Practices of Crop Production

(Crop Sci 2)

Laboratory Exercise No. 1: Farm Tools, Equipment and Implements for Land Preparation

Introduction

Knowledge of different tools and implements commonly used for various crop production
operations is essential. A person should know and use the right type of tool/implement for a particular
operation to achieve maximum efficiency and quick outcome of work along with proper maintenance,
repairs and storage of tools and implements. Some tools are simple and are used for simple operations.
However, there is some special equipment required for specific operations. Therefore, adequate
selection of suitable tools/implements is very important to exercise/ carryout various operations from
the stage of land preparation to harvesting.

Objectives

At the end of the activity, the students are expected to be able to:

1. Identify the farm tools, equipment and implements use during land preparation in upland and low
land cultivation;
2. Differentiate the difference between farm equipment and implements; and
3. Learn the uses and functions of farm tools, equipment and implements used during land
preparation.

Materials and Methods

Materials

For this exercise, the students are required to prepare the following materials: Laptop (any
device preferred), digital camera, internet connection and farm tools, equipment and implements.

Methodology

Activity 1: Identification of farm tools, equipment and implements

In this activity, students are required to search for farm tools, equipment and implements used
in upland and lowland cultivation through library research, e-books and other trusted website sources
on the internet. As many as possible, the student should be able to provide images and list down the
name and uses/function of each tool, equipment and implements in the table provided (refer to Table 1
and 2). Sources of images and information should be cited properly at the list of references.

1
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
Activity 2: Guide Questions

In this activity, students are required to answer each of the guide questions provided below.

2
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 Practices of Crop Production
(Crop Sci 2)

Laboratory Exercise No. 1 Worksheet

Name of Student: Roxan Mae M. Amplayo Date Performed:

Year & Section: Date Submitted:

Activity no. 1

Table 1. Farm tools, equipment and implement use in lowland cultivation.

Name Uses/Purpose Images (include image sources)

Compact, weighted
machete good for
Bolo harvesting crops and
chopping woody
vegetation.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FBolo_knife&psig=AOvVaw0rPkQrqo2XMeLFBJ_Qe6oO&ust=1679222240381000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCIjdkruk5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAAB
AD

A spade is used for

removing soil or
Spade trash. It can also be
used for digging.

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/images/thumb/spade_144303169_250.jpg?version=4.0.302

This is a simple garden

instrument used
for cultivating garden
Hand Cultivator
plots and removing
weeds.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faithfulltools.com%2Fp%2FFAIESSHCUL%2FEssentials-Hand-
Cultivator&psig=AOvVaw1BycF5Sel55dOyH4zSiqfp&ust=1679222925268000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCLixvYun5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

It is used for digging

outroots, loosening
soil and turning
Spading fork
materials in a compost
heap.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmarwaydiy.com%2Fen%2Fhome%2F585-spading-fork-
5290845041633.html&psig=AOvVaw2y_nLv391Pk6C5vOri4WZS&ust=1679223711005000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCMDcm_-
p5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

3
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 It is used for cutting
wood andbig branches
Axe
of trees.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.partycity.com%2Fclassic-axe-
393374.html&psig=AOvVaw0JyyzptfAI2I65bpVbUZlf&ust=1679224771640000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCPDXxPKt5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAV

A pail is a round-
shaped, handled
container with a
handle that is used for
carrying liquids or
other things. ... A
vessel
Water pails of wood, tin, plastic,
etc., usually cylindrical
and having a handle --
used especially for
carrying liquids, for
example water or
milk;
a bucket (sometimes https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.singmah.com%2Fproducts%2F38600-WATER-PAIL-FOR-

with a cover).
MOP&psig=AOvVaw04wNwVVJyUh8zmMBk8CX1r&ust=1679225044586000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCOjjhv6u5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAQ

