Complete Mathematics For Cambridge Secondary 1 Book 3

Answers to Student Book 3 Exercise 1C
1 b 625 c 128 d 2 e 2 f 3 g 4
h 4 i 6
Chapter 1 2 a 6 b 8 c 6 d 10
3 a 610 b 723 c 317 d 105
Check in 4 a 213
7 2 2 1 1 1 b 72 index form not possible as bases not the same
1 a 10 b 5 c 3 d 5 e 12 f 9
3 3 3 c 3600 index form not possible as bases not the same
2 a i 120 ii 35 iii 710 d 411
13 31 17
b i 10 ii 8 iii 3 5 a 2 h 4 c 6
6 a 23 b 33 c 45 d 75 e 96 f 54
3 a i 16 ii 27 iii 16
b y7 7 a 6 b 53 c 123 d 74 e 205 f q
g b h y42m i 4p4 j 3x4 k 5m8
Equivalent fraction puzzles page 8
7 8 3
Exercise 1D
1 15 2 13 3 7 1 a 20 b 30 5 1 c 70 5 1 d 90 5 1
9 25 5
4 24 5 15 6 17
2 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1 e 1 f 1
7
21
8
90
9
12 3 a 4 b 526 c 4
12 162 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 a False e.g. 9
8
b 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 4 a 7 b 3 c 4 d 8 e 52 5 25 f 33 5 27
5 a 6–1 b 2–1 c 20–1 d 100–1 e 4–2 f 5–3
Exercise 1A 6 a 5–2 b 8–3
1 3 1 2 1 1
1 a 2 b 5 c 4 d 1 e 9 f 0 9 10–3; 1000 5 10–4; 100 000 5 10–5
3 5 13 37 5 7
2 a 4 b 6 c 15 d 56 e 9 f 18
7 3 13 11 1 1 Investigation page 16
3 a 20 b 8 c 63 d 56 e 4 f 4
7 1 5 11 5 1 Cube None 1 face 2 faces 3 faces
4 a 512 b 24 c 912 d 235 e 46 f 1110
painted painted painted
11 9 9 23
g 212 h 320 i 420 j 840 23232 0 0 0 8
7
6 112 kg 33333 1 6 12 8
3
7 28 m 43434 8 24 24 8
19 2
8 a 21 b 21 53535 27 54 36 8
5
9 18 ℓ n3n3n (n 2 2) 3
6(n 2 2) 2
12(n 2 2) 8
2 7
10 a 415 b 410 13 3 13 3 13 1331 726 132 8
11 a 4 b 2 c 9 d 18
5 1 4 2 1 3 3 3 11 3 2 Exercise 1E
12 212 1 112 25 10 12 24 20 15 124 8 23
1 4; 8 cm
5
Investigation page 10 2 412 km
Yes, all non-unit fractions can be written as a sum of different unit fractions. 3 16 cm
4 6
Exercise 1B 5
1
1 1 3 1 7 3 21 litres
1 a 12 b 4 c 8 d 2 e 20 f 7 23
8 1 6 151
g 33 h 2 9
7 a 64 b 9 c 1 d 10
1 1 13 1 1 29
2 a 42 b 24 c 216 d 96 e 64 f 832 8 a $60 b $60
5 7
g 156 h 1911 9 The fraction was not made top heavy before cancelling, the correct
1 1 3 15 work is:
3 a 2 b 12 c 3 d 16 e 216 f 16
97 97 679 4
5 3
945
3 357 5 9 375 9 5 759 .
g 122 h 8
1 5 11 16 5
4 a 2 b 2 c 28 d 121 e 225 f 213 Consolidation Exercise 1
23 9
g 290 h 16 1 a 16
1
b
53
c 335
31
d
4
e 38
7
56 21
5 3 8 1 1 2
5 a 56 m b 2410 kg c 2415 ml d 26 t e 6 f 15 2 a
2
b
1
83 c 17
2
d
12
e 148
47
49 8 3 5 25
g 64 h 15 i 15 1 33 1 1 7
1 1 25 3 13
3 a 512 b 46 c 3 d 2 e 219
6 a 24 b 18 c 19 d 148 e 28 f 72
7 2 4 a 26 b 56 c 4– 4 d 412 e 4–3 f 1
g 515 h 0 i 43 j 1 g 6 h 1
15 27 2 2 14 5 4
7 a 44 b 32 c 13 d 13 e 15 f 12 5 15 m
23 10 7 77
g 126 h i 0 j k 1
27 20 150 6 22 hours
4 5
8 5 kg 7 26
9
9 1110 cm2 8 6
10
4
129 m 9 8
10 3
433 13 7
11 a 219 b 658 11 a b
34 32
2
– 7 – 7 6
12 $280
12 a 316 b 1 c 32 d 325
3 1 2 9 3 13 a p 5 8, q 5 4 b r 5 8; s 5 4
13 a 25 b 18 c 3 d 53 e 25 f 15
14 1 or 0
14 a 20 b 2
d the second number is 10 times bigger than the first
Answers to Student Book 3 121
Check out 5 a 3a b 2 c 2.5 d 4p e 3 f 4p
3 14 5 1 11 1 5 1 7b3 4x
1 a b c d e 220 f 115 g x h 2y i a j a k 3a2 l y
4 15 12 8
3 1 2 1 1 6 a 22xy b 17p2q 1 7lm c pqr 1 6abx 1 mny
2 a 8 b 12 c 5 d 6 e 64 f 25
d 4pq 2 13ab e 4x2y2 1 9xy
40 3
g 181 h 132 7 a 39 b 144 c 120 d 12 e 32 f 25
3 a 25 b 511 c 711 d 97 e 43 f 1 g 14 h 32
g 24 h 1 8 a 11x2 b 4mn c 23l2m2 d 2
16pqr e 2
15m
7ab2
f 66ab g 21a5 h 8p3q4 i 5m2 j 2
Chapter 2 k
4
l
2n2
7x3 3l2
Check in
2
Exercise 2D
1 a 4 b 5 c 3 d 21 e 2
7
1 a 2a 1 2b b 3x 1 6y c 12p 2 20q
2 a 215 b 12 c 2
2 d 5 e 2
1 d 5ab 1 5ac e 3pq 2 6pr f 5a 2 10b 1 15c
3 a 15 b 13 c 11 d 21 g 2xy 2 4x 1 6xw h 2
6l 2 3m i 22lm 1 10ln
4 a 99 b 88 c 5 d 38 j p2 1 3pq 2 5pr k 2
12xy 1 8y l 4x3 2 4x2 1 4x
5 a 10 b 14 c 12 2 a 5x 1 y b 7l 1 9m
c 2p 2 10q 1 4r d 4ab 1 10ac 2 4a2 1 2bc
Exercise 2A e 5 1 7m 1 4m2 f 8n 2 3m 2 7mn
1 a 4a cm b 3a cm c 6a cm 3 a 5x 1 y b 10x 1 19y c 2a 2 5b
2 a 20 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm b 28 cm, 21 cm, 42 cm d 11x 2 8 e 3x3 1 11x f 25a 2 4ab
2
c 48 cm, 36 cm, 72 cm 4 a 18x 2 3y 2 2z b 6m 1 5n c 3x3 1 2x2 2 6x
3 a P 5 2l 1 2b b P 5 6x 1 4y 5 a 3m 2 3n 1 mn b 31 2 5x 2 4x3
2
4 a Yes b Yes c Yes c p3q 1 2pq 1 p21q d x22y 1 x2y 1 15xy 1 5xy22
1 5
5 a 18 b 34 e p 2 p2 1 q 1 pa f 2p3 2 3 p 1 3 p2
6 a 38 b 88
7 a 5x b 16y c 20z d 6x e 5y f z Exercise 2E
8 a 15 b 128 c 240 d 18 e 40 f 12 1 a 3(x 1 y) b 5(a 2 b) c 4(x 1 y 1 z)
9 a 20 cm b 28 cm d 6(a 2 b 1 c) e 2(x 1 3y) f 4(2a 2 b)
10 a A 5 12x b A 5 12y g 3(x 1 2y 1 3z) h 5(5a 2 2b 2 c)
11 i a A 5 84 b A 5 12 2 a a(x 1 y) b p(a 2 b) c p(x 1 y 1 z)
d r(a 2 b 1 c) e q(x 1 3y) f s(5a 2 b)
ii a A 5 36 b A 5 18
g t(2x 1 5y 1 z) h l(7a 2 4b 2 c)
12 a 212°F b 0°C
3 a (p 1 q)x b (a 2 b)s c (p 1 q 1 r)x
d (r 2 s 1 t)a e (3l 1 2m)y f (6f 2 5g)h
Exercise 2B g (4x 1 9y 1 z)t h (21 2 7m 2 3n)g
1 a a5 b q8 c r10 d s15 e p8 f j19 4 a m(3 1 5n 1 m) b p(2 1 3r 1 p) c 2l(3 1 m 1 l)
g am1n h pa1b i ma1b1c j xa1m1c d 5rs(1 1 10s 1 3r)
2 a q b b3 c y4 d 4p4 e 3x4 f 2y5 5 a 2(a 1 b) b 3(a 2 b) c 4(x 1 3y)
10 d 3(3p 2 2q) e p(x 1 y) f r(a 2 b)
g 5n3 h x2
g s(7x 1 4y) h t(2a 2 7b) i x(a 1 b 1 c)
3 a 8a7 b 6c9 c 6p d 2q4 j l(a 2 b 2 c) k r(4x 1 5y 1 z) l p(a 2 6b 1 8c)
4 a x6 b x6 c x9 d 16x8 e x28 f 81x8 6 a x(l 1 m) b n(a 2 b) c y(7p 1 2q)
5 amn d t(r 2 5s) e t(p 1 q 1 r) f n(a 1 b 2 c)
6 a x3 b p9 c y24 d q3 g x(5l 1 m 1 2n) h g(4k 2 2l 2 m)
7 a
1
b
1
c
1
d 1 e
1 7 a 2p(2 1 r 1 3z) b 5m(1 1 3p 1 5g) c 3s(3r 1 1 1 2s)
p5 x3 q7 k6
5
d 2m(2l 1 n 1 4pn) e ab2(1 6b 1 2a) f 3xy2(x 1 1)
x z
8 a lm2 b y 8 a x(x 1 3) b y(y 2 5) c z(2z 1 3)
p 2
x3 d m(4m 2 1) e x(x2 1 2y) f y2 (4z 2 y)
3 2
9 a q3 b yz c km g ab(b 1 a) h xyz2 (x 2 z) i pr(r 1 2h)
10 a 2p q 6 3
b p c 3p3 d
2pq5 j 2lm(m 1 4l) k x2 (x2 1 x 1 1) l 8y(4 1 2y2 1 y4)
3
9 a ab(c2 1 b 1 a) b pq2r(p2 1 pr 1 r2) c 7xy(a 1 2b 1 3c)
x10 x2 d 8x3(x3 1 2x 1 6) e lm(2p 2 1 1 5m) f fg2(f 3 2 6fg 1 2g2)
11 x2 3 x3 x3 3x 3 x
g 5bcd(a 1 7e) h 8klm2n(3k 2 4ln2) i 4cx(4ab 2 7bd 2 5de)
x4
x2 3 x 3 x2 x11 3 x2 4 x10 10 a 7(x 2 4) b 11x(1 2 y) c c(a 1 b 1 3)
d 7lm(l 1 m)
4 2 7 2
x 3x 3x x 4x 11 a xy(x 1 3 1 4y) b 2rs(1 1 9t 1 4rs 1 5t2)
1 5
5
x 4x 8
x 4 4 1 x4 2 2 c 2mn(7n 1 1 1 4m 1 4mn) d g2h 1 3 1 3 g 1 2gh2 2
x
e xy(x 1 2y 1 xy2 1 x3y3)
p30 10 1 p5 3 p3 2 2 1 p4 3 p2 2 3
12 1 p2 3 p8 2 2 5p 1 p 3 p3 2 2 5 p12 p5 5 p13
Exercise 2F
13 a P 6 b x c A6 d m10 e x5 f y
g 4T h h15 i 2g3 1 a x(p 1 q) 1 y(p 1 q) 5 (x 1 y)(p 1 q)
b x(a 2 b) 1 y(a 2 b) 5 (x 1 y)(a 2 b)
Exercise 2C c u(t2 1 s) 1 v(t2 1 s) 5 (u 1 v)(t2 1 s)
d x(2l 1 m)2 y(2l 1 m) 5 (x 2 y)(2l 1 m)
2
1 a 8x b 10a c 12b d 3y e 9a f 3b 2 a (x 1 y)(r 1 s) b (x 1 y)(2r 1 s) c (x 1 y)(3a 1 b)
2
g 8p h 17ab i 9a2 j 7b2 k 11x2 l 2y3 d 2(a 1 b)(p 1 q) e 2(4a 1 b)(p 1 q)
2 a 7a 1 12b b 11a 1 5b c 2a 1 6b 3 a (x 1 2y)(z 1 3t2) b (x 2 y)(2a 1 3b) c (m 1 n)(p2 2 2q)
2
d 4x 1 4y e 7x 2 10y f 2xy 2 3z d (x 1 2y)(g 2 2h) e (a2 1 b2)(l 2 m)
g 2ab 1 6pq h 7a2 2 2b2 i 3a3 1 4a
3 a 9a 1 7b b 2p 1 6q c 3z 2 z3 Exercise 2G
d 7a2 2 2b2 e 8pq 2 3p2 7 11 1 25
2 1 a 8 b 12 c 2 d 84
4 a 6a b 20b c 12ab d 14a e 24bc f 30abc
2 2 8a 19a 11a 11a 211a 5a
g 21y h 30p i 12pq j 15y2 k 6a3 l 40x3 2 a 15 b 45 c 3 d 12 e 21 f 7
122 Answers
1 4x 2 y 2 1 9y 1 11x 2 1 5y 1 4x 1 5z 2 9 a y 5 mx 4 c b x 5 cy 4 m
3 a 6 b 33 c 10
1 x 1 2y2 2 1 6x 1 10y2 2 y 2 1 7x2 1 18y 2
10 a i r S square S 3 ph S 4 3 S V
d 4 e 4 f 63 ii r d square root d 4 ph d 3 3 d V
1 15 1 12 1 r 2 7x b 6.74 cm
4 a 2b b 8y c 2pq d 5 A 2 28 A
5p 1 3x 1 2 2 1 5y 2 4 2 11 a A 5 14x 1 28 b x 5 14 or 14 2 2
e 8 f x g y c x 5 2.5 d 9
1 p2 1 6q2 2 1 15 1 4l 2 1 5x 1 12z 2 1 r 1 3pq 2 1p 1 22
5 a 3pq b 3m c 4x d pqr 12 a P 5 4x 2 2 b 4 5x
1 xy2 1 az2 2 1 4z2 b 1 5bc2 2 c x58 d triangle is 5 by 12 by 13
e zy f 20ac
13 a 314.2 cm3 b R S squared S 2 r2 S 3 ph S V
1 48p 1 51q 2
6 1p 1 q2 c R 5 "ph
V
1 r2
1 10y 1 14x 2
7 xy 14 a i xS3pS1qSy
1.45 2.35 1 1.45a 1 2.35b 2 ii xS2lS3kSy
8 a $ b b $ a c $ ab iii xS2sS3rS1tSy
1 9x 1 11 2 1 23x 2 9 2 1 7x 1 11 2
iv xS3nS2lS3mSy
9 a 20 b 35 c 1x 1 12 1x 1 22 a i x 5 (y 2 q) 4 p ii x 5 l 1 y 4 k
y
1 8x 1 4 2 2x 1 2x 2 22 2 iii x 5 s 1 (y 2 t) 4 r iv x 5 1 m 2 l 2 4 n
d 1x 1 32 1x 2 12 e 1 x2 2 1 2 f 1x 1 12 1x 2 32
15 a r 5 A4 h b r 5 A 4 2ph c r 5 "ph
V
s A
f r 5 100 1 P 2 1 2
3 3V
Exercise 2H d r5 ph 2R e r 5 "4p
1 a x2 1 7x 1 12 b x2 1 6x 1 5
2 a x2 1 11x 1 24 b x2 1 8x 1 12 c x2 1 8x 1 15 Exercise 2K
1 T 2 3x 2 4P
d x2 1 9x 1 14 e x2 1 4x 1 3 f x2 1 3x 1 2 1 a y5C2x b y5 2 c y5 3
3
3 a x2 1 5x 2 14 b x2 1 2x 2 15 c x2 2 3x 2 10 d y 5 2S 2 6
d x2 1 x 2 56 e x2 2 4x 2 21 f x2 2 x 2 6 V V
4 a x2 2 7x 1 12 b x2 2 7x 1 10 c x2 2 10x 1 21 2 a R2 5 I 2 R1 b I 5 1 R1 1 R2 2
d x2 2 16x 1 63 e x2 2 4x 1 4 f x2 2 2x 1 1 100I 100I
5 a x2 1 12x 1 27 b x2 2 x 2 20 c x2 1 x 2 42 3 a R5 PT b P1 RT
d x2 2 11x 1 28 e x2 2 15x 1 44 f x2 2 7x 2 30 P 1 P 2 P0 2 1 P 2 P0 2
4 a P0 5 1 1 1 at 2 b a5 P0t c t5 P0a
6 Aisha is correct A C V
7 a x2 1 10x 1 25 b x2 1 8x 1 16 c x2 2 2x 1 1 5 a l5 b b r 5 2p c I 5R
d x2 2 14x 1 49 e p2 1 18p 1 81 f t2 1 8t 1 16 S 1v 2 u2 1y 2 c2
d L5 pr e f5 t f x5 m
1 x2 1 6x 1 8 2
8 a x2 1 3x 2 28 b x2 2 12x 1 32 c 2 PV E Pt
g T5 R h R5 I i m 5 1v 2 u2
11 ac 1 bc 1 ad 1 bd
j r 5 "phV
k u 5 "v 2 2as2
l s 5 a 1 "r2 2 y2
Exercise 2I m
4p2l
g 5 T2
1 a 2130 b 2 c 82 d 24 e 1 f 2
4
V 2A
2 a 21.5 b 22.1 c 0.2 d 0.3 e 22.5 f 0.117 6 a r 5 "4p
S
b r 5 3ph c r5 h 2R
3 a 5.04 b 1 c 18 d 23.2 e 2.5 f 2
26
d r 5 "1R 2 2 V
ph
2
g 170
2s 1v 2 u2 PV
4 6xy and 48x2 2 y2 2 y have the same value 7 a t5 1u 1 v2 b t5 f c t 5 Rm
5 a 85 b 2 1 T 2 kb 2
d t5 ka
6 a 285 b 362.5 1 Pd 2 k 2 1 Pd 2 k 2 k
7 0.1571 8 a k 5 d(P 2 mv) b m5 dv c v5 dm d d5P2 mV
8 cylinder
9 isosceles Consolidation Exercise 2
1 a x5 b y8 c 2x7 d 3x9 e x9 f y11
4
Investigation page 30 (Heron’s formula) 2 a x b 1 c x d y5 e x5
f y2
1
Perpendicular sides are 3 and 4 so 2 bh 5 2 3 3 4 5 6
1 3 a 7x 13y b x 2 8y c 6 2 7x 2 3y
x y3 z2
Using Heron’s formula the perimeter is 3 1 4 1 5 5 12, half of this is d 16x2y6 e 2y2 f x
6 so s 5 6 4 a y10 b a4 c x22 d m8 e p23 f 21x9
A 5 "6 1 6 2 3 2 1 6 2 4 2 1 6 2 5 2 "6 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 5 "36 5 6 g 4m22 h q28 i p2 j R10
5 a x2 1 8x 1 12 b x2 1 8x 1 15 c x2 2 3x 2 28
Exercise 2J d x2 1 6x 2 16 e x2 2 7x 1 12 f x2 2 11x 1 10
1m 2 g2 g x2 1 10x 1 25 h x2 2 18x 1 81
1 a t2u5v b d2h5y c x135f d 2 5c
6 a 3(x 1 3y) b 2(a 2 2b) c 6(x 2 2y)
af q
e b 5 ns f d5 e g f1 5x 3 d 7(2x 2 y) e 3(5x 1 6y) f 6(x 2 4y)
2 a T S 3 RP S 4 100 S I g 6(x 1 12y) h a(x 1 y)
b T d 4 RP d 3 100 d I 7 a a(x 1 3y) b a(n 2 3m) c 2r(3x 1 y)
I 3 100 d 3a(x 2 6y) e 5m(n 2 p) f p(4q 2 3r)
T5 R 3 P g 2r(3 1 2p 2 q) h a(3b 2 3 1 c)
3 a F S 232 S 4 9 S 3 5 S C 8 a i A 5 x2 2 2x 2 15 ii A 5 x2 2 8x 1 12
b i 5° ii 15° iii 30° iv 100° b i P 5 4x 2 4 ii P 5 4x 216
4 a F d 1 32 d 3 9 d 4 5 d C c i A 5 65; P 5 36 ii A 5 32; P 5 24
9
b F 5 5 C 1 32 c i 122° ii 176° 9 a
d d 3d 1 2d 5d 3x x 12x 1 5x 17x
4 1 6 5 12 5 12 b 5 1 4 5 20 5 20
5 a l S 3 bh S V b r S 3 2ph S S 2m m 20m 2 3m 17m
c tS3aS1uSv d r S square S 3 ph S V c 3 2 10 5 30 5 30
e h S 3 2 S 1 r S 3 pr S S d
y 2y y 20y 1 24y 1 15y 59y
3 1 5 1 4 5 60 5 60
f aS3tS42S1uS3tSs 3 1 6 1 1 7 1 x 2 1
6 a l 5 V 4 bh b r 5 S 4 2ph c t 5 (v 2 u)4a e m 1 2m 1 2m 5 2m f 12x5 x
1 s 2 s 3 2 9c 1 8b
d r 5 "phV
e h 5 2 1 pr 2 r 2 f a 5 t 1 t 2 u2 g 4b 1 3c 5 12bc
7 a l S 4 g S square root S 3 p S 3 2 S T 2 1 21x 1 32 1 1x 1 12 2x 1 6 1 x 1 1 3x 1 7
h x 1 1 1 x 1 3 5 1x 1 12 1x 1 32 5 1x 1 12 1x 1 32 5 1x 1 12 1x 1 32
b 0.898
8 a l d 3 g d square d 4 p d 4 2 d T
b 2
1b 2 p2 4
10 a v 5 2 b h5y2T c m 5 3(x 2 y)
y b
d r5 2P 2 e n5 j f s 5 hy 2 d
2 x
11 a h 5 20(F 2 R) b h 5 3(y 2 2) c h 5 A 4 2pr2
xy
d h 5 1x 1 y2
3 3V
12 a r 5 " 4p b 3.63 cm
13 n 5 31
2 2
14 a 0.5 b 20.1 c 4 d 9 e 12 f 12.8
Check out 5
3 3
1 a 9x b 4x c a 2 3b d 4b 2 6b
3a 5a3b2
2 a b8 b 3c2 c 2 d c3
3 a 8x 2 12 b 12x 1 42y c 6x 2 12xy
d 18x2 2 24x3 e 3x 2 2y 1 10xy f 10y 2 7y2
4 a 5(4x 1 3y) b x(3 2 x) c x(4y 2 x) d 6(x 1 12) Front
5 length 9 cm, width 5 cm
1y 2 c2
6 a x5 m b x 5 "y2 2 c2 c x 5 y(p 2 c) 2 c
7 a x2 1 6x 1 5 b x2 1 x 2 12 c x2 2 4x 2 12
d x2 211x 1 24 e x2 1 10x 1 25
11e 5y 11 1 2p 1 d 2
8 a 15 b 12 c 2x d 8p
9 581.25 6 Plan
Chapter 3
Check in
1 a 36° b 215°
2 a 2 b 4 c 5 d 1 Front Side
3
A
7 Plan
Exercise 3A Front Side

