RENA JOCELLE C.

NALZARO

BSA-2 ABM-A

GRLW 1:00-2:30PM

II. RESOLVING A DISPUTE

THE TERRETORIAL DISPUTES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BETWEEN CHINA AND THE
PHILIPPINES

1. What is the dispute all about?

 China claims “indisputable sovereignty” over all the water, islands, reefs, rocks, seabed, mineral, and
living and non-living resources falling within its 9 dashed line in the South China Sea. However, the 9
dashed line area comprises almost 90% of the total area of the South China Sea. China’s 9 dashed line
claim to advance beyond the usual or proper limits on 80% of the Philippines 200 nm exclusive
economic zone and 100% of its 150 nm extended continental self-facing the South China Sea which
what Philippines call the Philippines Sea.

2. What led to the dispute?

 The illegal occupation of some China Islands and reefs in South China Sea led the dispute between the
Philippines and China. Aside from that, the unlawful establishment of infrastructure and the incident
of the Chinese patrol boats that had harassed a Philippine oil exploration vessel in disputed waters
near the Spratlys also led to the dispute.

3. What the government officials from the disputing countries are doing to address the problem?
  At first, China and the Philippine government committed to resolve its dispute through bilateral
negotiations. However, the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs in March 30 stated that it
submitted its memorial to the Arbitral Tribunal that is hearing against China under the United Nations
convention on the Law of the Sea.
In Duterte administration, he downplayed the Philippine maritime and territorial dispute with
China in exchange for economic benefits from Beijing.

4. How the Concept and sense of nationalism is observed in the different measure to address the dispute?

 In addressing the dispute, concept and sense of nationalism is being observed by

strengthening national unity than changing China’s behavior. The government embodied
the saying “never waste a good crisis” wherein it has latched on to the outcry of
nationalists, whipping up nationalism through vocal decrees and executive order.
Government even released a three-part documentary, titled Kalayaan that meant to
highlight Philippine claims to the West Philippine Sea. Its purpose is to raise awareness
about our territorial claim and countrymen should realize the importance of the West
Philippine Sea territories and that we must be united in supporting the government’s
position in resolving the dispute peacefully.

III. 19TH CENTURY WOES

OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL

The opening of Suez Canal to world shipping in 1869 stimulated Philippine progress. The
execution of GOMBURZA speed p the growth of the Philippine Nationalism, which ultimately
brought about Spain’s downfall.
 More than three centuries of centralized Spanish administration had fused the various regions
of the Philippines into a geographical whole. All that was lacking was the peoples inner feeling of
oneness to correspond to the external unity already achieved. But the last phases of colonial rule saw
this spirit of national consciousness. When the Suez Canal was opened, the old and long Manila
Galleon route had been abandoned, the Philippines was opened to foreign commerce and notable
improvements in communications emerged. The Philippines becomes closer to Europe and the newly
rich middle class could easily send their sons abroad for higher education. The latter after being
exposed to liberal trends, came home full of ideas about self-determination and the need for unity
among Filipinos who dared to speak up their minds, pride the achievements of the countrymen,
common resentments, ideals, interest and experiences triggered the nationalism that was coming into
being.

Filipinos seek to have greater freedom and participation in all areas of social life. The
Spanish clergy, as the most outspoken vanguard of Spanish rule over the Philippines, simply would
not hear it and openly belittled Filipino’s capacity for democratic way. With their notions of self-
competence rudely insulted and their pride hurt, Filipinos vented their resentment against the Spanish
clergy thus the birth of Filipino Nationalism.

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

Filipinos as a nation were fast arriving at the age of maturity with a

consciousness of national dignity which deeply resents the slightest discrimination and
resents the rule of foreign authority, demanding greater freedom, greater share in their
own government, and expecting to be granted autonomy and independence.
Unfortunately, Spain failed to realize, having lack of foresights in the social changes in
the colony. Spaniards with the attitude of superiority often looked down the Filipinos.
They did not realize that due to the education given to the Filipinos these had attained
them political maturity and consciousness of national personality.

The Filipino political leaders reinforced propaganda, actuated with the desires to
better the conditions of the country and a radical change in the existing order of things.
EXERCISES 2

I. UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORY OF CHINESE MESTIZO

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following question comprehensively.

