Linear Functions and Graphing: 4iinr

Linear Functions
and Graphing
LESSONS
8-1 Relations and
Functions
8-2 Equations With
Two Variables
8-3 Slope and
y-intercept
8-4 Writing Rules for
Linear Functions
8-5 Scatter Plots
8-6 Problem Solving:
Solve by Graphing
,Pa,
s, j] [
,a!
8-7 Solving Systems of
Linear Equations
?ass«
,· ~ '"'\· · 8-8 Graphing Linear
Inequalities
?/
Key Vocabulary
p
s"
• domain (p. 400)
a • function (p. 400)
• function notation (p. 418)
• function rule (p. 418)
4iinr
I
± • linear equation (p. 406)
• linear inequality (p. 441)
• negative correlation (p. 425)
• no correlation (p. 425)
l Where You're Going

• positive correlation (p. 425)
• range (p. 400)
• relation (p. 400)
• scatter plot (p. 423)
In this chapter, you will learn how to
• slope (p. 411)
• Determine whether a relation is a function. • slope-intercept form (p. 413)
• Solve linear equations. • solution (p. 405)
• system of linear equations
• Solve systems of linear equations and inequalities.
(p. 435)
• Solve a problem by graphing. • system of linear inequalities
(p. 443)
Real-World Snapshots Applying what you learn,
• trend line (p. 430)
on pages 454-455 you will solve problems about
electronic devices. • vertical-line test (p. 401)
• y-intercept (p. 413)
54%'+ 33, 3
Investigation Modeling: Relating Graphs to Events
s,
"% For Use With=Lesson 8-1
» ' '
You can use graphs to show real-world relationships visually.

Labels can help explain the parts of a graph.
1 EXAMPLE
Transportation The graph at the

right shows one trip from home
to school and back. The trip
combines walking and getting a
ride from a neighbor. Tell what the
graph shows by labeling each part. Time
At school
Q>
g
9 5
5r
%
Q
s Getting into car Getting out
Do z of car
»
Walking to neighbor's
from home _,Walking from
.s_ Tl€\}\[(f © [(
O Time home
Label the parts of each graph.

1. 2.
Time Time
3. The graph at the right is a step graph. It shows the prices

at a parking garage. 10
Os, OO
6O
..__, 8
a. How much does parking cost for an hour or less? ....., •° 9
b. How much does parking cost for 4 hours and
u
D
0
6
4 cg°
s 9
20 minutes? 2
c. A receipt from the parking garage is for $7. What 0
is the greatest length of time the car could have been
2 4 6 8
Time (h)
in the garage?
398 Linear Functions and Graphing

4. Reasoning Use the graph at the Tamika
right. Jolene and Tamika were
sprinting. Which girl ran faster?
Explain.
When you draw a graph without actual data, you are making
a sketch. A sketch can help you visualize relationships.
2 EXAMPLE
You go to an amusement park and ride a moving horse on a

carousel. Sketch a graph to show your height above the ground.
Identify your axes and include labels for each part.
A Ride on a Carousel
Riding on
Getting on carousel horse
±
~
a
carousel { \ Getting off
T
0 Time
•
Sketch a graph for each situation. Identify your axes and include
labels for each part.
5. the temperature outside during one 24-hour period
6. your speed as you take a trip on a train
7. the total distance you travel as you go to a concert and
return home
8. the distance above ground of a pole vaulter's feet at a
track meet
9. You pour water at a constant rate into the container shown at the
right. Sketch a graph of the water level as you fill the container.
Investigation Modeling: Relating Graphs to Events 399

g.1
t . Relations and Functions
_(__~.'c:,.,_"c.~~-··~.
OBJECTIVE
What You'll Learn