1
8 Plan
Front
2
Front Side
9 Plan
Front Side
Front
10 a cube b cylinder c triangular prism
124 Answers
Exercise 3B Exercise 3D
1 1 C
B D
A E
F
2
2 Y
A C B
Exercise 3E
1 15 km
2 a 7.3 cm, 110 km b 2.6 cm, 39 km
3 194 km
4 24 cm
5 a 0.5 km
3 b 2.5 km
c 0.25 km
d 10 cm
e 20 cm
f 2 cm
6 a 200 m
b 20 000 cm
c 1 : 20 000
7 1 : 50 000 and 2 cm : 1 km, 1 : 100 000 and 1 cm : 1 km, 1 : 1 250 000
and 2 cm : 25 km, 1 : 10 000 and 10 cm : 1 km, 1 : 4 000 000 and
1 cm : 40 km, 1 : 400 000 and 1 cm : 4 km
8 a 0.5 km
b 2 km
4 c 50 m
d 12.5 km
e 50 km
9 a 750 m
b 750 000 m2
c 75 ha
10 a 48 cm2
b 120 000 cm2
c 48 : 120 000 5 1 : 2500
d 192 cm3
e 24 000 000 cm3
f 192 : 24 000 000 5 1 : 125 000
g The area ratio is the square of the length ratio; the volume ratio is
the length ratio cubed.
Exercise 3F
1 a N
5 a 4
b 6
c 7 145°
6 Number of planes of symmetry of a prism is always 1 more than the A
number of lines of symmetry in the end face.
7 Infinite number
Exercise 3C
2 c The perpendiculars intersect at a single point
b – j students’ own bearing diagrams in the same style as part a
4 e BC 5 10 cm
2 a 74 km, 67 km b 24 km, 44 km c 5 km, 19 km
5 e a rectangle
3 a 50 km, 87 km b 41.5 km, 28 km c 20 km, 3 km
f RP 5 8.6 cm
4 a 293° b 66° c 270° d 140°
5 a 113° b 246° c 90° d 320°

6 If the bearing of A from B is less than 180° to find the bearing of B b
from A add 180°. If the bearing of A from B is greater than 180° to
find the bearing of B from A subtract 180°.
7 a i 242° ii 165° b i 4.7 km ii 6.2 km
8 a 153° b 22 km
9 a 117° b 214° c 346° d 304° e 117°
10 a 9 km East, 4 km North b 16 km East, 12 km South
c 39 km West, 10 km South d 45 km West, 22 km North
e 16 km West, 19 km North f 7 km West, 15 km North
11 b i 31 km East, 26 km South
ii 35 km West, 20 km South c Both have 1 plane of symmetry
iii 21 km East, 37 km North 3
c 17 km East, 9 km South
Consolidation Exercise 3
1
4 a 063° b 2.2 km c 310°
Chapter 4
2 a Plan Check in
1 a 12 b 20 c 800 d 4
2 a 64 b 11 c 49 d 2
3 a 0.6 b 0.3 c 0.7 d 0.1
Exercise 4A
1 a
Front Side + (−2)
− − − − −
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
b
+ (−2)
b Plan
− − − − − −
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
c
+ (−6)
− − − − −
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Front Side 2 a 1 b 2
7 c 7.4 2
d 1.6
e 24.1 f 2
3.2 g 21.9 h 1.4
2
3 a 1 b 8 c 2.6 d 28.4
e 21.3 f 2
1.2 g 22.2 h 29.9
4 2 2 2 2.9
1 2.6 1.8 0.8
2
2.3 2
4.9 2
4.1 2
3.1 0.6
3 a 430 m b 1.075 km c 21.5 km d 8.6 m
4 a 14 cm b 3.5 cm c 7 mm d 2.8 cm
2
1.4 2
4 2
3.2 2
2.2 1.5
5 114 m 2
0.6 2
3.2 2
2.4 2
1.4 2.3
6 a 296° b 060° 2.3 2 0.5 1.5 5.2
0.3
7 b i 7 km East ii 12 km West iii 20 km West
i 6 km South ii 16 km South iii 35 km North 5 a 2
4 b 8 c 2
6 2
d 12 e 2
2.9
c 12 km North, 24 km West f 2
4.3 g 26.8 h 2
17.4 i 10.55 j 2
5.72
8 a 5 b 2 c 3
Exercise 4B
Check out 1 a 9 b 8 c 2
0.4 d 22.6 e 5.7 f 6.3
1 a Plan 2 a 22.7 b 0 c 2
0.9 d 24 e 27.8 f 2
1.9
2 2
3 a 0 b 8 c 3 d 15 e 8.1 f 4.8
g 20.6 h 21.4 i 2
4.6 j 21
4 2 2 2 1.7 2.4
2 3.4 2.8 1
2
3 0.4 2
0.2 2
2 2
4.7 2
5.4
Front Side 2
2.5 0.9 0.3 2
1.5 2
4.2 2
4.9
2
1 2.4 1.8 0 2
2.7 2
3.4
1.7 5.1 4.5 2.7 0 2
0.7
2 5.4 4.8 3 0.3 2
0.4
126 Answers
5 a
2 4 1 Investigation page 65
8 4 7 b "16 4 "9 5 " 1 16 4 9 2
and
7 3 6
d "16 3 "9 5 " 1 16 3 9 2
b 4 1 Are true and are always true for any pair of numbers.
2
3 2
1 2
Exercise 4E
1 2
3 0 1
− −
10 2 10 3
Exercise 4C
1 a 212 b 2
15 c 277 d 6 e 49.2 f 2
19.2
g 16 h 2
8 i 1.44 j 1.21 1
1000
2 a 26 b 2
3 c 27 d 0.8 e 20.9 f 0.8 103
3 a –3 b –
6 c –3 d –7 e 2.7 f –
7
4 −
1
3 2
1.4 2
2.3 3.5 2
1.79 10 5
102
4.1 2
5.74 2
9.43 14.35 2
7.339
2
1.6 2.24 3.68 2
5.6 2.864 −
10 4 0.00001
2
2.6 3.64 5.98 2
9.1 4.654
2
5.86 8.204 13.478 2
20.51 10.4894
5 103 0.0001
Second number
4 2
5 2 2
0.5 2 a 7000 b 28 000 c 43 000 d 7100
First number
2
2.5 0.5 2
1.25 5 3 a 8.03 b 0.42 c 5.1 d 958
4 a 1000; 1000; 0.8 b 2; 100; 100; 35
3.5 2
0.7 1.75 2
7 c 105; 100 000; 72 d 101; 10; 0.2
2
10 2 2
5 20 5
1
a 100 ; 100; 7.4
6 a b 5; 100 000; 100 000; 800
3 2 2
5 c 3; 1000; 1000; 2145
3 6 2
15 d 1; 10, 10, 3
4 8 2
20 6 a 100 b 1000
c dividing;10 000 d multiplying; 100 000
b 2 2 7 a 0.9 b 0.287 c 8.63 d 0.046
3 5 4
2 10 8 8 a 48 b 210 c 60 d 14.3
2
9 a 3400 b 7.13 c 8.1 d 70
6 2
30 2
24 10 One possible solution is
7 a 7 3 102 5 7 4 0.01
4 2
2 3 2
1
18 2
9 6 2
1 5.2 4 1000 5 5.2 3 1023
11 a 7.1 3 105 5 710 000
12 2
6 4 2
18 b 249 000 4 103 5 249
2
12 6 2
4 12 c 60 000 3 1024 5 6
d 0.02 4 1022 5 2
b e.g. 1 2
4 e 2.84 3 103 5 2840
14 14 7 f 44 000 4 104 5 4.4
2 2 2 g 230 3 1022 5 2.3
6 6 3
h 0.007 4 1026 5 7000
12 a 706 000 b 78 460
Exercise 4D c 109 000 d 47
1 Obviously wrong:
a "20 < 5.1: should be less than 5 as 20 is less than 25 Consolidation Exercise 4
c "95 < 9.1: should be bigger than 9.1 as 95 is a lot closer to 100 1 a 21 b 26 c –
2 d 2
6 e 2
5
than it is to 81 f 27 g 216 h 2
22 i 3 j 2
6
d "50 < 6.9: should be bigger than 7 as 50 is bigger than 49 2 a 22.6 b 22.1 c 2
7.6 d 0.6 e 2
1.8
f 23.13 g 6 h 2
12.2
2 a 7 b 8 c 7.7
3 a 263 b 215 c 42 d 45 e 2
10
3 a 4 b 5 c 24.6
f 8 g 22 h 5
4 a 12 b 13 c 12.2
4 a 211.5 b 210.5 c 16.8 d 57.6 e 2
14
5 a 6 5.7 b 6 8.7 c 6 2.4 d 6 9.5 f 23 g 21.28 h 7.68
e 6 10.5 f 6 11.6 5 a 230 b 20.4 c 2
30 d 0.5 e 2
0.1
6 a 2 b 3 c 2.2 f 20.5 g 250 h 0.7
7 a 3.3 b 1.6 c 4.3 d 5.3 e 22.5 f 27.4 6 a 6.8 b 6 3.3 c 9.2 d 5.4 e 6 12.5 f 2
4.2
8 a 0.1 b 0.2 c 0.17 7 a 3.7 b 2.2 c 4.1 d 5.2 e 21.9 f 2
4.7
9 a 0.5 b 0.6 c 20.55 8 5.5 cm
10 a 41 mm b 53 mm 9 3.6 cm
11 a 37 mm b 41 mm 10 all false
12 a 6 0.67 b 6 0.96 c 6 0.84 d 6 0.45 11 a 42 000 b 30 c 5.3 d 49 e 610 f 2.1
13 a x 5 8.4 b x 5 4.6 g 1 h 70
14 Farhad’s method gives a rough idea and is correct to 1 d.p. but it is not 12 a 2 b 6.03 c 21 d 4.35 e 0.05 f 200
2 g 360 h 560
exactly 11 more.

Check out 8 a 32 b 172 c 32 d 400
e 70 000 f 320
1 a 210.5 b 23 c 2
0.6 d 0.2
9 Rabbit food box
2 a 23.4 b 215.3 c 4.3 d 10.8
10 84 litres
3 a 4.5 b 2.5 c 6 8.9 d 3.6
11 4500 ml
4 a 2300 b 21 c 47 d 19.2
e 34 f 36 g 290 h 4.1
Exercise 5E
Chapter 5 1 a Watch d b Any of them c Watch c or d
d Watch c or d e Watch c or d
Check in 2 a, c
1 a 560 b 3.28 c 0.714 d 3450 3 a 3 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm
2 a area m2; volume m3; length km; mass t; capacity ℓ b 33 mm, 32 mm, 60 mm, 48 mm, 20 mm
b area mm2; volume mm3; length mm; mass g; capacity ml 4 a No b All 3 cm
c Yes; the measurements include error
Exercise 5A 5 a 5.55 cm b 4.05 km c 0.95 m
1 a g b m c km d mm
e ml f m g t h ℓ Consolidation Exercise 5
4 a 3 cm b 14 cm c 200 cm d 1700 cm 1 a 200 b 280 c 3.1 d 2400 e 3.2 f 300
e 270 cm f 435 cm g 810 h 50
5 a 430 ml b 2200 ml c 5400 ml d 3 ml 2 0.84 m
6 a 0.4 kg b 400 kg c 0.05 kg d 3410 kg 3 a 87 b 6700 c 0.95 d 6000
7 a 4m b 18.9 m c 3000 m d 29 000 m e 6200 f 1 800 000 g 23 h 39
e 6400 m f 9213 m i 4900
8 a 30 b 52 100 c 0.53 d 420
e 2140 f 310 Check out
9 a 1.5 m b 3.25 m c 6.09 m d 4.02 m 1 a 28 b 40.1 c 32 d 300 e 51 f 4000
10 a 3250 ml b 2140 ml c 17 080 ml d 20043 g 970 h 1320 i 72.3
11 a 3 825 000 g b 250 000 g c 4007 g d 820 035 g 2 a 7000 b 3000 c 4.5 d 41 e 85 000 f 960 000
12 a 0.215 km b 5.02 km c 5167 mm d 0.65125 km g 3.2 h 689 i 13 000
13 0.28 m
14 5.36 km Chapter 6
15 5.4 ℓ
16 4.68 ℓ Check in
17 8.77 kg 1 a continuous b discrete c discrete
d continuous e continuous f continuous
Exercise 5B
1 a cm2 b mm2 c m2 d km2 Exercise 6A
e mm2 f m2 Questions 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6: student’s own answers, discussion or teacher
4 a 200 mm2 b 4100 mm2 c 360 mm 2
d 1792 mm 2 marked suggested
5 a 3 cm2 b 0.3 cm2 c 1.93 cm2 d 48.24 cm2 4 a primary b secondary c secondary d primary
6 a 50 000 cm2 b 0.000 06 m2 c 8 200 000 mm2
7 a 4000 m2 b 52 km2 c 21 000m2 d 0.37 km2 Exercise 6B