1. What conditions led to then emergence of Chinese mestizos as important members of the
Philippines?

ANSWERS:

Chinese who settled in the islands before the Spanish colonization had intermarried with native women,
the emergence of the Chinese Mestizos is a legally distinct class began only with the Spanish colonial
regime. Soon after the Spaniards founded the city of Manila in 1571, a large colony evolved.

2. What were the implications of the Chinese mestizos in Philippine society?

ANSWERS:
The Chinese Mestizos were an important element of Philippine Society in the 19th century. They played
a significant role in the formation of the Filipino Middle class, in the agitation for reforms, in the 1899
revolution, and in the formatuon of what is now known as the Filipino nationality. In contemporary
times their role in national building continues.

II. RIZAL’S LOVE FOR LANGUAGE.

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the poem TO MY FELLOW YOUTH. In a group discussion, share your experiences or
insights on how the youth today shows confidence and interest in using their mother tongue. Do the
youth still value the language they were brought up with? Explain your answer. .

ANSWER:

In what I've observed, youth in present are really fluent in English but I think they still show interest and
confident in using their mother tongue since using mother tongue has a lot of benefits such as when you
use your mother tongue you will not run out of words to express what you want to convey and you can
be carefree and don't need to give special attention to grammar. In my insights youth in the present still
practice our mother tongue inspite of being fluent with other languange because it is our responsibility
to preserve our mother tongue and pass it on the next generations.
III. ESSAY WRITING

INSTRUCTIONS: Write a 500-word essay on your view on the history of friar lands and the conflict
between the landlords and tenants in Hacienda de Calamba. Use the following questions as your guide.

1. What is the broader history of the friar lands?

2. Why did Hacienda de Calamba become a site of agitation in the late 19th century?

ANSWER:

The Friar land scandal is important and shows how Filipinos were robbed of their soil. “The history of an
oppressed people is hidden in the lies and the agreed myth of its conquerors.” – Meridel Le Sueur,
American writer. We native Filipinos have been so brainwashed into believing that we are essentially
corrupt, i.e. with a “culture of corruption” in our blood/veins, figuratively speaking. Maybe to a degree
we have become so after witnessing for generations the corrupt practices of those in power (in
government, military and business), top to petty bottom; foreign, then native. As may be said: “the
values of those above cascade down to those below” or something to that effect.

We may not know exactly when our high corruption index began, but it appears that during the early
American colonial period, our new foreign masters – the Americans – were no better than the defeated
Spaniards (i.e. hated friars) as demonstrated in the following case of the so-called “Friar Land Scandal.”
Friar lands remain a legal curse, a century of disputes. Published by reposted only on March 26, 2012
“After more than a century of legal disputes since the US government tried resolving the friar lands
question in the Philippines, the vast estates owned by Spanish Catholic monastic orders remain a
labyrinthian issue among local courts and the much-assailed irregularities in the bureaucracy and the
justice system had further made life difficult for those staking their claims on these prime pieces of land.

When the Americans took over the Philippines from 300 years of Spanish rule in 1898, among the first
problems that confronted the new colonizer was the disposition of the so-called friar lands.” These huge
tracts of land are owned mostly by three predominant Spanish religious orders, the Dominicans,
Augustinians and Recollects, and comprise about one-tenth of all the improved lands in the islands. The
Philippine Revolution prior to the American takeover was mainly fueled by discontent among local
peasants with the feudal practices among these estates. In the Treaty of Paris signed in 1898 between
the Spanish and American governments to settle the war between the two countries, the US
government agreed to protect the friars’ rights over these. The US purchased some 170,000 hectares of
these lands for $7 million for resale. Last March 6, the SC, in a close 8-7 decision denied with finality
appeals made by three families claiming possession of a 34-hectare prime lot near Ayala Heights
subdivision in Quezon City known to many as the Piedad Estate, one of the biggest pieces of friar land in
the country.
EXERCISE 3

THE VALUE OF EDUCATION

They say that education is a key that opens up so many opportunities just like having a good
and well -paying job. But the importance of education doesn’t just end here. Having education is also
important in our economy where the people who enjoy education will be of great help to the economy
to grow and succeed. With education, we further develop the knowledge, skills and skills we have in
doing the activities that will be the foundation of our economy to achieve development.

