UMS

Thesis/Dissertation Submission
and Writing Guidelines

CENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDIES

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
2018
1. NAME

These guidelines are named UMS Thesis/Dissertation Submission and Writing Guidelines.

2. PURPOSES

The purposes of these guidelines are:

a) to assist postgraduate students in writing their thesis/dissertation according to a

standardised format.
b) to briefly explain the concepts that are required in writing a thesis/dissertation.
c) to provide guidance to supervisors and the Centre for Postgraduate Studies about
the standard for writing thesis/dissertation.

3. DEFINITIONS

These guidelines provide details for the following definitions:

a) Thesis: A report of an academic research that is submitted by a student to fulfil the

requirements of Master’s by Research and Doctor of Philosophy programmes.
b) Dissertation: A report of an academic research that is submitted by a student to fulfil
the requirements of a Master’s by Coursework programme.
c) Candidate/Student: A person who has registered to undertake the Postgraduate
Studies Programme at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS).
d) Supervisor: An academician who has been nominated by the Faculty and has been
approved by the Senate Committee to supervise a student’s study.
e) Completed Thesis/Dissertation: A hardbound copy that has been corrected.

4. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Submission of Thesis/Dissertation
A candidate is required to submit a completed thesis/dissertation after it has been examined
and corrected according to the guidelines that are set by the Centre for Postgraduate
Studies.

a) Conditions for Conferment of Degree

A student is required to fulfil these conditions in order to receive his/her degree. The
University shall not confer the degree to a candidate who fails to do so.

b) Copies of Thesis/Dissertation

A student must submit three (3) copies of hardbound thesis/dissertation and a copy of a CD
in PDF format to the following:

i. One copy of CD and one hardbound copy to the University Library.

ii. One hardbound copy to the Faculty.
iii. One hardbound copy to the supervisor.

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c) Plagiarism

Universiti Malaysia Sabah provides a plagiarism-checker software for students in order to

assist them in preventing plagiarism. For the purpose of submitting a thesis/dissertation
draft for the viva voce, a candidate is required to submit a copy of the result of the
plagiarism checker (not more than 30% similarity) that has been certified by the supervisor
to the Centre for Postgraduate Studies. Failure to do so will result in the viva voce not able
to be carried out.

d) University Property

All theses/dissertations become permanent properties of Universiti Malaysia Sabah whereby

original copyrights are owned by the University, not the authors of the theses/dissertations.
Any publication from the thesis/dissertation, or part of it, requires prior permission from the
University.

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5. STUDENT’S GUIDE

NOMINATION OF THESIS EXAMINERS

FIRST PHASE:

ACTION PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2

STUDENT Download and complete Notice of Prepare thesis:

Thesis/Dissertation Submission • 3 sets – Master’s
Form then submit to respective • 4 sets – PhD
F/C/I. • Soft cover, double-sided pages
single sided printing

SUPERVISOR Comment and confirm student’s

Notice of Thesis/Dissertation
Submission Form.

FACULTY/CENTRE/ Endorse and confirm student’s

INSTITUTE (F/C/I) Notice of Thesis/Dissertation
Submission Form at F/C/I meeting
for suggestions for external and
internal examiners.

CENTRE FOR Confirm student’s thesis Appoint external and internal

POSTGRADUATE examiners at Postgraduate examiners.
STUDIES Committee meeting.
(CPS) Inform student to submit thesis to
CPS.

SENATE MEETING Approve student’s thesis

examiners at Senate meeting.

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SUBMISSION OF THESIS

SECOND PHASE:

ACTION PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2 PROCESS 3

STUDENT • Download and • Submit • Inform about

complete thesis/dissertation* to date of viva voce.
Thesis/Dissertatio CPS +
n Submission for Thesis/Dissertation
Examination Form Submission for
then submit to Examination Form
respective F/C/I. * Soft cover, double-sided
pages.

SUPERVISOR • Comment and

confirm student’s
Thesis/Dissertatio
n Submission for
Examination Form.

FACULTY/CENTRE/ • Endorse and confirm

INSTITUTE (F/C/I) student’s
Thesis/Dissertatio
n Submission for
Examination Form.

CENTRE FOR • Submit thesis to • Select and

POSTGRADUATE external and internal confirm date of
STUDIES examiners. viva voce after
(CPS) receiving
Examiner’s
Reports.

EXAMINERS • Receive student’s • Submit

thesis/dissertation. Examination
• Duration of Report to CPS.
examination:
Master’s – 1 month
PhD – 2 months

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ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL EXAMINATION (VIVA VOCE SESSION)

THIRD PHASE (RESULTS: 1-3 MONTHS/3-6 MONTHS):

ACTION PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2 PROCESS 3

CENTRE FOR • Viva voce session in • Accept • Receive

POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES (CPS) progress. thesis/dissertation hardbound
• Present letter of after corrections thesis/dissertation
results and PPPS/HEA- from student from student.
Pep/0004 [amendment including PPPS/HEA- • Student’s name is
2017] Form to Pep/0004 endorsed in the
student. Postgraduate
[amendment 2017]
Committee
Form for
meeting and
confirmation, and Senate meeting.
return student’s (Pass &
thesis after checking Completion of
format/writing style. Study)

EXAMINERS • Send a copy of letter • Internal examiner

of results to the signs PPPS/HEA-
external/internal Pep/0004
examiners for [amendement 2017]
notification and Form.
reference.

SUPERVISOR • Send a copy of letter • Supervisor signs

of results to the PPPS/HEA-Pep/0004
supervisor for [amendment 2017]
notification and Form.
reference.

FACULTY/ • Send a copy of letter • Dean signs

CENTRE/ of results to the F/C/I PPPS/HEA-
INSTITUTE for notification and Pep/0004
(F/C/I) reference. [amendment 2017]
Form.

STUDENT • Receive letter of • Complete • Receive letter of

results and corrections for Pass & Completion
PPPS/HEA-Pep/0004 thesis/dissertation of Study.
[amendment 2017] with internal
Form and copies of examiner within the
external/internal given duration for
examiner’s reports. correction.

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 ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL EXAMINATION (VIVA VOCE SESSION)

THIRD PHASE (RESULT: 12-MONTH POSTPONEMENT) *Without repeating viva

voce

ACTION PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2 PROCESS 3 PROCESS 4

CENTRE FOR • Viva voce • Accept • Submit thesis to • Receive

POSTGRADUAT session in thesis/dissertation external and second
E STUDIES progress. after corrections from internal examiners. Examination
(CPS) • Present letter student including Report.
of results and PPPS/HEA-Pep/0003 • Conduct
PPPS/HEA- [amendment 2016] discussion of
Pep/0003 the outcome
Form for confirmation,
[amendment of the viva
and return thesis to
2016] Form to voce session
student. external and internal (internal).
examiners for re- • Notify
examination according results to
to the original duration student.
for examination.

EXAMINERS • Send a copy • Receive student’s • Submit Thesis

of letter of thesis/dissertation. Examination
results to • Duration of Report to CPS.
external/inter examination:
nal examiners PhD –2 months
for Master’s –1
notification month
and
SUPERVISOR • Send a copy • Supervisor signs
of letter of PPPS/HEA-Pep/0003
results to the [amendment 2016]
supervisor for Form.
notification
and
reference.
FACULTY/ • Send a copy of • Dean signs PPPS/HEA-
CENTRE/ letter of Pep/0003 [amendment
INSTITUTE results to the 2016] Form.
(F/C/I) F/C/I for
notification
and reference.
STUDENT • Receive letter of • Complete corrections
results and for thesis/dissertation
PPPS/HEA- with internal examiner
Pep/0003 within the given
[amendment duration for correction.
2016] form and
copies of external
/internal
examiner’s

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6. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THESIS/DISSERTATION WRITING

6.1 LANGUAGE
Bahasa Melayu or English (foreign language should be italicised).

6.2 TYPING AND PRINTING OF TEXT

a) The thesis/dissertation should be typed with a computer and printed with a laser
printer.
b) Use Tahoma except for scientific symbols.
c) Use font size 11 for the main text and size 9 for footnotes and endnotes.
d) Do not indent the first paragraph (i.e. begin on the left margin). The subsequent
paragraphs begin with one indent.
e) Set the page numbering in the centre of the bottom page (28 mm from the
bottom border).
f) Left margin – set at 38 mm from the left border.
g) Right, top, and bottom margins – set at 28 mm from the right, top, and bottom
borders.
h) Use black for the main text.
i) Italicise all foreign languages.
j) Total number of words in the thesis/dissertation (main content only):

i. By Research
- Doctor of Philosophy Thesis : Not more than 100,000 words
- Master’s/Master of Philosophy Thesis : Not more than 60,000 words

ii. By Coursework
- Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation : Not more than 60,000 words
- Master’s Dissertation : Not more than 20,000 words

6.3 TITLE FORMAT

a. Thesis/Dissertation Title on Hardcover

i. The thesis/dissertation title should be typed in capital letters, bold, and font
size 18.
ii. The title should be centred in between the left and right margins (inverted
pyramid).
iii. Use single spacing for titles with more than one line.
iv. Do not use abbreviations in the title.
v. The name of candidate should be typed in capital letters, bold, and font size
18.
vi. The name of Faculty should be typed in capital letters, bold, and font size 18.
vii. The thesis/dissertation title should not exceed 20 words.

