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    HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

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    Philip Gene II Malacas
    1. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone, which can result from thyroid or parathyroid surgery or neck radiation. This leads to low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood, causing tetany. 2. Symptoms include tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, and respiratory distress. Signs include Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign on physical exam, as well as low calcium and high phosphate levels on blood tests. 3. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to raise calcium levels, a low phosphate diet, and medications to bind phosphate in the gut. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, administering IV calcium if needed

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    HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

    Uploaded by

    Philip Gene II Malacas
    64 views1 page
    1. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone, which can result from thyroid or parathyroid surgery or neck radiation. This leads to low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood, causing tetany. 2. Symptoms include tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, and respiratory distress. Signs include Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign on physical exam, as well as low calcium and high phosphate levels on blood tests. 3. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to raise calcium levels, a low phosphate diet, and medications to bind phosphate in the gut. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, administering IV calcium if needed

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    Nursing Practice 2

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    1. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone, which can result from thyroid or parathyroid surgery or neck radiation. This leads to low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood, causing tetany. 2. Symptoms include tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, and respiratory distress. Signs include Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign on physical exam, as well as low calcium and high phosphate levels on blood tests. 3. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to raise calcium levels, a low phosphate diet, and medications to bind phosphate in the gut. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, administering IV calcium if needed

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    64 views1 page

    HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

    Uploaded by

    Philip Gene II Malacas
    1. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone, which can result from thyroid or parathyroid surgery or neck radiation. This leads to low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood, causing tetany. 2. Symptoms include tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, and respiratory distress. Signs include Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign on physical exam, as well as low calcium and high phosphate levels on blood tests. 3. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to raise calcium levels, a low phosphate diet, and medications to bind phosphate in the gut. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, administering IV calcium if needed

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    PARATHYROID GLAND DISORDER

    HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

    Data Base
    A. General information: Etiology and Pathophysiology
    1. Parathyroid glands may not secrete a sufficient amount of parathormone after thyroid surgery, parathyroid surgery, or
    radiation therapy of the neck
    2. May be hereditary, idiopathic, or cause by accidental damage to or removal of parathyroid glands during surgery, e.g.,
    thyroidectomy
    3. As levels of parathormone drop, the serum calcium also drops, causing signs of tetany; a concomitant rise in serum
    phosphate occurs
    B. Clinical findings
    1. Subjective
    a. Photophobias (visual disturbances); Irritability; Dyspnea (bronchospasm); Dysphagia
    b. Tingling of extremities; muscle cramps and cramps in the abdomen or in the extremities
    2. Objective
    a. Trousseau’s sign (carpopedal spasm): induced by application of blood pressure cuff for 3 minutes
    b. Chvostek’s sign (contraction of the facial muscles such as mouth, nose, and eyes in response to tapping over
    the facial nerve near the angle of the jaw)
    c. Stridor, wheezing from laryngeal spasm
    d. Tremors; Convulsions/seizures; Hypotension
    e. Cataracts if the disease is chronic
    f. Diagnostic tests
     Serum calcium levels decreased (hypocalcemia)
     Serum phosphate levels elevated (hyperphosphatemia)
     Skeletal x-rays reveal increased bone density
     Decreased parathormone
     Cardiac dysrhythmias
    C. Therapeutic interventions
    1. Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate given IV for emergency treatment of overt tetany
    2. Calcium salts administered orally (calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate)
    3. Vitamin D (dihydrotachysterol, ergocalciferol) to increase absorption of calcium from the GI tract
    4. Parathormone injections
    5. High-calcium, low-phosphate diet
    6. Aluminum hydroxide to decrease absorption of phosphorus from the GI tract

    Nursing Care of Clients with Hypoparathyroidism

    A. ASSESSMENT 9. For tetany or generalized muscle cramps, may


    1. History of muscle spasms, numbness or use rebreathing bag to produce mild respiratory
    tingling of extremities, visual disturbances, or acidosis
    convulsions 10. Maintain seizure precautions; reduce
    2. Presence of neuromuscular irritability environmental stimuli
    3. Status of respiratory functioning 11. Provide drug and dietary instruction including
    4. Heart rate and rhythm elimination of milk, cheese, and egg yolks
    5. Serum calcium and phosphate levels because of high phosphorus content
    12. Teach symptoms of hypocalcemia; instruct
    B. ANALYSIS client to contact physician immediately if either
    1. Ineffective airway clearance related to should occur
    laryngeal spasm 13. Instruct the client to wear Medic-Alert bracelet
    2. Risk for injury related to neuromuscular 14. Provide client teaching and discharge planning
    irritability concerning
    a. Medication regimen; oral calcium
    C. PLANNING/IMPLEMENTATION preparations and vitamin D to be
    1. Monitor vital signs taken with meals to increase
    2. Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia and tetany absorption of calcium
    3. Prepare to administer IV calcium gluconate or b. Need to recognize and report signs
    calcium chloride for hypocalcemia as and symptoms of hypocalcemia and
    prescribed hypercalcemia
    4. Provide high-calcium and low-phosphorus diet c. Importance of follow-up care with
    5. Instruct the client in the administration of periodic serum calcium levels
    calcium supplements as prescribed
    6. Instruct the client in the administration of D. EVALUATION/OUTCOMES
    vitamin D supplements as prescribed; vitamin 1. Remains free from neuromuscular irritability
    D enhances the absorption of calcium from the 2. Maintains respiratory functioning within
    GI tract normal limits
    7. Instruct the client in the administration of
    phosphate binders, as prescribed, to promote
    the excretion of phosphate through the GI tract
    8. Observe for respiratory distress and have
    emergency equipment available for
    tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation at the
    bedside
    HTTP://WWW.COLLEGEOFNURSING.CJB.NET ST. MICHAEL’S COLLEGE, INC. – ILIGAN CITY

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