P530/1

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
JULY / AUG 2014
2 ½ HOURS

JOMINABE MOCK EXAMINATIONS - 2014

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
BIOLOGY
P530/1
Paper 1

2 Hours 30 Minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Answer all questions in both sections A and B.
Answers to section A must be written in the box against each question.
Answers to section B must be written in the spaces provided.

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 SECTION A:

1. In a unit membrane cholesterol is found

A. attached to glycoprotein
B. between the lipid molecules
C. attached to membrane glycolipids
D. binded to membrane proteins.

2. The products of the first meiotic division are two

A. identical cells each with a diploid chromosome number
B. identical cells each with a haploid chromosome number
C. non-identical cells each with a haploid chromosome number
D. non-identical cells each with a diploid chromosome number.

3. The tissue making up the intercalated discs has the properties of being
A. compressible and elastic
B. incompressible and inelastic
C. strong and flexible
D. strong and inelastic.

4. Which of the following makes chitin a disadvantageous component of the arthropod skeleton
in the terrestrial environment?
A. toughness B. lightness
C. flexibility D. permeability to water.

5. The cells which make up the largest component of the white blood cells are
A. neutrophils B. lymphocytes
C. monocytes D. eosinophilis

6. During translation amino acids are attached to the tRNA by their

A. codons B. amino acids
C. carboxyl groups D. anticodons.

7. Which of the following is TRUE about the carriage of respiratory gases by blood in humans?
A. as oxygen level increases less oxygen combines with haemoglobin
B. as blood pH increases more oxygen combines with haemoglobin
C. as blood pH decreases, haemoglobin releases less oxygen to the tissues.
D. maternal haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than foetal haemoglobin

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8. Birds are more tolerant of high altitude than mammals because of the following EXCEPT
A. the respiratory system has greater effectiveness
B. have exceptional tolerance to alkalis
C. ability to maintain a large Bohr’s effect
D. maintain a normal blood flow to the brain at low partial pressure of carbondioxide

9. Which of these combinations would result in more energy being fixed by chloroplasts for
photosynthesis?
A. high light intensity of long wave length
B. low light intensity of long wave length
C. high light intensity of short wave length
D. low light intensity of short wave length.

10. Which of these is the reason why accessory pigments are important in photosynthesis?
They absorb light of
A. higher wavelength than chlorophyll
B. shorter wavelength than chlorophyll
C. of different wavelengths hence increases the range from which plants can obtain energy
D. the same wavelength as chlorophyll thereby increases energy fixed for photosynthesis.

11. During excretion in insects, which of the following enter the malpighian tubules passively?
A. K+ and Na+ B. Carbondioxide and water
C. salts and water D. uric acid and ammonia.

12. An almost universal cost of group living in animals is

A. increased risk of predation
B. interference with foraging
C. poorer access to mates
D. higher exposure to disease and parasites.

13. Green leaves in the light appear not to respire since they take in carbondioxide instead of
releasing it. This is because respiratory carbondioxide is
A. stored in mesophyll cells
B. immediately fixed by Ribulose biphosphate
C. not produced during the city
D. is used in stomata opening.

14. Cyclic photophosphorylation is likely to be the only operating path way in a cell where there is
A. low NAPD+ B. high NADP+
C. low NADH+ D. high NADPH2
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15. Fig.1 shows the effect of starvation on food stores of the human body.

10
Proteins
Quantities of food

6
stuffs in kg

Lipids
4

2
Carbohydrates

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks of starvation

From the figure it can be concluded that

A. proteins are used most during starvation
B. fats are used most during starvation
C. carbohydrates are used most during starvation
D. fats are used most when proteins are exhausted.

16. The enzyme which activates trypsin during protein digestion is

A. trypsinogen B. peptidase
C. enterokinase D. rennin

17. Which of these wave lengths have the largest amount of energy for photosynthesis?
A. 450mm B. 550mm
C. 650mm D. 750mm

18. The non-enzymatic components of intestinal juice are secreted by the cells in
A. brunner’s glands B. crypts of lieberkuhn
C. gastric glands D. walls of the ileum.