8 75 m2 1 a didn’t want to give their age
b didn’t understand the question c and d student’s own answers,
Exercise 5C discussion or teacher marked suggested
1 a 2 ha b 31 ha c 0.06 ha d 500 ha 2 a First question is leading/biased and who is Dr Raphael?, second
2 a 30 000 m2 b 47 100 m2 c 720 m2 d 5000 m2 question too subjective and not specified when it is compared to,
2 third question too subjective and no comparison to times gone by.
3 a 1 000 000 m b 100 ha
It might be worth making it clearer what 4, 3 and 2 mean as only 5
4 a 300 ha b 10 ha c 240 ha d 3200 ha and 1 are defined
5 a 4 km2 b 0.23 km2 c 50 km2 d 541 km2 b students’ own answers taking on board most answers from part a,
6 1457 ha discussion or teacher marked suggested
7 Wadi Shih Reservoir, United Arab Emirates 5 km2 3 student’s own answers, discussion or teacher marked suggested
Lake Taupo, New Zealand 613 km2 4 He could include yes/no answer boxes to tick to avoid open answers
Danau Toba, Indonesia 1130 km2 which are difficult to analyse. Asking “what do you think?” in the
Kainji Lake, Nigeria 1243 km2 third question is too open and allows for too many possible answers he
Lake Nasser, Egypt 5250 km2 should give response boxes again.
8 3.1 ha
Exercise 6C
Investigation page 75
1 Score 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 ha
Frequency 3 5 4 3 3 2
Exercise 5D
2 Colour red blue green yellow
2 a 3000 mm3 b 42 000 mm3 c 600 mm3 d 17 mm3
3 a 2 cm3 b 1.7 cm3 c 0.42 cm3 d 0.038 cm3 Frequency 6 5 3 2
4 i a 8 cm3 b 6 cm3 c 4 cm3 d 16 cm3
ii a 8000 mm3 b 6000 mm3 c 4000 mm3 d 16 000 mm3 3 Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 a 300 ml b 450 ml c 175 ml Frequency 7 5 6 4 5 3
6 a 71 m3 b 0.5 m3 c 1.4 m3 d 0.072 m3
7 a 6 000 000 cm3 b 2870 cm3
c 32 400 000 cm3 d 190 cm3
128 Answers
Exercise 6D 3 a 164.8 cm
b Median
1 Frequencies: 4, 4, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1
c 176 cm
2 Rainfall (mm) Frequency 4 a i mode
0–4 16 b i mean and median may not work out to be whole numbers, the
mode tells you the clothes mostly sold
5–9 5
a ii mean and range
10–14 4 b ii mean uses all players statistics in the calculation, range also
15–19 3 useful as it tells you how consistent a player is
a iii median
20–24 2
b iii won’t be distorted by the high value
3 Time (minutes) Frequency a iv mean
b iv all values are taken into account so very accurate
0–9 11
a v mean
10–19 6 b v all values are taken into account so very accurate
20–29 2
30–39 2
1 No unique answer
40–49 2 2 a 23 kg
50–59 1 b Mass (kg) Frequency
60–69 1
40–44 3
45–49 4
Exercise 6E
50–54 10
1 7.25
2 30 cm 55–59 4
3 a fx 5 2, 12, 28, 40, 72, 105, 128, 144, 120, 77, 24 60–64 2
b 7.52 65–69 1
4 83.02 hours
5 1 3 a 9.0 2 11.9 cm
b 7.9 cm
6 a 198.3 mm
4 and 5 students’ own answers, discussion or teacher marked suggested
b 197.8 mm
7 a 20 6 63.4 m
b 3, the mean 7 a i secondary ii primary iii secondary
8 21 children b i Final question likely to match first question
9 1 ii gender possibly not relevant
10 5 8 a median: 15.5 cm
11 156.2 cm mode: 14 cm
mean: 14.8 cm
Exercise 6F So median best to tell supermarket, although mean will give more
1 a 24.5 years accurate picture.
b 30.9 years b median: 1.92 m
2 a 2.5 km no mode
b 1.6 km mean: 1.90 m
Median makes him look better, mean is probably more accurate as
Exercise 6G there are no extreme measures, there is no mode
1 2 books c median: 55 kg
2 0–9 years, 1–2 km, 10–19 years, 130–139 cm no mode
3 20–30 years mean: 46.2 kg
No mode, mean affected by the extreme value (the mass of the
Exercise 6H baby) so the median gives a fairer picture here.
1 a i 5 ii 6 d mean: 12.725
b i 4 ii 8 median: 13
c i 4 ii 5 mode: 14
2 a i 9 ii 11 Only the mode is an actual clothes size so this is the size they
b i 4 ii 7 should stock more of.
c i 7 ii 14
d i 12 ii 12 Check out
e i 9 ii 9 1 The frequencies are: 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2
3 a 70 kg 2
b 22 kg Length (cm) f
10–14 2
Exercise 6I 15–19 3
1 a $230 20–24 4
b $32
c The mean is not a good indicator, it is too high. The high value of 25–29 7
$1602 distorts the mean. 30–34 3
2 a $5.50
35–39 1
b $9
c $6
d The mode is not a good indicator, it is too high.

3 47, 52, 57, 62 10 a 700
4 a 6 cm b 1400
b 4 cm and 9 cm c 61.2
c 5.5 cm d 4.1
5 a 48.7 11 1.45 m
b 40 2 59 12 Time (minutes) Frequency
6 students’ own answers, discussion or teacher marked suggested
7 a advantage – more confident of reliability, disadvantage – can be 0–9 8
costly and time consuming to collect 10–19 10
b advantage – can be quicker and cheaper to collect, disadvantage – 20–29 5
less confident of reliability
8 students’ own answers, discussion or teacher marked suggested 30–39 3
9 40–49 3
Calculation Best to use Worst to use
50–59 1
i Mean • When you want accurate • When there are extreme
results using all data values. TOTAL 30
values in the calculation. • When it gives a decimal 13
answer when the data 13 20 m
should be a whole 14 a i A 5 4(3x 1 1) ii A 5 7(x 2 3)
number. b i P 5 2(3x 1 5) ii P 5 2(x 1 4)
15 a 32
ii Median • When you want an quick • When it gives a decimal
b 2
and easy average to find, answer when the data
c 3
that is not affected by should be a whole
d 5
extreme values. number.
16 C
iii Mode • When you want a quick • When data has no mode
and easy average to find, or several modes.
that is not affected by • For small sets of data with
extreme values. an unusual pattern of
• Useful for manufacturers distribution it may not be
(e.g. makers of shoes, representative of the
clothes etc.) group. A B
Review A
5 4 2 8
1 a 12 b 25 c 7 d 17
2 a 4m 2 7n
b 11xy 2 5ab 17 a 532 b 14 000 c 622 d 8.8 e 70
c 211p 2 3q f 3.8 g 4100 h 14 000 i 9700 j 26
3 18 Mode $800 too low
Mean $1465.71 too high (affected by large value of $4000)
Median $1200 best to use
3 6 3 5
19 a 4 b 35 c 124 d 24 e 57 f 6
20 a m6 b p3 c 20t5 d y22
21 a 058° b 1 cm 5 2 km c 4 km d 310°
15 1 3
22 a 49 b 2 c 32 d 4 e 22 f 10
23 5.69 ℓ
24 a 310 b 210 c 49 d 78
25 a The question “How much pocket money do you get?” doesn’t state
a time period. It isn’t really relevant what class they are in. “Do
you earn any money?” is a closed question with a yes no answer
that may require a follow up question “how much?” this may or
4 a 27 may not be relevant to the amount of pocket money someone gets.
b 1.5 26 a 40x9 b 3x4 c 4t4y
c 22.7 27 Plan
d 1.8
e 211.1
f 213.3
g 19.2
h 1.2
5 a 33.3 Front Side
b 80
c 3.1
d 800
e 4.5
f 400
g 370
h 17
i 8400
2
j 0.7 28 a 4 b 5 c 2
6 primary; secondary 3
29 4 kg
1 11 13 3 5
7 a 8 b 15 c 620 d 140 e 26 30 Regular octagonal prism
8 a 5(x 1 3) 31 a 213 b 234
b py 1 10
9 a 7
b 2
130 Answers
32 55 2 2 4.2
3 1.6 1.8
3.4 2
5.44 2
6.12 14.28
2
1.2 1.92 2.16 2
5.04
2
2.3 3.68 4.14 2
9.66
56 8.5 ha
57 a 0.6 b 0.7 c 0.63
58
1
33 a 14 b 22
34 a 221 b 12 c 2
18 d 2
7.2 e 2
3 f 3
g 240 h 2
35 164 kg
36 a x2 1 7x 1 12 b x2 1 5x 2 6
c x2 2 6x 1 5 d x2 1 14x 1 49 3k 1 dgh 4a2b 1 15c2
37 a 6 5.5 b 6.7 c 6 2.2 d 10.7 e 27.9 f 13.2 59 a ghk b 12a
38 a x2 1 2x 2 15 b p2 2 12p 1 35 c m2 2 8m 1 16
39 a 2 b 7 c 2 d 6 Chapter 7
40
Check in
1 a 2400 b 460 c 17 000 d 700
Exercise 7A
C 1 a6.1 b 6.3 c 6.7 d 6.4 e 6.9
A B f7.0 g 6.4 h 6.8 i 6.1
2 a3.2 b 4.4 c 0.8 d 0.8 e 0.7
f5.0 g 6.0 h 7.0 i 1.2
3 a6.23 b 0.78 c 0.97 d 4.03 e 4.20
f6.11 g 4.00 h 0.03 i 0.21
4 ai 6.418 ii 6.42 iii 6.4
41 a
7w
b
29e
c
2
d
7
e
7x
f
5h 1 4 bi 0.706 ii 0.71 iii 0.7
12 35 3c 4d 4 h
ci 0.022 ii 0.02 iii 0.0
42 Second number di 9.601 ii 9.60 iii 9.6
ei 7.181 ii 7.18 iii 7.2
4 2
5 2 2
0.5 fi 0.314 ii 0.31 iii 0.3
First number
2
20 4 2
10 40 gi 6.300 ii 6.30 iii 6.3
hi 4.082 ii 4.08 iii 4.1
2
4.5 0.9 2
2.25 9 5 a$26.14
7.5 2
1.5 3.75 2
15 b$26.14 3 7 5 $182.98, they need to round up what they pay to
at least $26.15
43 a 5(g 1 2) b 3(c 1 3v 2 6) c 4(5t 1 4) 6 a 0.7459 b 0.74594
d x(y 1 h) e r(4f 1 3 1 k)
7 a i 21.78 cm ii 21.8 cm
44 1 : 500 1 cm : 5 m b i 29.19 cm2 ii 29.2 cm2
1 : 200 5 cm : 10 m
8 a There will be 4 people without seats who have tickets.
1 : 12 500 8 cm : 1 km
1 : 250 000 4cm : 1 km b Anything between 15.75 tonnes and 16 tonnes will think it is safe
to cross the bridge when it isn’t.
45 a 4.1 b 1.7 c 3.1 d 5.4 e 22.3 f 2
7.9
9 a 7.4 b 0.40 c 0.00
46 a 1 b 25 c 72 or 49
1 10 a 85.0 b 61.000 c 7.90 d 7.99 e 0.0
d 23 e 1000 or 0.001 f 21
1 P 1 12 2
11 3.4499 cm, 33.81 mm, 3.35 cm
47 a P 5 12x 2 12 b 12 5x c x56
d 10, 24 and 26 Exercise 7B
14
48 a 3 b 225 1 a 400 b 8000 c 400 d 50 e 5
49 a 3 b 8.04 c 2.7 d 79 f 90 000 g 10 000 h 0.003 i 7
50 Students’ own answers 2 a 960 b 490 c 6200 d 18 000 e 17
51 f 27 g 0.0039 h 130 i 8.0
3
Number 613 752 1.6831 0.004 753
3 s.f. 614 000 1.68 0.004 75
A 132°
2 s.f. 610 000 1.7 0.0048
200° 1 s.f. 600 000 2 0.005
4 a 0.00466 b 0.02 c 0.00022 d 0.40

5 a i, ii, v
B b iii 800 000 iv 0.04 vi 900
C 6 a 80 000 b 83 000 c 82 700 d 82 740
BC 5 6 km 7 a 0.004 b 0.0036 c 0.00357 d 0.003565
1F 1 32 m Vm 5 8, 9 students’ own answers
52 a y 5x b 4 2b5x c 1d 2 p2 5x d x5 1R 2 d2 10 a 8 135 000 b 8 130 000 c 8 100 000 d 8 000 000
2 2
53 a 4 b 3180 c 4 d 4 e 4.4 f 3 11 a 5499 b 4500
g 18 000 h 0.009 12 a 0.0742 b 0.07 c 0.07
3
54 134 cm3 13 a 0.04 b 0.0362

Exercise 7C Exercise 7J
1 a 2 3 103 b 4 3 102 c 8 3 101 1 a 40 b 20 c 2.1 d 3.48
d 9 3 104 e 4 3 103 f 7 3 105 e 30 f 300 g 30 h 200
g 3 3 106 h 4 3 107 i 1 3 105 2 a 17 b 16 c 160 d 1.6
2 a 300 b 5000 c 600 000 e 26.8 f 59.2 g 4.56 h 56
d 20 000 000 e 3 000 000 f 4 000 000 000 3 135
3 a 4.2 3 102 b 6.3 3 103 c 1.7 3 105 4 153
d 2.3 3 104 e 6.13 3 104 f 9.23 3 103 5 a 7m b 9m c 16 m d 288 m
g 4.16 3 102 h 9.81 3 104 i 6.31 3 106
6 $5.50
4 a 1600 b 280 c 381
7 a 40 b 17 c 5 d 30
d 475 000 e 301 000 000 f 1 600 000 000
e 0.4 f 0.48 g 190 h 60
5 a 54.3 is not between 1 and 10
b 0.03 is not between 1 and 10 Puzzle page 106
c Need a single power of 10
A B C
6 1.404 3 1010 3 2 4 7
7 9.46 3 1017 D E
8 a 5.43 3 108 b 3 3 106 c 7.1 3 105 3 9 3 6
F G
Exercise 7D 1 1 1 3
H
1 a 0.06 b 0.4 c 0.008 7 1 9 2
d 0.0005 e 0.000 002 f 0.000 07 I
2 a 6.3 3 1021 b 7.4 3 1023 c 2.8 3 1022 6 5 3 2
d 1.3 3 1024 e 2.356 3 1022 f 8.2 3 1024
g 3.91 3 1026 h 1.6 3 1023 i 3.83 3 1023
3 a 3.06 3 1025 b 4.925 3 1027 c 4.2831 3 1023
d 9.01 3 1024 e 2.5 3 10210 f 8.46 3 1028 1 a i 0.4 ii 0.44
g 8.6 3 1028 h 3.675 3 10212 b i 17.5 ii 17.45
c i 3.9 ii 3.90 iii 3.899
4 9 3 10211 g
d i 78.0 ii 78.0008
2 a 900 b 9000 c 40 000
Exercise 7E d 40 000 e 0.8 f 0.07
1 a 6 b 50 c 20 d 50 e 42 f 16 g 0.007 h 9 i 0.0004
2 a 64 b 54 c 80 d 21 e 0.01 f 0.009 3 15 4 12 15 3 0.32 15 3 7
1
g 0.003 h 0.0056 1
15 4 19 15 3 30
3 a 51 b 4.8 c 10 d 23
4 a 128.8 b 128.8 c 12.88
d 1.288 e 12.88 f 0.01288
Exercise 7F g 0.01288 h 0.001288
For Questions 1 and 2, other answers are possible.
5 a 540 000 b 42 000 c 0.037
1 a 4 b 2 c 4 d 3 e 8 f 8 d 0.000 22 e 12 f 1.1
2 1 g 0.0048 h 1400 i 0.31
2 a 1.8 b 3 c 2 d 1 e 62 f 0.02
4 a 51.28 b 0.86 c 0.08 d 1316.54 6 a 2.1 b 4.8 c 50.4
5 a 20 4 20 5 1, so incorrect b 0.5 3 18 5 9, could be correct d 0.63 e 22.08 f 155.34
b
5 1 4 9
5 2 5 4.5, so incorrect 7 a 18.4 b 158 000 c 10 500
2
d 0.0301 e 15.1 f 113
g 21 500 h 13.4 i 21.0
Exercise 7G
# # # # 8 a 0.2 b 0.8 c 0.4
1 a 0.15 b 0.36 c 0.428571 d 0.1875 d 0.16 e 0.02 f 0.312
2 a 6.421 b 5.69848 c 4.35 or 4.4 g 70 h 800 i 23 000
3 137.6° j 40 k 200 l 600
7
4 a 12.77 cm2 b 1.84 cm 9 34 4 0.5 34 3 2.7 34 4 8
3
5 a $92.19 b $30.29 c $5.40 34 4 0.2 34 3 14
6 a 0.576 m2 b $8.75 10 b 0.005 71
d 509 000
Exercise 7H f 0.0101
1 30 4 20 30 3 0.04 30 4 25
2
30 3 0.5 11 a 0.12 b 0.72 c 0.31
1 5 d 3.751 e 17.225 f 13.44
30 4 30 30 3 3 30 4 2.7 30 4 2 g 0.3216 h 0.438 i 3.8734
1
2 50 4 0.5 50 3 1.7 50 4 8 50 4 0.29 12 a 28 b 3 c 6 d 25
3 5
50 3 48 50 3 3 50 4 0.23 50 4 0.8 13 a 4 b 8 c 12 d 40 e 80
3 c the answer should be bigger than 3.8 f 270 g 4 h 9 i 0.4 j 1.52
d the answer should be bigger than 17 k 0.8 l 32.5
14 a 6 b 10 c 400
Exercise 7I 15 a 4 3 103 b 2 3 104 c 7 3 107
1 a 12.88 b 128.8 c 1.288 d 12.88 16 a 30 000 000
e 0.012 88 f 1.288 g 0.01288 h 1.288 b 4 000 000
2 a 1.8 b 0.78 c 7.05 d 2.66 c 7 000 000 000
e 55.62 f 87.6 g 1.69 h 23.606 17 a 4 3 104
3 a 15.64 m2 b 160.19 cm2 c 87.9248 m2 b 2.17 3 103
4 a $517.80 b $263.22 c $19.42 c 3.401 3 103
d 9.08 3 104
5 a 21 km b 5.46 km c 2.52 km e 1.12 3 104
6 a 0.75 b 4.96 c 0.24 d 0.504 f 2.5 3 104
e 3.12 f 2.914 g 13.803 h 11.696 18 a 1500 b 632 c 16 280 d 3 940 000
132 Answers
19 a 0.7 b 0.03 c 0.004 d 0.0009 Exercise 8E
e 0.000 06 f 0.000 005
1 For Question 1 of Exercise 8D:
20 a 1.6 3 1021 b 3.7 3 1021 c 2.2 3 1022 a b
d 9.4 3 1022 e 6.4 3 1023 f 3.7 3 1023
3 5
Check out c d
1 a i 0.87 ii 0.95
b i 8710 ii 0.00486 3 3
c i 48000 ii 0.020 e f
d i 60 ii 0.0008
2 a 48 b 5 c 5 d 0 2 1.5
3 b, c, d g h
4 a 0.888 b 24.514 c 48 d 5.8
5 a 8 3 103 b 7.236 3 103 c 3.8 3 1022 1.5 3
d 1.83 3 105 e 6.2 3 1025 f 3 3 1022 For Question 2 of Exercise 8D:
a b
Chapter 8
5 9
Check in c d
1 a < b . c , d > e , then <
3 7
Exercise 8A e f
1 a x58 b m52 c x57
d x 5 31 e x 5 21 f y 5 14 5 2
2 a x53 b t53 c x53 g
d x56 e x53 f y53
3 a x56 b p 5 20 c x 5 24 8
d x 5 227 e r 5 16 f x 5 222 2 a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 b 1, 2 c 6, 7, 8, 9
4 a x51 b x51 c p55 d 1, 2, 3 e 7, 8, 9 f 1, 2, 3, 4
d x55 e x59 f n57 3 a 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 b 18, 19, 20 c 1, 2, 3
5 a d52 b x53 c x58 d 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 1, 2, 3 f 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
d x 5 21 e n 5 20 f x 5 72
4 a x,2 b x > 22 c 2
1,x,2
2
d 5 < x , 10 e 0 < x < 30
Exercise 8B 2
5 a 2,x,6 b 9 , x < 16 c 1<x<7
1 a x54 b y52 c x54 d 4 < x , 10 e 1,x<4
d p 5 22 e x59 f x54 6 a i b i
2 a x53 b x52 c x 5 0.5
d t59 e x52 f n 5 12 −2 6 9 16
3 a x55 b x 5 22 c p51 ii 2
1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ii 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
d x 5 21 e x57 f y52 c i d i
4 a x 5 210 b y51 c x51
1 7 4 10
2
1
d x51 e n5 2 f x53
5 a 4(x 1 3) 5 32 b x55 ii 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ii 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
6 a x 1 x 1 2 1 x 1 4 5 6x b 2 5 x, sides are 2, 4 and 6 cm. e i
7 a 4x 1 4x 1 x 1 6 1 x 1 6 5 48
b length 5 14.4 cm, width 5 9.6 cm
1 4
8 112 and 114 ii 2, 3, 4
7 a 24, 25 b 21, 22, 23 c 22, 23, 24, 25
Exercise 8C 8 a 5, 6, 7 b 6, 7
1 a x 1 140 5 180, x 5 40 b y 1 70 1 60 5 180, y 5 50 9 a 10, 11, 12 b 4, 5, 6
2 a 8w 5 48 b 6 cm 10 length must be greater than 8 cm
3 a x 1 14 b 6 11 width must be greater than 15 cm
4 a 2y 1 8 5 32 b 12 cm 12 Amy is younger than 9
5 a x 1 20 b 2x 1 20 c 55 13 students’ own answers
6 a 2x 1 19 cm b 5.5 14 a 2<x,6 b 21 # x , 3 c 23 , x < 9
7 a 4w 1 10 cm b 15 cm by 10 cm
8 5 cm and 9 cm
Exercise 8F
9 9 years old and 12 years old 1 a x 5 1, y 5 1 b x 5 2, y 5 1 c c 5 1, d 5 1
d x 5 3, y 5 1 e x 5 3, y 5 5 f a 5 8, b 5 2
10 15 and 16
2 a x 5 1, y 5 1 b x 5 1, y 5 1 c x 5 1, y 5 3
11 23, 24 and 25
d a 5 1, b 5 1 e x 5 4, y 5 1 f m 5 5, g 5 22
12 21, 23 and 25
3 a x 5 4, y 5 1 b x 5 1, y 5 1
13 a 9c 5 315 b 35 cents and 70 cents c x 5 3.8, y 5 1.6 d x 5 2, y 5 2
14 2000 2 5t 5 75, t 5 385 4 a x 5 1, y 5 1 b x 5 1, y 5 1 c x 5 5, y 5 2
15 2(3n 1 7) 5 80, n 5 11 d x 5 1, y 5 2 e x 5 1, y 5 21 f x 5 2, y 5 2
16 x 5 36 5, 6 students’ own answers
7 12 children and 4 sheep
Exercise 8D 8 15 bottles of still and 8 bottles of sparkling
1 a x.3 b x.5 c x<3 d x,3
e x.2 f x > 1.5 g x . 1.5 h x,3 Investigation page 119
2 a x,5 b x>9 c x.3 d x.7 Æ55 s53 r57
e x>5 f x<2 g x.8 So the second row totals 20
3 a x , 22 b x>5 c x < 24 d x . 26 e x < 23
4 a x<3 b x.5 c x>2 d x < 6.5 e x , 10