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 b. Chapter Title

i. The chapter title is typed in capital letters, bold, and font size 14.
ii. The title is centred between the left and right margins.
iii. Use single spacing for titles with more than one line.

c. Heading and Subheading

i. The heading and subheading are typed in lowercase, bold, font fize 11. The
first letter of each word is capitalised (except for prepositions (e.g. at, by, for,
from, in, etc) and conjunctions (e.g. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)).
ii. The heading and subheading are aligned left.
iii. Use single spacing for titles with more than one line.

6.4 LINE SPACING

Use 1.5-line spacing for the main text in the thesis/dissertation, except for the
following:

a. Chapter title and heading/subheading

b. Declaration
c. Confirmation
d. Acknowledgements
e. Bahasa Melayu abstract and its English translation
f. Table of contents except between chapter titles (1.5 spacing is allowed)
g. Description of tables, figures, photographs, and musical notations
h. References/Bibliography
i. Footnotes/Endnotes
j. Texts with more than 40 words (the text is typed in a new paragraph and one
indent from the left and right margins)

6.5 PARAGRAPHS AND SENTENCES

a. Justify every paragraph.

b. Begin the first paragraph after the title and subtitle from the left without
indentation. The subsequent paragraphs begin with an indent of 12.5 mm (0.5
inch).
c. The spacing between paragraphs is 1.5.
d. A new paragraph at the end of a page should have at least two lines of
complete sentences. Otherwise, the paragraph should begin on the following
page.
e. The last word on a page should not be followed by a hyphen. Otherwise, a
complete word should be typed in the following page. If the final line of a
paragraph becomes the first line on a new page, its length should be at least
one line.
f. A sentence should not begin with a number.
g. Numbers below ten (10) should be written in words. Example: Five attempts,
nine attempts.

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6.6 MARGINS

6.6.1 Margins for Thesis/Dissertation Cover

a. Top margin : 60 mm from top border

b. Bottom margin : 60 mm from bottom border
c. The title should be centred (inverted pyramid) and typed using Tahoma, font
size 18.

6.6.2 Margins for the First Page

a. Top margin : 60 mm from top border

b. Bottom margin : 60 mm from bottom border
c. The title should be centred (inverted pyramid).

6.6.3 Margins for Table of Contents, Declaration, Confirmation of Supervisor,

Acknowledgements, Abstract, Tables, Figures, List of Photographs,
Musical Notations, Terms, and Appendices

a. Top margin : 28 mm from top border

b. Right margin : 28 mm from right border
c. Left margin : 38 mm from left border
d. Bottom margin : 28 mm from bottom border

6.6.4 Margins for the First Page of a New Chapter

a. Top margin : 28 mm from top border

b. Right margin : 28 mm from right border
c. Left margin : 38 mm from left border
d. Bottom margin : 38 mm from bottom border
e. The first page of every chapter of the thesis/dissertation should have a space
of 28 mm between the top border and the title.

6.7 NUMBERING

6.7.1 Pages in the Main Text

a. Insert the page numbering at the bottom centre page using Tahoma, font
size 11.
b. The preliminary pages (such as Title, Table of Contents, Confirmation) should
be numbered using small Roman numerals (e.g. i, ii, iii, etc.). The title on the
first page of the preliminary section is page “i”, but this page is not numbered
(Appendix B).
c. The pages in the main text should be numbered using Arabic numerals (e.g.
1, 2, 3, etc.). The first page of each chapter is not numbered.

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6.7.2 Chapter Titles, Headings, and Subheadings

a. The chapter titles begin as follows: CHAPTER 1, CHAPTER 2, etc.

b. The numbering for the main headings of a chapter should begin with 1.1, 2.1,
etc.
c. The numbering for the subheadings should begin with two numerals, but it
should not exceed three numerals. The numerals are separated by full stops
as follows: 1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.
d. A subheading consisting of more than three numerals should be followed by a
small letter such as a, b, c, or small Roman numerals i, ii, iii, as shown in the
example below.

3.1.1 Research Design Research methodology should reflect the way in which
a phenomenon is best studied (Krauss, 2005). To explore the lived
experiences of this unique group of ESL teachers, a phenomenological case
study design was utilized.

a. Phenomenological case study

Phenomenological research aims to examine the lived experiences…

b. Purata Halaju Air

Purata halaju air adalah mewakili….

e. The numbering for the headings and subheadings in each chapter should
follow the number of the chapter. For example, heading 2.1 is written in
Chapter 2, and heading 3.1 in Chapter 3, etc.

6.7.3 Tables, Figures and Photographs

a. Use font size 11, Tahoma and bold for the titles for tables.
b. The numbering for figures and photographs is the same as the numbering
format for tables.
c. The placement of the titles for tables should be centred, above the tables.
The sources are placed at the bottom of the tables and aligned left. Sources
from the author’s own work does not need to be cited.

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 Example of Table

Table 4.1: Data interpretation: Standard Template Analysis

(Goodness of Fit)

Main Theme Sub Theme Transcript

Participant P1
“…Watching movies, listening to music and
reading novel books…”

Learning Strategies To Participant P2

Strategies Acquire English “…Mostly I used Google to improve my
Vocabulary vocabulary…”

Participant P3
“…Watching movies, listening to rap music
sometimes…”

Participant P4
“…Through reading online novels…”

Participant P5
“…Watching movies, reading books…”

Source: Zainudin Awang (2012); Hair et al. (2010, 2017)

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 Example of Figure

Figure : Below the figure, aligned left,

Source : Below the title of the figure, aligned left

Figure 1.3 : Action Research Project that are apply for a Thesis or
Dissertation
Source : Zuber-Skerritt & Perry (2002, as cited in Rose et al., 2015)

6.8 LIST OF TABLES/FIGURES/PHOTOGRAPHS

This section lists all of the tables/figures/photographs with their page numberings in
the order they are presented in the thesis/dissertation. Figures refer to graphs,
sketches, drawings, or illustrations.

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6.9 LIST OF MUSICAL NOTATIONS

Th title or explanation of the title pertaining to the musical notations should be

similar to the content that is presented in the candidate’s thesis/dissertation.

Title: Musical Notations

6.10 LIST OF SYMBOLS, UNITS, ABBREVIATIONS, FORMULAE, NOMENCLATURE,

TERMS, AND NUMBERS

Symbols, abbreviations, units, formulae, nomenclature, terms, and numbers that are
used in the text have specific meanings pertaining to a field of study, which should
be listed in alphabetical order and bold. Example:

KPM - Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

USIA - United Sabah Islamic Association
WHO - World Health Organisation

6.11 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices are raw data, summaries, or additional statements that support the
findings of the thesis/dissertation. These include parts of the data that is too large to
be fitted into the main texts such as observation data in the form of numbers or
figures (exceeding two pages), programming for computer softwares, and
photographs.

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6.12 MAIN REFERENCE SOURCES FOR FOOTNOTES/ENDNOTES

a. Reference sources should be cited in the main text.

b. Footnotes and endnotes provide additional explanation and are numbered

consecutively from number one (1) for each chapter.

6.13 PAPER

a. Size : A4 (210 mm x 297 mm)

b. Type : 80 gsm simili paper

c. Colour : White

6.14 PRINTING

6.14.1 Texts/Figures/Photographs

a. Only good quality printouts of figures/photographs will be accepted.

b. Text should be printed one-sided only.

6.14.2 Photocopies

Only photocopies of good quality appendices will be acceptable.

6.15 THESIS/DISSERTATION BINDING

a. Cover : Hard cover

b. Size : A4 (210 cm x 297 cm)
c. Colour : i. Dark blue (Postgraduate Diploma/Master’s/Master of
Philosophy)
ii. Maroon (Doctor of Philosophy)

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6.15.1 Hard cover

All of the information on the hard cover of the thesis/dissertation must be typed in
capital letters and gold letterings using Tahoma, font size 18.

TITLE

NAME OF CANDIDATE

NAME OF FACULTY/CENTRE/INSTITUTE

NAME OF UNIVERSITY

YEAR (YEAR OF STUDENT CONVOCATION CEREMONY)

6.15.2 Spine

All of the information below should be typed in capital letters and gold letterings
using Tahoma, font size 16 in the following sequence:

NAME OF CANDIDATE

NAME OF DEGREE (ABBREVIATION)

YEAR (YEAR OF STUDENT CONVOCATION CEREMONY)

ABBREVIATION FOR UNIVERSITY (UMS)

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6.16 ABBREVIATIONS FOR DEGREES

Abbreviations for Degrees

Abbreviation Name of Degree in Name of Degree in

Bahasa Melayu English
PhD Doktor Falsafah Doctor of Philosophy

MPhil Sarjana Falsafah Master of Philosophy

MSc Sarjana Sains Master of Science

MAgricSc Sarjana Sains Pertanian Master of Agricultural Science

MEng Sarjana Kejuruteraan Master of Engineering

MEnvSc Sarjana Sains Sekitaran Master of Environmental

(Kerja Kursus) Science
(Course Work)

MA Sarjana Sastera Master of Arts

MEd Sarjana Pendidikan Master of Education

MAcc Sarjana Perakaunan Master of Accounting

MEcons Sarjana Ekonomi Master of Economics

MBuss Sarjana Perniagaan Master of Business

MFin Sarjana Kewangan Master of Finance

MBA Sarjana Pentadbiran Perniagaan Master in Business Administration

MHCM Sarjana Pengurusan Modal Master in Human Capital

Manusia Management

MPsy Sarjana Psikologi Master of Psychology

PGDip Diploma Pascasiswazah Postgraduate Diploma

DipEd Diploma Pendidikan Diploma of Education

PGCert Sijil Pascasiswazah Postgraduate Certificate

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7. STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS/DISSERTATION

7.1 SEQUENCE

The contents of the thesis/dissertation should be arranged in the following sequence:

TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES/PHOTOGRAPHS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/SYMBOLS
LIST OF APPENDICES
CONTENT OF THE MAIN TEXTS (CHAPTERS)
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Note :
If any of the above section is not required, it can be excluded from the
thesis/dissertation. Each of the section above must begin on a new page.

