into account in the ▫▫Necessary requirements for general
design. safety during execution;
2. Plans of above-ground level facilities ▫▫Temperature degrees on which the
showing structures, ceilings, and main facility was designed;
beams (metal or reinforced concrete ▫▫Wind speed and method of calculating
facilities. These plans shall include resulting pressure that the facility can
reinforcing, explanatory sectors, and bear;
construction separators, etc. ▫▫Earthquake magnitude that can be handled;
3. Plan showing distribution of arming iron ▫▫The difference of maximum landing be-
for vertical projections and sectors of low bases.
beams and columns for main sections at an
Plumbing Works Plans for the Location
adequate scale while also showing distances
among stirrups. The following plans must be submitted:
4. Construction plans for ground and upper 1. A topographic plan showing earth level
water tanks showing reinforcing iron, and the levels of surrounding streets with
dimensions, and levels. a contouring plan when the land is un-
5. Construction plans for analysis tanks, leveled;
inspection rooms, and septic tanks showing 2. Plan showing the location of existing
all details after taking into account soil services on the surrounding streets such
stress in various industrial areas. as water and sewage networks as well as
6. Construction works for fences, the guard’s inspection rooms, and defining the internal
room, and the electricity room. level and stormwater network, noting that
7. Plans showing dimensions and sectors of the it’s preferable to compare current levels
metallic structure of main and secondary with the closest benchmark;
beams as well as it fixture method and 3. Plans showing the final floor slab surface at
turnbuckles. 30 cm above the final surface of the sidewalk,
8. In addition to the above, construction plans keeping in mind that the difference in levels
must bear all important remarks by the between floors surface at the gates and the
designing architect such as: facing street surface shall not be below 15
▫▫Maximum stress allowed for concrete; cm;
▫▫Maximum stress allowed for reinforcing 4. Plans containing the below:
iron; ▫▫ Horizontals sectors of roads showing
▫▫Specifications of iron used in metallic locations of services’ installations with
structures; floor standard details;
▫▫Specifications of welding used in metal- ▫▫ Standard details for slopes (if available);
lic structures; ▫▫ Inspection rooms with clarification of
▫▫Specifications of bolts used in metallic their dimensions, internal bottom level
structures; and gradient, and distances between
▫▫Necessary specifications and precau- rooms;
tions to cast the concrete in a good way ▫▫ Specifications of inspection room’s cov-
for it to be of the required quality; er with its base and resistance of loads,
▫▫Necessary and sufficient time for keeping clarifying the size of the opening inter-
turnbuckles before removing them; nally, noting that it should be 60 x 60
cm.
142
7.3
Water Tank Plans Sewage Tank Plans

Water tank plans must include the below: Sewage tank plans must include the below:
▪▪ Internal and external capacity of the tank ▪▪ Internal and external dimensions of the
according to warehouse needs; tank according to the required capacity;
▪▪ Clarification of the ground’s level on nature ▪▪ Clarification of the ground’s level on nature
and the final level of the tank’s bottom; and the final level of the tank’s bottom;
▪▪ The space between the ceiling of the tank ▪▪ The space between the ceiling of the tank
and the highest water level in it shall not and the highest water level in it shall not
exceed 50 cm; exceed 50 cm;
▪▪ The tank must have an opening with a cover ▪▪ The tank must have an opening with a cover
and a base as well as the cover’s resistance and a base as well as the cover’s resistance
to weights clarifying the size of the opening to weights clarifying the size of the opening
internally knowing that it should be a mini- internally knowing that it should be a mini-
mum of 60x60cm; mum of 60x60cm;
▪▪ The tank must have a ladder made from an- ▪▪ The tank shall have a ladder made from ma-
ti-rust material such as aluminum, stainless terial resistant to rush sewage water;
steel, and galvanized iron; ▪▪ A pipe to aerate the tank with a net to pro-
▪▪ A pipe to aerate the tank with a net to protect it from insects;
tect it from insects; ▪▪ A separation wall above water level so that
▪▪ Achieve total insulation of the walls, ceiling, the length of the entering sewage water
and floor of the tank to avoid water leakages room is equivalent to two thirds of the total
into the tank and out of it. length of the sewage tank.
Potable/Utility Water Plans Sewage Plan
Plan clarifying potable water installations The plan must be at a scale of 1:500 and
system for the project at a scale of 1:500 include locations and diameters of pipes and
including the below: inspection rooms as well as the tank.
▪▪ Location, diameter, and path of pipes; Stormwater Drainage Plan
▪▪ Water tanks sufficient to meet the needs of ▪▪ The plan must be at a scale of 1:500 including
the warehouse and it is recommended that the below:
the reserve should last for 3 days with a min- ▫▫Levels;
imum of 1 day; ▫▫Drainage pipe diameters;
▪▪ Pumps room; ▫▫Inspection room with clarification of its
▪▪ Capacity and strength of pumps with provi- dimensions, internal bottom level and
sion of a spare pump; gradient, and distances between rooms;
▪▪ The pump should include a water pressure
tank;
▪▪ Provision of valves on section’s exits;
▪▪ Casting concrete blocks to prevent pipes from
moving on bends and branching spot rod;
▪▪ Providing necessary extensions with the
pump clarifying this with an illustration.
143
▪▪ A sketch of plumbing works networks in- Electrical power plans