Challenge page 120 3 w 5 80°, x 5 35°, y 5 65°, z 5 94°
1 a x 5 4, y 5 1 b x 5 1, y 5 1 4 g 5 100°
c x 5 1, y 5 21 d x 5 1, y 5 3 5 a a 5 113°, b 5 67°, c 5 126°
2 a x52,y51 b x 5 3, y 5 3 b d 5 66°, e 5 48°, f 5 73°
6 a 60°, 80°, 60° and 160°
Exercise 8G b 72°, 108°, 72°, 108°
c 30°, 90°, 60°
1 x 5 4.2
2 m 5 3.66 Investigation page 131
3 x 5 21.8 90° at 10:05 am and 10:38 am
4 x 5 4.7 or 22.7 180° at 10:22 am
5 x 5 2.12 or 24.52
6 x2 1 2x 5 13.7; x 5 2.83 cm Exercise 9D
7 x 5 4.7 or 22.6 or 0.4 2 a 1080° b 900° c 1440° d 1260°
8 a x 5 61.4 b x 5 7.5 or 23.5 2
c 1.7 or 9.7
3 a
9 11.7 Number of Sum of (n 2 2) 3
Shape n22
sides, n interior angles 180°
Consolidation Exercise 8 Triangle 3 180° 1 180°
1 a 2 b 4 c 1 d 15 Quadrilateral 4 360° 2 360°
e 12 f 1 g 21 h 13
2 a x,2 b x.4 c x , 12 d x,7 Pentagon 5 540° 3 540°
e x>3 f x,3 g x . 0.5 h x<6 Hexagon 6 720° 4 720°
i x,2
Heptagon 7 900° 5 900°
3 a x57 b x 5 10 c x 5 13 d x58 e x51
f x54 g x56 h x56 Octagon 8 1080° 6 1080°
4 a x58,y53 b x 5 1 , y 5 0.5 Nonagon 9 1260° 7 1260°
c x 5 1 , y 5 21 d x51,y51
Decagon 10 1440° 8 1440°
5 a x > 11 b x , 12 c x,4 d x.4
e f , 2.5 f y<2 g t.4 b they are the same
6 a 80w 1 230 < 500 b 3 c $30 c i 1620° ii 3240° d 17
7 a 20x 1 x 5 945 b 45 twenty dollar bills and 9 five dollar bills 4 a 120° b 126° c 107° d 90°
8 a $30 b $20 5 180(n – 2)°
9 a x 5 4.3 b t 5 3.3 c x 5 21.8 d x 5 5.8
10 5 Exercise 9E
1 interior 5 108°, exterior 5 72°
Check out 2 a i 60° ii 45° iii 40° iv 51.4°
1 a 49 cm2 b 3 m, 5 m b i 120° ii 135° iii 140° iv 128.6°
2 a 3 b 8 c 2 3 Equilateral triangle 3, 120°, 60°; Square: 4, 90°, 90°;
3 a x,3 b x.4 c x < 0.5 d x>3 Hendecagon: 11, 32.7°, 147.3°; Dodecagon: 12, 30°, 150°
4 a x 5 2, y 5 1 b x 5 3, y 5 1 4 exterior 5 10°, interior 5 170°
c x 5 21, y 5 2 d x 5 218, y 5 215 5 a a 5 72°, b 5 108° b x 5 56° c m 5 95°
5 a x 5 2.7 b y 5 4.3 c x 5 21.6 d x 5 2.2 d d 5 115° e e 5 120°
6 a 20° b 18
Chapter 9 7 No (see Teacher Book for explanation)
Check in Investigation page 134

2 2 2
1 a 64 cm b x cm Number of sides Number of diagonals
2 a 30° b 70° c 120° d 150° 5 5
3 a 4 b 7 c 4 d 5
e 6 (or 26) f 9 (or 29) 6 9
7 14
Exercise 9A 1
n 7 n(n 2 3)
1 a 115° b 45° c 47° d 50°
2 a 33° b 97° c 52° d 40° 23-sided polygon has 230 diagonals
3 r 40-sided polygon has 740 diagonals
4 a 80° b 143° c 131° d 72°
Exercise 9F
Exercise 9B 1 a 50° b All 40°
c 60° d x 5 75°, y 5 105°, z 5 105°
1 a 77° b 103° c 48° d 92°, 92°
2 a 59° b 166°
2 a x 5 120°, y 5 60°, z 5 80°
3 a A semicircle
b p 5 103°, q 5 77°, r 5 103°, s 5 77°
b 180°
c l 5 m 5 n 5 78°
c Both 90°
d r 5 123°, u 5 135°, v 5 57°, w 5 135°
4 a 42° b 248° c 47.5° d 70°
3 a 72° b 108°
4 a 5 123°, b 5 83°, c 5 140°, d 5 97°
5 a M
5 a 5 36° b 5 72°
32°
6 x 5 30° y 5 120° z 5 60°
56° N
92°
Exercise 9C
88° 88°
1 a 24° b 40°
c 68° d d 5 81°, e 5 34°, f 5 65° 92°
2 a 60° b 50° 32° 56°
c n 5 60°, o 578° d 7°
P O
134 Answers
b
P Investigation page 142
Q
There are 16 basic Pythagorean triples with the hypotenuse less than 100:
( 3, 4, 5) ( 5, 12, 13) ( 7, 24, 25) ( 8, 15, 17)
38° 38° ( 9, 40, 41) (11, 60, 61) (12, 35, 37) (13, 84, 85)
(16, 63, 65) (20, 21, 29) (28, 45, 53) (33, 56, 65)
(36, 77, 85) (39, 80, 89) (48, 55, 73) (65, 72, 97)
It is also possible to have multiples of these, for example:
S R (6, 8, 10) (9, 12, 15) are both multiples of ( 3, 4, 5)
(10, 24, 26) (14, 48, 50) are multiples of (5, 12, 13) and ( 7, 24, 25)
6 a 63° b 62° c 55° d 100° respectively
7 a 63° b 89°
Exercise 9J
Exercise 9G 4 There are gaps between the circles.
1 a 90° b 50° 5 b i, ii and iv tessellate
2 a c 5 132°, d 5 120° 7 a a 5 e 5 60°, b 5 90°, c 5 d 530°
b x 5 40°, e 5 90°, f 5 60°, y 5120° b a 5 d 5 e 5 70°, b 5 c 5 110°
c a 5 c 5 d 5 e 5 70°, b 5 40°
4 AX 5 BX in each diagram
8 rotation and translation
5 b they are equal
c AXO and BXO are congruent triangles 9 a yes b 360° c 60°
6 a i y 1 z 5 180° ii x 1 y 5 180°
Exercise 9K
b They are equal
1 Interior angle of a pentagon is 108°. 3 3 108 5 324 and
7 a i x 5 2q ii x 1 y 5 360° iii y 5 2p 4 3 108 5 432. Neither of these answers are 360°,
b p 1 q 5 180° to tessellate the angles must make 360°.
8 a d 5 100°, e 5 90°, f 5 90° 2 Interior angle of a octagon is 135°. 3 3 135 5 405 and
b g 5 35°, h 5 55°, i 5 55° 2 3 135 5 270. Neither of these answers are 360°,
c j 5 54°, k 5 54° to tessellate the angles must make 360°.
d l 5 132°, m 5 66°
3 Interior angle of a heptagon is 128.6°. 3 3 128.6 5 385.7 and
9 a p 5 q 5 100° 2 3 128.6 5 257.1. Neither of these answers are 360°,
b x 5 y 5 50° to tessellate the angles must make 360°.
c e 5 45°, f 5 68°
4 a rhombus
d 80°
b 36°, 36°, 144°, 144°
10 QPS 5 65° (interior angle opposite angle at R), 5 square because two octagons make 270° need 90° to make that up to 360°
QOS 5 130° (double the angle subtended by arc SQ at the circumference) 6 a rhombus and an equilateral triangle.
11 21°, 111°, 69°
Exercise 9L
Exercise 9H 1
1 a 9 cm2, 16 cm2
b 25 cm2
c 9 1 16 5 25 5cm B
2 a 1 square, 9 squares
b 10 squares
c 1 1 9 5 10
3 d The area of the larger square is equal to the sum of the areas of the
two smaller squares. 2
5 a 20 mm b 50 mm c 13 mm d 29 mm e 37 mm 2cm
6 a b c a 2
b 2
a2 1 b2 c 2 D C
2cm
a 12 16 20 144 256 400 400
b 30 40 50 900 1600 2500 2500
c 5 12 13 25 144 169 169
d 20 21 29 400 441 841 841 3
e 12 35 37 144 1225 1369 1369
4cm E
The numbers in the last two columns are the same.
Exercise 9I
1 h2 5 72 1 242, h2 5 49 1 576, h2 5 625, h 5 "625 5 25 4
2 a 13 cm
b 17 cm
c 26 cm
d 20 cm
3 a 3.61 cm 3cm
b 9.43 cm
c 5.66 cm
d 6.08 cm 5
4 a2 1 42 5 52, a2 1 16 5 25, a2 5 9, a 5 "9, so a 5 3
5 a 8 cm b 6 cm c 9 cm d 16 cm 2.5cm
6 a 7.81 cm b 8.94 cm c 9.54 cm d 10.30 cm
7 a i 7.07 cm ii 4.24 cm b i 8.06 cm ii 9.22 cm G H
8 24.5 cm 5cm 2.5cm
9 12 cm
10 6 cm and 11.4 cm
11 26 and 16.6 cm
12 39.4 cm

6
1.5cm
2cm
B C
3cm 1.5cm
5cm
J 4.5cm K
8 a 50° b 45° c 90° d 81° e 60° f 30°

1 a a 5 b 5 34° b c 5 52° Chapter 10
c d 5 70° d e 5 g 5 112°, f 5 68°
e h 5 272° f i 5 135°, j 5 110° Check in
2 a 20 cm b 39 cm c 8.06 cm (2 d.p.) 1 a multiply b divide c add all numbers up
d 20 cm e 13.86 cm (2 d.p.) f 8.66 cm (2 d.p.)
3 a Exercise 10A
1 200 2 62 3 210
4 33 5 $8.75 6 147
A
7 3.5 8 354 9 70.5
3.5cm 10 $337.50 11 $53 12 46.2
13 55 14 1356 15 356 cm
16 576 cm2 17 39 18 22 : 21
b 19 $4.72 20 $27 21 32
4cm 22 73.5 23 8200 24 $4.16
25 7 cm
B C
2.5cm 4cm
Exercise 10B
1 She has worked out 49 2 8 2 3 instead of 49 2 8 1 3. The correct
answer is 44.
4 6 triangles can be fitted together to make an angle of 360° using rotation 2 a 7 b 9 c 4 d 5 e 16.5 f 1
5 3.61 m 3 a 0 b 81 c 29 d 1
6 6.71 m 4 a 2 b 6.24 c 62
7 7.75 m, i.e. 1.04 m higher 5 a (3 1 42) 3 10 5 190 b 5 1 (14 4 2) 2 –3 5 15
c 102 2 (10 1 2 3 (8 2 3)) 5 80
8 6.93 m
9 a 74° b b 5 c 5 62° c 70° d 85° e 45° Exercise 10C
10 a
1 a 1, 3, 5, 15 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
c 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 d 1, 5, 25
2 Factors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60
Factors of 84 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84
HCF of 60 and 84 is therefore 12
2cm 3 30
b 3 10
2cm
E F 2 5
2cm Rani working is correct.
5 a 10 b 4 c 6 d 18
2 7 3
6 a 3 b 15 c 7
10 4 7
11 4 quadrilaterals can be fitted together to make an angle of 360° 7 a 21 b 35 c 16
12 144° 8 28 m
13 a 156° b 24° 9 My number could be odd or even.
14 No, as angles do not add up to 360° when placed together 10 60 cm
15 1260° 11 You can tell a number is prime because it has only two factors.
8 is not prime because it has 1, 2, 4 and 8 as its factors, 8 is a
Check out composite number.
16 is a square number because it has an odd number of factors 1, 2, 4,
1 a 85° b 87° c 60° 8, 16
2 a 50°, 50° b c 5 120°, d 5 120°, e 5 120°, f 5 60° 7 is a prime number because it has only 1 and 7 as its factors.
3 a i 720° ii 1080° 12 is not a square number because it has an even number of factors
b i 360° ii 360° 1 is not prime because its only factor is 1.
4 exterior 5 30°, interior 5 150°
5 a 5 b 11.3 (1 d.p.) c 28.9 (1 d.p.) Investigation page 158
7 a The next perfect number is 28
8 is not a perfect number because the sum of its factors (besides 8 itself),
1 1 2 1 4 5 7 which, is less than 8. Numbers like 8 are known as deficient
numbers because their factors add up to less than the number itself.
A 12 is not a perfect number because the sum of its factors, 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 6
4.5cm
is greater than 12. Numbers like 12 are known as abundant numbers because
their factors add up to more than the number itself.
136 Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10 5 a
1 137 2 11 50
3 3 1 7 3 (10 2 5) 5 38 4 64
Speed (m/s)
5 45 6 $18.75 40
7 11.5 8 237
9 8.5 10
2
29 30
7
11 12 34
17 20
13 6 14 $47.95
15 10 16 $17.40 10
17 20 18 356 cm
2
19 5 20 60 0
21 230 22 $32.47 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
23 $126 24 8200
Time (seconds)
25 30 cm
b 8.3 m/s2 c 7.1 m/s2
Check out 6 a 250 km b Area under graph
1 a 62.3 b 158 c 20 d $2.85 e 177 7 a, b
2 a $0.71 b 1197 c 425 d 137.9 e $14.65
30
3 a 0.004 b 14 c 9.6
4 a 54 b 11 c 79 d 1 25 Joseph
Dian
Distance (km)
Chapter 11 20
Check in 15
1 a grams, mass b square centimetres, area 10
c metres, length d litres, capacity
e cubic centimetres, volume 5
Exercise 11A 0
1 a 36 km/h b 90 km/h c 16 km/h
9am 9.30am 10am 10.30am 11am 11.30am
2 16.25 g Time
3 6667 people/km2 c 9.50 am
4 22 km/h 8 a i 240 ii 240 b Yes c 20 km/h2
5 13.5 g/cm3 9 a
6 6.5 hours 30
7 0.16 N/cm2 (or 1600 N/m2) 25
Speed (m/s)
8 a 12.5 km/litre b 8 litres/100 km