7.2 TITLE PAGE (Appendix C)

The title page is typed in capital letters according to the following sequence:
a. The title of the thesis/dissertation is placed in the centre (inverted pyramid), is
typed in capital letters, font size 18, without abbreviations or brackets.
b. The name of candidate must be typed in full (according to his/her Identity Card
or Passport) using font size 18 and placed in the centre.
c. The declaration of the thesis/dissertation submission should be stated according
to the degree level. Example:

THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ECONOMICS

d. The name of Faculty/Centre/Institute is typed in full, is placed in the centre

(inverted pyramid) using font size 18.
e. The year refers to the year that the hardbound thesis/dissertation was
submitted. It is placed in the centre, using font size 18. Do not add spacing in
between the name of the Faculty/Centre/Institute and the year of submission.

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7.3 DECLARATION (Appendix E)

This page should begin after the title, which is typed in the centre of the page. It
includes the candidate’s declaration that the thesis/dissertation was the candidate’s
own work, and the source of any extract or summary has been indicated, as follows:
“I hereby acknowledge that I have stated the source of each extract, summary and
reference in this study...”

7.4 CERTIFICATION (Appendix F)

This page is for the certification of the thesis by the supervisor/s. It includes the
student’s name, student’s ID, the title of the thesis, name of the degree, field of
study, and date of the viva.

7.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Appendix G)

Candidates may express their appreciation to individuals or

organisations/associations that have assisted them in the research, not exceeding
one page.

7.6 ABSTRACT (Appendix H)

The abstracts in a thesis/dissertation should be written in two languages namely

English and Bahasa Melayu. If a thesis/dissertation is written in Bahasa Melayu, the
abstract in Bahasa Melayu should precede the abstract in English and vice versa. As
for the translated abstract, the title of the abstract must be written in full. The
abstract should be written in one paragraph, single spacing and not exceeding one
page. See the example in Appendix K.

7.7 LIST OF CONTENTS (Appendix I)

All titles and contents in the thesis/dissertation should be listed and arranged in
order.

7.8 LIST OF TABLES (Appendix J)

All tables in the thesis/dissertation should be listed and arranged in order.

7.9 LIST OF FIGURES/ PHOTOGRAPHS/ SYMBOLS/ ABBREVIATIONS/

GLOSSARY/ APPENDICES (Appendix K, L, M, N, O, P, AND R)

All of the items above should be listed and arranged in order.

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7.10 MAIN TEXT

The number and order of the chapters depend on the requirements of the area of
discipline. Generally, the text in a thesis/dissertation should contain the following:

i. Introduction
The introduction includes the background to the study, problem statement,
research questions, objectives, significance of the research, and other
relevant sections.

ii. Literature Review

This chapter includes a review of past researches related to the topic of the
study.

iii. Methodology
This chapter describes in detail the research methods and procedures used
by the researcher in conducting the study, such as the research approach,
sampling, instrumentation, data analysis and other related procedures.

iv. Research Findings

The research findings are the results that were obtained and presented in the
main text.

v. Discussion and Conclusion

This chapter discusses and summarises the research findings.
vi. Recommendations
The recommendation chapter depends on the need of the area of discipline
and the type of research.

7.11 REFERENCES (APPENDIX U)

This page includes a complete list of references used in the thesis/dissertation in the
main text, tables, figures, and appendices.

The references in the appendix are the sources used by the candidate in his/her
thesis/dissertation write-up. Candidate must use the latest American Psychological
Association (APA) style except for references by Malay authors.

8. FORMAT FOR IN-TEXT CITATIONS

8.1 IN-TEXT CITATIONS

In-text citations are intended to recognise the works of authors that were source of
references in the thesis/dissertation, and also to facilitate other writers or readers in
knowing the sources that were used in the write-up. The in-text citation format is
shown below. Faculties, Centres or Institutes may apply to the UMS Senate to adopt
other format such as the latest APA style.

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8.1.1 Author-Year System

a. This system contains at least two basic parts namely the author and the year
of publication. If the author makes reference to a specific page, that page
must be written after a colon (:) that follows after the year of publication.

Example: (Williams, 2006: 34)

b. For authors with family names (surnames), only their family names should be
cited (refer to example (vi) for family names).

c. If author’s name is in the middle or at the end of a sentence, the reference

should be cited according to the author’s name, year and page (if the extract
has not been modified).

Example: (Williams, 2006: 34)

d. If the author’s name is at the beginning of a sentence, the reference should

be cited according to the author’s name, year and page (if the extract has not
been modified).

Example: Williams (2006: 34)

e. If the extract has been modified, only the author’s name and year need to be
cited.

Example: (Williams, 2008)

f. If there are two or more writers, the names of the authors should be written
as follows:

- For two authors: (Adam & Ahmad, 1998)

- For three and more authors:

i. For first reference: Write the main author’s name only
Example: (Adam et al., 1998)

ii. For the second and subsequent references: Write the surname of
the first author followed by et al. in reference to the other co-
authors.

Example: (Schulz, 2015; Schulz et al., 2011; Papacharissi, 2004).

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g. If the author has two (2) publications or more in the same year, the
references should be cited as follows:

Example:

(Cheah, 2005a)

(Cheah, 2005b)

h. For Malay, Indian and Borneo Native authors, their full names are cited
without ’bin/binti/anak lelaki/anak perempuan/anak’ or a title.

Example:

(Ahmat Adam, 2005)

(Sakthivel Krishnan, 2016)

(Agatha Francis, 2018)

k. For works without year of publication, they are cited as follows:

Example:

(Chye Fook Yee, no yr.)

*Note: ’no yr.’ is the abbreviation for ’no year’.

l. For references without an author, they should be cited as follows:

(Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 (Akta 171), 2001: 3)

(Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, 1966: 45)

(Rancangan Malaysia Ke-10)

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9. REFERENCE LIST FORMAT

9.1 REFERENCES

a. References include all sources that were read and cited in the writing of the
thesis/dissertation.

b. Each reference should be written according to the following sequence:

Name of the author (state whether the author is an an editor, compiler,

organiser - if applicable), year of publication, title of book/article/journal,
edition number (if applicable). Volume number (if applicable). Place of
publication. Name of publisher. Page numbers (for articles in journals or
chapters in books).

c. Electronic references from private websites, Wikipedia, blogs and Facebook are
prohibited except from publicly recognised experts, authorities or official
sources.

d. The examples of writing references are listed below. Faculties, Centres or

Institutes can apply to the UMS Senate to adopt other formats such as the
latest APA style.

9.2 EXAMPLES OF WRITING REFERENCES

a. Unpublished Government Records

Example:
i. C.O. 874/466-Immigration.
ii. Colonial Office 874/1104 – War with Japan.

b. Unpublished Official Documents

Example:
i. Memorandum Persefahaman Antara Kerajaan Negeri Sabah danThe
Summer Institute of Linguistics.

ii. Sabah State Government. Sabah Second Agriculture Policy: 9919-2010,

Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Government Printers.

c. Government Reports

Example:
i. Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Sabah. 1986. Jabatan Perangkaan
Malaysia. 3-21.

ii. Rosenberry, R. (ed.). 2002. World shrimp farming 2002. Annual Report
Number 15. San Diego, USA: Shrimp News International.

iii. World Health Report 1998. World Health Organization (WHO). 1998.
23
d. Archive Files

Example:
i. North Borneo Central Archive. No. 66 – Educational Policy of State-
General.

ii. North Borneo Central Archive, No. 725 – Borneo Fishing Company at Si
Amil
Island-General.

e. Deparmental Files

Example:
i. Fail Pejabat Daerah Beaufort PDB. 7/273/11 – Waran Peruntukan 1986.

ii. A Report on Socio-Economic Survey of Fisherman at Kuala Penyu District,

1986. KO-NELAYAN.

f. Newspapers

Example:
i. Berita Harian. 1987. Kebangkitan Masyarakat Melayu. 8 September. Hlm
5.

ii. Parrish, M. 1992. L.A. firm helps utility with innovative plan. Los Angeles
Times, 4 August. p 2.

g. Theses/Dissertations

Example:

i. Siti Ajar Md Noh. 2017. Pengaruh Konsep Kendiri Fizikal, Afektif dan
Kognitif Terhadap Aktiviti Fizikal Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Pendidikan
Jasmani Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia. (Kertas Projek) Universiti
Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished) (Doctor of Philosophy Thesis)

ii. Cheong, C. H. P. 1999. Perbandingan morfologi Dolichoderus (Kumpulan

thoracius) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) dari Sabah dan Semenanjung
Malaysia serta Potensi Dolichoderus sp. (Kumpulan thoracius) Sabah
sebagai Agen Kawalan Biologi Serangga Perosak. (Masters Thesis)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

h. Working Papers

Example:

i. Ismail Abas. 1989. Tarian-tarian Ritual Sabah, Fungsinya dan Masa

Depannya. Borneo Dialog II Working Paper. Kota Kinabalu. 12-16
September. Organised by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Cawangan Sabah,
Badan Bahasa Sabah with GAPENA and the Sabah State Government.
24
 ii. Primavera, J. H. 1994. Shrimp farming in the Asia Pasific: Environmental
and trade issues and regional cooperation. Paper presented at the
Nautilus Institute Workshop on Trade and Environment in Asia-Pacific:
Prospects for regional cooperation. East-West Centre Honolulu,
Philippines, 23-25 September.