To determine
llimAITITDIAL
whether a relation
is a function The table shows the results of a canned-food drive.
To graph relations You can write the data in the table Food for Life
and functions
as a relation, a set of ordered Canned-Food Drive
... And Why pairs. The first coordinate of each Number of Number of
ordered pair is the number of Homeroom Students Cans
To solve real-world problems
involving cooking students in a homeroom. The 101 25 133
second coordinate is the number 102 22 216
103 24 148
f Check Skills You'll Need of cans the students in that
homeroom collected. 104 22 195
Graph each point. 105 20 74
106 21 150
1.A(3.4) 2.B(--3,1)
3. F(2, 0) 4. D(2,-2) Here is the relation represented by the table:
{25, 133), (22,216), (24,148), (22,195), (20, 74), (21, 150)).
5. C(-4, -3) The braces, {}, indicate that these are all the ordered pairs in this
6. E(O, -4) relation. The first coordinates are the domain of the relation. The
second coordinates are the range of the relation.
{ ror help, go to Lesson 1-10.
Some relations are functions. In a function, each member of the
domain is paired with exactly one member of the range.
New Vocabulary
• relation
• domain You can draw a mapping diagram to see whether a relation
• range
is a function.
• function
• vertical-line test 1 EXAMPLE Identifying a Function
Is each relation a function? Explain.

a. {(0, 1), (1, 2), (1,3), (2, 4)}
List the domain values and the

Domain Range range values in order.
O l Draw arrows from the domain
' I5
2> -4
values to their range values.
• interactive lesson
(Eu
There are two range values for the domain value 1. This
relation is not a function.
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.
400 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

b. { (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 4)} c. {(O, 1), (1, 3), (2,2), (3,4))
Domain Range Domain Range

O- () -»]
p®- -f
1y'Z
2
9
pr
2>5
5 -4 '))-g
There is one range value There is one range value

for each domain value. for each domain value.
This relation is a function. This relation is a function.
f Check Understanding Example 1

1. Is each relation a function? Explain.
a. { (-2, 3), (2, 2), (2, -2)} b. {(-5, -4), (0, -4), (5, -4)}
Functions can model many everyday situations when one quantity

depends on another. One quantity is a function of the other.
2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving
Cooking Is the time needed to cook a turkey a function of the

weight of the turkey? Explain.
j The time the turkey cooks (range value) is determined by the
• weight of the turkey ( domain value). This relation is a function.
af Check Understanding Example 2

2. a. For the United States Postal Service, is package weight
a function of the postage paid to mail the package?
Explain.
b. Is the cost of postage a function of package weight? Real-World 6}) Connection
Explain. You can estimate the
cooking time of a turkey:
20 minutes per pound
unstuffed, or 30 minutes
OBJECTIVE
per pound stuffed.
mTTTSISE[TTT:ISELI
Graphing a relation on a coordinate plane gives you a visual way.to
tell whether the relation is a function. If the relation is a function, then
any vertical line passes through at most one point on the graph. If you
can find a vertical line that passes through two points on the graph,
then the relation is not a function. This is the vertical-line test.
8-1 Relations and Functions 401

3 EXAMPLE Using the Vertical-Line Test
Need Help? a. Graph the relation shown in the table.

The first value in an Graph the ordered pairs
ordered pair, the x-coordina tes y-coordina tes (-4,-3), (2, O), (2, 3),
x-coordinate, shows (4, 3), and (5,-4).
horizontal position. ~ /
The second value in an Domain Range 4- 3'
ordered pair, the Value Value
y-coordinate, shows
2
• • I
vertical position. -4 3
2 0
-4 -2 O 2 4 X
2 3
-2
4 3
• 4
5 4
b. Use the vertical-line test. Is the relation a function? Explain.
4- 9
2
• •
Pass a pencil across the graph
as shown. Keep the pencil
-4 2 0 2 4 X vertical (parallel to the y-axis)
-2 to represent a vertical line.
• -4 •
!The pencil held vertically would pass through both (2, 0) and
• (2, 3), so the relation is not a function.
sf Check Uderstanding Example 3

3. (Algebra)Graph the relation shown in each table. Use the
vertical-line test. Is the relation a function? Explain.
a. X y b. X y C. X y
A,
(6 -5 -7 4 5 4
-3 2 -2 6 -4 4
0 2 -1 -1 -3 4
1 0 -1 3 0 0
4 3 0 5 1 4
5 7 1 5 2 4

EXERCISES { rorore exerases, see Extra Practice.,
Practice and Problem Solving
C, Practice by Example Is each relation a function? Explain.

