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    Social Psychology

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    Rax
    Communication is a process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver using a communication channel. It can occur through verbal methods like oral or written communication, or nonverbal methods like body language, gestures, and eye contact. There are also formal and informal styles of communication. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, sending it through a channel, a receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Barriers to effective communication can be physical, psychological, due to perceptions or cultural/linguistic differences, or mechanical issues that interfere with the message passing through the communication channel.

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    Social Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Rax
    19 views2 pages
    Communication is a process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver using a communication channel. It can occur through verbal methods like oral or written communication, or nonverbal methods like body language, gestures, and eye contact. There are also formal and informal styles of communication. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, sending it through a channel, a receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Barriers to effective communication can be physical, psychological, due to perceptions or cultural/linguistic differences, or mechanical issues that interfere with the message passing through the communication channel.

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    Social psychology

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    Communication is a process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver using a communication channel. It can occur through verbal methods like oral or written communication, or nonverbal methods like body language, gestures, and eye contact. There are also formal and informal styles of communication. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, sending it through a channel, a receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Barriers to effective communication can be physical, psychological, due to perceptions or cultural/linguistic differences, or mechanical issues that interfere with the message passing through the communication channel.

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    19 views2 pages

    Social Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Rax
    Communication is a process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver using a communication channel. It can occur through verbal methods like oral or written communication, or nonverbal methods like body language, gestures, and eye contact. There are also formal and informal styles of communication. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, sending it through a channel, a receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Barriers to effective communication can be physical, psychological, due to perceptions or cultural/linguistic differences, or mechanical issues that interfere with the message passing through the communication channel.

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    NOTE 4 COMMUNICATION

    What is communication?

    Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and


    emotions. It involves a sender who encodes and sends the message, which is then carried
    via the communication channel to the receiver where the receiver decodes the message,
    processes the information and sends an appropriate reply via the same communication
    channel.

    Types of communication
    Communication can occur via various processes and methods and depending on the
    channel used and the style of communication. There can be various types of
    communication.

    (a) Verbal communication: Verbal communication is further divided into written and
    oral communication.
    1. Oral communication refers to the spoken words in the communication process.
    2. Written communication can be either via snail mail, or email.

    (b) Non-verbal communication: Non-verbal communication includes the overall body


    language of the person who is speaking
    1. Gestures
    2. Body language and posture
    3. Eye gaze
    4. Appearance

    Types of Communication Based on Style and Purpose

    (c) Formal Communication: Formal communication includes all the instances where
    communication has to occur in a set formal format. Typically this can include all sorts of
    business communication or corporate communication.
    (d) Informal Communication: Informal communication includes instances of free
    unrestrained communication between people who share a casual rapport with each other.
    Informal communication requires two people to have a similar wavelength and hence
    occurs between friends and family.

    Communication process

    The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It is


    through the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning between the
    sender and the receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication process
    will have the opportunity to become more productive in every aspect of their profession.
    Effective communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up
    of four key components. The communication process begins with the sender and ends
    with the receiver.
    The Source/Encoder
    The sender begins the communication process by forming the ideas, intentions and
    feelings that will be transmitted. As the sender, you are required to filter out the details
    that are unimportant and focus your energy on the most relevant information. The source,
    or encoder, makes the decision to communicate.

    The Message
    The second element of the communication is the message, or that information which is
    being communicated. The source encodes an idea and then determines whether or not to
    inform, persuade, or entertain.

    Channel
    Channels are the means (that is, pathways or devices) by which messages are
    communicated. The source may speak face-to-face with the receiver, use a public address
    system to talk with a hundred listeners, or talk over radio or television to million of
    receivers.

    Receiver/Decoder
    The person (or persons) who attend to the source’s message is the receiver. The act of
    interpreting messages is called decoding. Receivers decode messages based on past
    experiences, perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

    Feedback
    Another element in the communication process is feedback. Each party in an interaction
    continuously sends messages back to the other. This return process is called feedback.
    Feedback tells the source how the receiver has interpreted each message.

    Barriers to communications

    Barriers' are any obstacles or difficulties that come in the way of communication. They
    may be physical, mechanical, psychological cultural or linguistic in nature.

    (a) Physical Barriers: Physical barriers are often due to the nature of the environment.
    (b) Psychological Barriers Psychological barriers such as people's state of mind.
    (c) Perception barriers: We view what is said from our own mindset.
    (d) Linguistics and Cultural Barriers: The use of difficult or inappropriate words in
    communication can prevent people from understanding the message.
    (e) Language barriers: Variations in language, accent and dialect.
    (f) Gender barriers: There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man
    and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas
    a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and
    at the age of three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys.
    (g)Mechanical Barriers Channels become barrier when the message is interfered with
    by some disturbance

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