iii. Anton, A. 2003. Bioindicators in River Quality Management. Bengkel

Enviro-course 2002 - Kualiti Air. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia
Sabah.

i. Books

Example:

i. Ahmat Adam. 1992. Sejarah dan Bibliografi Akhbar dan Majalah Melayu
Abad Kesembilan Belas. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

ii. Zimmerman, H. J. 1996. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Application. 2nd ed.
New Delhi: Allied Publishers Ltd and Kluwer Academic Publishers.

iii. Dhont, J., Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 1993. Preparation and use of
Artemia as food for shrimp and prawn larvae. In J. P. McVey (ed.). CRC
Handbook of Mariculture Crustacean Aquaculture 2nd Edition, Volume 1,
pp. 289-313. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

j. Encyclopedia

Example:
i. Coolier’s Encyclopedia. Vol. 16. 1985. London: Macmillan Educational
Company.

ii. Bignell, D. E. & Eggleton, P. 1998. Termites. In P. Calow (ed.)

Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management. Oxford.
Blackwell Scientific, pp. 744-746.

iii. Treece, S. D. 2000. Shrimp Culture. In R.R. Stickney (ed). Encyclopedia

of Aquaculture, pp. 798-868. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

k. Dictionary

Example:
Abd. Nuh & Oemar Bakry. 1996. Kamus Melayu-Arab-Inggeris. Kuala Lumpur:
Victory Agencies.

25
l. Articles

Example:

i. Crain, J. B. 1972. Murut Depopulation and the Sipitang Lun Dayeh.

JMBRAS, 45(2), 110-121.

ii. Shiau, S. Y. & Liu, J. S. 1994. Quantifying the Vitamin K Requirement of

Juvenile Marine Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon, with Menadione. Journal of
Nutrition 124, 227-282.

m. Films

Example:

i. Director’s name is known:

Syamsul Yusof. 2016. Munafik (Fictional Film). Kuala Lumpur: Skop

Production Sdn Bhd.

ii. Director’s name is unknown:

Transit (Fictional Film). 1955. Kota Kinabalu: Borneo Asia Media Sdn
Bhd.

n. Videos

Eample:
i. Director’s name is known:

Rosli Sareya. 2017. UMS: Di Hatiku (Corporate Video). Vimeo.

Retrieved from https://vimeo.com/755632 pada 22 April 2017.

ii. Director’s name is unknown:

PNI Insurance. 2017. Kebahagiaan dalam Tangisan (Video

Advertisement). Youtube. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukjp_-YcE on 26 May 2017.

o. Songs and musical compositions

Example:

Sudirman Hj. Arshad. 2002. Merisik Khabar (Singer). Kuala Lumpur: EMI
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

Manan Ngah. 2002. Merisik Khabar (Composer). Kuala Lumpur: EMI

(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

Adnan Abu Hassan. 2002. Merisik Khabar (Producer). Kuala Lumpur: EMI
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
26
 Habsah Hassan. 2002. Merisik Khabar (Producer). Kuala Lumpur: EMI
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

Mozart, W. A. 1770. “Coronation” mass in C, “Exultate Jubilate: K. 317.

Slovak Philharmonic Chorus and Orchestra, Janos Ferencsik (Conductor),
Laserlight Series 14 098. Santa Monica: Delta Music Incorporated, 1993.

Fictional Film. 1972. Kabus Malam. Jakarta: Puncak Keris.

*References are based on the singer, composer, producer and

lyricist.

p. Maps

Example:

Sabah Agriculture Department. 1996. Peta Taburan Asosiasi Tanah.

q. Internet

Example:

i. Salvation Army International Headquarters. 2004. Retrieved from

http//www.salvation.org.hk/www/what is salvation army/home.htm. on
26 September 2015.

ii. Potter, L., Brookfield, H. & Byron, Y. 2002. The Eastern Sundaland Region
of South-East Asia, Retrieved from
www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu14re/uu14re14.htm pada 21
Februari 2016.

Note:

Information on electronic references must be noted, including the date when

the material was printed.

r. Interview respondents

Example:

Razak Janau. 74 years old. Kampung Padas, Papar. Ketua Kampung Padas.
26 September 2003.

27
10. APPENDICES

A thesis/dissertaion does not necessarily have appendices unless it is needed. The

appendices should be placed after the REFERENCE section in the middle part of the upper
margin. The appendices must be given titles dan written in capital letters. Example,
APPENDIX A dan APPENDIX B.

11. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

a. I intend to submit my thesis in October but my candidature will end in August.
What do I need to do?

According to the Postgraduate Studies Regulations, a student’s candidature must be active

in order to submit his/her thesis. In this case, the student needs to appy for an extension at
least two (2) months before the registration date of the new semester commences. A
completed copy of the PPPS-Reg/002 (Amendment 2018) form, which has been signed by
the Dean/Director and supervisor, must be submitted to the Centre for Postgraduate Studies
(CPS). CPS will inform the outcome of the application.

b. I have submitted the Notice of Thesis Submission in February, but I am unable

to submit my thesis within three (3) months of submitting the notice. Do I
need to resubmit my notice?

The Notice of Thesis Submission is valid for six (6) months from the date of acceptance at
CPS. Students only need to submit a second notice if the notice has expired.

c. How long is the thesis examination if I wish to graduate within the same year?

The Notice of Thesis Submission will take three (3) months to process. Meanwhile, the
thesis examination will take one (1) month for Master’s students and two (2) months for
Doctorate students. The deadline to submit the hardbound thesis is in October, and the
Convocation Ceremony is usually held in November.

d. I have been given six (6) months to complete my corrections after the viva
voce. What will happen if I am unable to complete the corrections within the
stipulated time?

Students need to submit a written application for an extension to submit their thesis after
corrections to the Dean of CPS with valid reasons before the end of the stipulated time. A
one-month extension is usually given.

28
e. Do I need to pay the viva voce fee if I need to resubmit my thesis for a second
examination?

Students need to pay the viva voce fee if they are required to re-present their thesis in the
viva voce session. However, if students are only required to submit their thesis without
going through the viva voce, they do not need to pay the fee.

f. How many copies of thesis do I need to submit to CPS if I need to resubmit my

thesis for examination?

Master’s students need to submit three (3) copies of their thesis; Doctorate students need to
submit four (4) copies.

g. Who should sign on the Dean/Director’s column in the Notice of Thesis

Submission form if my supervisor is the Dean/Director of the
Faculty/Centre/Institute?

Besides the Dean, the Deputy Dean/Deputy Director can sign on the Dean/Director’s column
in the form.

29
12. APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Example of a Title on the Front Cover of the Thesis/Dissertation (Hardcover)

60mm /
6 cm

Saiz font
18

60mm /
6 cm

30
 APPENDIX B

Example of Information on the Spine

60mm /
6 cm

Saiz font
16

60mm /
6 cm

*please refer to page 17 for degree short form.

31
 APPENDIX C

Example of a Title on the First Page

60mm /
6 cm

Saiz font
18

60mm /
6 cm

32
 APPENDIX D

Example of Thesis Confirmation Status Form

Student Thesis Title,

Name Degree and
*capitalize, Field of
underline Study
and bold should be
each letters refereed
from the
Result
Letter that
Year of the approved in
study start final Viva
until year of Voce
graduation Session
*should be which given
written in to the
capital student.
letter, * capitalize
underline and bold
and bold each letters
** degree
and field of
Student
study should
Signature, be written in
Name and Malay
Student ID ***please
*capitalize, refer page
and bold 34 and 35
each letters

Must be
Expected
written with
Date of
“Doktoral”
Hardbound
for Phd or
thesis
“Sarjana”
submitted
for Master
to CPS

Supervisor Signature, Name and Type of Supervision

*if the supervisor more than one (1) person, only the name of the
Main Supervisor / Chairman of Supervisory should be written.
Notes:
Written in font ”Tahoma” / size ”11” / Spacing ”1.0” / no page number / margain exampted / paper size ”A4” /
bind together in hardcover thesis before ”DECLARATION” page

33
 APPENDIX D (ii)

Example of Decision Letter (Malay Version)

Name of
Degree
“IJAZAH”

Name of
Field of
study
“BIDANG”

Thesis Title
“JUDUL”

34
 APPENDIX D (iii)

Example of Decision Letter (English Version)

Name of
Degree
“IJAZAH”

Name of
Field of
study
“BIDANG”

Thesis Title
“JUDUL”