20
9 135 km
10 a 0.675 goals/match b 0.45 goals/hour c 0.0075 goals/minute 15
11 a 60 mins b 30 mins c 15 mins 10
d 18 mins e 12 mins 5
12 a 2.7 g/cm3 b 72.9 g
13 No, decimal version of 3 hours 6 minutes is 3.1 hours. 0
5 10 15 20 25 30
3.1 3 110 5 341 km
Time (seconds)
14 a 300 km b 56 km c 132 km d 432 m
b 3 m/s2 c last 10 s
Exercise 11B 10 a 20 m b 60 m c 120 m
1 a 4 oranges b 12 eggs c 8 books d 9 cartons
2 $10.00 4 5 5 $2 per pen;
Exercise 11D
$14.70 4 7 5 $2.10 per pen; 1 a between 2011 and 2012 b Mr Patel’s c $6 000
$15.75 4 9 5 $1.75 per pen; d Mr Patel’s lost $1812.50 per year,
so 9 pens is the best buy Mrs Templeman’s lost $750 per year
3 $12.25 4 10 kg 5 $1.23 per kg; 2 a Red has a fixed rate of $5 if you don’t go over 200 text messages,
$7.29 4 6 kg 5 $1.22 per kg; then text messages are charged at a rate of $5 per 100 text
$9.56 4 8 kg 5 $1.20 per kg; messages. Yellow charges $4 per 100 text messages
so 8 kg is the best buy b yellow c if you send fewer than 125 text messages
4 $7.20 4 1.08 kg 5 $6.67 per kg;
$10.77 4 1.62 kg 5 $6.65 per kg; Investigation page 170
so 1.62 kg is the best buy 84 km/h
5 $1.17 4 130 g 5 0.9c per g;
$1.31 4 150 g 5 0.87c per g; Consolidation Exercise 11
so 150 g is the best buy
1 a 60 km/h b 48 km/h
Exercise 11C 2 a i 20 km/h ii 10 km/h iii 5 km/h
b 10 km/h
1 a 20 km/h, 40 km/h, 40 km/h, 20 km/h, 0 km/h
b 20 km/h, 40 km/h, 40 km/h, 20 km/h, 0 km/h 3 378 g
1
c During the third hour, it is the steepest section 4 a B b 11 km/h c 24 hours
d The graph is horizontal d first hour e half an hour
e 40km/h 5 500g cheese
2 a 10 m/s2 b 20 m/s2 c It stopped accelerating, 0 m/s2 6 a 10 m/s2 b 5 m/s2 c 140 m
3 a i 2.5 m/s ii 9 m/s iii 14 m/s iv 12 m/s 7 132 km
b 8 m/s
2 8 a Constant speed of 25m/s for 8 seconds followed by deceleration to
4 a i 25 m/s2 ii 63 m/s2 iii 0 m/s2 rest over the next 12 seconds
b 17.5 m/s2 b 2.1 m/s2 c 350 m
9 13.5 g/cm3
10 a 18 Exercise 12B
16 1 225° M Malik, 15° H James, 90° K Odaro, 30° Did not vote
14 2 132° bus, 192° walk, 24° car, 12° cycle
Speed (m/s)
12 3 a 45° English, 22.5° French, 135° Maths, 67.5° Social Studies,
10 90° Science
8 b 12.5%
6 4 a Sector angles: 162°, 90°, 36°, 36°, 18°, 18°
b $60 000
4 1
5 a 6 b 372
2
6 a Services 86.4°, Education 79.2°, Public works 108°,
0 Health 54°, Other 32.4°
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 1
b $333 million
Time (s) 1
c $8 million on Services, $73 million on Education, $10 million on
b i 9 m/s ii 3 m/s2 iii 270 m iv 15 m/s Public works, $5 million on Health, $3 million on Other
11 2.5 litre tin 12000000
12 a 1990 b 2015 c house in country d house in country
10000000
13 145 km2
14 a 150 mins b 15 mins 8000000
Budget ($)
Check out 6000000
1 a
distance in m 4 time in secs
number in population 4 area in km2
b 4000000
c
distance in km 4 capacity in litres
2000000
2 a
i 82 km/h ii 1h 45 mins iii 3400 km
b
mass 5 density 3 volume; density 5 mass 4 volume; 0
Services
Education
Public works
Health
Other
volume 5 mass 4 density
3 a 1.2 kg b 4 muffins
4 a 4 hours b 500 km/h c 800 km/h d 650 km/h
5 a 75 km b 6.25 km/h2
Chapter 12 Sector
Check in 7 a 15.3% b 54°, 131°
1 mean 18, median 18, mode 22, range 10 8 a Sector angles: 198°, 115°, 36°, 11° b 61
2 a 1 7
Exercise 12C
2 6 6 7
1 a i 140–144 cm ii 145–149 cm iii 150–154 cm
3 0 1 8
iv 160–164 cm v 165–169 cm vi 140–144 cm
4 0 2 5 6 b i 160–164 cm ii 140–144 cm iii 145–149 cm
5 1 5 7 c 154.5 cm
6 0 1 Key: 2)7 5 27 years d i 134.5 cm and 139.5 cm ii 139.5 cm and 144.5 cm
b i 41 ii 26 iii 44 iii 144.5 cm and 149.5 cm iv 149.5 cm and 154.5 cm
3 a i discrete data takes only certain values in a given range 2 7
Number of children
(e.g. things you count), continuous data takes all values 6

in a given range (e.g. things you measure)
5
ii primary data is data you collect yourself, secondary data has
been collected by someone else 4
b data collections sheets are like a simplified version of a 3
questionnaire, often used in interviews to quickly collect a lot of 2
data all on a small number of sheets of paper 1
Exercise 12A 0
1 a Orange b Blue 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170
c 30 d Number of students: 3, 6, 5, 7, 9 Height (cm)
2 a The sale of 2 soft drinks
b 8 3 a 15
c 5 b The frequencies are: 2, 15, 45, 27, 7, 4
d Saturday c i 129.5 g ii 150.5 g
e 38 d i 99.5 g ii 159.5 g (to 1 d.p.)
f Number of soft drinks sold: 6, 8, 5, 4, 5, 10 4 25
3 a 120
20
100
Frequency
Frequency
80 15
60 10
40
20 5
0 0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Volleyball
Football
Hockey
Netball
Length (mm)
5 a The frequencies are: 9, 15, 38, 52, 29, 9, 2
b 163.5 cm and 165.5 cm
Sport c 167.5 cm
4 a 36 b 113
138 Answers
d 60 4 a 160 b 22 mm
50 c 70
60
Frequency
40
Frequency
50
30 40
20 30
10 20
10
0 0
160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 22 27 32 37 42
Height (cm) Length (mm)
6 a The frequencies are: 5, 19, 46, 24, 6 5 a first year, steepest drop
b 50 b decreasing
c i $12500 ii $8500
40 d i $5000 ii $11200
Frequency
30
Exercise 12E
20 1 a machine A as it has more washers over 3 mm
b i 4.8 mm ii 4.8 mm
10
c i 1.6 mm ii 1.7 mm
0 d i 3.5 mm ii 2.8 mm
0 20 40 60 80 100 e i 2.5 mm ii 2.8 mm
f d is the only one that really supports the conjecture that machine A
Mark (%) produces thicker washers
g the median is the most reliable and meaningful
Exercise 12D 2 a
1
Maths Geography
50
45 8 5 3 4 2
40 7 4 2 1 0 5 1 7
35 9 6 3 6 0 2 5
Frequency
30 1 0 7 2 5 3 9
25
20 2 8 0 8 8
15 0 9 1 7
10
5 Key
0
104.5 114.5 124.5 134.5 144.5 154.5 4 | 2 = 42 and 3 | 4 | = 43
b Geography looks easier as more students got higher marks
Mass (grams)
c Maths 60.7 Geography 72, yes
30 3 a i 14 ii 1
25 b i 0 ii 9
c club B, it has more older people
Frequency
20 4 a KMA School Highfield Academy

15 9 8 8 0 6 7 8
10 8 8 7 6 5 5 0 1 3 3 5 6 8 9
5 5 5 2 1 2 0 1 4 4
3 0 3 2 3 8
0 6 1 4 1 4
22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62
Length (mm) Key
2 a 524.5 kg 0 | 6 = 0.6km and 8 | 0 | = 0.8km
b 140 b There isn’t much difference between the two schools
120
100 Exercise 12F
Frequency
80 1 Always true d, f, i; Sometimes true b, c, e; False a, g, h

60 2 a i positive correlation ii the taller you are the longer your arm
40 length
20 b i positive correlation ii the longer your leg length the faster
your maximum speed
0
c i no correlation ii mass and history score are not related
474.5 524.5 574.5 624.5 d i negative correlation ii the bigger the car the lower the fuel
Mass (kg) economy
3 3 a $32 000 b positive c 27
40
Average high (°C) 4 a negative correlation
35
Average high (°C)
Cario, Egypt b, d 100

boiling water (°C)
30
Temperature of
25 95
20 90
15 85
10 80
Average high (°C) 75
5 Wellington, New Zealand
0 70
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
n
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A
Height above sea level (metres)

D
A
Month c supports e 89.5° f 6000 m

Cairo and Wellington have their warm seasons at opposite times
of the year. Answers to Student Book 3 139
5 a positive correlation 13 a extrapolation means when you extend a line of best fit outside of
b, d 400 the range of data you have which is not very reliable as the trend
350 may not continue beyond the data you have. Interpolation is using
Mass (g) 300 the line within the data values you have which is more reliable
250 b In general, the independent variable is the variable that isn’t
200 influenced by anything it is plotted on the x-axis (for example
150 number of letters in a name – see question 9). The dependent
100 variable is the one that is affected by the independent variable,
50 it is plotted on the y-axis (for example time to write name
0 backwards – see question 9).
0 50 100 150 200
Number of pages Exercise 12G
c support 1 pie chart, bar chart, pictogram as data is discrete
e 160 pages 2 a scatter graph
6 a no correlation b expect no correlation (or possibly weak positive)
b
Number of items
c 35
10
remembered
34
8
Temperature °C
33
6 32
4 31
2 30
0 29
140 150 160 170 180 190 28
Height (cm) 27
26
c support 25
7 a 25000 4 6 8 10 12
20000
Value ($)
Hours of sunshine
15000
10000 d a day can be very sunny but cold, also the range of temperatures is
only from 28 to 34 which is not a big range
5000
e, f mean or median better
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 3 a pie chart, bar chart, pictogram, stem and leaf diagram
Age (years) b histogram, frequency polygon
c bar chart, pictogram, pie chart
b it does decrease as the car ages. The correlation is negative, but not
d scatter graph
strong (or weak)
4 a spider monkey
c make and model of the car and the condition it is in and the number
of miles it has travelled b spider monkey
8 a the line does not follow the trend of the points since the student has c i is likely to be a spider monkey
tried to make sure the line goes through the origin when it shouldn’t ii could be either a spider monkey or a mandrill
there is clearly negative correlation but this line shows positive iii is likely to be a mandrill
b this is fine d i mandrill
c the line does follow the trend but it is too high, there is only one ii cannot say as don’t know the mean mass of all Old World or all
point above the line and 8 below it New World monkeys
d this is fine
e there is no clear correlation a line should not be drawn at all Consolidation Exercise 12
f the line does follow the trend but it is too low, there is only one 1 a, c 18
point below the line and several above it 16
Number of items
14
remembered
9 a might be positive correlation as the more letters in the name the

longer it may take 12
b 10 10
8
8 6
Time (s)
6 4
4 2
2 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time spent
Number of letters memorising items (s)
b positive
c not particularly better or worse as he is on the line of best fit d 11
d Hannah’s name is the same forwards as backwards e it is within the data set so yes, but the correlation isn’t that strong
e outlier so be wary as there are obviously other factors involved (e.g. age)
10 Layla is right, the sample size is very small and this can cause 2 a 32.5 cm
unexpected results showing false correlation b 15
11 a positive correlation, weak
b 100
Science result
80
Frequency
10
60
40
20 5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
Maths result
c 57
15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Height (cm)
140 Answers
3 a i 8
5 Class f
6
10 75–125 30
7
125–175 50
175–225 40
8
9 225–275 10
9 a 20 2 25
ii 35 b no as they could have any result between 0 and 5
30 c 32%
Frequency
25
d 4%
20
15 e approximately normal distribution
10
5 Check out
0 1 a 7
5 6 7 8 9 10 6
Score 5
Frequency
b the bar chart 4
4 a histogram or frequency polygon possible. 3
Frequency polygon:
2
25 1
20 0
Frequency
15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 Catches
5 c
0
0 6
5
5
1
.5
55 5
65 5
75 5
85 5
.5
35 5
45 5
.5
5.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
25
95
Score 4
b 72% c 36% 3
5 a 2
Number of emails sent
40
35
30 2 30
25
20 25
15
Frequency
20
10
5 15
0 10
J F M A M J J A S O N D
5
Month
b increasing 0
6 18 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
16 Weight (kg)
14
Frequency
12 3 80
10 70
8 60
6
Frequency
4 50
2 40
0 30
132 137 142 147 152 157 162 20
Height (cm) 10
7 Recovering well Those still unwell 0
8 36 2 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5
9 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 2 1 37 5 7 Age (years)
2 1 38 3 4 4 6 7 8 8 9 4 peaks in August and a small peak in April
39 2 2 4 5 5 a i 2.6 km ii 3.7 km
b i 3.2 km ii 3.7 km
Key c i 1 km ii 4.5 km
36 | 2 = 36.2 °C and 8 | 36 = 36.8 °C
b i 1.4° C ii 3.3° C
c i 37.6° C ii 38.7° C
d generally those who are still unwell have higher temperatures
as there are more patients with temperatures 38° or above in the
unwell section

6 and 7 a 14 a x < 21 b 20 , x , 40 c 4<x,8
20 15 a 100
18 90
Number of students
16
Judge 1 scores
14 80
12 70
10 60
8 50
6 40
4 30
2 20
0 10
0 5 10 15 20 0
Judge 2 scores Blue Brown Green Grey
7 b 9.5
Eye colour
c
Review B Grey
1 a i 0.8 ii 0.75
b i 39.2 ii 39.25 40°
Green
c i 6.8 ii 6.80 iii 6.799
50° Blue
d i 1.0 ii 1.0003
2 a x53 b x 5 26 c x 5 1.3 90° 180°
3 Sum of interior 1 exterior angles of an n-sided polygon 5 180n
Sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon 5 180(n 2 2) Brown
Sum of exterior angles 5 (sum of interior 1 exterior angles)
2 (sum of interior angles)
5 180n 2 180(n 2 2) (expand brackets) 3
17 5
5 180n 2 180n 1 360 (simplify) 18 a a 5 65°, b 5 115° b c 5 34°, d 5 63°
5 360 c f 5 92° d g 5 72°, h 5 108°
The sum of exterior angles of any polygon is 360°. e i 5 51.4°, j 5 128.6°
4 a 10 cm b 26 cm c 25 cm 19 a x51 b x55 c x54 d x 5 23
5 318 g e x57 f x 5 4.8 g x 5 22 h x 5 26
6 a 50 20 a 1.41 cm b 14.1 cm c 141 cm
1 5
21 12 4 7, 12 3 0.41, 12 3 9 , 12 3 17 , 12 4 48
40
22 a 8 m/s2 b constant speed c 1000 m
Frequency
30 23 a
Class A Class B
20 0 7
9 1 4 6 6 8 9 9
10 5 4 4 2 0 2 2 7 7 8 9 9
7 6 6 6 6 5 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 3
0 9 3 2 1 0 0 4 3 5
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 5
Mass (kg) 6
b 50 Key
40 0 | 7 = 7 marks and 9 | 1 | = 19 marks
b Class A mean 5 35.2, median 5 36, mode 5 36
Frequency
30 Class B mean 5 25.2, median 5 27, there are several modes so

it isn’t meaningful working it out
20 24
10
0
24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 B
4cm
Mass (kg)
7 a i 30 ii 27
b 0.0637 i 0.06 ii 0.064
c i 50000 ii 47000 iii 46600
d i 6000 ii 6000 25 a 9.72 b 0.0972 c 9720 d 0.972
8 a 5 cm b 10.4 cm c 12 cm d 8.5 cm e 0.0972 f 0.000972
9 2x 1 2 5 38; 18, 20 26 triangle, square, hexagon
10 a a 5 40° 27 a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 b 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10
b b 5 60°, c 5 95° c 0, 1, 2, 3 d 7, 8, 9, 10
c d 5 18°, e 5 18°, f 5 21° 28 10.6 cm
d a 5 110°, b 5 135° 29 a 28° b 40° c 100° d 80°
11 a 3.4 b 5.2 c 2
1.5 d 3.0 30 a 74 km/h b 126 km c 48 minutes
12 a 11 cm b 0.9 cm 31 a a 1 12 b a 2 18 c a 1 12 5 3(a 2 18)
1 d 33
13 a First 2 hour, 24 km/h
b 1.5 hours 32 a 40 b 4 c 6 d 23
c 32 km 33 a 144° b 36°
34 214
142 Answers
35 a b 56 24
3 2
9 10 11 12 14 15 16 57 57 4 0.9, 57 3 3.8, 57 4 8 , 57 4 0.8, 57 3 15
58 31
c d
59 42
5 6 4 6 7 8
36 b, c, d, e and f Chapter 13
37 a 22° b 44°
38 a x 5 1, y 5 1 b x 5 1, y 5 0.5 c x 5 1, y 5 2 Check in
1 a mm, cm, m, km b g, kg, t c ml, ℓ
39 250
Average rainfall (mm)
3 a 5:8 b 2:3 c 4:5 d 4:1:3

200
Exercise 13A
150 1 a 4:7 b 6:1 c 2:7:9
2 a 1:6 b 6:5 c 10 : 5 : 9 c 10 : 7
100 3 40 : 39
4 Katy
50
5 a 1 : 12 b 23 : 2 c 9 : 13 c 24 : 45 : 40
0 6 Jenny
7 a 2:5:7 b 2:2:3
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8 a, c, d and e
M
Month 9 paint B
Average rainfall Average rainfall 10 15 : 14
(mm) in Aukland, (mm) in Kano, 11 a 1 : 1000 b 3 : 250
12 a 1:7 b 20 : 1 c 3 : 20 d 3:7 e 7:6 f 17 : 19
New Zealand Nigeria
13 10 : 13
Rainfall more steady in Auckland with a small peak in Jun/July.
Very clear rainy season in Kano between Jun and September and little Exercise 13B
rain at other times. 1 a 189 cm, 216 cm b $95, $19, $114
40 x 2 6 5 2(39 2 x), $28 and $5 c 90 g, 150 g d 32 cm, 48 cm
41 a 2.4 b 24.8 c 16.66 d 0.2 e 0.3 f 0.03 e 390 ml, 520 ml f 24 mins, 56 mins, 40 mins
g 0.245 h 800 i 1100 j 240 2 A 5 45°, B 5 75°, C 5 60°
42 3 a she has divided by the total number of shares not just the shares
there are more of
2cm
b 56 4 2 5 28
X Y Kamil gets 3 3 28 5 $84
3cm 2cm Sean gets 5 3 28 5 $140
(Check 140 2 84 5 56)
4 3
5 1400 g
43 60 cm 6 117, 52
44 a 5 b 3.2 7 306
45 13.8 g/cm3 8 Isosceles
46 70 m 9 a i 0.5 ii 0.5
47 a Team A 5 94, Team B 5 65 b 15 red, 40 blue, 25 black
b Team A 5 76, Team B 5 91 10 $120 , $84
c Team A has the highest modal score, team B has the highest 11 30°, 165°, 105°, 60°
median score 12 165
d team B scored more baskets than team A, the median is the more
meaningful measure Investigation page 212
48 a x 5 6, y 5 4 b x 5 22, y 5 4 c x 5 5, y 5 23 Amira $480, Beth $400, Cassie $320
49 a AO and OB are both the radius of the circle so triangle AOB is
isosceles so OAB 5 65°. Angles in a triangle add up to 180° so Exercise 13C
AOB 5 50°
1 a x 6 30 1
b i 25° ii 115°
50 a 0.24 b 0.156 c 17.02 d 21.58 e 6 f 0.6 y 24 120 4
g 41 h 40
51 180(n 2 2)° b x 2 9 8
52 (2 1 7) 3 (9 2 5) 5 36 y 14 63 56
53 a 1 b 2
c negative correlation, the further the weekly distance ran the lower c x 5 8 11
the resting pulse rate
d Someone with a resting pulse rate of 55 and runs 28 km per week. y 1.5 2.4 3.3
This could be because they normally run more but are recovering d
from an injury and are running less kilometres until they are fully x 12 3.6 2
2
recovered. y 18 5.4 2
3
e 63 beats per minute
f 14 km per week 2 a $122.50 b $9.03 c 3.375 kg d 105 m 2
54 5.83 m 3 a €21.60 b $400

55 You can’t fit the angles of a pentagon together to make 360°, since
the interior angle of a regular pentagon is 108° (3 3 108° 5 324° and
4 3 108° 5 432°).