Example 1 1. Domain Range 2. Domain Range 3. Domain Range
(page 400)
-5, -5 3>-S
+°
?>3
5 5¢
4-•j
-3 t 2
+- 6
(6- -2
-0
7---- 1
Joe
4. {(3, -1),(3,0),(-3,4),(3,8)) 5. {(-3, -2),(-1,0),(1,0),(5, -2))
Example 2
(page 401)
@ 6. Walking '
Is the time you take to go to the library a function of the
distance to the library? Explain.
7. Is the price of a one-year subscription to your favorite magazine a
function of the age of the subscriber? Explain.
@ 8. Sewing Is the price of a piece of cloth a function of the length of
the cloth? Explain.
9. Is the number of students on a field trip a function of the number
of buses used? Explain.
10. Is the number of buses used for a field trip a function of the
number of students on the field trip? Explain.
Example 3 Graph the relation shown in each table. Use the vertical-line test.
(page 402) Is the relation a function? Explain.
11. X y 12. X y 13. X y 14. X y
5 2 5 5 I 3 3 -1
1 4 -3 -3 -1 2 2 -1
2 5 1 1 0 4 4 0
4 -1 2 2 4 2 2 4
0 Apply Your Skills Graph each relation. Is the relation a function? Explain.
15. {0,19.(3.5).(2.2).(}.g)) 16.{-1,99.0.-19.-1.49.4.9]
17. {(-1,1),(-2,1),(-2,2),(0,2))
18. {(4, -8),(4, -6),(1,2),(1,5),(1, -6))
19. X y 20. X y 21. X y 22. X y
-5 6 3 -7 -7 3 6 -2
-2 3 1 -5 -5 1 1 -1
3 2 I -5 5 -1 0 2
6 4 -3 7 7 -3 -I -3
8-1 Relations and Functions 403

23. Wri
ting in Math Is every relation a function? Is every function a
relation? Explain.
24. Geometry Explain why the area of a square is a function of the
length of a side of the square.
25. Error Analysis Your friend says that a relation is not a function
when two ordered pairs have the same y-coordinate. Explain your
friend's error.
3) aamnge Patterns In each function below, there is a pattern to how the range
values relate to the domain values. Describe the pattern.
26. {(-2,0),(0.2),(3,5),(8.10)} 27. {5.5).(=1, 19,(0,0).(3,-3)]
28. {(1,-0.5), (2, 1), (7, 3.5)} 29. {(1. 1).(2.4).(3.9).(4. 16)]
30. a. Open-Ended Write two different relations for which the

domain is {=1,0, l} and the range is (1, 2}.
b. Graph your relations. Use the vertical-line test to tell whether
each relation is a function.
Test Prep
Multiple Choice For Exercises 31 and 32, which choice best explains why the relation
IS or IS NOT a function?
31. {(-5, 7), (-2,-1), (0, 3), (4, 7)}
A. A function; only one range value exists for each domain value.
B. A function; two domain values exist for range value 7.
#_ iaerr
5,nne lesson quiz at
C. Not a function; the relation passes the vertical line test.
D. Not a function; two domain values exist for range value 7.
' www.PHSchool.com 32. {(-8,-4), (-2, 0), (1, 3), (-2, 6)}
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0801 F. A function; only one range value exists for each domain value.
G. A function; two range values exist for domain value -2.
H. Not a function; the relation passes the vertical line test.
I. Not a function; two range values exist for domain value -2.
Short Response 33. Answer and explain. {a) Is the number of people expected to
attend a picnic a function of the number of sandwiches made for
the picnic? {b) Is the number of sandwiches made for a picnic a
function of the number of people expected to attend?
Mixed Review
Lesson 7-8 ~ 34. Banking You invest $1,200 in an account that earns 3.5% interest
compounded annually. Find the account balance after four years.
Lessons 7-1 and 7-3 Solve each equation.