35
 APPENDIX E

Example of Declaration

28mm /
2.8 cm

Date of Viva
Voce
conducted

Student
Signature,
Full Name
and Student
ID

28mm /
2.8 cm

38mm / 28mm /
3.8 cm 2.8 cm

36
 APPENDIX F (i)

Example of Certification

1. Single Supervisory [ Only One (1) Supervisor ]

37
 APPENDIX F (ii)

Example of Certification

2. Co – Supervisory [ Only Two (2) Supervisors ]

38
 APPENDIX F (iii)

Example of Certification

3. Supervisory Committee [More than Two (2) Supervisors]

39
 APPENDIX G

Example of Acknowledgement

Student
Name and
Date of Viva
Voce
conducted

40
 APPENDIX H (i)

Example of a English Abstract and Its Translation

ABSTRACT

(Title is not required)

Writings by local scholars on the development of the downstream industry based on

fisheries in the state of Sabah have been limited and basically are more focused on the
“upstream” level of the fishery industry. These writings have attempted to answer questions
such as: the status of marine sources, the sosio-economic level of fishermen in their
community, varieties of marine species and other topics which are related and geared
towards “upstream” issues. Hence, due to the focus towards study on the development of
the fishery industry at the “upstream” level, this has affected the attention on the issues at
the “downstream” level, which have occasionally been marginalized……Penulisan mengenai
pembangunan industri hiliran berasaskan perikanan di negeri Sabah oleh para sarjana
tempatan lebih menumpukan kepada persoalan di peringkat “hulu” sahaja seperti status
sumber marin, taraf sosio-ekonomi komuniti nelayan, peranan golongan pemodal, bilangan
nelayan dan bot menangkap ikan; jumlah pendaratan sumber marin, teknologi menangkap
ikan; kepelbagaian spesis marin dan lain-lain lagi. Penulisan mengenai pembangunan
industri perikanan di peringkat “hiliran” seringkali dipinggirkan dan tidak mendapat tempat
yang sewajarnya.....

41
 APPENDIX H (ii)

Example of a English Abstract Translation

ABSTRAK

(An abstract that is translated must include its title in capital letters)

Penulisan mengenai pembangunan industri hiliran berasaskan perikanan di negeri Sabah

oleh para sarjana tempatan lebih menumpukan kepada persoalan di peringkat “hulu” sahaja
seperti status sumber marin, taraf sosio-ekonomi komuniti nelayan, peranan golongan
pemodal, bilangan nelayan dan bot menangkap ikan; jumlah pendaratan sumber marin,
teknologi menangkap ikan; kepelbagaian spesis marin dan lain-lain lagi. Penulisan mengenai
pembangunan industri perikanan di peringkat “hiliran” seringkali dipinggirkan dan tidak
mendapat tempat yang sewajarnya.....

**please italicize your whole text for this page

42
 APPENDIX I

Example of a List of Contents

LIST OF CONTENTS
Pagee

TITLE i

DECLARATION ii

CERTIFICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

LIST OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv

LIST OF APPENDICES xvii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background of the Research 3
1.3 Problem Statement 10
1.4 Objectives of the Research 14
1.5 Research Questions 21

REFERENCES 250
APPENDICES 301

43
 APPENDIX J

Example of List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1.1 : Interpretations of Research Questions 4

Table 4.1 : Data interpretation: Standard Template Analysis 55
Table 5.1 : A Paper-Based Vocabulary Game Exercise Results 70
Table 5.2 : Data Interpretation: Standard Template Analysis 75

44
 APPENDIX K

Example of List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Figure 2.1 : Interpersonal Mistreatment 21
Figure 2.2 : Job Outcomes 33
Figure 2.3 : Affective Events Theory Micro Structure 49
Figure 2.4 : Affective Events Theory Macro Structure 51
Figure 2.5 : Social Exchange Theory 53
Figure 2.6 : P-E Fit Theory 57
Figure 2.7 : Occupational Stress Framework 59
Figure 2.8 : Theoretical Framework 62
Figure 2.9 : Model of Workplace Environment Factors 64
Figure 3.1 : Research Framework 69

45
 APPENDIX L

Example of List of Photographs

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Page
Photo 2.1 : The Differences between Invention 1945 - 2020 21
Photo 2.2 : Machine Evolution 33
Photo 2.3 : Steam Engines 49
Photo 2.4 : Effective Structure 51
Photo 2.5 : Strong Iron 53
Photo 3.1 : Molding 69

46
 APPENDIX M

Example of List of Musical Notations

LIST OF NOTATION SYMBOLS

- Semibreve

- Minim

- Crochet

- Quaver

47
 APPENDIX N

Example of List of Symbols, Units, Abbreviations, Formulae, Nomenclature,

Terminologies and Numerals

LIST OF SYMBOLS

♂ - Male

♀ - Female

⚥ - Male and Female Symbol

∞ - Infinity

Ω - ohm

β - Beta

48
 APPENDIX O

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CR - Composite Reliability
PLS - Partial Least Square
SEM - Structural Equation Modeling
SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences
WIM - Workplace Interpersonal Mistreatment
P.E.Fit - Person Environment Fit

49
 APPENDIX P

Example of List of Appendix / Appendices

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page
Appendix A : Questionnaire about Impact of Mistreatment on Work 187
Outcomes
Appendix B : Measurement Model 199
Appendix C : Interpersonal Mistreatment and Job Outcomes 194
Appendix D : Mistreatment on Stress 195

50
 APPENDIX Q

Example of List of Headings and Subheadings

CHAPTER 2
2 x 1.5 spacing
(Press ENTER twice)

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

3 x 1.5 spacing
(Press ENTER three times)

1.5 Objectives of the Research

(1 x 1.5 spacing)
The researcher lists three objectives of this research:
a. To discuss the Dusun community from the perspective of the community in terms of...

( 2x 1.5 spacing)

1.6 Concept of the Research

(1 x 1.5 spacing)
This research has four concepts that form the foundation of the undertaking of the
research...

( 2x 1.5 spacing)

1.6.1 Society
The cultural and behaviourial aspects in the research on humans are emphasised in the field
of anthropology. Society is an abstract concept that cannot be seen and...

51
 APPENDIX R

Example of Glossary

Science Cluster

List of Glossary

Agranulocytes White blood cells that hove no distinct granules in

their cytoplasm

Blatofor The gastric bypass of the gastrointestinal tract

Dendrit Neurons that respond to impulses

Diastol Duration of rest during one cardinal cycle

Fagositosis Foods that involve food are surrounded by cell

membranes and form a vacuole.

Arts/Social Science Cluster

List of Glossary

Extrinsic Come or act from outside

Interpersonal Human relations

Collaboration Relationships or reciprocal relationships

Transkript Official record or record of the study

52
 APPENDIX S

Example of the Use of Ibid

Example of sentences in the texts:

.... The people of the area are made up of a sub-ethnic group of Gana1 who practice the
traditional faith.2 However for her it has changed. During his stay in the dormitory, he was
influenced and influenced by the Christian teachings taught by the dormitory wardens.3 ...

Examples of writing footnotes and using Ibid.

______________________
1
Mohd Farid Linggi, Kehidupan Dalam Tiga Dimensi, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa

dan Pustaka, 1998, page.9.

2.
Ibid.

3.
Ibid., page. 63.

53
 APPENDIX T

Format for Writing References

a. Single Author

Example:

i. Ford, H. 1997. The International Jew. Johannesburg: Global Publisher.

ii. Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. London:

Croom Helm.

b. Co-Authors

Example:

i. Ahmad Fawzi Basri, Mohd. Idris Salleh & Shafee Saad. 1991. Bumi Kita Dipijak
Milik Orang. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

ii. Maryati, M., Azizah, H. & Arbain, K. 1996. Terrestrial Ants (Hymenoptera:
Formicidea) of Poring, Kinabalu Park, Sabah. In Edwards, D. S., Booth,
W. E. & Choy, S. C. Tropical Rainforest Research-Current Issues.
Monographiae Biologicae (eds), pp. 117-123. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, London.

c. Editions

Example:

i. Gilchrist, J. D. 1989. Extractive Metallurgy. (3rd edition). Oxford: Pergamon

Press.
ii. Barnes, R.S.K. 1984. Estuarine Biology (2nd edition). London: Edward Arnold.

d. Publications without Author

Example:
Akta. 2001. Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 (Akta 171). Kuala Lumpur:
International Law Book Service.

54
e. Compiled Publications

Example:

Hamzah Hamdani (ed.). 1980. Esei Sastera dalam Pengajaran, Penyelidikan dan
Pentadbiran Universiti. Kumpulan Kertas Kerja 2. Bangi: Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia.

f. Edited Publications

Example:

Rose, R. (ed).1974. Electoral Behavior: A Comparative Handbook. New York:

Free Press.

g. Organised Publications

Example:

Badriyah Haji Salleh & Tan Liok Ee (ed). 1996. Alam Pensejarahan dari Pelbagai
Perspektif. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

h. Translated Publications

Example:

Wheare, K. C. 1980. Kerajaan Persekutuan. Terj. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa

dan Pustaka.

i. Multi-Volume Publications

Example:

Ensiklopedia Pembangunan Sabah. 1981. Vol. 6. Kota Kinabalu: Usaha Baru.

Note: Vol. refers to Volume.

j. Occasional Papers

Example:

Sharifah Rofidah Habib Hassan. 2003. Perayaan Di Sabah. Kertas Kadangkala Bil.
2. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

55
k. Monographs

Example:

i. Zainah Ahmad. 2003. Politik Sabah Sebelum Penjajahan Jepun. Monograf 3.

Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
ii. Mohammad Raduan Mohd. Ariff. 1993. Teknologi Pengangkapan Ikan di
Sabah. Khazanah. Siri Dokumentasi Akademi Pengajian Melayu, Bil. 3,
Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.

l. Journal Articles

Example:

Mahani Musa. 1999. Malay Secret Societies in Penang: 1830s-1920s. Journal of

the Malaysian Branch of The Royal Asiatic Society. 65(2), 151-182.

m. News/Article in Newspapers

Example (without author):

The Borneo Post. 1999. Crocker Range Expedition Begins. 16 October: 9.

*Note: Name of Newspaper (.) Year (.) Title of News/Article (.) Day/Month (:)
Page (.)

Example (with author):

Philip Golingai. 2004. Primer on Primates. Star. 18 January: 4.

Note:
Name of author (.) Year (.) Title of News/Article (.) Name of Newspaper (,)
Day/Month (:) Page (.)

n. Book Chapters

Example:

i. Zaki Tahir. 2003. Pendatang Asing Di Sabah. Dalam Sharifah Habib Hasan
dan Zainah Ahmad (eds.). Kesan Politik. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti
Malaysia Sabah. Hlm. 18-38.

ii. Mustafa, S. & Ridzwan, A. R. 1998. Nucleic Acid Profiles in Mackerel,

Rastrelliger Kanagurta, from West Coast of Sabah. In M. Mohamed,
H. Bernard, (eds.). Tropical Ecosystem Research in Sabah, Kota
Kinabalu: UMS. Pp. 50-52.

iii. Sabihah Osman. 2000. Tawau: Pusat Kegiatan Ekonomi Orang Jepun. Dalam
Abdul Halim (ed.). Sabah dalam Perluasan Pasaran. Bangi: Penerbit
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Hlm. 31-42.
56
o. Conference Proceedings

Example:

i. Ismail Haji Ibrahim. 2000. Senario Seni Lukis Sabah: Stail dan Tema. Borneo
2000: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Borneo Research
Conference. UMS. Hlm. 557-586.

ii. Homathevi, R., Maryati, M., Eggleton, P., Jones, D. T. & Davies, R. G. 2000.
Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna of Danum Valley Conservation
Area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Borneo 2000: Environment,
Conservation and Land. Proceedings of The Sixth Biennial Borneo
Research Conference. July 10-14, 2000. Kuching, Sarawak.

p. Magazine Articles

Example:

Aliran. 2000. Sarawak Native Blockade Pulp Mill Project. Aliran 20(10), 33.

q. Book Reviews

Example:

Badriyah Haji Salleh. 2001. Ulasan Buku J. H. Drabble. 2000. An Economic

History of Malaysia, c. 1800-1990: The Transition to Modern Economic
Growth. Hampshire: Macmillan Press. Journal of The Malaysian Branch of
The Royal Asiatic Society 124(1),111-114.

r. Working Papers, Reports and Minutes of Meeting

Example:

Minit Mesyuarat Seminar Pascasiswazah. 2002. Minit Mesyuarat Seminar

Pascasiswazah. Pusat Pengajian Pascasiswazah Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Kali Pertama. Kota Kinabalu. Sabah. 5 Jun.

s. Theses

Example:

i. Mat Zin Mat Kib. 2000. Perkembangan Mazhab-mazhab Agama Kristian di

Sabah. Tesis Sarjana, Sekolah Sains Sosial. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti
Malaysia Sabah.

57
 ii. Yap Beng Liang. 1977. Orang Bajau Pulau Omadal, Sabah: Satu Kajian
Tentang Sistem Budaya. Tesis Sarjana Jabatan Pengajian Melayu:
Universiti Malaya.

t. Films dan Musical Compositions

i. Films

Example:
Ramlee, P. 1962. Laksamana Do Re Mi. Filem Cereka. Singapura: Shaw
Brother.

ii. Videos

Example:
Muzium Sabah. 1968. Menangkap Ketam Batu di Mengkabong, Tuaran,
Sabah. Filem Dokumentari. Jabatan Muzium Sabah.

iii. Slides

Contoh:
Pugh-Kitingan, J. 1976. Jenis-jenis Tarian Masyarakat Peribumi Sabah. Slaid.
Sekolah Sains Sosial. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

iv. Musical compositions

Example:
Johari Salleh. 1986. Lambaian Kasih dalam Citra Malaysia. Chorus dan
Orkestra. Kassim Masdor (konduktor). Laserlight Series 12036.
Santiago: Delta Music Incorporated.

v. CD-ROMs

Example:
MacRae, S. 1995. Introduction to Research Design and Statistics. CD
Leicester: British Psychological Society.

vi. Interviews

Example:
Stephens, B. 1998. Kegiatan Mubaligh Kristian di Sabah. Temu bual. 25 Mei
1998.

58
vii. Electronic references

Example:
a. Keputusan Mahkamah Internasional atas Permohonan Intervensi
Pemerintah Filipina dalam Kasus Pulau Sipadan dan Ligitan. Dipetik dari
http://www.dfadeplu.go.id/policy/releases/2002/pr-56-251001.htm.
Dicetak 13 September 2002.

b. Potter, L., Brookfield, H. & Byron, Y. 2002. The Eastern Sundaland region
of South-east Asia,
www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu14re/uu14re14.htm. Dicetak 15
Oktober 2017.

Note:
• Details of the electronic references must be rewritten, including the date
that the references were printed.

• Electronic references from personal web pages are not encouraged,

unless they are from publicly recognised experts, authorities or official
sources.

59
 APPENDIX U

Example of References

REFERENCES

Allison, B, 1997. Preparing Dissertations and Thesis. London: Kogan Page Limited.

Cavina, Kristan, 1995. Critical Thinking and Writing: A Developing Writer’s Guide with
Readings, Belmont : Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Creswell, John W., 1994. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.
London: SAGE Publications.

Centre for Graduate Studies. 2005. The UKM Style Guide (2nd edition). Bangi: Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1995. Gaya Dewan (edisi ketiga). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Uinversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1998. Panduan Menulis Tesis Gaya UKM (edisi keenam).
Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Pusat Pengajian Siswazah. 2006. Panduan Penulisan Tesis Gaya UKM (edisi semak). Bangi:
UKM.

Sekolah Sains & Teknologi. 2006. Panduan Penulisan Disertasi (edisi ketiga). Kota Kinabalu:
Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

60
 APPENDIX V

Example of Appendix

APPENDIX A

SPSS Data Analisys

61
 EXAMPLE OF
HARDCOVER THESIS

“REAL SCALES”

62
 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS

JUDUL : INOVATIVE: TO CREATE NEW MODULE FOR EFFECTIVENESS IN

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF WORKFLOW BY USING FULLY
SISTEMIZE APPLICATION

IJAZAH : SARJANA SAINS

BIDANG : SAINS KOMPUTER

Saya CALVIN HUGH, Sesi 2018-2020, mengaku membenarkan tesi Sarjana ini disimpan
di Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:-

1. Tesis ini adalah hak milik Universiti Malaysia Sabah

2. Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan
pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran
antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. Sila tandakan ( / ):

SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan

atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di
dalam AKTA RAHSIA 1972)

TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan

oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

TIDAK TERHAD

Disahkan Oleh,

______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

CALVIN HUGH (Tandatangan Pustakawan)

MI1811001A

______________________________
Tarikh : 10 Mei 2020 (Dr. Nile Freeman)
Penyelia
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the material in this thesis is my own except for quotations,
equations, summaries and references, which have been duly acknowledged.

02 January 2020
Calvin Hugh
MI1811001A

ii
 CERTIFICATION

NAME : CALVIN HUGH

MATRIC NO. : MI1811004T

TITTLE : INOVATIVE: TO CREATE NEW MODULE FOR

EFFECTIVENESS IN ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
WORKFLOW BY USING FULLY SISTEMIZE APPLICATION

DEGREE : MASTER OF SCIENCE

FIELD : COMPUTER SCIENCE

VIVA DATE : 2 JANUARY 2020

CERTIFIED BY;

Signature
SINGLE SUPERVISION

SUPERVISOR
Dr. Nile Freeman
________________

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I am thankful to ALLAH (S.W.T) for His countless blessings and spirit
offered by Him. I could have not completed this task without His will.

I would not be doing justice, if I don’t acknowledge the support, guidance,

patronage and motivation of my great mentor, my supervisors. I could never do it
without your support. I always found him standing with me through every thick and
thin. I wish someday I could be like you sir.

I am thankful to my family especially my parents for their unconditional

support. During this whole tenure my husband was a source of motivation to me.
He really took the leading role and took care of everything in my absence.

I would like to say thanks to all my fiends especially Dr. Ghulam Raja who
motivated and supported me all the times. I am also grateful to Dr. Bujang Senang,
Dr. Siti Sifir, Mrs. Adibah Noor, Mr. Adi bin Das and Miss Nowit Ol who helped me in
the times of crisis when I needed it the most.

