. ( T ) , a 4 . (T ) , fHats o.

- ,T TTS, RTTT7, D-Soo

T : 8SSCOUY, 8UJLSES

S98

: , ,o38
O R
ATTO 5y R ,0d
aero R ,o)4
A, oSb
NTT TT R ,oS
I6 RT , oRO

, 2oRR

8/1, 8 M PA, T-S>o0

PATT. ...i-x
TCRTESTRD.. *******.l

***°°°°***°*°

11

....11

* * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * . V1

. . . .Vii
********... Vili
IX

O 1 T : NG A (CELL AND ITS STRUCTURE)... **.-99

PNCell ( ) API..
******************o..XO

*****..

*°°°*****°

*****.

......0
.
******.*** .....*

GTCGTA ***
O
.

.S

F-CATT NU. *eepeeo****

******
* 8

. S8

CPTRT .. ******...b

* * * . d

*****

.....

P , ****e** .

TrATCTA. "*****'*****'****°

.0
..Sd
* * * * * * * * * * °
* * * * * * * * * * ' *

08
* * * * * * *
. .

GAFICATCIT.
 (xvi)

DNA afAtaMa Mefora..

GFTCATATCAR PATE.
CNICATCATCNT NIATRAR UTA ... 8o DNACATT cefo...
...

..tb
AT fSTRTA CENTCATTTCA *** . . 83
..Cbb
RO . * . 89

**. ..8

8 GCT...
*
8 9 .
. 88
.8

8 8

fSCAR 2aBST..
8
foufstefAefrs K)I (DNA) . *******..8C

fSTCA P . . .
DNA-9 E . .8 CSTCU GFIS.. ..a
Watson9 Crick-4 DNA NCUT.. .8

DNA- HTAT MD 8b R Aa DNA-4 . . .

TR-FRT..
DNA- S U T. .8

STRUAfp (RNA) .
mRNA S tRNA AT N . UaiiAl......
.

DNA S RNA 93 NG 1 ...

fao TTT: PN RS (CELL DIVISION)... .... b-Soo

e e .

bro ATCa7-S (Meiosis-1) T

..bs ATCT AUTSA.
OACF gR M. Phase 43 4T 1 .. . br ATAI- (Meiosis-2) 1 ToN
TRCO1.. ATCTP f9T9...
*** . bO

pRGSK.. 8

. . . . by *******
..
. by T-RTM.
* bry
 xvii)

UO TJT:T PMINT (CELL CHEMISTRY)... . oJ-S89

o) PE (Lipids) T RSTON M. ..8

FRRAD (Carbohydrates).. . So8 ******

.SNU

RDTAT..

.S9o

**°°*°
. *8

* .S8 FYT (Enzyme) T e 5 .

8

..SD8

THRT-ficeden...
. .

.80

(Protein) 1 .
.S8o
H-FRCP
S8J

..S88-Sa
bo OTT: MICRO-ORGANISM / MICROBE)....

S88 S

9RATC7 . . . ...S8
8
..349
RNASRIH DNA RAM ACT NR.. 8b
S8
..34
TATIafor.
..S85
**s**********.

TCTT ...

"*****'***°°°************
S8

* * * * * * * . . J b ° 9

IPCOT (Bacteria, 4PA5TA Bacterium)...

. L8 CITCATIT..

- S (T) -
 (xvii)

HT-RT.. . ..Sbd

.Sb>»

..b

R 3T :I (ALGAE AND FUNGI. .

oee.. ***

****..Sd8 Agaricus (TP) TAT T 3..

..RSS

.SS

Genus: Ulothrix (ET@). .SS

* oS

Ro
.

ACPAA... o8

* . oL ..Dd

Genus : 4garicus (9MPA) *** . . Rob T-RT ..o

...0

I 3 : J P D Í 3 (DRCUTFADT (BRYOPHYTA AND PTERIDOPHYTA)...0O¢

ITPTRDT (Bryophyta) T N GO7. . Pteris GreCTA TA b 3 T8upA....

3T3TPTD1 af... .R8 . . . OO
Genus: Riccia (3T) . . ..R8 3 Pteris 4 CPATCATRPTRG t t A .
CfacSTPTDT (Pteridophyta)T 7 R T-FRC. ...OO

Genus: Pteris (C).. ..4 ..08

Pteris 9 9 6 t D

:TS Tgoat oro7 (GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIoSPERMS)....ROU-RUR

fNT .. .. 8

Genus: Cycas (I¥). 8

* . . . 8S

8 8

.8 8
 (xix)
8
R 8 r

Ct: Malvaceae (-CEM)...

R **
8
Malvaccac CATEA 41- GeT..
Malvaceae ClTCaa yafo vr.
Poaccae Malvaceae CTCas NTT
1,

cOTT:Poaceae (Gramineae) t M (ta R 9 Malvaceae Cfta 1 P 1 . . .

..o
(Grass Family). . AT-FRC... *****.

Poaceae iTAs P i t oPy GTET. 4 T7O .

Poaceae CG TATST OFY ... ..
¢8|TA.
J : j 0 3 jU (TISSUE AND TISSUE SYSTEM) . . .UO-br

. b o

*****.... U8
ST9 FMATT..

A13-HRT.
8
V8
.18

******e*** U-089
74TTT: UET O (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY).
aR TTATDI (Stomata). .

..dt
...d&

...dd

. .
00

....00o

....O00

. .

..d8
 (xx)
STT 5 . . ** .Voy

ATP-I " G....