19. Urine is produced with minimum or no filtration in

A. marine invertebrates B. aquatic fish
C. terrestrial mammals D. fresh water bony fish.

20. Which of these would offer best solution to water conservation in a desert mammal?
A. storing fat B. concentrated urine with area
C. dry scaly skin D. thick body fur

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21. A mammal has elongated flexible limbs, with foot pads and claws. Such an animal is adapted
to a mode of locomotion involving
A. walking and running B. climbing and swinging
C. jumping and leaping D. climbing and leaping

22. In which of these insects is the wing beat synchronized with the rate of impulse generation?
A. fruit fly B. bee
C. housefly D. butterfly

23. During burrowing, to exert a powerful thrust against the substratum to achieve forward
locomotion, an earthworm in the region of contraction
A. swells and chaetae are extended
B. swells and chaetae are withdrawn
C. elongated and chaetae are extended
D. elongated and chaetae are withdrawn.

24. The type of learning that enables adult animals to recognize their own offspring is
A. insight B. habituation
C. imprinting D. conditioning.

25. The following is TRUE about the location of function of chlorinergie synapses EXCEPT
A. the motor endplate where they cause muscle contraction
B. all preganglionic nerves of the autonomic nervous system where they cause inhibition
C. all preganglionic nerves of the automatic nervous system where they cause excitation
D. all postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system where they inhibit responses.

26. In the mammalian eye, the cells that enhance information about contrast are
A. rods B. cones
C. bipolar nerves D. horizontal cells

27. The promotion of flowering by exposure to low temperatures for a period of time is known as
A. thermo tropism B. dominance
C. venalisation D. photoperiodism

28. During spermatogenesis increase in the level of testosterone to excess proportions

A. stimulates the growth of the germinal epithelium
B. Cause spermatogonia to develop into spermatozaoa
C. inhibits the secretion of gonadotrophins
D. stimulates the secretion of gonadotrophins.

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29. Which of the following is NOT a function of semen?
A. neutralizing the acid medium of the vagina
B. activation of spermatozoa
C. destruction of bacteria in the urethral tract
D. nourishing the sperms.

30. Which of the following is TRUE during fertilization in man?

A. sperms meet the ovum in the ovary
B. ovum completes oogenesis immediately after fertilization
C. ovum completes oogenesis immediately before fertilization
D. only the egg nucleus and sperm nucleus fuse to a zygote.

31. One evolutionary advantage of an alternation of generations in an organism’s life cycle is that
A. the asexual phases ensure increased opportunity to produce adapted large number of
similar offspring.
B. the sexual phase ensures that some of the offsprings are better adapted to new
environmental conditions.
C. the organism copes better with adverse environmental conditions for survival.
D. the organisms can live comfortably in both favorable and unfavorable environments.

32. During development in birds the embryo grows in the

A. yolk sac B. allantois
C. amnion D. chorion

33. The hormone controlling the ovulation and lacteal phase of the human menstrual cycle is
A. luteinizing hormone B. progesterone
C. follicle stimulating hormone D. oestrogen

34. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of Meristematic tissues?

A. consist of small undifferentiated cells.
B. cells have dense cytoplasm and large nuclei.
C. cell divide mitotically to form more meristematic cells only.
D. cell divide to give rise to both meristematic and non-meristematic cells.

35. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during plant development following
germinations?
A. root shoot axis – 3 tissue system – seed formation fruit formation.
B. root shoot axis – 3 tissue system – fruit formation – seed formation.
C. 3 tissue system – root shoot axis – fruit formation – seed formation.
D. 3 tissue system – root shoot axis – fruit formation – seed formation.

