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    Experiment Five

    Uploaded by

    Susana Dakora
    This document describes an experiment to isolate caffeine, a natural stimulant, from tea. Students extract caffeine from tea bags by boiling them in water and adding sodium carbonate to make tannins water-insoluble. They then extract the solution with dichloromethane, dry it with sodium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent to obtain caffeine. The percentage of caffeine in tea is calculated from the total amount isolated over the total amount of tea used. A similar process could be used to extract caffeine from instant coffee by dissolving it first.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment Five

    Uploaded by

    Susana Dakora
    83 views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to isolate caffeine, a natural stimulant, from tea. Students extract caffeine from tea bags by boiling them in water and adding sodium carbonate to make tannins water-insoluble. They then extract the solution with dichloromethane, dry it with sodium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent to obtain caffeine. The percentage of caffeine in tea is calculated from the total amount isolated over the total amount of tea used. A similar process could be used to extract caffeine from instant coffee by dissolving it first.

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    EXPERIMENT FIVE.docx

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    This document describes an experiment to isolate caffeine, a natural stimulant, from tea. Students extract caffeine from tea bags by boiling them in water and adding sodium carbonate to make tannins water-insoluble. They then extract the solution with dichloromethane, dry it with sodium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent to obtain caffeine. The percentage of caffeine in tea is calculated from the total amount isolated over the total amount of tea used. A similar process could be used to extract caffeine from instant coffee by dissolving it first.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    83 views4 pages

    Experiment Five

    Uploaded by

    Susana Dakora
    This document describes an experiment to isolate caffeine, a natural stimulant, from tea. Students extract caffeine from tea bags by boiling them in water and adding sodium carbonate to make tannins water-insoluble. They then extract the solution with dichloromethane, dry it with sodium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent to obtain caffeine. The percentage of caffeine in tea is calculated from the total amount isolated over the total amount of tea used. A similar process could be used to extract caffeine from instant coffee by dissolving it first.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    EXPERIMENT FIVE

    ISOLATION OF A NATURAL PRODUCT: CAFFEINE


    OBJECTIVE

    To isolate a natural product from tea.

    INTRODUCTION

    Caffeine is a natural product present in tea and coffee. It is also found in cola nuts used to make

    coca cola and Pepsi cola. Caffeine is a mild stimulant. In pure form it is a white crystalline solid

    that melts at 235-236oC. It is moderately soluble in water (2.2g in 100ml water), but more

    soluble in common organic solvents.

    Caffeine belongs to a nitrogen class of compounds called purines.

    In this experiment you will extract caffeine from ordinary tea bags using hot water. This

    procedure will also extract tannins, another class of compounds present in tea. Tannins are acidic

    and by addition of sodium carbonate can make into salts that are soluble in water, but insoluble

    in organic solvents. In this experiment dichloromethane is used as the organic solvent.


    PRELAB ASSESSMENT

    1. What is meant by the term natural product?

    2. What is the purpose of adding anhydrous sodium sulfate?

    3. Draw a labelled flow diagram to represent the steps in this extraction of caffeine from tea.

    APPARATUS & CHEMICALS

    Beaker, 600ml Tea bags

    Beaker,100ml Sodium carbonate,10g

    Conical flask,100ml Anhydrous sodium sulfate,2g

    Measuring cylinder (50 or 100ml) Dichloromethane,50ml

    Funnel and filter paper Spatula

    PROCEDURE

    1. Add tap water to the 200ml mark of a 600ml beaker. Bring the water to a brisk boiling

    using a Bunsen burner

    2. Turn off the Bunsen flame and add 8 tea bags. Let the labels hand outside the beaker so

    that the tea bags will be easy to remove later. Let the tea bag soak in the hot water for

    15mins. Make sure that all tea bags are covered with water.

    3. Weigh out approximately 10g of sodium carbonate in a weighing boat. Do not try to get

    exactly 10.00g.

    4. Remove the tea bags one by one and squeeze each bag gently against the inside of the

    beaker with a spatula to get as much product as possible. Be careful not to break any bag.
    Leave the used bags in a small beaker, not on the table as they can cause stains. Discard

    the used tea bags in the waste bin.

    5. Add the solution carbonate to the tea bag solution. Stir to dissolve the solid.

    6. Leave the solution to cool to room temperature. This can be speeded up by adding ice.

    Wash your hands and any liquid that may have been spilled on the table.

    7. Transfer the solution to a 250ml separating funnel.

    8. Add 25ml of dichloromethane. Place the stopper firmly on the funnel and gently turn the

    separating funnel upside down a few times. Do not shake vigorously as this will produce

    an emulsion.

    9. Let the layers separate. This may be speeded up by gently swirling the funnel a couple of

    times. When the layers have separated or almost separated, drain off the lower

    dichloromethane layer into a 100ml conical flask. Avoid getting a lot of emulsion into the

    flask.

    10. Repeat step 8 and 9 and drain off the dichloromethane layer into the same conical flask

    11. To the combined dichloromethane extracts, add 2g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to dry the

    solution. Swirl the flask occasionally over a period of 2min.

    12. Clamp a funnel by its stem and filter the solution into a dry, clean 100ml beaker.

    13. Place the beaker on a steam bath in the fume hood and boil off the solvent till complete

    dryness.

    14. Use a spatula to scrap as much caffeine from the sides and the bottom of the beaker as

    possible onto a watch glass and hand in your sample to instructor.

    SAFETY NOTES: Dichloromethane is toxic. Evaporation of the solvent must be performed in

    the fume hood. Be careful with boiling hot water.


    QUESTIONS

    1. Using this procedure, 56 students each using 8 tea bags isolated a total of 7.86g of

    caffeine. With each bag containing on average 1.9g of tea, calculate the content in

    percentage (%) of caffeine in the tea.

    2. Could we use similar process to extract caffeine from Nescafe instant coffee? Explain

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