It is also important to the government. Through this, lawmakers have a higher and more solid
knowledge of their duties and they are able to create laws that are correct and inclusive and not just
lightly because they are well thought out. The education of the people makes it easier for them to obey
the laws because they know it and they know the punishment associated with it when they disobey it.
With its help, the peace and avoidance of trouble in country can be further promoted.

With education, the use of media will be more critical, thoughtful and used in the right way
and purpose because having education fosters more thoughtful decision making and also because
education is not just about writing or reading, it also teaches respect and good manners that help the
church so that young people or citizens can live with the fear of God and obedience to his
commandments.

For myself, having an education is very important because I believe that “Education is the key
to success.” Having an education can be compared to my respect for my parents because I believe that it
is their heritage. It is important to myself because it opens many doors of opportunity.I already know
that through education and with perseverance and determination I can reach my dreams and the
suffering of my parents cannot be ignored.
 We all have different views on the importance of having an education. But whatever it is, in
the end, it still expresses the same idea. It is a foundation towards reaching so many dreams. This will
lead everyone to a clear and beautiful future.

RESPONDING RIZAL LETTER

ANSWER:

Today, freedom of thought and the right to education is granted to both boys and girls. Filipino mothers
teach children love of God, country and fellowmen.Filipino mothers are glad and honored, like Spartan
mothers, to offer their sons in defense of their country. Filipino women know how to protect their
dignity and honor. Filipino women educate themselves aside from retaining their good racial values.
Filipino women Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures. It is living the real
Christian way with good morals and manners.

EXERCISE 4

I. BEHIND THE PICTURE PAINT ME A PICTURE

INSTRUCTIONS:

Juan Luna’s The Blood Compact (1885) is a depiction of the blood compact that transpired between
Datu Sikatuna of Bohol and Captain General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi of Spain.

1. Note at least three significant observations you can find in this master piece.

• Friendship

• Treaty or Alliance

• Agreement

2. From your observations, inter the intentions of Luna in making the painting.

• Based on my observation, I think the inter intentions of Luna in making the The Blood Compact should
rather be seen as a pictorial expression of the Propaganda Movement that fought for legal equality
between Spaniards and Filipinos, instead of a representation promoting independence.

3. Write your own interpretation of the meaning of the painting.

• My own interpretation of the meaning of the painting is, it is forging of the first international treaty of
peace and friendship between two nations of different race and creed. On that fateful day of March 16,
1565, Captain General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi of the Spanish expedition and Datu Sikatuna, a native
chieftain of Bohol, sealed their friendship in a native ritual, the Blood Compact. As is the native custom
at that time, the two sealed their friendship through the shedding of blood wherein both draw two to
three drops of blood from their arms, mix the blood with the wine and then equally drank from the cup.

II. DIFFERING VIEWS OF THE PRE-CONQUEST PART

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the table provided.

 Pigafetta Morga

People Welcoming, Self-reliance Slavery abused by Spaniards

geneoristy in Morga's account
Friendship experiences were Filipino were described as
similar to native Filipino inferior.

Customs And culture Have a lot of fiestas dance and Filipino culture and language
music were greatly influenced by
Spaniards

Beliefs and religion Witnesssed the first mass in the Natives are religious
Philippines which he was
amazed by their devotion anf
loyalty

Society and government Society and government were System of the government were
tolerant critical

Remarkable practices Natives has a remarkable Natives has a remarkable

practices such as mourning for practices for Catholics
dead

EXERCISES:

I. TRAVEL BACK IN TIME

INSTRUCTIONS:

The La Solidaridad served as the venue for the Filipino propagandists to voice out their concerns against
the Spanish colonial rule. Imagine that you can travel back in time and visualize yourself as part of the La
Solidaridad. Submit an essay/article to the newspaper defending Filipinos from the accusation that they
are indolent.

ANSWERS:

La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of
Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to
increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer
relationship between the Philippines and Spain.