35.-42+3c=-6 36. 53 4= 4= 51 37. 2m 4.9 = -3.6

---------ii i i i- ~===~~
8-2 »:
Equations With Two Variables
\
jl
OBJECTIVE
limam:TSIATSOS7TEDD What You'll Learn

To find solutions
of equations with
In previous chapters, you solved equations with one variable, such as two variables
2x + 5 = 7 x. In this chapter, you will find solutions of equations To graph linear
with two variables, such as y = 3x + 4. An ordered pair that makes equations with two
such an equation a true statement is a solution of the equation. variables
. .. And Why
1 EXAMPLE Finding a Solution To solve real-world problems
involving meteorology and
oceanography
Find the solution of y = 3x + 4 for x = -1.
y = 3x + 4 af Check Skills You'll Need
y=3(--1) + 4 Replace x with -1.
Evaluate each expression
y ==3+ 4 Multiply. forx = 2.
y = l Add.
1. 2+ X 2. x= 12
• A solution of the equation is (-1, 1). 3.8x- 13 4.24+ 2x

1. Find the solution of each equation for x =3,
New Vocabulary
a. y = 2x +1 b. y = -4x + 3 c. y = (Ox 4 • solution
• linear equation
You can use two-variable equations to model real-world situations.
2 EXAIIPLE Real-World ) Problem Solving
Meteorology The equation t = 21 - O.Oln

models the normal low July temperature
in degrees Celsius at Mount Rushmore,
South Dakota. In the equation, t is the
temperature at n meters above the base of
the mountain. Find the normal low July
temperature at 300 m above the base.
t = 21- 0.01n
t = 21 - 0.01(300) Replace n with 300.
t = 21 - 3 Multiply.
t = 18 Subtract.
A solution of the equation is (300, 18). The normal low July • interactive lesson
(fj±@
temperature at 300 m above the base of the mountain is 18°C, includes instant self-check,
8-2 Equations With Two Variables 405

2. Find the normal low July temperature at 700 m above the base
of Mount Rushmore.
}
'3Jc
OBJECTIVE
m mmms:.",
An equation with two variables can have many solutions. One way
to show these solutions is to graph them, which also gives a graph of
the equation. A linear equation is any equation whose graph is a
line. All the equations in this lesson are linear equations.
3 EXAMPLE Graphing a Linear Equation
Graph y = -3.x + 3.
Make a table of values to show ordered-pair solutions.
Need Help?
The expression 3x X =3x+5 (x y)
means "the opposite
of 'x."
So when the
value of x is2, the
-2 =-3(-2)+5=1+3= 4 (-2,4)
expression 3x 0 =3(0)+3=0+5=3 (0, 3)

represents the opposite
4 =3(4)+5=-2+5=1 (4.1)
of one half of-2,
3l
which is 1.
Graph the ordered pairs. Draw a line through the points.
¥
-6 -4 -2 0 2
l -2
Check Understanding Example 3

3. Graph each linear equation.
a. y = 2x + l b. y = 3x 2 c. y= -3r+ 4
If you use the vertical-line test on the graph in Example 3, you see
that every x-value has exactly one y-value. This means that the
relation y =- 3
+ 3 is a function. A linear equation is a function
unless its graph is a vertical line.

4 EXAMPLE Graphing y = a and x = b
Graph each equation. Is the equation a function?
a. y =2 b. x =2
For every value of x, y = 2. For every value of y, x = 2.
y I • y
2 t t +
j
2
I
X X
-2 O 2 4 -2 0 2 4
This is a horizontal line. This is a vertical line.