c, d Exercise 14A
1 b i, ii, iii and iv are linear and v is not
2 a 3x row: 23, 3, 6, 12, 12 row should all be 12, y row: 21, 2, 5, 8, 11
200
euros (€)
b y
14
y = 3x 1 2
100 12
10
0 8
100 200 300 400
US dollars ($) 6
e yes f €53
4 $4.22 4
5 a 36 b 165 g c 625 g
2
6 a US dollars ($) 70 82 104
4x
British pounds (£) 46.20 54.12 68.64 −2 −1 1 2 3
b i $350 ii R4149 −2
7 83.2 litres
−4
8 2 litre bottles
9 2.4 cm
3 a i x 2 2 0 1 2 3 4
2 1
Consolidation Exercise 13 y 2 2 0 2 4 6 8
4 2
1 a 4:7 b 7:6 c 2:5:7
2 a $90, $150 b 35 g, 40 g ii x 2 2 0 1 2 3 4
2 1
c 14 cm, 56 cm d 700 m, 3500 m, 2100 m
y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
e 48 mins, 36 mins, 96 mins
3 a 2:5 b 5:6 c 4:7:1 c 2:3:6 iii x 2 2 0 1 2 3 4
2 1
4 a €187.20 b $600
y 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
5 2.4 kg bag
6 208 chocolates iv x 2 2 0 1 2 3 4
2 1
7 250 ml pineapple juice, 150 ml orange juice, 200 ml mango.
8 Paint B y 2
10 2
7 2
4 2
1 2 5 8
9 a 7 : 10 b 5:8 c 35 : 1 d 2:1 b y
10 255
y = 2x 1 4
11 A metal alloy is made from copper and lead in the ratio 3 : 5. 12
a 6 kg
b i 2.34 kg ii 3.9 kg 10
12 a i False; b he hits 11.5 times as many serves in as he hits out y = x14
ii definitely true 8
iii False; b For every 2 of his serves that were out, 23 were in
2
6
iv false; b 25 of his shots are served out
v could be true 4 y = 2x
13 no
14 Amir 39, Rita 91 2
15 a $17.82 b 9
8
4x
16 90 ml acid, 495 ml water −2 −1
17 a
1 2 3
x 3 4 20 −2
y 81 108 540 −4
b x 8 10 22
4
−6
−
y 28 35 77
3x
−
−8
=
y
Check out −10

1 Toyin, Henrik, Jane, William
2 a i 40° ii 80° b Gill $96, Nat $36 4 a x 2
3 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
3 a |11 946 b $900
y 2
24 2
19 2
14 2
9 2
4 1 6
Chapter 14 b x 2
3 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
Check in y 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
1 1.2, 2.8, 5.2
c x 0 1 2 3
2 a (1.4, 2.5), (2.2, 27.5), (22.2, 7) 2
3 2
2 2
1
3 a x52 b x55 c x55 d x 5 13 y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
4 a parallel b perpendicular c perpendicular
d neither d x 2 2 2 0 1 2 3
3 2 1
1y 2 12 1 2y 2 5 2
5 a x5 2 b x5 3 y 18 16 14 12 10 8 6
144 Answers
y 8 a linear b linear c non-linear d non-linear
y = 12 − 2x 9 a (3, 249), (5, 415), (7, 581)
b (2, 40), (4, 75), (5, 92.5), (7, 127.5)
15
c (0, 200), (2, 144), (4, 88), (7, 4)
y = 6 − x 10
Exercise 14B
1 5 y
y = x+2 1
2 5x + 3y = 30
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3x 12
−5
10
−10
8
−15
y = 5x − 9 4x + 7y = 24 6
−20
4
−25 x + 6y = 12
2
5 a y582x
b y −2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
−2
8 3x + 2y = 18
7 4 y
12
6 3y = 3(2x − 5)
10
5
y = 8−x 8
4
6
3
4
2
2 3x = 24 − 4y
1
−2
2 4 6 8 10 x
0 x −2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6 a 2y 5 8 2 x, y 5 4 2 2
x −4
2
1 1 2 1 1 1
0, 21, −6
b 4 row should all be 4, 2 x row: 2, 12 , y row: 4, 32 , 22 , 2
5x + 2y − 20 = 0
c y
8
Exercise 14C
7 1 x 5 2, y 5 3
2 a x 5 1, y 5 5 b x 5 0, y 5 3
6
c x 5 1, y 5 2 d x 5 26, y 5 211
5 e x 5 2, y 5 4 f x 5 2, y 5 5
3 a (3, 6) b (5, 6) c (3, 7) d (2.5, 7)
4 4 The lines are parallel so they do not intersect.
3 x 1 2y = 8 5 a x 5 3.7 y 5 2.5
b x 5 4.6 y 5 2.6
c x 5 5.8 y 5 1.4
2 d x 5 8.7 y 5 4.5
3 3
1 6 a 24 b 14
7 a y 5 2x, y 5 6 2 x b y 5 2x 1 3, y 5 3x 2 2
8 a (1.5, 5.5); y 5 7 2 x, y 5 3x 1 1
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x b (2.5, 6); y 5 2x 1 1, y 5 4x 2 4
7 y Exercise 14D
12 1 a i y
2x + y = 10 6
10 5
y = 3x + 1
4
8 3
x + 2y = 6 2
6
1
4 y = 2x
4x + 3y = 12 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2 −2
−3
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4x −4
−2 −5
x − 3y = 9
−4

ii y 4 y
y = 5x − 3
6 6
y = 8 + 4x 5
5 y = 5x − 2 y = 3x + 3
4
4 y = 2x + 4
3
3
2
2
1
1
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6
−4 −3 −2 −1− 0 x 1
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 −2
−2 −3
−3 −4
−4 −5
−5
Investigation page 225

iii y If m is positive then the gradient is positive. If m is negative then the
6 gradient is negative.
y = 4x − 3
5
4 Exercise 14E
3 1 a 2 b 2 c 1 d 5 e 0 f Infinite
2
1
2 a i 22 ii 2
2 iii 2 iv
2 2
b iii
1 3 a Yes
−3 −2 −1− 0 x y
1 1 2 3 4 5 70
−2
−3
60
50
Time taken
(minutes)
iv y
y = 7x + 1 40
6
5 30
4 20
3
10
2
1 0
x
0 5 10 15 20
−3 −2 −1 x
0 1 2 3 4 Number present
b i 3 ii 5 iii 4 iv 7 b (0, 10) c 3
d They are the same d Each extra person adds 3 minutes
2 a y 4 y
y = 4x y = 3x
7
y = 2x 30
6
5
Weight (kg)
4 y =x
20
3
2
1 10
−3 −2 −1 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
b y 5 4x 0
3 a y 0 5 10 15 20 25 x
+1
6
−1
Length of spring (cm)

5
2x
2x
b 20 cm, it is the length with no weight

4
y =
y =
c 0.4 d 0.4 cm
3 5
2 y = 2x
1 (x 2,y 2)
−4 −3 −2 −1− 0 x y2 − y1
1 1 2 3 4
−2
−3 (x 1,y 1) x 2 − x 1
b They are the same
146 Answers
Exercise 14F b s
1 1
1 a 2 b 2 c 22 d 2 e f 2
2
2 15
2 a a and d, b and e, c and f b c and f
3 a and c, b and f,
4 a and c, b and f, d and e
10
5 a y
4 Q (5,4)
3 5
2 R (1,2)
1 P (4,1) 0 t
1 2 3 4 5
s 5 3.5t
5x
0
1 2 3 4 4 a, d y
2
1 Mr Brown
b 3, 3 c "10, "10, "20 d yes 140 Mr Khan
1 5
6 The gradients of PQ, QR and PR are 4 , 24 and 3 .
PQ and QR are perpendicular 120
100
Exercise 14G
Fee ($)
1 a i y-intercept 5 3, gradient 5 2 80
ii y-intercept 5 22, gradient 5 3 60
1 4
iii y-intercept 5 3 , gradient 5 3
40
iv y-intercept 5 4, gradient 5 22
1
v y-intercept 5 3 , gradient 5
2
1 20
2
2
5
vi y-intercept 5 2 , gradient 5 2 0 x
b Students’ drawings 1 2 3 4 5
2 a (2, 8) and (4, 10), (8, 8) and (10, 12), (2, 3) and (4, 4) Number of hours
1 b $20, the hourly fee
b i 6, 28, 2 ii 1, 2, 2
2 1 c $40, the call out fee before any work has taken place
3 a i m 5 3, c 5 4 ii m 5 5, c 5 2 iii m 5 2, c54
e (4, 120) f Mr Brown
iv m 5 21, c 5 3
b Students’ drawings 5 C
4 a y 5 2x b y 5 2x 1 1 c y 5 2x 1 5 90
3
d y 5 2x 2 3 e y 5 2x 1 2 80
x
5 a y 5 3x 1 2 b y 5 5x 1 2 c y5212 70
d y 5 22x 1 2 e y52
6 a y 5 3x 1 5 b y 5 4x 2 2 c y 5 2x 1 1 60
7 a y 5 3x 1 2 b y 5 2x 1 4 c y 5 4x 2 1
d y 5 4x 2 3 50
40
Exercise 14H
1 V 5 8.3I 1 20 30
2 a y 20
150 10
0 n
100 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Euros
I 5 10, P 5 5.3
6 a (19, 11.1) b 12.7
50
7 a E
8
0 x
50 100 150 200 7
Dollars 6
b 0.75 c the exchange rate $1 5 €0.75
5
3 a s
4
50
3
40
2
30
1
20
0 1 2 W
10
(1.1, 6.0), (2.7, 0.6)
0
1 2 3 4 5 t b a 5 23.5, b 5 9.5, (1.1, 5.65), (2.7, 0.05)
s 5 13.6t
8 a $10 b $5 b y 5 1.25x
c, d C c i €58 ii $39
d i €58.40 ii $38.75; equation more accurate
50 Factory B 4 a y 5 2.5x
b i 12.5 ii 9.2
40
5 Barrel B was not full. Line 1 is Barrel B, line 2 is barrel A. It takes 35
30 seconds to fill barrel A and 18 seconds for barrel B to have 80cm of
Factory A water in it. Barrel A is 80 cm tall. Water fills barrel B at a rate of 4.4 cm
20 per second and barrel A at a rate of 2.3 cm per second.
10 Exercise 14J
1x 2 22
1 a f(x) 5 3x 1 2, f 21(x) 5 3
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 d b f(x) 5 4x 2 3, f 21(x) 5 4
1x 1 32
x
e 6; $6 cost per metre 2 a f(x) 5 4(x 2 5), f 21(x) 5 4 1 5
f 5, $5 delivery charge 1x 1 22
b f(x) 5 3 , f 21(x) 5 3x 2 2
g C 5 6d 1 5 3 The inverses are:
1x 2 72 1x 1 52
Exercise 14I a f 21(x) 5 4 b f 21(x) 5 3
x x
1 a 3 c f 21(x) 5 2 2
5 d f 21(x) 5 1 57
b y 4 a f 21(x) 5
1x 1 12
b f 21(x) 5
1x 2 22
6 4
x 1x 1 72
c f 21(x) 5 2 d f 21(x) 5 3
12 2 x2
20 5 a f 21(x) 5 3x b f 21(x) 5 2(x 1 1) c f 21(x) 5 3
1 x 2 24 2 x 1 20
d f 21(x) 5 12 e f 21(x) 5 6 f f 21(x) 5 5x 2 2
1x 2 32 x 1 x 2 10 2
6 a g21(x) 5 2 b h21(x) 5 1 5 4 c k21(x) 5 4
10 1x 2 32
d l21(x) 5 6 e m21(x) 5 3x 1 5
7 a 13 b 8 c 22 d 27 e 5 f 7
g 3 h 4
1x 2 12 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 8 a f21(x) 5 4 b 9 c 2 d 4
21 x
c yes d 3 e yes f y 5 3x g 21 h 11 9 a g (x) 5225 b 12 c 1
d 24.5
2 a y
10 a h21(x) 5 2x 1 3 b 0 c 3
60 d 9
1x 2 72
11 a f21(x) 5 6 b 25 c 3
50 d 20.5
40 12 a
m2
Function f(x) 5 2x f(x) 5 x 2 2 f(x) 5 3x 1 2 f(x) 5 1 2 x

30
Inverse f 21(x) 5 (x 2 2)
f 21(x) 5 0.5x f 21(x) 5 x 1 2 f 21(x) 5 1 2 x
20 Function 3
10 b 6 y = 2x
5 y =x y = 0.5x
0
1 2 3 4 5 x 4
3
Litres
2
b y 5 12x c 96 m2 d 4ℓ 1
e 12 m2 f same
0
3 a y −4 −3 −2−1−
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
−2
80
−3
70 −4
60
US Dollars
50 8
y =x +2
7
40 6 y =x y =x −2
30 5
4
20 3
10 2
1
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 x −2−1− 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1
Euros
148 Answers
8 y = 3x + 2 1 a i
7 x 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
y =x
6 y 2
8 2
5 2
2 1 4 7
5 ii
4 x 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
3 y 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
2 (x−2)
y = iii x 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
1 3
y 10 7 4 1 2
2 2
5
−2−1− 0
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
b y
6
y + 3x = 4
5
6 x 4
y =x y = 2
+4 y + 2 = 3x
5 3
4 2
y =1 −x 3 1
2 −
6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1−10 1 2 3 4 5 6x
1 −2
−3
−5 −4 −3 −2−1− 0
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 −4
−2 −5
−3
−4 c i gradient 5 3, intercept 5 22
ii gradient 5 0.5, intercept 5 4
c f(x) is reflected in the line y 5 x to give f 21(x) iii gradient 5 23, intercept 5 4
2 a x 5 1, y 5 5 b x 5 1, y 5 1 c x 5 2, y 5 1
Exercise 14K d x 5 1, y 5 21 e x 5 22, y 5 21 f x 5 2, y 5 2
1 i arithmetic: a, d, f, h g x 5 4, y 5 1 h x 5 2, y 5 1
x
ii geometric: c, e, g, i 3 a f 21(x) 5 x 2 5 b f 21(x) 5 3 c f 21(x) 5 6 2 x
iii another type: b 1x 1 52
d f 21(x) 5 e f 21(x) 5 4(x 2 6)
3
2 a 22, 25 b 1, 4 c 243, 729 d 212, 216
e 320, 640 f 32, 37 g 2, 1 h 3.5, 4 4 a
y = 5 − 3x y y = 2x + 1
1 1
i 8 , 16 6
3 a Add three 5
b Subtract two less than the previous time 4x + 2y = 5 4
c Multiply by three 3
d Subtract four 2
e Double the previous term 1
2y = 3x − 6
f Add five −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6
g Halve the previous term
−2
h Add half −3
i Halve the previous term −4
4 a 34 b 25 c 19683 d 228 e 5120 f 52 −5
1 1
g 8 h 5.5 i 128
5 a 40, 30, 20, 10, 0 b 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 2 3 2
2
b i 2 ii 3 iii 2 iv 2
c 11, 25, 1, 7, 13 d 24, 8, 20, 32, 44
e 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 f 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 5 a 4 b 2 c 2 d 4
g 3, 8, 23, 68, 203 6 a 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 b 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 c 5, 10, 20, 40, 80
6 a 39; 57 b 21; 4; 24 d 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 e 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 f 2, 7, 12, 17, 22
c 2
8; 22; 1 d 3; 21; 217 g 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
7 a 2
2, 21, 0, 1, 2 b 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 7 a y 5 3.5x b gradient 3.5, intercept 0
c 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 d 7, 17, 27, 37, 47 8 a 8 b 5 c 2 d 8
3 4 23 21
9 a 1 b 2 c 5 d 5 e 2
Exercise 14L 1x 2 12
10 a f 21(x) 5 x 2 3 b f 21(x) 5 3x c f 21(x) 5 2
1 a 3n 1 1 b 5n 2 2 c 6n 2 4 d 25 2 5n 1x 1 22
e 0.5n 1 6.5 f 0.25n 1 4 d f 21(x) 5 1 2 x e f 21(x) 5 3 f f 21(x) 5 4x 2 3
2 i a 31 b 48 c 56 d 2
25 e 11.5 f 6.5 11 a y
2
ii a 61 b 98 c 116 d 75 e 16.5 f 9
3 a 3n 1 5 b 155 c 31st 3
Cost ($)
4 a 10n 2 9 b 991
c no, it doesn’t end in 1 e 17th 2
5 a 3, 11, 19, 27, 35 b 8n 2 5
6 a 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 b 4n 1 3 1
0 x
1 2 3 4
Time (minutes)
b $0.10 c $0.60 d C 5 0.6t 1 0.1
e intercept is the connection fee and the gradient is the cost per minute

12 a 3n 2 2 b 18 2 3n c 5n 1 9 d 2.5n 1 0.5 2
x = −3 y x=2
e 8n 2 7 f 0.75n 1 14.5 6
13 a 19.5, 26, 32.5, 39
5
b y
4
40 3
y=3
2
Cost ($)
30
1
20
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x
10 −1
−2
0 x y = −2
1 2 3 4 5 6 −3
Number of gallons −4
c i $29.25 ii 3 gallons
d c 5 6.5 g 3 y
e yes, as it is a straight line passing through the origin
6 B
14 a gradient 5 1, y 5 x b gradient 5 1, y 5 x 1 1 5
c gradient 5 21, y 5 2x 2 2 4
9t
15 a 30 °C b f 21(t) 5 5 1 32 c 77 °F 3
2
Check out
1 A
1 a linear b non-linear
2 y −4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
6
−2
5 −3
3y − 3x = 15 4 −4
3
2 4 a 3 b 8 c 1
1 2x − y = 3
Exercise 15A
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0 x
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 (0, 21), (2, 0), (1, 2)
−2 2 (22, 23), (1, 23), (2, 21), (21, 21)
2
−3
3 a a 232 b d a 01 b e a 211 b
2y − 8x = 2 −4
4 a no b no
5 a (1, 1) b (5, 4)
−5
6 a (1, 1) S (5, 4) b (4, 5) S (8, 8); (2, 4) S (6, 7)
d yes e yes
4 23 7 b (6, 3), (9, 7), (7, 6)
3 a 3 b 2 c 3
4 a y5 x21
3
b y5x11 8 a 52 b
2
2
5 a x 5 5, y 5 1 b x 5 4, y 5 5 3 3
9 a a b
1
b a2 b
1
x
6 a f 21(x) 5 x 2 2 b f 21(x) 5 3
1x 1 52 1 x 2 15 2
10 (22, 1), (0, 3), (2, 1), (0, 23)
c f 21(x) 5 4 d f 21(x) 5 10 1 22
12
7 y 5 4.5x is a straight line of gradient 4.5 passing through the origin 11 a a2 b

7
b a
4
b c a
7
b
2
8 a 6, 14, 22, 30, 38 b 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 c 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 12 a 5
a2 b b 5
a b c 2
a b
1 1 2
d 1, 7, 13, 19, 25 e 12, 17, 22, 27, 32
9 a 5n 1 7 b 4n 1 5 c 62 2 10n d 17 2 2n 13 a, b, c
y
B C
Chapter 15 2
−
T 1
1
Check in A D
1 y −1 0 x
A −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7 B′ C′
6 −2 T
B 5 A′ D′
−3
4
3 d vertices are (10, 26), (10, 24), (12, 24), (12, 26)
2
1 Exercise 15B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
−5 −4 −3 −2−1 0 1 a 90° anticlockwise, A
−1 b 90° anticlockwise, B
−2 c 90° anticlockwise, C
−3 d 270° anticlockwise, C or 90° clockwise, C
−4 e 180° anticlockwise, B
−5 D f 270° anticlockwise, A or 270° clockwise, A
C −6 2 a (7, 9), (4, 5), (6, 6) b (5, 3), (1, 6), (2, 4)
c (1, 1), (23, 4), (22, 2)
3 a (8, 0), (4, 3), (5, 1) b (11, 9), (8, 5), (10, 6)
150 Answers
4 It has a rotational symmetry of order 4 9 d Rotation 180° about (1.5, 1.5)
5 b (23, 21), (21, 23), (22, 26), (25, 26) 10 y
6 b (23, 4), (21, 21), (23, 22), (25, 21) 4
7 y 3
6 P
2
5
1
4 A
−4 −3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
3 1
2 −2
−3 Q
R2(L) 1
−4
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x −5
−1
−6
−2
R(L)
−3
Exercise 15C
−4 1 y52
2 They are the same
8 a, b 3 y
y 4
6
3
5 2 L
4 1
3
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
2 J −1
−2 M(L)
1
−3
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x −4
−1
−5
−2
H(J) −6
−3
−4 4 y
4
8 c y 3
6 J and R2(J) R(J)
2
5 1
4
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
3 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x=2
2 H2(J)
−2
1 −3
−4
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x
−1 −5
−2 −6
−3 19
5 f Translation a
0
b
−4 3
6 mirror line y 5 4x
7 a (21, 1)
9 a, b, c
b A (1, 1) S P(21, 1)
y c B(4, 6) S Q(24, 6), C(2, 5) S R (22, 5)
6 d (x, y) S (2x, y)
5 8 a (5, 1), (2, 6), (4, 5) b (1, 5), (4, 0), (2, 1) c (4, 4), (21, 1), (0, 3)
4 9 a yes
R(L) 3 10 y 5 x 1 5
11 y 5 2
2 12 a Translation b a 40 b
1 2
A 13 a Yes b a b
0
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x c The magnitude of the vector is twice the distance between the lines
−1 of reflection
−2 Q(L) 8
14 a a b
0
−3
−4