In the article of Inquirer opinion, Ramon Tulfo’s rant against our supposedly lazy countrymen coupled
with unfair comparison with hardworking Chinese has reaped a whirlwind of online bashing from the
onion-skinned who felt alluded to, and those who take every opportunity to contradict whatever Tulfo
says or writes. Tulfo took refuge under the National Hero’s overcoat, tweeting: “To those who have
been bashing me. Read Jose Rizal’s essay about the indolence of the Filipino in his time. Thank you!". For
a moment, bashing stopped, but resumed when those who looked up Rizal’s essay realized Tulfo had
not read beyond the essay title.

“Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos (On the indolence of the Filipinos)” is a very long, and at times angry,
essay by Rizal that saw print in La Solidaridad in March 1890. From abroad and across time, Rizal reacted
to the charge, from the Spanish colonial masters, that Filipinos were indolent or lazy. Rizal did not
condemn it, rather he explained it:

Rizal explained: “Nature knows this and like a just mother has therefore made the earth more fertile,
more productive, as a compensation. An hour’s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious
influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s work in a temperate climate.”

It is the Spaniard who is lazy, argued Rizal, as they detest manual labor and live surrounded by Filipino
servants who “not only exist to take off their shoes for them but even to fan them!” His analysis as a
physician and historian led to primary sources that proved Filipinos in pre-Spanish times were not so:
“Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. The Filipinos have not always
been what they are.”

Using his notes gathered from the British Library from 1888 to 1889 while at work on his annotated
edition of Antonio de Morga’s 1609 “Sucesos de las islas Filipinas (Events of the Philippine Islands),”
Rizal presented early accounts like the “Zhu Fan Zhi,” published by Chau Ju-kua in 1225, which described
the industry and honesty of the Filipinos before the Spanish conquest; and Antonio Pigafetta’s chronicle
of the Magellan expedition, regarding the capture and ransom of the Chief of Paragua. Wielding history
as a weapon, Rizal asked sarcastically: “How did the industrious infidel become indolent centuries later
when he was Christianized? Why did they forget their proud past and become indolent?”

Rizal also blamed the sorry state of the colony. The galleon trade had cut off existing trade between the
Philippines and China and Southeast Asia, the trade monopoly running Filipino traders and artisans out
of business. Furthermore, the lure of the galleon trade led to the neglect of commerce and agriculture.
People were conscripted to work in the shipyards, forced to build roads and buildings with little or no
pay, decimating the population and killing their natural love for work. Their goods and services were
taken by force, such that they simply refused to work more only to have their products taken for free,
paid cheaply, or so heavily taxed that these ended up not worth the trouble.

People were also insecure about their liberty, with false accusations and the like.

Gambling was another factor, because it bred “dislike for steady and difficult toil by its promise of
sudden wealth and its appeal to the emotions, with the lotteries,” said Rizal. Finally, he pointed out the
failure of education, which was more focused on religion than on the secular and useful, with the
exception of the Jesuits and the Dominican Benavides. “From his birth until he sinks into his grave, the
training of the native is brutalizing, depressive and antihuman (the word ‘inhuman’ is not sufficiently
explanatory: whether or not the Academy admits it, let it go).”

Rizal did not just rant, he provided a solution: education and the formation of what he called a “national
sentiment.” Rizal left us with 25 volumes of writings to instruct and inspire, but alas, he wrote a lot for a
nation that does not read him. It took a foreigner, Syed Hussein Alatas, to build on Rizal’s essay and
publish “The Myth of the Lazy Native” (1977), disproving as myth the laziness of the Malays, Filipinos
and Javanese in colonial times.

II. RIZALISTA VS. PILARISTA

INSTRUCTIONS:

Compare and contrast the two propagandists. Complete the table provided and answer the question.

