Energy Resources Management & Utilization
Energy Resources Management & Utilization
Energy Resources Management & Utilization
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Introduction
1990 8700
2000 9900
1 Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, 1 TWh = 109
2010 12600 kWh
Pakistan’s TES (2020): 116 Mtoe
2019 14400
TES = Production + Imports -
2020 13800 (Exports + Storage changes)
2021 14500
https://www.enerdata.net/estore/energy-market/pakistan/ 5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_supply_and_consumption
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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ourworldindata.org
Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
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Need for Energy Management
National/ Global Good - Relevant Statistics
GDP
Total Imports Crude Oil Imports Bill
Crude Oil Imports
Pakistan
- 2020-21: 11.36 b 21.7% of total imports (52.33 b), 3.2% of GDP (348.3 b)
- 2021-22: 23.18 b 37/ 73% of total imports/ exports (62.66/ 31.55 b), 6.1% of GDP (376.5 b)
India
- 2020-21: 62.62 b 12.3% of total imports (509.4 b), 2% of GDP (3200 b)
- 2021-22: 119.2 b 15.7/ 17.5% of total imports/ exports (758.8/ 679 b), 3.4% of GDP (3460 b)
GDP
*All figures in approx USD
Total Imports
Crude Oil Imports 13
Other issues related to Energy Use
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Other issues related to Energy Use
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Other issues related to Energy Use
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Other issues related to Energy Use
- Many countries substitute oil imports with cheaper coal - which produces sulphur
and carbon dioxides that produce acid rains and potential climatic effects
- Synfuels require strip mining, are cost intensive, have heavy water demand
- On-site coal gasification is yet to prove technologically, economically and
environmentally
- Solar energy is generated through photovoltaics or thermal processes. Require large
land areas
- Biomass is expensive on large scale. Monocultures require large land areas
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Sources Other than Fuel Oils/ Gas
- Wind energy is only feasible in high wind velocity and has noise and aesthetic
problems. Installation and operating costs are falling with new wind turbine
technologies. Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for
many countries.
- Fuel cells produce clean electricity from Hydrogen and Oxygen. Hydrogen is however
not a primary energy source and is produced from natural gas (fossil, climatic effects)
- Alcohol (ethanol) produces energy from agricultural products, with increasing food
insecurity. Wood waste is being tested for ethanol production which may offer
improvement. Sugar cane and its waste are being used in Brazil for large scale ethanol
production
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Sources Other than Fuel Oils/ Gas
- Fission (nuclear power plants) have well known problems of safety, waste disposal
and short time span. Without breeder reactors (fuel reprocesses for reuse), world
will soon run out of fuel (Uranium). Breeder reactors produce large amount of
Plutonium (raw material for nuclear weapons)
- Fusion is hope for the future, but technology is still nascent. When available
commercially, fusion may very well have its own style of environmental-economical
problems
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Sources Other than Fuel Oils/ Gas
LCOE
Levelized cost of energy
(LCOE) estimates the average
cost per unit of energy
generated across the lifetime
of a new power plant. It is
measured in US$ per kilowatt-
hour.
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Electricity Prices
Global
Pakistan:
Installed capacity
MW
Pakistan:
118 Actual
100 generation
India 73
2021-22
Pakistan 35
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Energy Management
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Energy Management Prospects
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Questions?