The given words

1. Equivalent: ~ (to sth)equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. （价值、数量、

意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的

2. Clarify: to make sth clearer or easier to understand 使更清晰易懂；阐明

3. Deceive:  ~ sb (into doing sth)to make sb believe sth that is not true 欺骗；蒙骗；诓
骗

4. Brash: confident in an aggressive way 盛气凌人的；自以为是的

5. Adverse: negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result 不利的；有害的；

反面的

6. Partake: to take part in an activity 参加；参与

7. Praise: words that show approval of or admiration for sb/sth 赞扬；称赞；赞美

8. Origin: the point from which sth starts; the cause of sth 起源；源头；起因

9. Partial: not complete or whole 部分的；不完全的

10. Rebuke: ~ sb (for sth/for doing sth) ( formal ) to speak severely to sb because they have
done sth wrong 指责；批评

11. Harsh: cruel, severe and unkind 残酷的；严酷的；严厉的

12. Identical: ~ (to/with sb/sth)similar in every detail 完全同样的；相同的

13. Jointly: in collaboration or cooperation 连同；共同

14. Indisputable: that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied  undeniable 不容置

疑的；无可争辩的；不容否认的

15. Feasible: that is possible and likely to be achieved 可行的；行得通的

16. Maximize: to increase sth as much as possible 使增加到最大限度；to make the best

use of sth 充分利用；最大限度地利用

17. Modify: to change sth slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a
particular purpose 调整；稍作修改；使更适合；to make sth less extreme 缓和；使温
和
18. Negligent: failing to give sb/sth enough care or attention, especially when this has
serious results 疏忽的；造成过失的

19. Languish: ~ (in sth)to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer sth unpleasant for a long
time 被迫滞留；长期受苦；受煎熬

20. Obvious: ~ (to sb) (that...)easy to see or understand 明显的；显然的；易理解的

21. Influence: ~ (on/upon sb/sth)the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or
behaves or on the way that sth works or develops 影响；作用

22. Studio: a room where radio or television programmes are recorded and broadcast from,
or where music is recorded （广播、电视的）录音室，录像室，演播室，制作室；
（音乐）录音棚

23. Blown away: 震惊

24. Serve: ~ sth (with sth)~ sth (to sb)~ sb sthto give sb food or drink, for example at a
restaurant or during a meal （给某人）提供；端上

25. Applause: the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes
shouting to show their approval or enjoyment 鼓掌；喝彩

26. Occupancy: the act of living in or using a building, room, piece of land, etc. （房屋、
土地等的）占用，使用，居住

27. Tricky: difficult to do or deal with 难办的；难对付的 ( of people 人 ) clever but

likely to trick you 狡猾的；诡计多端的

28. Transition: ~ (from sth) (to sth)~ (between A and B) the process or a period of
changing from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变；变革；变迁

29. Resilient: able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc. 可
迅速恢复的；有适应力的; ( of a substance 物质 ) returning to its original shape after
being bent, stretched, or pressed 有弹性（或弹力）的；能复原的

30. Mindful: ~ of sb/sth~ that... ( formal ) remembering sb/sth and considering them or it

when you do sth conscious 记着；想着；考虑到

31. Gap: a space between two things or in the middle of sth, especially because there is a
part missing 开口；豁口；缺口；裂口

32. Precaution: ~ (against sth)something that is done in advance in order to prevent

 problems or to avoid danger 预防措施；预防；防备

33. Skeletal: ( technical 术语) connected with the skeleton of a person or an animal 骨骼

的

34. Waterlogged: ( of soil, a field, etc. 土壤、田地等 ) so full of water that it cannot hold
any more and becomes flooded 水浸的；水涝的；水淹的

35. Hollow: having a hole or empty space inside 中空的；空心的

36. Excavation: [ CU] the activity of digging in the ground to look for old buildings or
objects that have been buried for a long time （对古物的）发掘，挖掘

37. Deteriorate: ~ (into sth) to become worse 变坏；恶化；退化

38. Proceed: ~ (with sth)to continue doing sth that has already been started; to continue
being done 继续做（或从事、进行）

Proceeds: ~ (of/from sth) the money that you receive when you sell sth or organize a
performance, etc.; profits （售物或演出等的）收入，收益，进款

39. Donation: ~ (to sb/sth)~ (of...) something that is given to a person or an organization

such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving sth in this way 捐赠物；捐赠；
赠送

40. Mingle: ~ (A) (with B)~ (A and B) (together)to combine or make one thing combine
with another（使）与…结合；使混合；使联结; [ V] to move among people and talk to
them, especially at a social event （尤指在社交场所）相交往，混杂其中

41. Inaugural: ( of an official speech, meeting, etc. 正式讲话、会议等 ) first, and

marking the beginning of sth important, for example the time when a new leader or
parliament starts work, when a new organization is formed or when sth is used for the
first time 就职的；开幕的；成立的；创始的

42. Revelation: [ C] ~ (about/concerning sth)~ (that...)a fact that people are made aware
of, especially one that has been secret and is surprising 被暴露的真相；被曝光的秘闻;
[ U] ~ (of sth)the act of making people aware of sth that has been secret 披露；揭露

43. Scurry: [ V+ adv./prep.] to run with quick short steps 碎步疾跑

44. Defense: [ U] the act of protecting sb/sth from attack, criticism, etc. 防御；保护；保
卫 (Defence)

45. Offense: [ C] ~ (against sb/sth)an illegal act  crime 违法行为；犯罪；罪行

 (Offence)