cluding rising pipes; ▪▪ Plans for building units showing electrical
▪▪ Plumbing works’ unit data matrixes; powers, sockets, and circuits for building
▪▪ Various needed details for plumbing works; units at a scale of 1:100;
▪▪ Specifications of plumbing works and quan- ▪▪ Plans for building units showing supply to
tities table on all calculations, documents, conditioning and aeration units and pumps
and plans prepared in accordance with re- as well as electricity sockets showing the
quirements of civil defense, Saudi codes, or supply of these units, sockets, control cen-
accredited international standards such as ters, distribution boards and supply lines’
the International Plumbing Code – IPC. paths as well as these units’ load tables at
Plans of electrical works a scale of 1:100;
Master plans ▪▪ Plans showing the site’s electrical supply
showing main and subsidiary distribution
▪▪ Various details needed for electrical works; boards as well as cable paths between the
▪▪ Diagram for projections of all floors for elec- main board and those in external equip-
tricity supply works; ment locations such as the fire pump, po-
▪▪ Diagram for projections of all floors for fire table water pump, etc and their electrical
detection system works; supply, and showing the location of the sub-
▪▪ Diagram for projections of all floors for sat- sidiary auxiliary energy source at a scale of
ellite television works; 1:200;
▪▪ Diagram for projections of all floors for con- ▪▪ Plans for grounding system at a scale of
trol camera system works; 1:100;
▪▪ Diagram for electricity installations clarify- ▪▪ Plans for lightening-protection system at a
ing all distribution boards, whether main
or subsidiary, with details, emergency loads ▪▪ scale of 1:100.
and all main cables for the building men- Plans for low-tension current
tioning their sizes and linkage to electricity ▪▪ Plans for building units showing distribu-
source; tion of fire detection system at a scale of
▪▪ Lighting units specifications table; 1:100;
▪▪ Tables for electricity supply units; ▪▪ Plans for building units showing distribu-
▪▪ Specifications of electrical works and relat- tion of satellite television system at a scale
ed units. of 1:100;
Lighting plans ▪▪ Plans for building units showing distribu-
tion of control cameras system at a scale of
▪▪ Plans showing lighting of building units 1:100;
including lighting of emergency exits and ▪▪ Plans showing distribution of low-tension
evacuation paths at a scale of 1:100; current works on-site at a scale of 200:1.
▪▪ Plans showing external lighting and lighting
of the main site as well as external fences at General Remarks for Electrical Works Plans
a scale of 1:200. Ground floor plans must include all links with
the network supplying electrical energy to the
site up to 2 meters away from the building,
and define size of links.
144
145
146
8
Annexes
8
Chapter 8: Annexes
8.1 Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON................................... 149
8.2 Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses in Industrial Cities.........150
8.3 Annex III: Initial warehouse introduction form........................................................................... 151
8.4 Annex IV: Construction permit form.......................................................................................... 152
Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON
8.1
Annexes
8.1 Annex I: Tables to be filled in the plan matrix to be submitted to MODON
Table 1:
General information on the warehouse
Warehouse name: ……………………………………………… Industrial City:……………………………….…………………
Description of stored items Storage capacity Operation Number of workers Stored merchandise
Table 2:
Warehouse electrical supply needs
Electrical load
Description and
SQ Quantity KW/unit Volt/phase/ Productivity Kg/
model
cycle hour or m3/hour
1
2
Total
Table 3:
Warehouse water needs
Type Average Expected need
Workers’ needs 30 L/person/day
Irrigation water 10 L/day/m2
Total need Total need
Table 4:
Quantity of sewage water produced by warehouse
Description Average Expected need
Sewage 80% of total water consumption
Total need
149
Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses in Industrial Cities
8.2 Annexes
8.2 Annex II: Commitment of the Company Toward Plans and Designs For Warehouses
in Industrial Cities
Date: ………H equivalent to ………….AD
We, the company……………………………………………, with permit number…………………………………….
Tasked by the warehouse owner to prepare engineering designs and plans for residential building for the warehouse of
………………………………………………. on land plot number …………………………………….., phase ………………………., city…………………………….,
with an area of………………………….., licensed by virtue of license decision number…………………….. dated………………………………………
with land leased by MODON by virtue of agreement number ……………………………………… dated …………………………………
Commit and pledge that the warehouse designs are in accordance with all conditions and requirements as follows:
▪▪ Submitted design works are in accordance with Saudi specifications and generally accepted technical standards;
▪▪ Designs of the warehouse are in accordance with conditions and requirements of warehouses in industrial cities for
all submitted designs (architectural, construction, plumbing works, electrical, industrial safety, and mechanical works)
and for all preliminary and final plans for the warehouse, and with the requirements and conditions of civil defense
for industrial safety designs, and the list of environment requirements issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and
Environment;
▪▪ In case of any difference between submitted designs and requirements and conditions of warehouses in industrial cit-
ies, MODON’s written approval shall be sought.
▪▪ The consultant bears responsibility for any damages due to any errors in the designs of submitted plans and technical
requirements, and MODON’s approval of these designs doesn’t not exempt the consultant from full responsibility for
design validity and guarantee for 10 years starting from the date of execution completion on site.
▪▪ Upon submission of final plans for factories’ residential buildings, the below phrase must be written on plans: “Plans submitted
for the residential building are under the full responsibility of the design company without any liability whatsoever on MODON”
signed and sealed by the company.
God bless,,,,,,,
Seal Company name:.........................................
License number:…………………………………………..
Name of manager in charge:…………………………….
150
Annex III: Initial warehouse introduction form
8.3
Annexes
8.3 Annex III: Initial warehouse introduction form
1. General data
Name of warehouse………………………………………. Address:………………………………………………………………………….