***** Voe

ITATefU. -.... ORU

bobr

..0do P D........ ********

. 08

9 S o 08

..933

.... 9OL
.OS8

167T ATT..
FOTR .

.. . . . 0O

80

08

ICTRTRC1 E P . . .

3R: CO UIA
TATRCOa R/AT.
08
TIT, , CO
8
.088
... I 8
..08

7 U:UT 2 (PLANT REPRODUCTION) .08b-OUd

8
********vpeoops ********* 98
fRCRTP TST (TGHT) 9R fSHTPS

fACTeAT.
 (xxi)

RTR(Parthenogenesis) b o ....OU8

O8

TCAIT. ... OL
T-R
TICTUTN.
...OUbr

PTTUT : (BIOTECHNOLOGY). . 0-808

yafaf. . . Obr

TRTCAT 2R GM 7 PT,

Gs7...

9 8
**

9 9 ... OSO

. Sdt
CSCTD fAafa 9 faeNTS DNA . . .
RNIT DNA &7T FÍPE TAT.

DNA f 1 f .
faef DNA f 4T. ...Obo

fDy RRTT DNA T HTAT . o V O DNA F T Í R . .

T R.. .b
rDNA ( P f o fema) cPTAT PCR A1S-RTP. .. .8o

.80
.... 808
er T : RRATT DNA
.Ob8

..80-8&

****.. 80y
...... 8od

809 85

°°°°°°
.. 809 . . 8
.838
. 809
88

8ob
* *
8S
. . 8ob
 (xxii)

8S 809
.8S CRTTJTET.
83

8Sb
..89b
.8 ..89%

.8
******

. 8
8o ..898
.80
.. ... 880
***** öRS .880
880
CATATRT * .8 88S
88

...8 . .
88
8
* .89 TRTCAC GERTT PPT AAI916. .888
8

- THT y - P4STETA 1 . . 88
890
885
8 9 0

.
88
. .803
IUCN Red List Categories.. 8to
89
I-RT. . . 8&S
.800
.898 8@
.80
8t8

.8¢

.......
89 . i
f. ..899
. .
...i
 0 , UFT7 fo,

TISSUE AND TISSUE SYSTEM

SI9 (Meristematic tissue) : COTAT R5TT PR AtAt 9P6 GTsCFA DTAT

AR ZT

T aas

.
 A

A AA

G
A

G
G
 ()TT1 tRTT CARTTON (Lateral meristem) : r T Ta TT

fAcafrs
. S.
. CTPTT R. .HTC

8.
. RT . a ziaàCE R2 PAI .. TT YCE R

( ) S S TU (Mass meristem) : S T TfTOT9 7 T (plane) T+ AIC, FA ZE

() CaT (D (Plate meristem) : S ® T N T (plane) AST , F

A, F ARET
() f3 5 0 (Rib meristem) : U fDaIa PTsTT 4PT T

TRATA I
() ATTVAIN (Procambium) : ÍRIT, TRTA GT ÍE4A) U

: T 0 A R 74417 Efso A G7 ATA

() MG ARTBA (Ground meristem)

GRTTDTU

7-S (RITR)-O8
 CRTCUTT

PTC

ATN,
f

1D (Permanent tissue) QT f TRGKT RUTA Y v 1o 1 4 10

iv) TOP CTTDTTPATd

a eff: eP s T fo g 7 () 7 (simple tissue),

( neT (complex tissue) 4R () 9 P I R2 D (secretory tissue)

ART R ) RRAT
( f (Complextissue) y a g cr 4R eR TA

() a 3 fET 1o (Secretory tissue) g T7T eT T (AD®, T H =

T () 1 10 (laticiferoustissue) R (i) a o (glandulartissue)

S10T3PNT
RICICIKAT
 G

A
JO
GI

|S|
 G

G A

A
A

ha

3
G

K
A
 A

G)
 c

2
 34

A
ik1g-2) kk2 (A) ( a L a ) a h Nu2Ua (»)
l a t e (a)
Iia (8)
22ae
 A

A
O0T
a #a

a
i.

vii. T RRI

ITs f (Ground tissue) : aT RTH FUT; TRT:

8I (Vascular bundle) T: T T FRUTT MA

A
 8

TTTE STRTA

: ) A

TRTCAD :

(vii) : ( NG1 4, 41S( NVIT YOSTa afyu

 P

8U

eTBTA

747,

RP TAT TF

81 b

T RJG,

TTATTTYTTYUTCA «TC R CPIGICA| 91N Y V Wrpo r NIT 9R IRACA

81CT
R , FTTN R|GI T
T

,, , IT 11, / TrU f I

-FRT
81

meristem)
D (Primary meristem) R(ii) GICPOIR U 1 (Secondary
TT- () S oT (Apical meristem), (ii)
TETCTR 4317 TA S T y o eTR;
meristem) R i ) TA ST TOJ (Lateral meristem)
(Intercalory
OITa
S UT
foR ¢PT; TRT-AIP STR TO,(mass meristem), (i) ca
41 fRETO7 PATTA UT vy
0 (Plate meristem) R (ii) UT D (Rib meristem)
foa a P ; TT- (i) CATTDTUT (Protoderm),
(ii) cTPTVRTY (ii) M5S
TPIa U fd
CAfADA (Ground meristem)

AR (ii) T DI
afMeTÁTM SDTa, (ii) aTSS ÍDA

S8
r8 aft-rT

I , tT( ), UTTm 4R TCaTeRAT fACA TRTA D sioo|

3 TTHTF T TRTAT 7 T AR TT Pteris, Lycopodium I Ý GECM