EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Instructions: Read each question carefully and shade the correct answer in the
answer sheet provided to you. Do not write anything on this test questionnaire.

1. Which refers to the only planet in the solar system that gave rise to complex life?
A. Earth
B. Mars
C. Mercury
D. Venus

2. Major human activities cause great destructions on Earth’s subsystems. Since energy and matter is cycled within the
spheres and being part of the system, these harmful activities bring forth destruction to us in a boomerang effect. One
example of this is the Global warming. As a student, what recommendation can you give to solve this problem?
A. Report the violators to the United Nations.
B. Just ignore and continue your daily routines.
C. Be active in advocating change by rallying outside government hall.
D. Start the change from yourself by not contributing pollution to the environment.

3. Which of these areas do most sedimentary rocks usually form?

A. Volcanoes
B. Mountains
C. Plain lands
D. Bodies of water

6. Which of the following correctly describes physical weathering?

A. Rust changes the color of the rock.
B. A carabao steps on and crushes a limestone.
C. A year of acid rain deforms a rock monument.
D. Running water transports rock to other places.

7. Which of the following terms refers to the thickest layer, made mostly of iron,
magnesium, and silicon, that is dense, hot, and semi-solid?
A. Core
B. Crust
C. Lithosphere
D. Mantle

8. Which of the following statements correctly describes inner core and outer core?
A. The inner core is extremely dense which made up of solid iron and is intensely hot, while the outer core is the thickest
layer, made mostly of magnesium and silicon.
B. The inner core is the thickest layer, made mostly of magnesium and silicon, while the outer core is made from iron
and nickel in liquid form, heated largely by radioactive decay.
C. The inner core is extremely dense which made up of solid iron and is intensely hot, while the outer core is made from
iron and nickel in liquid form, heated largely by radioactive decay.
D. The inner core is made from iron and nickel in liquid form, heated largely by radioactive decay, while the outer core is
extremely dense which made up of solid iron and is intensely hot.

9. When the magma is formed, it rises toward the Earth’s surface. But not all magma behaves in the same way, just like
granitic and basaltic magma. Basedon the table, which of the following statements correctly differentiate granitic and
basaltic magma?
A. Granitic magma is composed of 70% silica and 10-15% water, while basaltic magma is composed of 50% silica and 1-
2% water.
B. Granitic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-15% water, while basaltic magma is composed of 70% silica and 1-
2% water.
C. Granitic magma is composed of 70% silica and 1-2% water, while basaltic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-
15% water.
D. Granitic magma is composed of 50% silica and 10-15% water, while basaltic magma is composed of 70% silica and 10-
15% water.

10. Which from the following statements below correctly conclude the movement of both basaltic and granitic magma
toward the Earth’s surface?
A. Basaltic magma typically solidifies within the Earth’s crust, while granitic magma rises all the way to the Earth’s
surface to erupt from a volcano.
B. Basaltic magma rises all the way to the Earth’s surface to erupt from a volcano, while granitic magma typically
solidifies within the Earth’s crust.
C. Neither basaltic magma nor granitic magma rises all the way to the Earth’s surface to erupt from a volcano bringing
great destruction to the environment.
D. Both basaltic magma and granitic magma rise all the way to the Earth’s surface to erupt from a volcano, and at the
same time solidify within the Earth’s crust.

11. Which of the following combination of factors can change pre-existing rocks into new forms?
A. Color, shape, and texture
B. Minerals, color, and temperature
C. Texture, temperature and chemically- active fluids
D. Temperature, pressure and chemically- active fluids

12. You watched a video of a lava flow when suddenly you got curious about how crystal formation happens. You also
observed that small and large crystals can be formed from a lava flow. Based on this observation, where would you
expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?
A. At the center of the flow.
B. Near the bottom of the flow.
C. Near the top surface of the flow.
D. The crystals would have the same grain size throughout the flow.

13. You were given a granite sample and tasked to describe just by looking and
touching it. Which of the following statements below will best describe a granite-based on its physical appearance?
A. Light- colored, fine- grained igneous rock rich in silica
B. Light- colored, fine- grained igneous rock poor in silica
C. Light- colored, coarse- grained igneous rock rich in silica
D. Light- colored, coarse- grained igneous rock poor in silica

14. You are walking along a flat rock surface. You discover that as you walk further,the age of the rocks decreases until
you reach the middle of the surface, then for some reason, they get older again. What structure have you just passed
over?
A. syncline fold
B. anticline fold
C. monocline fold
D. overturned fold

15. Which of the following set of rock layers is correctly arranged from oldest to
youngest?
A. P – O – N – M – L – Q
B. P – Q – O – N – L – M
C. Q – O – N – M – L – P
D. Q – P – O – N – M – L
16. A geologist used relative dating methods to guess that an igneous rock sample is between 1 million and 5 million
years old and was curious about its exact age. Will using carbon-14 in determining the age of the rock be helpful?
A. Yes, because the rock sample contains traces of carbon in it.
B. Yes, because carbon-14 is widely used by scientists in absolute dating.
C. No, because the half-life of carbon-14 is too short for the age of the rock sample.
D. No, because it is not sure whether dead bodies of organisms are present in the sample.