Exercise 15D Exercise 15F
1 1 a Similar
b Similar
2 a i angle OQP ii angle AOB iii AB iv OB
A
b Yes, the angles are the same.
B Exercise 15G
C 1 a 16 cm
b 8 cm
2 a a 5 9 cm, b 5 12 cm
b c 5 2.25 cm, d 5 3 cm
c e 5 13.3 cm, f 5 8.3 cm
Exercise 15H
D 1 a y
5
2 Diagram as in Question 1, but with shapes enlarged by scale factor 3. 4
A B
3 a A: 6 square units, B: 4 square units, C: 6 square units, 3
D: 10 square units 2
b 24, 16, 24, 40 square units
c Multiplied by 4 1
d Multiplied by 9
−1 0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6
Exercise 15E
1 a OQ is twice as long as OP
b y
b 3 3 2, 6 3 4 6
c It doubles the lengths 5
B
2 a 3 4
b SF 5 3SC
3
c 9 units A
d 4 units 2
3 a Yes 1
b (0, 2)
c 2 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
4 c (4, 2), (8, 2), (8, 4)
5 c (3, 2), (21, 4), (21, 2) c y
6 a (8, 2)
2 6
b Translation a 04 b
5
4
c Translation a b 4
0
B
7 a 3 3
b 9 cm
2
c 9 cm A
d 15 cm 1
8 b
E′ −1 0 1 2 3 4x
−1
d y
4
B
E 3
B′ C′ 2
1
B C
−4 −3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3x
A D 1
A −2
−3
c
E″ e y A
6
5
4
E 3
B″ C″ 2
1
B C
−4 −3 −2 −1
−
0
1 1 2 3 4x
A D B −2
d they are congruent
152 Answers
2 c y 5 2x 3 y
4 a Yes b i 90° ii 90°, yes 6
5 centre (7, 5) angle 90° direction anticlockwise 5
6 Enlargement, centre (6, 4) scale factor 3 S(A) 4
7 Translation, vector 3
a2 b A
4 3
1
2
2
8 a y54 b x52 c y5 12 d y5x e y5 x
1
9 Enlargement scale factor 2 , centre (0, 5) 1
2
1
10 Translation, vector a b
4 0
11 Enlargement, centre (22, 3) scale factor 2 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2−1−
1 1 2 3 4 5 6x
12 a y −2
9 −3
8 B′
7 −4
A′
6 −5
5 S2(A) −6
4 B
3 4 b i
C
2 y
1 A C′ 6 C
5
−4 −3 −2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
−1 D′ 4 D
−2
3
−3
B′ 2 B
c (3, 2) d 90° e 90° anticlockwise 1
A′ A
5
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0 x
13 Translation, vector a b
0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−2
Exercise 15I −3
1 Translation 4
a b −4
0
2 Reflection in x 5 4
b ii
3 b (3, 1) c (8, 6)
y
Consolidation Exercise 15 6 C
5
1 a (23, 25), (21, 24), (21, 21) b (23, 1), (21, 2), (21, 5)
c (2, 1), (4, 2), (4, 5)
4 D
2 a, b 3
y 2 B
6 1
A
5 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
B′ D C 1 2 3 4A′ 5 6 7 8
4
−2 B′
C′ 3 −3
D′ 2 −4
A B D′
1 −5
A′ E C′
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
1 b iii
y
c y C′ 6 C
6 5
5 4 D' D
D C 3
4
3 B′ 2 B
2 A B 1
A′ A
1 x
E −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
−5 −4 −3 −2−1−
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x −2
B′1 A′ 1−2
−3
−4
−3
−5
−4
C′1 D′1
5 enlargement centre (1, 21) scale factor 2

6 y 14 a
14 C′ b iii
13 y
8
12
7
11
6
10 C B′
5
9
4
8 B′
C 3
7 A″ C″
2
6 A′
1
5 A B A′ C′
4 B −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
−1
3 −2
A
2 −3 B″
1
−4
−2 −1 0 x −5
1 2 3 4 5
−6
7 A 5 30°, C 5 70°, BC 5 5.1 cm; L 5 80°, KL 5 9.5 cm; Y 5 80°,
Z 5 70°, XZ 5 10 cm c No, the translation isn’t parallel to the line of reflection
8 y 5 2x 15 rotation 90° anticlockwise about (21, 1)
16 a i Corners will be A9(1, 8), B9(7, 5), C9(4, 2)
9 y
6 ii Corners will be A9(9, 21), B9(8, 1), C9(7, 0)
C″ iii Corners will be A9(21, 23), B9(22, 21), C9(23, 22)
5
A″ b For i, enlargement scale factor 3, centre (20.5, 21). For ii and iii,
4 none.
C
3 17 a P0(1, 24), Q0(0, 25), R0(0, 27), S0(1, 27)
B″ b P0(0, 0), Q0(1, 21), R0(3, 21), S0(3, 0)
2 A
c P0(2, 2), Q0(1, 3), R0(1, 5), S0(2, 5)
1 18 a A9 (5, 22), B9(9, 23), C9(9, 25)
B
b yes
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
C′ −2 Check out
A′ −3
1 a (3, 3), (5, 3), (5, 5), (3, 5)
b (24, 26), (22, 26), (22, 24), (24, 24)
−4 2 a (6, 3) b y 5 2x
B′ 3 y
Y 7
2
4 5 4
d i a
2
b ii a b
5
iii a2 b
2
10 x 5 12, y 5 9 Z6
11 a X9(22, 21), Y9(22, 22), Z9(23, 23)
5
b X9(20.5, 1.1), Y9(21, 0.3), Z9(22.4, 20.1) 4
c X9(21.7, 1.7), Y9(22.4, 1), Z9(23.8, 1)
X 3
d X9(7.1, 0.7), Y9(8.1, 0.9), Z9(9.3, 0.1) 2
12 a P9(24, 22), Q9(23, 0), R9(22, 21) 1
b P9(3, 6), Q9(2, 4), R9(1, 5)
c P9(7, 8), Q9(6, 6), R9(5, 7) 0
d P9(3, 24), Q9(1, 23), R9(2, 22)
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
13 a, b −2
−3
y X′
6 −4
C′ C −5
5 Z′
−6 Y′
4
A′ A
3 4 y
2 4
B′ B
1 3
c
b 2 X
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x 1
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 x
c x 5 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−2 a
−3
−4
154 Answers
5 a y Exercise 16B
9 Z′ 1 $700
8 2 a $6.50 b $0.75 c $18.75
7 3 a $52 b $6 c $46
6 4 a $4.25 b $30.70
5 5 $41.40 profit
4 Z
Exercise 16C
3
X′ Y′ 1 a
2 Item Cost price Selling price Profit Percentage profit
1 X Y Shoes $80 $100 $20 25%
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 x
Table $600 $750 $150 25%
−4 −3 −2−1−
1 Stove $750 $1000 $250 1
−2 333 %
−3 Glass $5 $6 $1 20%
Mat $3 $6 $3 100%
b y Dish $7.50 $10 $2.50 1
333 %
13 Z′
12 b Item Cost price Selling price Loss Percentage Loss
11 Car $16000 $4000 $12000 75%
10
Camera $150 $120 $30 20%
9
Coat $200 $120 $80 40%
8
7 2 a 10% b 20% c 25%
6 3 a 12.5% b 25%
3
5 4 a $60 000 b 4 c 75%
Z
4 5 a 20% b 40% c 14%
3 X′ Y′
2 Exercise 16D
1 X Y
1 Profit as %
Item Cost price of cost price Selling price
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
Iron $70 25% $87.50
6 a 3 b x 5 24, y 5 27 Chair $240 15% $276
7 90° clockwise about (22, 3) Mug $3.60 10% $3.96
8 a ii (4, 2), (4, 6), (22, 1) iii (2, 2), (2, 6), (8, 1) Vase $48 8% $51.84
b i (4, 2), (0, 2), (5, 8) ii (2, 4), (6, 4), (1, 22)
Radio $220 9% $239.80
Chapter 16 2 $348
3 $1250
Check in 4 a $165 b $172.50
7 31 2
1 a i 70%, 10 ii 62%, 50 iii 8%, 25 5 a $43.20 b $70.20 c $10.26
b i 30%, 0.3 ii 35%, 0.35 iii 80%, 0.8 6 $21 000
6 3 17
c i 0.24, 25 ii 0.06, 50 iii 0.85, 20 7 a 10 cents b 2 cents c 8 cents
11 2 9 3 8 a $60 b $63.75
2 a 20 , 55% b 5, 40% c 20 , 45% d 10 , 30%
9 a $40 000 b $32 000
3 a 84 m b $83.20 c 2736 g d 32.8 cm2 10 a $16 384 b $29 524.50
Exercise 16A Exercise 16E
1 Table $45 profit, 4 Chairs $48 loss, Bed $75 profit, Fridge $274 profit, 1 a $10 b $68 c $41.20 d $72 e $5.60
Gas stove $323 loss
2 a $8.75 b $59.50 c $36.05 d $84 e $4.48
2 Cost price Selling price Profit 3 a take off 10% b yes c $48.60
$3.00 $5.00 $2.00 4 a $184.50 b $75.74 c $177.16 d $830.70
$1.50 $3.00 $1.50 e $273.15 f $374.43
5 a $60.45 b $59.15
$5.00 $6.40 $1.40
6 a Blouse $2766, Trousers $1237.50, Total $9133.50
$3.00 $3.00 $0 b 4th February 2013 c $8220.15
$5.00 $6.20 $1.20
Exercise 16F
3 Cost price Selling price Loss 1 to encourage people into the shop who may buy non-sale items as
$4.00 $3.00 $1.00 well, to get rid of old stock, good advertising
3 Guitar $805.50, CD $ 4.95, table tennis bat $10.13, badminton racquet
$3.50 $3.25 $0.25
$68.85, camera $186.30, stereo $121.50
$1.00 $0.25 $0.75 4 Guitar $626.50, CD $ 3.85, table tennis bat $7.88, badminton racquet
$4.70 $3.50 $1.20 $53.55, camera $144.90, stereo $94.50
$13.50 $10.00 $3.50

4 a profit b add up all the profits and subtract all the losses and see if
the result is positive or negative

5 Item Usual price Sale price 2 a $2060 b From $2060 to $2100
3 a 540 g b $0.58
Shirt $46.50 $36.27
4 a $16 b $24 c $40
Vest $19.00 $14.82 5 a $816 b $824 c $840
Trousers $54.00 $42.12 6 a $451.50 b $462 c $493.50
Pair of socks $12.50 $9.75 7 a $2400 b $8400 c $1692 d $14 535
8 Principal Rate Time Interest
Belt $14.50 $11.31
$6000 11% 4 years $2640
Exercise 16G $3500 10% 3 years $1050
1 a 30% b 25% c 25% d 12.5% e 10% $9575 7.5% 6 years $4308.75
2 12 albums
9 a Just over 3 and a half years (3.6 years)
3 600 ml container
b Nearly 6 years (5.9 years)
4 $66
10 a Cost price Selling price Percentage profit
Exercise 16H $130 $156 20
1 a $20 b $40 c $14
$2.50 $2.70 8
2 a $220 b $240 c $214
3 a $15 b $75 c $750 $482 $843.50 75
4 a $6 b $8 c $10 $24 $48 100
5 a $52 b $208 c $260 d $520 b
e $10 400 f $52 000 Cost price Selling price Percentage loss
6 $2800 $86 $73.10 15
7 a $800 b $1600 c $4000 $4200 $4074 3
8 a $20 b $40 c $100
$50 $25 50
9 $6960
10 a $120 b $300 c $300 d $720 e $1215 $140 $100.80 28
11 a $2000 b 8% c 3 years d $700 e 3% 11 a $92 b $402.50 c $7.36 d $4.03 e $2.65
f 8 years f $3.22 g $112.70 h $250.70
12 10 years
13 a $25 b 5% 12 a $60 b $810
13 35%
Exercise 16I 14 a gives the better return
1 a $40.25 b $799.25 c $414 d $143.75
2 a $58 000 b $81.20 c $184 d $46 Check out
3 a $153.78 b $33.79 c $250.48 1 a $25 000 loss b $60 profit
4 $1034 2 Item Cost price Percentage profit Selling price
5 16.5%
Stove $150 10 $165
6 $286.96
Computer $600 15 $690
Exercise 16J Clock $75 5 $78.75
2 a $55 000 b $13 750 c $101 250
3 a $1187.50 b $1223.13
3 a nothing b $135 000 c nothing
4 a $120 b 3 years
4 a $5000 b $38 750 c $2166.67
6 a 4% b 14% c 45% d 15%
5 a $48 000 b $96 000 c $8000 d $108 000
6 a $38 500 b $5700 c $42 800
7 a $8000 b $62 000 c $83 000
Chapter 17
Exercise 16K Check in
1 20% 2 15% 3 25% 1 a 225 cm2 b 216 m2 c 135 m2
4 40% 5 40% 6 10% 2 a circumference b double it c halve it
7 85% 8 35% 9 22%
Chapter 17A
10 1% 11 6% 12 55%
13 20% 1 a i 19.6 cm2 ii 15.7 cm
14 a 45% b 76% c 19% d 120% b i 28.3 cm2 ii 18.8 cm
15 1100% c i 0.126 m2 ii 1.26 m
16 An 8% increase d i 38.5 cm2 ii 22.0 cm
2 a 23.6 cm, 88.4 cm2 b 9.42 cm, 28.3 cm2 c 37.7 cm, 150.8 cm2
Consolidation Exercise 16 3 a 1.26 cm, 2.51 cm2 b 15.3 cm, 53.5 cm2 c 49.5 cm, 223 cm2
1 4 a 4.8 cm b 6.92 cm2
Marked price 10% of marked price Sale price 5 a A 5 89.3 cm2 P 5 35.7 cm
$50 $5 $45 b A 5 25.6 cm2 P 5 18.8 cm
$80 $8 $72 c A 5 64.3 cm2 P 5 33.4 cm
d A 5 9.14 cm2 P 5 12.3 cm
$20 $2 $18
6 a 11.4 cm2 b 18.3 cm2 c 10.7 cm2
$250 $25 $225 d 186 cm2 e 28.3 cm2 f 56.5 cm2
$180 $18 $162 7 2001
8 25.6°
$30 $3 $27
9 a 3.46 m2 b i 2 ii $18.33
$10 $1 $9
156 Answers
Chapter 17B Chapter 18
1 a 90 cm3 b 30 cm3 c 12.5 cm3 d 105 cm3
2 a 26 cm2 b 78 cm3 Check in
3 a 12 cm b 8m 2
1 a 5 b 0.4 c 47% d only i and iii
4 a 200 cm3 b 202.5 cm3 2 a 0.61 b 0.65 c 0.25 d 0.92
5 a 88 cm2 b 17 600 cm3 3 a
13
b
5
c
1
d
7
20 8 5 10
6 125 cm3
7 12 cm Exercise 18A
8 a 172.8 cm3 b 202.5 cm3 1 a Dice 1
Chapter 17C 1 2 3 4
1 a 1130 cm3 b 176 cm3 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1
2 a i 181.0 cm3 ii 128.7 cm3
Dice 2
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2
b i 12 cm ii 6 cm
3 a 311 018 cm3 b 311 litres c 426 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3
4 a 628 cm3 b 72 cm3 c 556 cm3 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4
5 a 28.3 cm2 b 226 cm3 4 1 1
b 16 54 c 4
Chapter 17D 2 a First coin Second coin Outcome
1 a 96 cm2 b 92 cm2 c 810 mm2
2 a 408 cm2 b 120 m2 H HH
3 a i 314 cm2 ii 113 cm2 iii 565 cm2 H
b i 471 cm2 ii 170 cm2 iii 919 cm2
T HT
5 a 12.3 m2 b 1.1 litres
Consolidation Exercise 17 H TH
1 a i 136 m ii 1204 m2 T
b i 190 cm ii 438 cm2 T TT
c i 26.5 cm ii 39.4 cm2 1 1
d i 17.2 cm ii 15.7 cm2 b 4 c 4
1
e i 28.9 cm ii 41.9 cm2 3 4
2 132 cm3 4 a Dice 1
3 a
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5cm
Dice 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3cm
10cm 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4cm 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
b 60 cm
4 a 63.6 m2 b 113 m 2
c 49.5 m2
b i
5
ii
1
iii
1
36 36 18
5 a 252 cm3 b 308.4 cm2 5 7
6 a 6.28 cm3 b 1539 cm3 c 942 mm3 d 0.0707 m3 c 7 d 18 e 12 f yes
7 a 176.4 cm3 b 3695 cm3 5 0.38
8 a 517.5 m3 b 432.5 m2 6 a
Mrs Boyd’s blouses
9 a r 5 1, h 5 0.2 b 62.8 cm3
Blue White Red
10 20
Mr Wood’s shirts
11 a 68.2 cm2 b 2047 cm 3 Blue BB BW BR

12 35.75 m3 Purple PB PW PR
13 a 132 cm b 1500
White WB WW WR
14 17.5 cm
15 a 15 m2 b 10 Green GB GW GR
16 a 77.0 mm b 231 mm c 257 mm 1 1 5
17 a 2m b 4s b i 12 ii 12 iii 6
18 a 86394 cm3 b 0.0864 m3 7 Spinner 1
19 6 cm
20 78.5 cm2 1 2 3 4 5
21 12.5 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4 5 6 7
Check out 3 4 5 6 7 8
Spinner 2
1 a i 10.5 cm ii 52.4 cm2 iii 30.5 cm 4 5 6 7 8 9

b 50.3 cm2, 28.6 cm
5 6 7 8 9 10
2 b is a prism
3 972 m3 6 7 8 9 10 11
4 1176 cm2 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 603 cm2 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 3 3
a 13 b 40 c 10 d 20 e 40