Name of warehouse owner……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Address of warehouse owner …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
Phone number…………………………………………………………Fax number……………………………………………..
Mobile number………………………….. Email address………………………………………
Website………………………………………………………………..
2. Storage
Storage type…………………………………………………….
Storage methods…………………………………….
Means of transport of produced materials and means of circulation within the warehouse…………………………………………………………….
Packaging method……………………………………………….
Container size…………………………………………………..
Storage methods……………………………………………
3. Expected electrical load:
4. Average daily water consumption: ………………………………………… m3
5. Expected daily sewage volume: ………………………………………… m3
In the case of warehouses of dangerous flammable material, sewage system must include a system for spill containment to avoid
leakage of dangerous material to stormwater and sewage network.
6. Expected workforce:………………………………………………..
151
Annex IV: Construction permit form
8.4 Annexes
8.4 Annex IV: Construction permit form

Construction permit form number
Permit type: …………………………………… Permit number:…………………………. Contract number:…………………….
Date of issue:…………………………… Date of expiry:……………………
Name of facility/warehouse
Permit number Date Civil record number
Commercial record number Date Source
P.O Box Phone number Fax number
Mobile number Email Signature date
Land plot number Land size
Plans and supervision Land location

Execution is carried out according to plans accredited by MODON
by virtue of letter number…………………. dated……………………… under
supervision of consulting company…………………….

Company address
P.O box:…………….. Riyadh………………………………
Phone:…………………………… Fax:………………………………
Mobile: ……………………………………..
Mailing address:………………………………………………..
E-mail:…………………………..
Manager in charge:……………………………………….
The license is valid for 6 months from its issuance date and MODON must
be referred to for renewal of the license 5 days before expiration.
152
8.4
Annexes
Authorization and construction conditions Land location

1. The facility owner commits not to discard any waste and not to
harm to industrial city facilities. In case of violation, bylaws for
fines and penalties for infraction and water and sewage facilities
issued by virtue of a decision from MODON’s Board of Director
numbers 28 and 29/2004 dated 9/7/1425H based on ministerial
decision number 225 dates 16/11/1425H.
2. This license is considered annulled should the tenant not start
construction works within six months from issuance date.
3. Erecting a temporary wall (to be removed upon works end) around
the site and taking all precautions to avoid any potential harm.
4. Complete an accurate commitment to plans for construction pre-
approved by MODON.
5. Hang a copy of the permit on-site in a visible location on an
ongoing basis.
6. The facility owner commits not to start erecting the wall before
starting implementation of production room.
7. Put a sign at a visible location outside the temporary fence stating
the project’s name, contractor, consultant, and their addresses.
8. Commit to providing containers to transport waste and remove
all rubble from the site and neighboring areas in a timely manner
and transport them to allowed places outside the industrial city.
9. The facility owner is responsible for presence of the consulting
company authorized by MODON to supervise works and for
matching accredited plans with works carried out and submit
monthly reports to MODON clearly stating commitment to plans,
any violation, or any deviations happening during construction.
10. The facility owner is responsible for coordination with civil defense,
electricity company, and service providers in the industrial city.
11. Name of permit holder/deputy
Title: Signature: Date:
Boundaries
Direction Boundaries Length Setback
North
East
South
Permit issuer Seal Industrial City Director West
153
8.4 Annexes
Construction permit/renewal form number……………. Percentage of completion …………..%