Rizal Del Pilar

Background José Rizal, in full José Protasio Marcelo Del Pilar was born in
Rizal Mercado y Alonso Kupang, Bulacan, on Aug. 30,
 Realonda, (born June 19, 1861, 1850, to cultured parents. He
Calamba, Philippines—died studied at the Colegio de San
December 30, 1896, Manila), José and later at the University
patriot, physician, and man of of Santo Tomas, where he
letters who was an inspiration to finished his law course in 1880.
the Philippine nationalist Fired by a sense of justice
movement. The son of a against the abuses of the clergy,
prosperous landowner, Rizal was Del Pilar attacked bigotry and
educated in Manila and at the hypocrisy and defended in court
University of Madrid. A brilliant the impoverished victims of
medical student, he soon racial discrimination. He
committed himself to the reform preached the gospel of work,
of Spanish rule in his home self-respect, and human dignity.
country, though he never His mastery of Tagalog, his
advocated Philippine native language, enabled him to
independence. Most of his arouse the consciousness of the
writing was done in Europe, masses to the need for unity and
where he resided between 1882 sustained resistance against the
and 1892. Spanish tyrants.

Major Works In 1887 Rizal published his first Del Pilar, together with Basilio
novel, Noli me tangere (The Teodoro Moran and Pascual H.
Social Cancer), a passionate Poblete, founded the short-lived
exposure of the evils of Spanish Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog
rule in the Philippines. A sequel, Newspaper) in 1882. Diariong
El filibusterismo (1891; The Tagalog was the first bilingual
Reign of Greed), established his newspaper in the Philippines and
reputation as the leading was financed by the wealthy
spokesman of the Philippine Spanish liberal Francisco Calvo y
reform movement. He published Muñoz. Del Pilar became the
an annotated edition (1890; editor of the Tagalog section.
reprinted 1958) of Antonio José Rizal's essay El Amor Patrio
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas was featured in the newspaper.
Filipinas, hoping to show that Del Pilar translated it into
the native people of the Tagalog language, Ang Pagibig sa
Philippines had a long history Tinubúang Lupà (Love of
before the coming of the Country).
Spaniards. He became the leader
of the Propaganda Movement, On January 21, 1888, del Pilar
worked for the establishment of
contributing numerous articles
to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, a school of "Arts, Trades, and
Agriculture" by drafting of a
published in Barcelona. Rizal’s
 political program included memorial to the gobernador civil
integration of the Philippines as (civil governor) of Bulacan. This
a province of Spain, was signed by the
representation in the Cortes (the gobernadorcillos, ex-
Spanish parliament), the gobernadorcillos, leading
replacement of Spanish friars by citizens, proprietors,
Filipino priests, freedom of industrialists, professors, and
assembly and expression, and lawyers of the province.
equality of Filipinos and
On December 15, 1889, del Pilar
Spaniards before the law.
succeeded Graciano López Jaena
as editor of the La Solidaridad.
Under his editorship, the aims of
the newspaper expanded. Using
propaganda, it pursued the
desires for: assimilation of the
Philippines as a province of
Spain; removal of the friars and
the secularization of the
parishes; freedom of assembly
and speech; equality before the
law; and Philippine
representation in the Cortes, the
legislature of Spain.

Propaganda style Rizal became a leader of the As a firebrand, Del Pilar operated
reformist movement called with blasphemous humor to
Propaganda, an unwavering wage war on the friars. With his
campaign for political and social use of the Tagalog language
freedoms, lobbying the instead of Spanish (Rizal used
peninsular government, using Spanish), his propaganda in the
their connections with the liberal Philippines became a double-
Spanish politicians. edged sword: a castigation of the
friars which agitated them, and a
call to action among Filipinos.

Nationalistic ideology Rizal's nationalism is of the Marcelo H. del Pilar already

inclusive, caring kind. This he knew how to plant the seeds of
spelled out in the aims of La Liga nationalism, and to rise and
 Filipina: mutual protection in stand up against the abuses of
every want or necessity, defense the colonial rulers. He tried to
against all violence and injustice, marshal the nationalist
and encouragement of sentiment of the enlightened
instruction, agriculture, and Filipino ilustrados, or
commerce bourgeoisie, against Spanish
imperialism.

What are the implications of the Rizal-Del Pilar rivalry to the formation of Rizal’s nationalistic
ideologies?

