TRENDS - Lesson 13 and 14

Subject: Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century
Module 3: GLOBAL NETWORKS
 Globalization. It comes from the word globalize, which refers to the rise of global networks of
economic systems. It is a process involving interconnections, diffusion and exchange of goods
(production), services (technology), ideas (communication) and people.
 Paul James (social theorist) identified four different forms of globalization

1. Embodied globalization – refers to the movement or migration of people
2. Agency-extended globalization – which deals with the dispersion and exchange of agents or
representatives of various institutions, polities and organization
3. Object-extended globalization – which involves the mobility of goods, commodities and
other objects of exchange such as machinery, money and food items
4. Disembodied globalization – which covers the diffusion of ideas, knowledge and
information such as the Dos and DONTs of dating, Confucian philosophy and good study
habits across the world.
 Globalization is multidimensional. The dimensions mirror the comprehensive reach and effects of
globalization. The dimensions of globalization include the following:
1. Economic globalization. This refers primarily to international business, which covers all
contracts and negotiations concerning sales, investments, mobilization and related
transactions undertaken by two or more regions, countries and nations outside their political
territories.
The forerunners of economic globalization are the multinational companies (MNCs) or
transnational companies that have branches in two or more countries.
Examples: Nike, Adidas and Reebok, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Toyota, Ford and Mitsubishi,
McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Jollibee, Exxon Mobil, Chevron, Shell
Economic globalization increases the process of economic integration among countries,
leading to the creation of a common market such as the European Union (EU) or a free trade
area such as the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), the ASEAN-China Free Trade
Area (ACFTA) and Mercosur in South America.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that sets rules to
ensure a smooth and free trade among nations.
2. Sociocultural globalization.
Two components:
a. Cultural globalization.
Refers to the spread of
ideas, values and meanings across countries, which broaden and increase social relations.
It paves the way for the creation of shared norms as well as of broader and deeper
knowledge of other cultural identities. This facilitates increased interrelation and
interconnection among variegated cultures and populations and a better appreciation for
one another.
Religion, language, cuisine, fashion, music and dance and other ramifications of pop
culture are the elements in cultural globalization.
b. Social globalization. Covers the diffusion of beliefs, practices and issues concerning
population growth, media, urbanization, tourism education and sports that also drive
nations, institutions and governments to expand social relations.
Urbanization, or the establishment, development and enhancement of socioeconomic and
political facilities and services, has resulted in grave disparities between city and the
countryside in terms of availability of social services, employment opportunities,
educational alternatives and recreational facilities.
Mass movements or migration rate of people from rural areas to urban centers
unsurprisingly ensued, resulting in congestion, unemployment, squalor and rise in
criminality in the cities.
One of the major concerns of this is the global health, which refers to the health condition
of the global population that goes beyond the concerns of individual nations.
3. Political globalization. This involves institutions, public policies and practices that cut
across national borders to facilitate international agreements and transactions.
Non-government organizations have taken a more active role in influencing public policy
beyond national borders. Examples: women’s group and international foundations.
4. Natural environment globalization. This concerns the environment where the interaction of
living species takes place. Natural environment globalization promotes the sharing of the
natural resources such as fresh water, clean air, abundant aquatic resources and ample energy
supply by all humanity and through generations.

TRENDS - Lesson 13 and 14

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRENDS - Lesson 13 and 14

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRENDS - Lesson 13 and 14

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Subject: Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century

Module 3: GLOBAL NETWORKS

 Paul James (social theorist) identified four different forms of globalization

You might also like