Permit type: …………………………………… Permit number:…………………………. Contract number:…………………….
Date of issue:…………………………… Date of expiry:……………………
Name of facility/warehouse
Permit number Date Civil record number
Commercial record number Date Source
P.O Box Phone number Fax number
Mobile number Email Signature date
Land plot number Land size
Plans and supervision Land location

Execution is carried out according to plans accredited by MODON
by virtue of letter number…………………. dated……………………… under
supervision of consulting company…………………….

Company address
P.O box:…………….. Riyadh………………………………
Phone:…………………………… Fax:………………………………
Mobile: ……………………………………..
Mailing address:………………………………………………..
E-mail:…………………………..
Manager in charge:……………………………………….
The license is valid for 6 months from its issuance date and MODON must
be referred to for renewal of the license 5 days before expiration.
154
8.4
Annexes
Authorization and construction conditions Land location

1. The facility owner commits not to discard any waste and not to
harm to industrial city facilities. In case of violation, bylaws for
fines and penalties for infraction and water and sewage facilities
issued by virtue of a decision from MODON’s Board of Director
numbers 28 and 29/2004 dated 9/7/1425H based on ministerial
decision number 225 dates 16/11/1425H.
2. This license is considered annulled should the tenant not start
construction works within six months from issuance date.
3. Erecting a temporary wall (to be removed upon works end) around
the site and taking all precautions to avoid any potential harm.
4. Complete an accurate commitment to plans for construction pre-
approved by MODON.
5. Hang a copy of the permit on-site in a visible location on an
ongoing basis.
6. The facility owner commits not to start erecting the wall before
starting implementation of production room.
7. Put a sign at a visible location outside the temporary fence stating
the project’s name, contractor, consultant, and their addresses.
8. Commit to providing containers to transport waste and remove
all rubble from the site and neighboring areas in a timely manner
and transport them to allowed places outside the industrial city.
9. The facility owner is responsible for presence of the consulting
company authorized by MODON to supervise works and for
matching accredited plans with works carried out and submit
monthly reports to MODON clearly stating commitment to plans,
any violation, or any deviations happening during construction.
10. The facility owner is responsible for coordination with civil defense,
electricity company, and service providers in the industrial city.
11. Name of permit holder/deputy
Title: Signature: Date:
Boundaries
Direction Boundaries Length Setback
North
East
South
Permit issuer Seal Industrial City Director West
155
156
9
Information Tables
9
Chapter 9: Information Tables
9.1 List of Information for Forklifts...................................................................................................159

9.2 List of Information of Trucks and Trailers.................................................................................... 161
9.3 List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services....................................................163
List of Information for Forklifts
9.1
Information Tables
9.1 List of Information for Forklifts
159
List of Information for Forklifts
9.1 Information Tables
160
List of Information of Trucks and Trailers
9.2
Information Tables
9.2 List of Information of Trucks and Trailers
161
List of Information of Trucks and Trailers
9.2 Information Tables
162
List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services
9.3
Information Tables
9.3 List of Information of Area Requirements for Support Services
Space Length (m) Width (m) Area (m2)