ANSWER:

Rizal and Del Pilar’s rivalry arose during the time Del Pilar became the owner of Solidaridad, Del Pilar’s
management and editorial policy often times were not the same to Rizal’s political vision. Rizal objected
the periodical’s editorial policy which was often contradicting Rizal’s political views. This rivalry created
rift between the Filipinos in Madrid. To solve the issue the two factions decided to vote for the position
of leader Responsible, Rizal one twice however the votes did not meet the 2/3 majority requirement, on
the third election Rizal won but declined the position knowing that some of Pilar’s supporters does not
like him or his political views. Rizal left Madrid and also stopped contributing to La Solidaridad to write El
Filibusterismo and avoid clashing between Pilar’s supporters. These two men may have had different
political views and differ in intentions but they both found a mutual respect and admiration for one
another. Rizal and Del Pilar wanted a Free Philippines, they both wanted to stop the ill treatment of
their fellow countrymen and they were one of the brave people who stood up and fought for what they
believed. They are both connected by mutual love for their country. Del Pilar said in a letter to Rizal
during his exile in Dapitan, “I have not stopped wishing for the renewal of our former ties, for I believe
that slight differences in procedure are not enough to destroy our common principles, purposes, and
feeling".

III. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE

INSTRUCTIONS:

Compare and contrast the characters, plot, and theme of the Noli and El Fili. You may watch the video
Tauhan ng El Filibusterismo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAGTKyixoSg)

ANSWER:
CHARACTERS

• Noli showed a softspoken, patient, compassionate and idealistic Crisostomo Ibarra while El Fili
featured a diferent Ibarra who portrayed the angry and vengeful side of him and disguised himself a the
wealthy jeweller named Simoun.

PLOT

• The plot revolves around Crisostomo Ibarra, mixed-race heir of a wealthy clan, returning home after
seven years in Europe and filled with ideas on how to better the lot of his countrymen. Striving for
reforms, he is confronted by an abusive ecclesiastical hierarchy and a Spanish civil administration by
turns indifferent and cruel. Meanwhile, El Fili narrates the return of the Noli Character Crisostomo Ibarra
as a wealthy jeweller, bent on starting a revolution.

THEME

• The theme of Noli Me Tangere seems to expose the exploitations commited by the Spanish friars and
government officials. The various friars in the book were arrogant, condescending to the filipinos, and
greedy. They represented the infamous behaviour of the Spanish friars in the Philippines. The brutality
of other officials and authorities are also shown in the novel. It is a lot more hopeful and a little romatic
than in comparison to el FIli. Noli is a love story or a romantic novel dedicated to our motherland while
El Fili is a political novel associated with revenge and anger and is dedicated to GOMBURZA.
EXERCISES:

I. JOSE RIZAL BY PROFESSION

INSTRUCTIONS:

Watch the film Rizal sa Dapitan (1997). afterwards, in pairs, identify the five different professions that
Rizal practice while in exile. Explain how Rizal carried out these professions.

ANSWERS:

1. Profession: Teacher

Description: A person who teaches, especially in a school.

• Rizal dreamed of founding a school with Blumetritt as school director so that he could focus in
studying science and in writing history.[vi] In Talisay, he built a school and taught local children (16 high
school level boys in 1896), as well as children entrusted to him by his kins (elementary level), how to
catch insects, gather shells, dive for rare fish, speak and write languages like Spanish, English, French
and German, as well as “practical lessons in botany and zoology,” physical fitness and martial arts. As a
teacher, Rizal developed his own practical teaching method, learning aids and learning management.”

2. Profession: Farmer

Description: A person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish)

• Rizal’s farm had fruit trees (mangoes, lanzone, guayabanos, baluno, nanka, etc.), rabbits, dogs, cats,
chickens, rice, corn, ferns and flowers like roses and sampaguita.  When Rizal found out that that the
local fisherfolk used an inefficient fishing technique, he looked for ways to address this problem. Rizal
also formed the Sociedad de Agricultores Dapitanos in 1895 to “improve/promote agricultural products,
obtain better profits for them, provide capital for the purchase of these goods, and help to the extent
possible the harvesters and labourers by means of a store (co-op) where articles of basic necessity are
sold at moderate price".
3. Profession: Surgeon

Description: Surgeons operate on patients to treat injuries, such as broken bones; diseases, such as
cancerous tumors; and deformities, such as cleft palates.