17. A geologist found a dinosaur fossil and wants to estimate what period that dinosaur existed in the past. The geologist
measured the ages of the rocks beneath and above the fossil. What dating technique he/she is about to use?
A. cross dating
B. relative dating
C. geologic dating
D. absolute dating

18. What information is generally shown in the geologic time scale?

A. the branches of geology
B. the geologic history of the Earth
C. the geologic features of the Earth
D. the geologists with significant contributions

19. Which hazard may happen if loosely-packed and water-logged sediments at or near ground surface lose strength
during earthquakes?
A. eruption
B. fire
C. liquefaction
D. tsunamis

20. A barangay located near the sea experienced a magnitude 8.0 earthquake. What hazard are the residents most
exposed to after this?
A. eruption
B. fire
C. liquefaction
D. tsunami

21. What term refers to an extreme natural phenomenon in Earth’s crust, like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, that
may cause danger to life and property?
A. geologic hazard
B. biological hazard
C. technological hazard
D. hydrometeorological hazard

22. If you live on a hillside in a land-locked area with an active volcano nearby, which of the following phenomena does
NOT bring you hazard?
A. tsunami
B. landslide
C. earthquake
D. volcanic eruption

23. Who among the following people is doing an activity that helps lessen the occurrence of landslides?
A. Person L constructs their home on a steep slope.
B. Person M puts as much vegetation as possible on the nearby slope.
C. Person N creates a water canal that cuts through some part of the hill.
D. Person O gathers topsoil from the mountain for their backyard garden.
24. During a typhoon, you noticed an abnormal rise of seawater level that caused flooding in the coastal area you are
living in. What phenomenon had you just witnessed?
A. tornado
B. tsunami
C. spring tide
D. storm surge

25. Suppose you live in a coastal area and your primary source of drinking water has always been through a water pump.
Over the years, you noticed that the water gets saltier and saltier. What coastal process could have occurred?
A. tidal wave
B. coastal erosion
C. saltwater intrusion
D. coastal submersion

26. A businessman wanted to build a five-story hotel a few meters away from the edge of a cliff on the shore. Should this
plan be allowed by the authority?
A. Yes, it will boost tourism in the community.
B. Yes, it is the best spot to capture beautiful sceneries.
C. No, its construction could only worsen coastal erosion.
D. No, the businessman needs to have large amount of investment.

27. Miller and Urey performed an experiment to prove the origin of life. What are the mixtures of gases they thought to
be abundant in earth’s early atmosphere?
I. N2
II. H2O
III. H2
IV. NH3
V. O2
VI. CH4
A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, III, IV, V
C. II, III, IV, VI
D. III, IV, V, VI

28. Which of the following conditions will best fossilize an animal?

A. The animal is made up of bones.
B. The animal is soft-bodied like jellyfish.
C. The animal dies at sea and sinks deep.
D. The animal is left exposed to the elements.

29. Based on the Geologic Time Scale, which of the following is a correct pair of periods in the Earth’s history and the
corresponding major event that took place?
A. Quaternary – age of mammals
B. Permian – extinction of trilobites
C. Cretaceous – appearance of first land plants
D. Cambrian – appearance of first amphibians

30. On a hot day, a man feels to go for a swim, drinks some cold water, or sits in the shade while on a cold day, he feels
to put on a coat, sits in a corner, or eats a bowl of hot soup. Given the situation, how would you classify the interaction
of the man to his environment?
A. It is an example of growth and development.
B. It shows man’s adaptation to his environment.
C. It is the ability of the man to regulate his internal condition.
D. It ensures the survival of man and in carrying out his functions.

31. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
A. Communities make up species, which make up populations.
B. Populations make up species, which make up communities.
C. Species make up communities, which make up populations.
D. Species make up populations, which make up communities.