A wheelbarrow is used
for moving
lightweight items such
as fertilizers,
Wheelbarrow manures, plants,
seeds, waste
materials, and
other things around
the field
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Froyalty-free-stock-image-wheelbarrow-silver-white-background-
image38354346&psig=AOvVaw0tIN68nnYgHsTahZtbGW-
t&ust=1679225463116000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCJCg7ruw5f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Used for loosening

and leveling soil and
Light hoe
digging out
furrows. for planting. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FWhat-is-a-light-
hoe&psig=AOvVaw2vzzw9RF440Kht5wGkuEcl&ust=1679296908555000&source=images&cd=vfe&ve
d=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCICKs9C65_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
 Breaking up earth,
digging small holes,
especially for planting
and weeding, mixing
Trowel
in fertilizer or other
additives, and
transferring plants to
pots. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kindpng.com%2Fimgv%2FxJbxwb_trowel-hand-trowel-farm-tools-hd-png-download
%2F&psig=AOvVaw2r8tvK_mLfYxVcyOqIHFCM&ust=1679297961522000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCKioz82-5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

Harvesting of
vegetables, cereal
Sickle crops and cutting of
the grass and other
vegetative matters. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingsguyana.com%2F9-uses-of-the-sickle-aka-grass-knife%2F&psig=AOvVaw2HbHEZVB7m7kAJOq--
UmWR&ust=1679298133388000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCJiZ1pe_5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

4
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
Table 2. Farm tools, equipment and implement use in upland cultivation.

Name Uses/Purpose Images

Fertilizer Sprayer Used for applying
liquid substances such
as fertilizers and
pesticides to plants
during the crop
growth cycle. 
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%2Fpaper%2FDesign-and-Development-of-Fertilizer-Spraying-Sakthivel-Sathish
%2F6a2d57934dfcbf2f3a035e511a8648d183255ea1&psig=AOvVaw1fRpV0Ksykrgr7AaW0WSUw&ust=1679298455184000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwo
TCLDth7LA5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Seed drill A seed drill is a device

used in agriculture
that sows seeds for
crops by positioning
them in the soil and
burying them to a
specific depth while
being dragged by a
tractor. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture-xprt.com%2Fcrop-cultivation%2Fseed-drills%2Fproducts%2Fnear-
philippines&psig=AOvVaw1iQjmdhYA7zUUv0lg9YhKZ&ust=1679302988125000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCNi2iajR5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Harrow   Used to pulverize

soil, break up crop
residues, uproot
weeds, and cover
seed.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tractorjunction.com%2Fblog%2Ftop-10-harrow-tool-for-farming
%2F&psig=AOvVaw1YlZj0GJBaURN_12nGl5SA&ust=1679301461715000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCOiOp8vL5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAH

Tractor A tractor is an
engineering vehicle
specifically designed
to deliver a high
tractive effort (or
torque) at slow
speeds, for the
purposes of hauling a
trailer or machinery
such as that used in
agriculture, mining or
construction. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffordtractor.ph%2Ffarm-equipment-philippines%2F&psig=AOvVaw0VQjblrf_McG0r4vM-
BBXN&ust=1679299837620000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCPDB68XF5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

5
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 Motocultor The motocultor mini
tractor is a multi-
purpose small walking
machine used for
traction and
transportation.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-detail%2Ftwo-wheels-mini-motor-
motocultor-china_1600191917237.html&psig=AOvVaw1FBZgqgaxWU2Nw_M0cB-
AO&ust=1679493182671000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCKj0iumV7f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAQ

Trailer Necessary for farm

operations. These are
primarily used to
move hay, harvested
goods, fertilizers,
feed, and small
equipment from one
location to another. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dla9V4imrPzc&psig=AOvVaw3S1vAWabQ-b8Abe-
UxymWz&ust=1679301319204000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCNCGpYjL5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Water pump A water pump is a

machine used to
increase the pressure of
water in order to move
it from one point to
another. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hening.com.my%2Fv1%2Fproduct%2Falfaerre-ar20-water-pump
%2F&psig=AOvVaw0QFHtzcbOQ5xiwcNW0xYvh&ust=1679301896068000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFwoTCJib2qPN5_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

FERTILIZER Spreaders are

SPREADER used to evenly
distribute fertilizer
and grass seed
across your lawn.
There are two
types: drop and
broadcast, also
known as a rotary
spreader. There
are two types of
broadcast
spreaders: walk-
behind and hand-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuhn-usa.com%2Fcrop%2Ffertilizer-

held. spreaders&psig=AOvVaw2O9hq1ybcd242Po_ZHfNsr&ust=1679495400600000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjRxqFw
oTCPiKneOe7f0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