• Rizal’s fame as an exiled surgeon began seven days after his arrival in Dapitan and while he was staying
in the house of the governor and military commandant. This was made possible by an incident that
occurred during a celebration of the town’s fiesta on 24 July 1892. A local resident was hurt by a
firecracker that exploded in his hands. He squirmed in pain, but the local folks could not help him. An
unknown Rizal came into the picture and treated his first patient. In a few months, the townfolk would
call him “Dr. Rizal” and “greeted him with more reverence than they did the comandante and the parish
priest. As a surgeon, Rizal offered free services to the local people, but charged the visitors based on
their capacity to pay. From his earnings, he helped the town by building a hospital, donating funds for
public lighting, etc. But he was conscious of the difficulty he was facing as a physician.

4. Profession: Engineer

Description: A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or public works.

• On 15 January 1895, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he was “going to build a water-tank on my land. I
have 14 boys whom I teach languages, mathematics, and how to work, and as we have no work I have
decided to construct a dike of stone, brick, and mortar so that they may learn.” On 20 November of the
same year, he wrote that he “made a wooden machine for making bricks” and that he could “make at
least 6,000 a day”. He eventually built an oven for the bricks. Outside his land, Rizal helped the town by
developing its first park, with street lamps and a garden/flower relief map of the whole island of
Mindanao. With support of the local authorities and the residents, he constructed Dapitan’s aqueduct
with a length of several kilometers using clay tiles and lime. He also initiated plaza beautification and
clean-up to improve health and sanitation.

5. Profession: Architect

Description:  A person who designs buildings and advises in their construction.

• Constructed residential and little hospital houses. He also assisted to the beautification of the public
square.

II. REFLECTION PAPER

INSTRUCTIONS:

The controversy on the retraction letter that Rizal allegedly wrote regarding his statements against the
Catholic Church and Spanish rule has not been resolved yet. Did Rizal retract? Using 250 - 300 words,
explain your answer on this question.

ANSWER:

Many historians arguing whether Rizal retracted from what he had stated about the Catholic
Church or not. From Rizal’s statement: "I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings,
publications and conduct have been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church.", some
says that this document is a forgery and the other are asserting that it’s authentic and Rizal was the only
who wrote and signed the retraction paper. There are arguments found that depend the both claims.
But the only thing is, even Rizal retracted or not, the knowledge he inculcated to us will not change.

The issue whether Rizal really retracted only lies in the judgement of the reader, for no amount
of proof can probably make the two opposing side agree with each other. For me, I do not know what
side to believe if Rizal did retract it would seem that what he have been fighting for would be futile but
who knows what he really did maybe he just want to have peace on the final hours of his life so he
retracted his words and deeds. Some said that if you didn’t believe that Rizal retracted then maybe you
should change your religion from Roman Catholic. But in my opinion, it doesn’t mean that if you believe
in Rizal’ s work you are not a devoted Catholic, his works only mirrored what was really happening in
Philippines during the Spanish occupation your devotion to your religion should not make you blind in
front of the truth. Whether Rizal retracted or not it still didn’t change the fact that his works led the
Filipino people to fight for their rights, to fight the people who oppressed them, his works stirred the
nationalism and patriotism in the hearts of the Filipino people that made them fight for their own
country, for their own people. Whether Rizal retracted or not it didn’t change the fact that he is one of
the reason why the Filipinos made a revolution to free the country, to give the Filipinos the freedom
they yearn, and to secure a bright future for the future generations. Rizal would still remain a hero in the
eyes of the Filipinos even if he did retract, the contribution of his works and deeds to attain

III. READING REPORT

INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the assigned reading and complete the statements below:

http://seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/sites/seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/files/1999f_2.pdf
1.The three things that I significantly learned from the reading are ………

ANSWER: The three things that I significantly learned from the reading are vocabulary, knowledge and
creativity.

2. The three things that are still unclear to me..

ANSWER:The three things that are still unclear to me is the history of Jose Rizal and Del Pilar and their
whole background

3. I used to think that……….

ANSWER: I used to think that history is not important to study.

3. The three questions that I want to ask about the reading are………………

ANSWER:

1. Why we should read the reading?

2. What is the purpose of the reading?

3. How will the reading benefits the readers?