Calvin Hugh
7 February 2020

iv
 ABSTRACT

Writings by local scholars on the development of the downstream industry based

on fisheries in the state of Sabah have been limited and basically are more focused
on the “upstream” level of the fishery industry. These writings have attempted to
answer questions such as: the status of marine sources, the sosio-economic level of
fishermen in their community, varieties of marine species and other topics which
are related and geared towards “upstream” issues. Hence, due to the focus
towards study on the development of the fishery industry at the “upstream” level,
this has affected the attention on the issues at the “downstream” level, which have
occasionally been marginalized. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and % yield of
quercetin was increased with the increase in time and temperature but gradually
reduced when the duration extraction time and temperature were extended above
40min and 60 oC. Based on the outcomes of these results, it has been concluded
that the C. nutans, R. apiculata and C. papaya leaves and SBH extract have an
antioxidant compound and the combination of SBH with the medicinal plants
increases the antioxidant activity of plants.

v
 ABSTRAK

INOVATIF: MEWUJUDKAN MODUL BAHARU UNTUK KEBERKESANAN

DALAM PROSES KERJA KAKITANGAN PENTADBIRAN DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI BERSISTEM SEPENUHNYA

Penulisan mengenai pembangunan industri hiliran berasaskan perikanan di negeri

Sabah oleh para sarjana tempatan lebih menumpukan kepada persoalan di
peringkat “hulu” sahaja seperti status sumber marin, taraf sosio-ekonomi komuniti
nelayan, peranan golongan pemodal, bilangan nelayan dan bot menangkap ikan;
jumlah pendaratan sumber marin, teknologi menangkap ikan; kepelbagaian sepsis
marin dan lain-lain lagi. Penulisan mengenai pembangunan industri perikanan di
peringkat “hiliran” seringkali dipinggirkan dan tidak mendapat tempat yang
sewajarnya. Berdasarkan keputusan hasil ini, telah disimpulkan bahawa C. nutans,
R. apiculata dan daun C. papaya dan ekstrak SBH mempunyai sebatian antioksidan
dan gabungan SBH dengan tumbuhan ubat meningkatkan aktiviti antioksidan
tumbuhan.

vi
 LIST OF CONTENTS
TABLE
Page
TITLE i

DECLARATION ii

CERTIFICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

LIST OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv

LIST OF APPENDICIES xv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Research Questions 7
1.4 Research Objectives 8
1.5 Scope of the Study 8
1.6 Significance of the Study 9
1.6.1 Significance to the Literature 9
1.6.2 Significance to the Organization 10
1.6.3 Significance to the Society 10
1.7 Definitions of the Variables 11
1.7.1 Interpersonal Mistreatment 11
1.7.2 Stress 13
1.7.3 Social Support 13

vii
4.7 Factor Analysis 102
4.7.1 Validity 112
4.8 Common Method Variance 113
4.9 Correlation among Latent Constructs 114
4.10 Hypotheses Testing 117
4.10.1 Direct Effects 117
4.10.2 Moderating Effects of Social Support on Interpersonal 124
Mistreatment and Work Outcomes
4.10.3 Mediating Effects of Stress on Interpersonal 129
Mistreatment and Work Outcomes
4.11 Summary of Hypotheses 134
4.12 Summary of the Chapter 140

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 141

5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Discussion on Direct Effect Hypotheses 143
5.2.1 Direct Effects of Independent Variable and Dependent 143
Variable
5.2.2 Direct Effect of Social support and Dependent Variables 144
5.3 Discussion on Moderating Effect Hypotheses 144
5.4 Discussion on Mediating Effect Hypotheses 145
5.5 Research Implications 146
5.5.1 Theoretical Implications 147
5.5.2 Practical Implications 148
5.5.3 Implications for the Society at Large 148
5.6 Conclusion 149
5.7 Limitations and Suggestions for the Future Study 150

REFERENCES 153
APPENDICES 187

x
 LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table 1.1 : Interpretations of Research Questions 4
Table 4.1 : Data interpretation: Standard Template Analysis 55
Table 5.1 : A Paper-Based Vocabulary Game Exercise Results 70
Table 5.2 : Data Interpretation: Standard Template Analysis 75

xi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Figure 2.1 : Interpersonal Mistreatment 21
Figure 2.2 : Job Outcomes 33
Figure 2.3 : Affective Events Theory Micro Structure 49
Figure 2.4 : Affective Events Theory Macro Structure 51
Figure 2.5 : Social Exchange Theory 53
Figure 2.6 : P-E Fit Theory 57
Figure 2.7 : Occupational Stress Framework 59
Figure 2.8 : Theoretical Framework 62
Figure 2.9 : Model of Workplace Environment Factors 64
Figure 3.1 : Research Framework 69

xii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CR - Composite Reliability
PLS - Partial Least Square
SEM - Structural Equation Modeling
SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences
WIM - Workplace Interpersonal Mistreatment
P.E.Fit - Person Environment Fit

xiii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Page
Appendix A : Questionnaire about Impact of Mistreatment on Work 187
Outcomes
Appendix B : Measurement Model 199
Appendix C : Interpersonal Mistreatment and Job Outcomes 194
Appendix D : Mistreatment on Stress 195

xiv
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Interpersonal Mistreatment is a violent behavior that is characterized by being

abrupt, impulsive, undesirable, and hence resulting in violating the rights of the
person being mistreated or victimized (Harlos, 2010). More dire need has been felt
especially over last couple of decades more than ever on investigating and coping
with this complex mechanism (Abas and Otto, 2016). The current study is aimed at
focusing on employees working in banking sector being mistreated leading towards
various outcomes at workplaces rather than simply focusing on depersonalized
forms such as mistreatment related to policies (Boswell and Olson-Buchanan, 2004;
Olson-Buchanan and Boswell, 2008). Hence it becomes more indispensable to
probe into the issue of interpersonal mistreatments and their detrimental effects on
job outcomes of employees at the workplace especially in Eastern context.

Results have shown the negative impact of interpersonal mistreatment on

individuals such as lowering job performance, job satisfaction, commitment and
increased stress (Bergman, Cortina, Langhout, and Fitzgerald, Palmieri , 2002;
Salin and Hoel, 2013; Fox and Stallworth, 2010; Salin and Hoel, 2013).
Mistreatment at workplace could take different forms, such as abusive supervision,
bullying, incivility and social undermining (Hershcovis, 2011). More subtle examples
of mistreatment include being humiliated in front of others, insulted and target of
aggressive eye contact (Keashly, Trott, and MacLean, 1994).
 Mistreatment can be at least damaging to the victim. Previous research has
indicated that many employees remain quiet about the mistreatment and try to
ignore, negate and lessen such experience (Cortina, Collinsworth, Freeman,
Lonsway, Hunter, Magley, and Fitzgerald, 2002). According to Cortina and Magley
(2003), individuals who face mistreatment and stay quiet are the highest level
victims and are psychological and physical disturbed. On the other hand individuals
who raise voice against mistreatment and gender harassment are often subject to
retaliation from other individuals, who use gripe systems leading to punishment,
hence resulting in lowering their work outcomes (Lewin, 1987; Klaas and DeNisi,
1989). Therefore, the both categories of individuals facing mistreatment; either
speaking up explicitly or avoiding any such situation from speaking up are
associated with higher level of risk and cost.

It becomes very much apparent that the victim of the mistreatment at

workplace experience similar stress or reactions. Stress is a significant part of
individual’s life. Having faced the stressful situation at workplaces characterized by
having negative emotions and reactions because of bullying, incivility and abusive
supervision logically extrapolate that mistreatment is a legitimate stressor (Lim,
Magley and Cortina 2008; Bowling and Beehr, 2006). Within the context of
workplace mistreatment, the occupational stress framework provides thoughtful
insights to understand the mistreatment effects in a sequential manner.

There are three core concepts of this framework; stressor, stress and strain.
Stressors are the environmental events, stress is subjective experience of the
person, and strain is the psychological or physiological response. With respect to
workplace mistreatment, events of bullying, abusive supervision and incivility are
stressors, which are subjectively evaluated by the recipient and may be appraised
as stressful, which in turn may lead to stress reactions in the recipient known as
strain.

Previous studies report that the mistreated and harassed employees are
more likely to be less committed (Sakurai, Gillepie and Jex, 2011), less satisfied
with their jobs (Penney and Spector, 2005) and also reduced work effort (Burnes

2
and Pope, 2007).Currently, it has been observed over last couple of decades
especially that organizations are tending towards paying more attention and
focusing on introducing controls in order to cope up the detrimental effects of
mistreatment at workplaces. Hence it warrants studying an integrated, consolidated
and comprehensive approach to investigate the consequences of mistreatment
leading towards enhanced stress level of employees while social support serving as
the coping source to mitigate the effects of stress on employees.

The remainder of this chapter comprised of the six sections. The first
section offers the statement of the problem. The second section presents research
questions and the third section is devoted to research objectives of the study. The
fourth section explicates the scope of the study and fifth section describes the
significance of the study. The final section offers the definition of the basic terms
under study.

1.2 Problem Statement

Interpersonal mistreatment at work place describes number of behaviors, which are

considered being the most pivotal and important in their nature in particular
context to any organization hence making them more point of concern for any
organization irrespective of its nature of business or sector. Though various
legislative actions have been carried out in different states yet to protect these
employees from being mistreated still there exists some ambiguity and uncertainty
(Willness, Steel and Lee, 2007).

Different researchers as well as practitioners have all the times been curious
to better comprehend the nature of this phenomenon hence providing a plethora of
terms associated with mistreatment like bullying (McAvoy and Murtagh, 2003;
Leymann, 1996; ), sexual harassment (Lim and Cortina, 2005), counterproductive
work behaviors (Viswesvaran and Ones, 2002), hardship (Folger and Skarlicki,
1999), physical violence, organizational injustice (Tepper, Duffy, Henle, and
Lambert, 2006; Aryee, Chen,Sun, and Debrah, 2007;), social undermining (Duffy,

3
 The C. nutans plant is native to subtropical and tropical Asian countries,
namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and China (Chelyn et al., 2014).
Frequently stem cutting method was used for C. nutans cultivation but wild people
are found in deciduous forests. Table 2.5 shows the scientific classification of C.
nutans (Yahaya, Dash, Abdullah and Mathews, 2015).