8 a 1 1
HAT CAP OUTCOME b i 12 ii 6
C HC 5 a i 0.45 ii 0.48
b i 0.325 ii 0.25
H A HA c Both have 0.15 chance of a battery life of more than 8 hours so
P HP either could be chosen (although the results for laptop B are more
reliable as there is a larger sample size)
C AC Check out
7
A A AA 1 20
2
P AP Letter
H E N
C TC 1 H1 E1 N1
Spinner
T A TA 2 H2 E2 N2
3 H3 E3 N3
P TP
b i
1
ii
4
iii
5 1 H1
9 9 9
1
9 a 6 H 2 H2
b Diagram with red 5 90°, green 5 60°, blue 5 150°, white 5 60°
c because the probabilities add up to more than 1 3 H3
3
10 5
1 E1
Exercise 18B
1 a 0.23 b 0.1125 c 0.8875 d 0.29 E 2 E2
2 The dice might be biased but there are too few trials to be sure
3 a i 0.256 ii 0.388 iii 0.848 3 E3
b vanilla
c cannot tell because the ‘Other’ column does not give details
of the flavours 1 N1
4 a 50 b no it is unlikely they will all actually equal 50 N 2 N2
c biased as the results for 1 and 5 are a lot higher and lower,
respectively, than 50 3 N3
5 a 0.54 b 0.42 c part b as it is based on more
experiments 3 a 0.34 b 0.46
6 Colour Blue Red Green
Review C
Expect out of 50 20 13 17 1 a $80.75 $27.60 $10.35
b $92.86, $31.74, $11.90
Consolidation Exercise 18 2 a y
1 a Blue card 8
1 2 3 4 5 7
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 6
5
Red card
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5
4
6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5
3
8 8, 1 8, 2 8, 3 8, 4 8, 5 2
b i
1
ii
1
iii 0 1
20 20
2 a 0.4 b 0.19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
c b is more reliable as it is based on more data
3 a 0.36 b 0.54 c 0.9 b $92.86, $31.74, $11.90 c y582x
4 a A1 3 a a 4:7
1 b 7:5
A 2 A2 c 6:5:8
4 a 90
3 A3
80
1 B1 70
B 2 B2 60
3 B3 50
Fee ($)
1 C1 40
C 2 C2 30
3 20
C3
10
1 D1
0
D 2 D2 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of hours
3 D3
b 15, the charge is $15 per hour
158 Answers
c 10, the call out fee is $10 17 • reflection – give the equation of the mirror line
d No, the line does not pass through the origin • rotation – give the angle and direction of the rotation and the
5 a 3m b 28.3 m2 c 94.2 m2 d 56.5 m3 coordinates of the centre of rotation.
6 36% • translation – give the vector
7 1050 ml blue, 600 ml red • enlargement – give the coordinates of the centre of enlargement
and the scale factor of the enlargement
3 7 22 5 3
8 a i y 5 2x 2 2 ii y 5 3x 1 3 iii y 5 2 x 2 4 18 a $11 025 b $4593.75 c $14 700
3 7 2 5 3
b i m 5 2 , c 5 22 ii m 5 23 , c 5 3 iii m 5 2 , c 5 2 4 19 a translation through vector
1
a b
1
c i and iii are parallel
2
d ii is perpendicular to i and iii b translation through vector a b
1
e y 22
a b
6 c translation through vector 21
5 i 20
7
ii 40
4 iii 21 a 3 : 10 b 5:6 c 6 : 5 : 14
3 22 814 cm2
23 a $45 000 b $40 500 c $36 450
2
24 a y
1 7
x 6
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 5
1
−2 4
Q
−3 3
2
−4 P
1
−5
−10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516x
−2
9 −3
Usual price Discount Sale price
$400 15% $340 b enlargement centre (3, 0) scale factor 2
25 45%
$275 8% $253
26 a Letter 1
1
$1995 72 % $1845.38
1
B O O K S
$3085 52 % $2915.33
W BW OW OW KW SW
Letter 2
10 a rotation 90° clockwise about (3, 1) O BO OO OO KO SO

b rotation 180° about (0, 0)
c rotation 180° about (5, 3) R BR OR OR KR SR
11 a Coin Spinner Outcome K BK OK OK KK SK
1 1
b i ii
1 H1 20 10
27 a €156 b $500
H 2 H2 28 a $51 750 b $48 127.50 c $41 400
3 H3 29 a to d
y
1 T1 4
T 2 T2 3
3 T3 2
b i
1
6 ii
1
3
1
12 a $28 and $98
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3x
b 60 g and 100 g −1
c 20 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm
−2
13 a y
−3
5
−4
4
e H f 2
3 30 3142 cm3
T′′ 31 a y
2 6
5
1 4
T 3
2
−
2 1 0
−
1 2 3 4 T′ 5 6 x 1
−
1
−3 −2−1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112x
b rotation 180° centre (0, 1.5) 1
−2
14 a 3 b 9 c they are equal
−3
15 a 200 cm3 b 243 cm2
−4
1x 1 52 23
16 a f 21 1 x 2 5 7 b f 21 1 18 2 5 7 x 5 2, y 5 1
b y 38 a y
6 6
5 5 R′
Q′
4 4
3 3 R Q
2 2
1 1 P P′
−3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x −3 −2 −1−0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
1 1
−2 −2
−3 −3
−4 −4
x 5 4, y 5 3 b (0, 1) c Angles are the same, sides are twice as long

c y 39 a cube b 1 cm3, 1000 mm3 c 1 cm3 5 1000 mm3
40 54%
10
41 a x 5 2 90
8
y 35 14 630
6 b x 2 15 7.5
4 y 32 240 120
2 42 y
12 b
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x 10
−2
8 a
−4
6
x 5 10, y 5 10
d y 4
6 2
4
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
2
x 1x 2 12 x
43 a 2 b x15 c 3 d 7 13
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 x 44 a $138 b $517.50
−2 45
Transformation
−4 Rotation Enlargement Translation Reflection
−6 Object and Congruent Similar Congruent Congruent
image are
−8
Side lengths ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓
−10
preserved
Angles ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
−12 preserved
−14 46 a 6 : 7 b 19 : 2 c 312 : 23 d 1:3

47 a, b y
−16
4
−18 B′′
b 3
C′′ C
2
2 2
x 5 4, y 5 15
32 Item Cost Price Selling price Profit or loss Percentage A′′ E
profit or loss 1
B′ A′ D B
Book $4 $6 Profit 50%
A x
Book mark $0.30 $0.54 Profit 80%
−
4 −
3 −
2 −
1− 0 1 2 3
1
Game $16 $12 Loss 25% a −
Audio book $12 $15 Profit 25% 2
C′
−
33 276 3
34 a i $624 ii $780 iii $5200 iv $14820 v $85.28 −
4
b i $672, $840, $5600, $15960, $91.80
ii $792, $990, $6600, $18810, $108.24
c Rotate 90° anticlockwise about (21, 0)
35 a A9 5 (21, 4), B9 5 (23, 3), C9 5 (21, 25), D9 5 (1, 3)
48 64.3 cm
b A9 5 (24, 21), B9 5 (23, 23), C9 5 (5, 21), D9 5 (23, 1)
36 140
x
37 y 5 1 7
2
160 Answers
49 a Distance from home in km (d) Time of journey in hours (t) Chapter 19
17 1
Check in
19 2
1 a 4x b 3x2 2 3y2 c 7ab 2 4b
21 3 2 a x55 b x 5 21 c x51
23 4
25 5 Exercise 19A
1 a x 0 1 2 3
37 11 2
3 2
2 2
1
2
b gradient 2, travel at a speed of 2 km/h x 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
c intercept is 15, start at a distance 15 km from home 13 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
d d 5 2t 1 15 y 12 7 4 3 4 7 12
50 a 0.46 b 0.08
51 a y b, c Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 3) and does not cross
the x-axis.
8
Y′ d (0, 3)
7 2
6 x 2
3 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
5 X′
y 10 5 2 1 2 5 10
4
3 Y
Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 1) and does not cross
Z′ the x-axis.
2 3
1 Z x 2
3 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
y 11 6 3 2 3 6 11
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12x Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 2) and does not cross
−2 X
the x-axis.
−3 4 x 2
3 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3
−4
y 5 0 2
3 2
4 2
3 0 5
b reflection in line y 5 8 2 x 2
52 a y 5 2.5x c i 17.5 ii 17 Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 4) and does not cross
the x-axis.
53 1 H1 5 x 2
2 2
1 0 1 2 3 4
2 H2 2
x 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
H 3 H3 2 5 6 5 2
y 5 6 2 x2 2
3 2
10
4 H4 Upside-down parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 6) and crosses
5 H5 the x-axis at (22.4, 0) and (2.4, 0).
The graph is inverted (a dome rather than a trough)
1 T1 6 a x 2 2 2 0 1 2 3
3 2 1
2 T2 x2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
T 3 T3 2
3x 9 6 3 0 2
3 2
6 2
9
4 T4 y 18 10 4 0 2
2 2
2 0
5 T5 b Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 0) and crosses the x-axis
1 1 4 at (0, 0) and (3, 0).
a 10 b 5 c 5
c (0, 0) and (3, 0)
54 a a 1 (n – 1) d b 7n 1 10 c 150 d 32nd
55 a A95 (2, 2), B9 5 (4, 4,), C9 5 (4, 8) Exercise 19B
b A9 5 (1, 2), B9 5 (3, 4), C9 5 (3, 8)
1 a 2x2 1 13x 1 20 b 6x2 1 19x 1 10
c A9 5 (1, 1), B9 5 (4, 4), C9 5 (4, 10)
c a2 1 b2 1 2ab
56 Amanda $72, Donna $126
2 a 2x2 1 21x 1 27
57 y b 12x2 1 26x 1 10
6 c 15x2 2 37x 2 8
5
y = 2x + 1 d 24x2 2 26x 1 6
4 e 70x2 1 73x 2 8
3 f 48x2 2 130x 1 77
2 5 ac 1 bc 1 ad 1 bd
1 6 a Yes b Yes
7 a 2pr 1 6ps 1 qr 1 3qs b 2ac 1 ad 1 6bc 1 3bd
−3 −2 −1− 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
1 c 18x 1 15mx 1 6y 1 5my d 2lp 1 2mp 1 5lq 1 5mq
−2 e 20ac 1 5ad 1 4bc 1 bd f xp 1 7qx 1 3py 1 21qy
−3 y = −2x − 1
−4 Exercise 19C
2 a 1681 b 2601 c 529 d 5184
58 a A9(22, 1) B9(0, 21) C9(3, 2) 4 a 1521 b 2401 c 729 d 4624
b A9(23, 2) B9(21, 0) C9(2, 3) 6 a 55 b 640
c A9(21, 4) B9(1, 2) C9(4, 5) 7 a 121 b 1000
d A9(25, 4) B9(23, 2) C9(0, 5)
8 a 441 b 2704 c 841 d 5929
e A9(21, 22) B9(1, 24) C9(4, 21)
f A9(25, 22) B9(23, 24) C9(0, 21) 9 a 40 b 160 c 7800 d 460 e 1720 f 3420
59 26.8 cm2, 23.2 cm 10 a 14 b 62 c 4.8 d 18.8 e 28.6 f 54
g 3.2 h 65.8
60 a 1215, 405, 135, 45, 15 b 7, 11, 15, 19, 23

Exercise 19D Exercise 19H
1 a (p 2 q)(p 1 q) b (l 2 m)(l 1 m) 1 x(x 1 10) 5 56, 4 cm and 14 cm
c (p 2 2q)(p 1 2q) d (3l 2 m)(3l 1 m) 2 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm
e (3p 2 2q)(3p 1 2q) f (4l 2 3m)(4l 1 3m)
3 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm
2 a (x 2 y)(x 1 y) b (s 2 t)(s 1 t)
c (2a 2 b)(2a 1 b) d (l 2 3m)(l 1 3m) 4 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm
e (4a 2 b)(4a 1 b) f (p 2 5q)(p 1 5q) 5 5 and 7
g (4a 2 5b)(4a 1 5b) h (7p 2 4q)(7p 1 4q) 6 4, 5, 6
3 a (b 2 c)(b 1 c) b (9x 2 y)(9x 1 y) 7 5, 6, 7
c (p 2 10q)(p 1 10q) d (10a 2 9b)(10a 1 9b) 8 50 km/h
e (xy 2 z)(xy 1 z) f (a 2 bc)(a 1 bc)
g (2p 2 qr)(2p 1 qr) h (3lm 2 n2)(3lm 1 n2) Consolidation Exercise 19
4 a 5 cm b 24 cm c 40 cm
1 a Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 5) and does not cross
5 a 60 cm b 84 cm c 3.6 cm d 2.97 cm the x-axis.
6 a 14 cm2 b 128 cm2 c 40.32 cm2 b Upside-down parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 8) and
crosses the x-axis at (22.8, 0) and (2.8, 0).
Exercise 19E c Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 4) and does not cross
1 a (x 1 6)( x 1 1) b (x 1 1)( x 1 15) c (x 1 5)(x 1 3) the x-axis.
d (x 1 5)(x 1 4) e (x 1 3)(x 1 2)
2 a x 1 5x 1 6 b x 2 8x 1 7
2 a (x 2 2)(x 2 4) b (x 2 3)(x 2 5) c (x 2 1)(x 2 4) c 2x2 2 12x 2 54 d 8x2 1 26x 2 24
d (x 2 8)(x 2 1) e (x 2 3)(x 2 3) f (x 2 2)(x 2 3)
3 a (x 2 y)(x 1 y) b (6x 2 y)(6x 1 y)
3 a (x 1 11)(x 2 1) b (x 1 7)(x 2 3) c (x 2 7)(x 1 5) c (p 2 3q)(p 1 3q) d (2p 2 q2)(2p 1 q2)
d (x 1 3)(x 2 7) e (x 1 2)(x 1 30) f (x 1 1)(x 2 2)
4 a (x 1 1)(x 1 3) b (x 2 1)(x 2 3)
4 a (x 1 11)(x 2 2) b (x 1 6)(x 2 2) c (x 1 17)(x 2 1) c (x 2 3)(x 1 1) d (x 2 1)(x 1 3)
d (x 1 3)(x 2 11) e (x 1 3)(x 2 8) f (x 1 7)(x 2 7)
5 a 2, 3 b 1, 4 c 22, 5 d 212 ,3
Exercise 19F 6 a x2 1 5x 1 6 b x2 1 8x 1 15
c x2 1 x 2 12 d x2 2 2x 2 15
1 a (3x 1 1)(x 1 4) b (5x 1 2)(x 1 1) c (3x 1 1)(2x 1 3) e x 2 7x 1 12 f x29
d (3x 2 1)(2x 1 4) e (5x 1 3)(3x 1 4) f (2x 2 4)(3x 1 1) g 2x 1 3x 2 2 h 4x2 2 1
2 a (3x 1 1)(5x 1 1) b (11x 1 1)(x 1 1) c (12x 2 1)(2x 1 1) i 6x2 2 5x 2 6 j 12x2 1 13x 2 4
d (2x 1 1)(8x 2 1) e (6x 1 1)(5x 2 1) f (7x 2 1)(7x 2 1) k 9x2 2 15x 1 4 l 26x2 1 35x 2 49
7 a x 5 21 or 22 b x 5 1 or 6
Exercise 19G c x 5 2 or 5 d x 5 22 or 25
1 a 3 and 4 b 5 and 6 c 5 and 22 d 2 and 25 8 a (x 2 a)(x 1 a)
e 24 and 7 f 26 and 3 b i 9800 ii 996 004 iii 99 940 009
2 a 3 and 4 b 25 and 2 c 2
2 and 29 d 1
2 and 3 9 a i (9 2 5r)(9 1 5r) ii (4x 2 5)(3x 2 2) iii (a 1 b)(1 2 c)
e 14 and 15 f 0 and 3 g 1
7 and 14 h 3
2 and 23 b 22.5 or 1
10 8, 10
3 a 1 and 5 b 4 and 6 c 7 and 8 d 2 and 4
e 4 and 8 f 4 and 5
4 a 2 and 5 b 3 and 4 c 3 and 7
Check out
d 6 and 7 e 4 and 9 f 2 1 a Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 23) and crosses the x-axis
2 2
at (1.7, 0) and (21.7, 0).
1 1 2 4
5 a 23 and 7 b 3 and 24 c 0 and 3 d 7 and 3 b Parabola which crosses the y-axis at (0, 0) and crosses the x-axis at
2
e 5 and 2 f 4 and 3
1
(22, 0) and (0, 0).
6 a 21 and 8 b 2
5 and 3 c 3 and 12 d 1
5 and 1
2
2 a x2 1 5x 1 6
5 7 2 3 4
e 1 and 3 f 1 and 5 g 3 and 2 h 7 and 2 b x2 2 4x 1 4
2 2 2
i 4
1
and 13 j 18
5 and 1 k 1
3 l 5
2 c 2x2 1 9x 2 5
2
1 5
d x2 2 8x 1 16
m and 1 n
9 2 e 9x2 2 30x 1 25
7 a 2 b 1 c 3 d 5 3 a (x 1 3)(x 1 1)
e 24 f 26 g 22 h 23 b (x 1 13)(x 21)
2
i 12 j 31 c (x 2 5)(x 2 5)
8 a 24 and 23 b 27 and 2 c 2
3 and 22 d (2x 2 3)(x 1 4)
d 21 and 9 e 26 and 21 f 2
4 and 6 e (10m 2 7)(10m 1 7)
2
1 1
9 a 26 and 3 b 27 and 7 c 2
5 and 4 4 a x 5 21 or 22 b x54 c x5 3 or 2
d 11 and 28 e 4 and 215 f 2
11 and 210
10 b 22 and 21
162 Answers

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Answers to Student Book 3 Exercise 1C

Exercise 3A Front Side

10 a cube b cylinder c triangular prism

Answers to Student Book 3 125

4 a 063° b 2.2 km c 310°

Answers to Student Book 3 127

7 a 4000 m2 b 52 km2 c 21 000m2 d 0.37 km2 Exercise 6B

Answers to Student Book 3 129

4 a 0.00466 b 0.02 c 0.00022 d 0.40

Answers to Student Book 3 131

Answers to Student Book 3 133

Check in Investigation page 134

Answers to Student Book 3 135

8 a 50° b 45° c 90° d 81° e 60° f 30°

8 a 12.5 km/litre b 8 litres/100 km

(e.g. things you count), continuous data takes all values 6

20 4 a KMA School Highfield Academy

80 1 Always true d, f, i; Sometimes true b, c, e; False a, g, h

Cario, Egypt b, d 100

Height above sea level (metres)

Month c supports e 89.5° f 6000 m

9 a might be positive correlation as the more letters in the name the

Answers to Student Book 3 141

30 Class B mean 5 25.2, median 5 27, there are several modes so

3 a 5:8 b 2:3 c 4:5 d 4:1:3

54 5.83 m 3 a €21.60 b $400

Answers to Student Book 3 143

Check out −10

Answers to Student Book 3 145

Investigation page 225

Length of spring (cm)

b 20 cm, it is the length with no weight

b They are the same

Function f(x) 5 2x f(x) 5 x 2 2 f(x) 5 3x 1 2 f(x) 5 1 2 x

Answers to Student Book 3 149

7 y 5 4.5x is a straight line of gradient 4.5 passing through the origin 11 a a2 b

Answers to Student Book 3 151

d they are congruent

Answers to Student Book 3 153

$13.50 $10.00 $3.50

Answers to Student Book 3 155

11 a 68.2 cm2 b 2047 cm 3 Blue BB BW BR

1 a i 10.5 cm ii 52.4 cm2 iii 30.5 cm 4 5 6 7 8 9

Answers to Student Book 3 157

10 a rotation 90° clockwise about (3, 1) O BO OO OO KO SO

x 5 4, y 5 3 b (0, 1) c Angles are the same, sides are twice as long

−14 46 a 6 : 7 b 19 : 2 c 312 : 23 d 1:3

Answers to Student Book 3 161

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