Private offices
Warehouse manager 6.1 4.9 29.7
Staff manager 4.3 3.7 15.6
Open offices
Manager 3.7 3.7 13.4
Assistant 3 2.4 7.4
Secretariat 2.4 2.4 5.7
Accountant 1.5 2.1 3.3
Stock Manager 1.5 2.1 3.3
Bids 1.8 2.4 4.5
Operation 1.8 1.8 3.3
Meeting room 3 3 9.3
Interview room 2.4 2.4 5.9
Programming 2.4 2.4 5.9
Notes:
Open support services
Files 0.3 1.5 0.5
(1) Estimated at 25% of
private offices and offices
Entrance/Reception 9.1 6.1 55.7 in open-space areas
Main aisle (1) - - - (2) Estimated at 30% of
floor surface for offices in
Secondary aisle (2) - - - open spaces
Photocopier (2) 1.8 1.2 2.2
Closed support services
Mail room 7.6 3.7 27.9
Restrooms (1) 7.3 2.4 17.8
Guard’s locker 1.8 1.2 2.2
Changing room 3 0.6 1.8
Supplier room 5.5 3.7 20.1 (3) Estimated area for 50
workers and employees
Computer room 7.6 6.1 46.5
Meeting room 7.6 6.1 46.5
Cafeteria (3) 18.3 6.1 111.5
First aid 4.9 3.7 17.8
163
164
References
References
▪▪ Mulcahy E.D., (1994). Warehouse Distribution & Operation Handbook. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
▪▪ Baker, P. (2010). The Principles of Warehouse Design. Third Edition Published by the Chartered Institute of Logistics
and Transport in the UK
▪▪ Drury, J. and Falconer, P. (2003). Building for Industrial Storage and Distribution. Second Edition
▪▪ Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Chapter 7 Cold Stores. FAO Corporate Document Repository
▪▪ Hiregoudar C. and Raghavendra, R. (2007) Facility Planning And Layout Design, Technical Publican Pune
▪▪ Tompkins, J., White, A. J., Bozer, Y., AND Tanchoco J.M.A.(2010) Facilities Planning, Fourth edition, Wiley
▪▪ Tompkins, A.J. and Smith D.J, (1998). The Warehouse Management Handbook,Tompkins Press
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2004.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Covered Storage
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2004.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Hazardous Waste Storage
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2009.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Fire Protection Engineering For Facilities
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2012.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Installation Master Planning
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2004.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Referigeration System For Cold Storage
▪▪ Department of Defence (USA),2005.Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC),Design:Storage Depots
▪▪ City of Yarra, (2005). Sustainable Design Guidelines: Warehouse Conversion
▪▪ Al Barbari, A. Occupational Health and Safety Guide. (2005).
.”‫” الئحة االشتراطات الصحية الخاصة بمستودعات المواد الغذائية ووسائل نقلها‬.‫▪ ▪وزارة الشئون البلدية والقروية‬
‫▪ ▪أمانة جدة‬
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Contents

Chapter One: General Conditions of Building Warehouses in Industrial Cities ....................................13

Chapter Two: Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities ................................................................. 23

Chapter Four: Construction Conditions within the Industrial City......................................................63

4.5 Solid waste.............................................................................................................................................................................. 91

Chapter Five: Conditions for Different Types of Warehouses............................................................. 99

Chapter Six: Sustainability in Warehouses ......................................................................................124

Chapter Eight: Annexes...................................................................................................................147

Information Tables.......................................................................................................................... 157

Figure 53: Lateral loading platforms............................................................................................................................... 113

Table 1: Pallet Racks Measurements............................................................................................................................................39

▪▪ Pallet racks ▪▪ Apron Width

General Conditions of Building

Title The Guide's Applicability

1.2 The Owner- Investor's Obligations

1. Comply with this guide's regulations and

1.3 The Designer's Obligations

1. Comply with this guide's regulations and

1. ISO: International Organization for Standardization

1.4 The Supervisor's Obligations

1. Comply with this guide's regulations and

1.5 The Contractor's Obligations

1. Comply with this guide's regulations and

1.6 General Conditions for Building Warehouses

3. Municipal and technical conditions for general warehouses, MOMRA.

1.7 Steps to Submit a Request of Building a Warehouse

A construction permit is submitted by

Work in Warehouse for Industrial

Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities

Chapter 2:Types of Warehouses and Storage Facilities

Warehouses are facilities that offer the

2.2 Classification of Warehouses

Warehouses are divided into six categories: Controlled Humidity

4. United States Department of Defense, UFC; design of shed

Principles for Planning Warehouse Buildings

1. Identify the required standards to specify

General Specifications ▪▪ Mountainous areas: In mountainous areas,

Traffic and Fire Trucks Optimal Distribution of Spaces in the

Geographical Locations and Environmental ▫▫Achieve maximal efficiency of entrance

Complying with the requirements of security

3.3 Design Elements of Warehouse Buildings

The general location of general warehouses 5. Marshalling Area

Warehouse Truck and Trailer

Additional Buffer Shipping Area

Goods Arrival, Goods Arrival,

Collecting Orders Collecting Orders Collecting Orders Collecting Orders

When designing manual storage and

7. Warehouse distribution and operations handbook

Storage areas are constituted by the following

Staging and Wrapping Area

Figure 5: Illustrative Plan of Storage Elements

Storage Keeping Unit

Storage units are considered pallet racks

Pallet Racks Measurements 2.2 10 10 14.5 22.75 10 38.25cm 38.25cm

There are several types of racks that are used

Code Reference to pack and distribute

Standard Adjustable A common type of racks in factories and

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