46. Unleash: ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or
have an effect 发泄；突然释放；使爆发

47. Accustomed:

having been adapted to the existing environment and conditions. 习惯
的；通常的；独有的

48. Alternative: thing that allows a mutually exclusive choice between

two or more possibilities. 可替代的，备选的；非传统的，另类的；

49. Boast: ~ (about/of sth)to talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do 自
夸；自吹自擂

50. Brusque: using very few words and sounding rude 寡言而无礼的

51. Coerce: ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth) ( formal ) to force sb to do sth by using threats 强
迫；胁迫；迫使

52. Coincide:  of two or more events 两件或更多的事情 ) to take place at the same time 
同时发生; ( of ideas, opinions, etc. 想法、意见等 ) to be the same or very similar 相同；
相符；极为类似

53. Community: all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked
about as a group 社区；社会

54. Demonstrate: ~ sth (to sb)to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence 证明；证实；
论证；说明

55. Eloquent: able to use language and express your opinions well, especially when you
are speaking in public 雄辩的；有口才的；流利的

56. Fortify: ~ sth (against sb/sth)to make a place more able to resist attack, especially by
building high walls 筑防御工事以防卫; ~ sb/yourself (against sb/sth)to make sb/yourself
feel stronger, braver, etc. （在物质或精神上）加强，增强; ~ sth (with sth)to increase
the strength or quality of food or drink by adding sth to it （加入某物）强化（食品或
饮料）；提高（食物）的营养价值

57. Ambiguous: that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings 
模棱两可的；含混不清的
58. Widespread: existing or happening over a large area or among many people 分布广的；
普遍的；广泛的

59. Valid: that is legally or officially acceptable （法律上）有效的；（正式）认可的

60. Tolerate: to allow sb to do sth that you do not agree with or like 容许，允许（不同意
或不喜欢的事物; to accept sb/sth that is annoying, unpleasant, etc. without complaining 
忍受；容忍；包容

61. Subtle: ( often approving) not very noticeable or obvious 不易察觉的；不明显的；微

妙的; ( of a person or their behaviour 人或其行为 ) behaving in a clever way, and using
indirect methods, in order to achieve sth 机智的；机巧的；狡猾的

62. Scrutinize: to look at or examine sb/sth carefully 仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查

63. Reform: to improve a system, an organization, a law, etc. by making changes to it 改革；
改进；改良

64. Precede: to happen before sth or come before sth/sb in order 领先，在…之前；优于，
高于

65. Pertain:  ( formal ) to exist or to apply in a particular situation or at a particular time 存

在；适用

66. Obtain: [ VN] to get sth, especially by making an effort （尤指经努力）获得，赢得

67. Incite: to encourage sb to do sth violent, illegal or unpleasant, especially by making

them angry or excited 煽动；鼓动

68. Incompetent: not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be
done 无能力的；不胜任的；不称职的

69. Knack: a special skill or ability that you have naturally or can learn （天生的或学会
的）技能，本领

70. Leery: suspicious or careful about sth/sb, and trying to avoid doing it or dealing with
them 猜疑的；谨防的；极力躲避的

71. Mind : to repair sth that has been damaged or broken so that it can be used again 修理；
修补

72. Morose: unhappy, bad-tempered and not talking very much 阴郁的；脾气不好的；闷
闷不乐的
73. Paucity: a small amount of sth; less than enough of sth 少量；少许；贫乏

74. Pragmatic: solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having
fixed ideas or theories 实用的；讲求实效的；务实的

75. Rebuke: to speak severely to sb because they have done sth wrong 指责；批评

76. Release: to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped 释放；
放出；放走

77. Abundant:  existing in large quantities; more than enough 大量的；丰盛的；充裕的

78. Anomaly: ~ (in sth) a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or
expected 异常事物；反常现象

79. Cease: to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing （使）停
止，终止，结束

80. Contribute: ~ (sth) (to/towards sth)to give sth, especially money or goods, to help
sb/sth 捐献，捐赠（尤指款或物）；捐助

81. Digress: to start to talk about sth that is not connected with the main point of what you
are saying 离题；偏离主题

82. Enhance: to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth 提高；
增强；增强

83. Fluctuate: ~ (between A and B) to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc.,
especially from one extreme to another （大小、数量、质量等）波动；（在…之间）
起伏不定

84. Hesitate: ~ (about/over sth)to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or
nervous （对某事）犹豫，迟疑不决

85. Incessant: ( usually disapproving) never stopping 不停的；持续不断的

86. Mediocre: not very good; of only average standard 平庸的；普通的；平常的

87. Structure: the way in which the parts of sth are connected together, arranged or
organized; a particular arrangement of parts 结构；构造

88. Conclusive: proving sth, and allowing no doubt or confusion 结论性的；不容置疑的；

确凿的
89. Span: to last all through a period of time or to cover the whole of it 持续；贯穿

90. Isolate: ~ sb/yourself/sth (from sb/sth)to separate sb/sth physically or socially from
other people or things （使）隔离，孤立，脱离

91. Exact: correct in every detail 精确的；准确的

92. Precise: clear and accurate 准确的；确切的；精确的；明确的

93. Inexplicable: that cannot be understood or explained 费解的；无法解释的

94. Dread: to be very afraid of sth; to fear that sth bad is going to happen 非常害怕；极为
担心

95. Crucial: ~ (to/for sth)~ (that...) extremely important, because it will affect other things 
至关重要的；关键性的

96. Mercy: a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right
to punish 仁慈；宽恕

97. Luggage: ( especially BrE ) ( especially in NAmE bag·gage ) bags, cases, etc. that

contain sb's clothes and things when they are travelling 行李

98. Struggle: ~ (for sth)to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot
of problems 奋斗；努力；争取

99. Shortage:  a situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed 
不足；缺少；短缺