32. Which of the following is a correct pair of organ and organ system?
A. lungs-excretory
B. brain-circulatory
C. mouth-respiratory
D. skin – integumentary

33. Which of the following terms refers to the biological process of producing offspring that are biologically or
genetically similar to the parents?
A. evolution
B. fertilization
C. development
D. reproduction

34. What term refers to the process of producing new organism by combining the genetic information of two individuals
having different sexes?
A. external fertilization
B. internal fertilization
C. sexual reproduction
D. asexual reproduction

35. Which of the following statements correctly differentiate sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?
A. Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction.
B. Sexual reproduction requires one parent while asexual requires two.
C. Sexual reproduction requires two parents while asexual requires one.
D. Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring while asexual produces offspring from two parents.

36. Which of the following is NOT correct about recombinant DNA technology?
A. Plasmids and bacteriophages are examples of commonly used vectors.
B. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology helps produce better breeds of plants and animals.
C. The rDNA technology could also help in identifying criminals by studying a sample from a specific person.
D. The rDNA technology can be considered successful even if the foreign DNA inserted into the vector DNA is not
expressing the desired trait in the host cells.

37. Which of the following crop is not genetically modified?

A. Bt corn
B. golden rice
C. BT eggplant
D. conventional rice

38. Which of the following is considered a risk of GM food to people’s health?

A. GM food enhanced pathogenicity.
B. GM food production cost is reduced.
C. GM food increased weed or pest burden.
D. GM food contains higher amounts of vitamins and minerals.
39. What responses are generated by the nervous system when you run on a treadmill?
A. Dispose waste from the body
B. Get the oxygen into our body and get rid of carbon dioxide.
C. Food is broken down by to give energy to every cell in the body.
D. Once exercise begins, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, and the heart rate rises quickly

40. Pablo went out with his friends almost every day to have fun and takes whatevervices they want. One day he
complains abdominal pain and notices that the appearance of his skin turns yellowish which are some symptoms of a
liver problem. Which do you think among his vices caused him liver problem?
A. Smoking
B. Gambling
C. Social games
D. Alcohol Consumption

41. There is a couple who wish to have a child but cannot have it because the wife was diagnosed with Polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS). It is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal number of androgens, male sex hormones
that are usually present in women in small amounts that cause infertility of women having it. However, it can be treated
by maintaining healthy weight, conducting regular exercise and balance diet. Based on the given situation, is it possible
for the couple to bear a child?
A. Yes, PCOS will just go away on its own.
B. Yes if they will just follow the suggestions of their doctor.
C. No because there is no treatment for PCOS.
D. No because female ovaries with PCOS totally can’t release egg cells.

42. When you’re faced with a perceived threat, your brain thinks you’re in danger. That’s because it already considers
the situation to be life threatening. As a result, your body automatically reacts to keep you safe. What hormone is
responsible for this response?
A. Adrenalin
B. Melatonin
C. Vasopressin
D. Growth Hormones

43. Pedro who met an accident dislocated his two long bones in his hand. What do you think is the cause of such
dislocation?
A. Tendon break
B. Ligament break
C. Areolar tissue break
D. Break of skeletal muscle

44. Covid 19 pandemic affects the immune system of individual who will be infected with this virus. As a student, which
of the following campaign below is the best thing to promote to boost your immune system?
A. Drink alcohol in moderation.
B. Always observe health protocols.
C. Have an exercise at least once a week.
D. Eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables.

45. Which analogy correctly corresponds to the characteristics of the following Earth’s spheres?
a. Biosphere: Living Organisms; Geosphere: Solid Earth
b. Atmosphere: Solid Earth; Biosphere: Living Organisms
c. Geosphere: Solid Earth; Hydrosphere: Gaseous Envelope
d. Hydrosphere: Water Portion; Atmosphere: Living Organisms

46. Why do planets stay in their own paths as they orbit the sun?
a. The planets’ great momentum dictates them to orbit the sun
b. The planets revolve around the sun with different speeds
c. The sun’s gravity pulls at the orbiting planets
d. The planets pull at each other

47. What makes Philippines vulnerable to hydrometeorological hazards?

a. The country’s geographical location
b. The country’s archipelagic form
c. The country is overpopulated
d. The country's topography

48. Metamorphic rocks are transformed pre-existing rocks when they are involved in tectonic processes. What condition
lead to this transformation?
a. Lower pressure and lower temperature
b. Lower pressure and higher temperatures
c. Higher pressures and lower temperatures
d. Higher pressures and higher temperatures

49. Before ocean basins evolved to what and how they are today, a giant water body or super ocean has once formed.
What is the name used to pertain to this super ocean?
a. Gondwanaland
b. Laurasia
c. Pangaea
d. Panthalassa