6
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 Chisel Chisel meaning is a
hand tool used
for carving, cutting,
shaping hard
materials such as
wood, stone, metal. It
is one of the most
common tools used to
shape wood, mostly in
carpentry work. The
chisel tool used in
wood and wood
carving is a sharp-
edged hand chisel tool
similar to a https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.machinefinder.com%2F33816%2Ffield-cultivator-
vs-chisel-plow-what-is-the-
screwdriver. difference&psig=AOvVaw1vPkkB5rcAus6W_tvsLcXF&ust=1679536943807000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA
0QjRxqFwoTCJjnmPa47v0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Cultipacker A cultipacker is a piece

of agricultural
equipment
that crushes dirt clods,
removes air pockets,
and presses down
small stones, forming
a smooth, firm
seedbed. Where seed
has been broadcast,
the roller gently firms
the soil around the
seeds, ensuring
shallow seed
placement and good
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki

seed-to-soil contact.
%2FCultipacker&psig=AOvVaw2avvAHzcmnY0Mtweo1EMpH&ust=1679536798278000&source=im
ages&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCLCl2qG47v0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

Guide Questions:

1. Provide the definition of the following: (15 pts)

a) farm tools - instruments used on farms to aid work, reduce labour, and improve effectiveness.
b) farm implement - a tractor or machine, including any associated accessories, attachments, fuel,
and repair parts, used exclusively and directly in farming.
c) farm equipment - equipment, machinery, and repair parts manufactured for use on farms in
connection with the production or preparation for market use of food resources.

2. Differentiate farm equipment from farm implements. (5 pts)

Answer: The farm equipment these are machines used in crop production. They are used in land
preparation and in transporting farm inputs and products, and this equipment needs a highly skilled
operator to use, while farm implements are either accessories pulled by animals or mounted to
machines to make the work easier.

7
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 3. What is land levelling? Why is it important in lowland rice cultivation? (5 pts)
The term “Land Leveling” generally applies to mechanized grading of agricultural land based on a
detailed engineering survey, design, and layout. In only a few special situations does the final product of
land leveling result in a level field. Land Levelling is import in lowland rice cultivation because

it improves water use efficiency, increases grain yield, and improves grain quality and prevents the top
fertile soil from being carried away by strong winds or washed away by rainwater.

4. What is furrowing? (5 pts)

A furrow is a groove or a depression. Originally, furrows were created in soil for water to flow. Now, its
most common meaning is of a deep line or wrinkle on the face, as in a "furrowed brow."

5. In a tabular form, differentiate the land preparation operations in upland and lowland cultivation.
(25 pts)

Table 3. Land preparation in upland and lowland cultivation.

Operations Lowland Upland

Irrigation Requires more water Less water
Leveling No higher than 200 m (660 ft). Somewhere between 200 m
(660 ft) and 500 m (1,600 ft).

Plowing  Cold, clear and rocky whose warm with slow-flowing rivers
rivers are fast-flowing in found in relatively flat lowland
mountainous areas areas, with water that is
frequently colored
by sediment and organic
matter.
 Rice fields Puddled to develop a hard pan Not necessarily have to be
and reduce water loss. puddled

References:
Simwa, A. (2022, November 28). Common farm tools and equipment: Names, uses, and pictures.

Legit.ng - Nigeria News. https://www.legit.ng/1186398-farm-tools-uses-pictures.html

Farm implement Definition | Law Insider. (n.d.). Law Insider.

https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/farm-implement

Definition: Farm equipment from 10 CFR § 217.20 | LII / Legal Information Institute. (n.d.).

https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/index.php?

8
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22
 width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=4e19e95599350b5c33e9fa49b522ca10&term_oc

cur=999&term_src=Title:10:Chapter:II:Subchapter:A:Part:217:Subpart:C:217.38

Land levelling - wocatpedia.net. (n.d.). https://wocatpedia.net/wiki/Land_levelling

Furrow - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms. (n.d.). Vocabulary.com.

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/furrow#:~:text=furrows%3B%20furrowed%3B

%20furrowing,in%20a%20%22furrowed%20brow.%22

Land preparation - IRRI Rice Knowledge Bank. (n.d.). http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-

production/pre-planting/land-preparation#:~:text=Different%20rice%20ecosystems%20have

%20different,dry%20preparation%20can%20be%20adapted.

Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 3). Upland and lowland. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland_and_lowland

9
CSU-CAA Supplemental Lecture Notes | CROPSCI 2, Rev. 0, 03-7-22