Table 2.5: Scientific Classification of C. nutans

Scientific Classification

Kingdom Plantae

Phylum Magnoliophyta

Class Magnoliopsida

subclass Asteridae

Order Lamiales

family Acanthaceae

genus Clinacanthus Lindau;

Species C. nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau

Source : Yahaya et al., 2015

2.4.1 Phytochemistry of C. nutans

Current information on the phytochemistry of C. nutans is still narrow.

Nevertheless, several researchers have contributed towards the identification and
isolation of many novel phytochemicals and assessed their pharmacological activity.
Common phytochemicals reported by several researchers from C. nutans include
sulfur-containing glucosides, C-glycosyl flavones and triterpenes. Earlier studies
showed the presence of β-sitosterol and lupeol in the stem, β sitosterol, lupeol,
botulin in dried rhizomes. The occurrence of six well-known C- glycosyl flavones
including, vitexin, schaftoside, orientin, isovitexin, isomollupentin -7-O- β-D-
glucoside and isoorientin have been indicated in the dried stem and leaves
(Mustapa, Martin, Mato and Cocero, 2015; Yahaya et al., 2015). Ghasemzadeh and

25
 The study by Tripp (2005) clarifies that despite existence of many versions
of action research development processes, whatever type of action research
applied would still be acceptable as long it is appropriate to the aims, practices,
participants and situations (i.e. enablers and constraints). In this instance, action
research is thus proposed as “a form of action inquiry that employs recognised
research techniques to inform the action taken to improve practice”.

Figure 3.1 : Action Research Project for a Thesis or Dissertation.

Source : Zuber-Skerritt & Perry (2002, as cited in Rose et al., 2015)

Rose et al. (2015) assert that, whilst some variant plan-act-observe-reflect

cycle lies at the heart of most researchers, the precise form depends however on
the approach chosen and the aims of the study. When the research is done for
academic purposes, it becomes important to adapt to the action cycle proposed by
Zuber-Skerritt & Perry (2002). The action research cycle developed by Zuber-
Skerritt and Perry suggest two action research cycles operating in parallel. The first
part is the ‘core action’ research cycle which focuses on the practical problem to be
solved. The other is the ‘thesis’ action research cycle in which the researcher is
engaged in planning, acting, observing and reflecting.

36
 CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

4.1 Introduction

This chapter is based on the results of the current study. It consists of six sections.
First section is devoted to verification of data and handling of missing. In the
second section, demographic profile of the respondents is presented. In third
section, normality of data through skewness and kurtosis is tested. In the fourth
section, the results of measurement model constructed in PLS path-modeling are
summarized. In fifth section, descriptive statistics and correlation among latent
construct are presented. In the final section, results of hypotheses testing are
discussed.

4.2 Verification of Data Entry and Handling Missing Responses

Before starting data analysis, data entry was verified and missing data was
handled. Missing data can occur due to the different reasons either respondents
missed questions accidently or employed their right not to answer the questions.
Missing data could possibly create statistical problems for SEM and data analysis
(Field, 2009). In present study, data were verified in two ways. Firstly, the SPSS file
was checked manually column wise. Secondly, to maintain cross check frequency
tables were obtained in SPSS and the tables revealed mistakes in data entry. After
verification, the errors were rectified.
 For the purpose of handling missing responses, the criteria of Hair et al.
(2010) was employed. According to hair et al. (2010), if responses ratio is >90% of
any questionnaire then it would be considered a valid response. Remaining <10%
unanswered items can be filled with the most repeated responses. In case the
questionnaire is answered <90% then it would be considered an incomplete
response and would be discarded. In present study, the same criteria are used to
handle the missing responses.

4.3 Demographics Analysis

The demographic analysis is based on the respondent’s gender and age.

Respondent’s gender and age were included in the questionnaire and frequency
tables and graphs of gender category and age are classified separately in SPSS and
given below.

Table 4.1: Gender of the Respondents

Gender Category Frequency Percent
Male 313 59.2
Female 216 40.8
Total 529 100

Figure 4.1 : Gender of the Respondents

95
Table and Figure 4.1 shows the gender of the respondents. The statistics shows
that 59.2% respondents were males and 40.8% respondents were females.

Table 4.2: Age of the Respondents

Age Group Frequency Percent
21 – 30 214 40.5
31 – 40 285 53.9
41 – 50 30 5.7
Total 529 100

Figure 4.2 : Age of the Respondents

It is evident from above table and figure 4.2 that a total of 40.5% of the
total respondents were reported to aging somewhere between 21years to 30 years
where as 53.9% of the total respondents were reported to be ageing between 31-
40 years. While only 5.7% of the total respondents were between the age brackets
of 41years to 50 years. Overall, the average age of all respondents was reported to
be around 26.66.

96
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Anti-Termite Agent against Coptotermes gestroi. Journal of Wood Chemistry
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Abdul Rahim, M. H., Zakaria, Z. A., Mohd Sani, M. H., Omar, M. H., Yakob, Y.,
Cheema, M. S., et al. 2016. Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus Nutans Exerts
Antinociceptive Activity Via the Opioid/Nitric Oxidemediated, but Cgmp-
Independent, Pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016,
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Abdulla, M. A., Ahmed, K. A. A., Abu-Luhoom, F. M. & Muhanid, M. 2010. Role of

Ficus Deltoidea Extract In The Enhancement of Wound Healing in
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Abdullah, S., Shaari, A. R. & Azimi, A. 2012. Effect of Drying Methods on

Metabolites Composition of Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) Leaves.
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Akhila, S. & Vijayalakshmi, N. G. 2015. Phytochemical Studies on Carica Papaya
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Alam, A., Ferdosh, S., Ghafoor, K., Hakim, A., Juraimi, A. S., Khatib, A. & Sarker, Z.
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Alkaya, D. B., Seyhan, S. A. & Ozturk, B. N. 2019. Influence of Extraction Method

on Antioxidant Properties of Rheum Ribes Root Extract. Ovidius University
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Alorkpa, E. J., Boadi, N. O., Badu, M. & Saah, S. A. 2016. Phytochemical Screening,
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Assorted Carica Papaya Leaves in
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Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D. G. & Lightfoot, D. A. 2017.
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Andualem, B. 2013. Combined Antibacterial Activity of Stingless Bee (Apis

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109
 APPENDIX A
Reserch Questionnaire

Questionnaire about impact of mistreatment on work outcomes

This survey is going to be conducted to investigate the impact of mistreatment

on work outcomes in banking Sector. The information you will provide will be
kept in confidential and only be used for research purpose.

Gender: ☐ Male ☐ Female

Age (in years): ☐ 21-30 ☐ 31-40 ☐41-51 ☐51-61 ☐61& above
This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions.
Read each item and then mark the appropriate answer in the space next to that word.
Indicate to what extent you generally feel this way, that is, how you feel on the average.
Use the following scale to record your answers

Respondents used a five-point response scale where:

1 = Never, 2 = Very seldom, 3 = Occasionally, 4 = Moderately often, 5 = Very

often

Abusive Supervision 1 2 3 4 5

My Supervisor ridicules me
My Supervisor tells me my thoughts or feelings are
stupid
My Supervisor gives me the silent treatment
My Supervisor puts me down in front of others
My Supervisor invades my privacy
My Supervisor reminds me of my past mistakes and
failures
My Supervisor doesn't give me credit for jobs requiring a
lot of effort
My Supervisor blames me to save himself/herself
embarrassment
My Supervisor breaks promises he/she makes
My Supervisor expresses anger at me when he/she is
mad for another reason
My Supervisor makes negative comments about me to
others
My Supervisor does not allow me to interact with my
coworkers.
My Supervisor tells me I'm incompetent
My Supervisor is rude to me

188
Respondents used a five-point response scale where:

1=Never, 2= Now and then, 3=Monthly, 4=Weekly, 5= Daily

The respondents were asked whether or not they perceived themselves as being
bullied at their workplace.

Bullying 1 2 3 4 5
Having key areas of responsibility removed or
replaced with more trivial or unpleasant tasks
Spreading of gossip and rumors about you
Being ignored or excluded
Having insulting or offensive remarks made about
your person, attitudes or your private life
Hints or signals from others that you should quit your
job
Repeated reminders of your errors or mistakes
Being ignored or facing a hostile reaction when you
approach
Persistent criticism of your errors or mistakes
Practical jokes carried out by people you don’t get
along with
Having allegations made against you
Being the subject of excessive teasing and sarcasm
Being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous
anger
Intimidating behaviors such as finger-pointing,
invasion of personal space, shoving, blocking your
way
Threats of violence or physical abuse or actual abuse

Respondents used a five-point response scale where:

1= Never, 2= Once a month, 3= Twice a month, 4= Once or twice, 5=Every day

At your current workplace, have you experienced your supervisor/coworkers to

be;

Incivility 1 2 3 4 5
putting you down or was condescending to
you.
paying little attention to your statement or
showed little interest in your opinion.
making demeaning or derogatory remarks
about you.
addressing you in unprofessional terms,
either publically or privately.
ignoring or excluded you from professional

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