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36. The development of marsupial animals that bear remarkable resemblance to ecologically
equivalent species among the placental mammals in other continents can be attributed to
A. common ancestry B. convergent evolution
C. divergent evolution D. adaptive radiation

37. Albinism is recessive to normal pigment in humans. In a population where the frequency of
the albino allele is 10% of the total population the proportion of albino people is expected to
be….
A. 0.1 B. 9.0
C. 0.01 D. 0.81

38. Which of these is TRUE about sex linked inheritance?

A. males are diploid for sex linked genes and express both dominant and recessive alleles.
B. males are haploid for sex linked genes and express only dominant and recessive alleles.
C. males are haploid for sex linked genes but express only dominant alleles.
D. males are haploid for sex linked genes but express recessive alleles.

39. Black wool of sheep is due to recessive allele(b) and white wool to its dominant allele(B).
A white ram is crossed to a white ewe (female). Both animals carry the allele for black.
They produce a black ram lamb which is then back crossed to the female parent.
The probability the backcross offspring will be black is
A. ¼ B. ¾
C. ½ D. 0

40. Which of these makes carbondioxide have the greatest influence on global warming compared
to other green house gases? It….
A. stays longer in the atmosphere
B. has a higher concentration in the atmosphere
C. has acidic properties
D. retains more heat.

SECTION B: (60 Marks)

41.(a) What are target cells? (01 mark)
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(b) Describe two mechanisms by which hormones bring about cellular response in target
cells. (07 marks)
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(c) Explain how a very small amount of hormone is able to exert a large effect on a target
cell. (03 marks)

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41. Table 1 shows the results of experimental work on the blood sucking bug Rhodinus.

Experiment Results
I. Blood meal, then head cut off 2 days later Bug survives briefly, no molting.
II. Blood meal, then head cut off 7 days later Bug survives longer and molts.
III. Brain from a molted larva transplanted Larva molts but does not develop
into another larva of same age into adult.
(a) Explain the observed results in Experiment I and II. (05 marks)
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(i) Explain the role of the brain in insect development as observed in Experiment III.
(02 marks)
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(ii) Suggest one way how larva can be induced to develop into adults. (01 mark)
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(b) How does the moulting hormone control the process of moulting? (02 marks)
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42. (a) What is meant by the term genetic drift? (02 marks)
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43. Figure 2 shows the changes in the allele frequency of two populations over several generations.
A B
100
100
80
Allele frequency (%)

80
Allele frequency (%)

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 Generations Generations

(a) Explain the changes as shown on the two graphs:

i. Graph A (04 marks)
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ii. Graph B (03 marks)
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(b) Describe how genetic drift affects the amount of genetic variation within very
small populations. (03 marks)
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1.75The figure below shows the changes in the respiratory quotient (RQ) of seeds of pea and
1.5caster oil during germination.

1.25
KEY:
1.00
Respiration quantities (RQ)

Pea
0.75 Castor oil
0.5

0.25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time of germination in days

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 (a) Explain the high RQ values at the onset of germination. (03 marks)
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Explain the changes in RQ between days 1 and 4 of germination. (04 marks)
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Suggest why the RQ of castor oil is generally lower than that of pea. (03 marks)
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44. The figure below shows the absorption spectrum of phytochrome.

0.8
Phytochrome red (Pr)
Absorption in arbitrary

0.6

0.4 Phytochrome for red

(PFr)
0.2
units

350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength in ΩM

(a) How different is the absorption spectrum of Pr from PFr? (04 marks)

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(b) Explain the decline in the absorption spectra of phytochrome red (Pr) after a
wavelength of 650nm. (02 marks)
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(c) Explain the physiological effect of a flash of light on the level of Pr on flowering
of short day plant kept in the dark. (03 marks)
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(d) State two other physiological processes other than flowering promoted by Pr. (02 marks)
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46.(a) What is meant by the terms;-

i. Biotic potential. (02 marks)
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ii. Primary productivity. (02 marks)

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(b) Suggest what effect an evolutionary improvement in camouflage of the prey will have
upon animals which feed on this species of the prey. (04 marks)
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(c) Suggest two disadvantages of an organism being well camouflaged. (02 marks)
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END.

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