The equation y = 2 is The equation x = 2 is
• a function . not a function.
/ Check Understanding Example 4

-J 4. Graph each equation. Is the equation a function?
a. x = l b. y = -4 c. x = 0
You may find it helpful to solve an equation for y before you find
solutions and graph the equation.
@EIZDD ·owosysowstory
Solve the equation for y.

3x + y = -5
3x + y 3x = - 5 - 3x Subtract 3x from each side.
y = - 3x - 5 Simplify.
Make a table of values. Graph.

x -b5x-5 (x. y) y
-2 -5(-2)-5=1 (-2,1)
-1 -5(-1)-5=-2 (-1, -2) 2 x
O -5(0)-5=-5 (O,-5)
a/ Check Understanding Example 5

5. Solve each equation for y. Then graph the equation.
a. 2x + y = 3 b. y .x = 5 c. -3x + 2y = 6

EXERCISES , ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Q Practice by Example Find the solution of each equation for x = -5.
Example 1 1. y = 4x + 2 2. y = -3x - 1 3. y = 8x
(page 405)
Find the solution of y = - x - 3 for the given value of x.
4. -2 5.-I 6. 0 7. 1 8. 2 9. 3
Example 2 The equation k = 1.6d gives an approximate relationship between

(page 405) d miles and k kilometers. Express each distance in kilometers.
10. the 430 miles between Boise, Idaho, and Reno, Nevada
11. the 665 miles between Columbus, Ohio, and Des Moines, Iowa
Examples 3 and 4 Graph each linear equation. Is the equation a function?

(pages 406 and 407)
12. y=x-3 13.y= -x-2 14.y={x- 2
15. y = x+3 16. y = x- 10 17. y = 2x - l
18. X =7 19. y =0 20. X =-2
Example 5 Solve each equation for y. Then graph the equation.

(page 407)
21. -4x + y = 16 22.-3y = 3.x 9 23. 2x = 4y = 12
24. y 6 = 0.5x 25.-3x = 2y 26. 2y = 3x = 10
{
{:3) Apply Your sills 27. Writing,in Math Explain how you can determine from a linear
equation whether the solutions of the equation form a function.
Is each ordered pair a solution of 4r- 3y = 6? Explain.

28. (3, 2) 29. (-3, -2) 30. (0.2) 31. (2, 0)
Find the solutions of each equation for x = -2, 1, and 4.

32. y=7-3x 33.y={r+6 34.y= 3x- 6
5x + 4y = 12 I 35. Error Analysis A student solved 3x + 4y = 12 for y. Her work is
4y = 12 - 5x at the left. What error did the student make?
y =35- 3x 36. Jose is driving on a highway. The equation d = 55t relates the
number of miles d and the amount of time in hours t. About how
many hours does Jose spend driving 100 mi?
a Challenge 37. If you swim the backstroke, you burn 9 cal/min ( calories per
minute). If you swim the butterfly stroke, you burn 12 cal/min.
The equation 9x + 12y = 360 models how you can burn 360 cal
by swimming the backstroke for x min and the butterfly for y min.
a. Find the solutions of the equation for x = 0 and y = 0. Explain
what your solutions mean.

b. Graph the solutions you found in part (a). Draw a line through
the two points.
c. Language Arts The solutions you found in part (a) are the
y-intercept and the x-intercept of the line. Explain why these
names are appropriate.
d. Use your graph from part (b). If you swim the butterfly stroke
for10 min, how long should you swim the backstroke to burn
a total of 360 calories?
Test Prep
Multiple Choice For Exercises 38 and 39, which ordered pair is a solution for the
given equation?
\ 38. y = 2x + 7
A. (13, 3) B. (3, 13) C. (2, 8) D. (8, 2)
/ 39. y=-3x 4
F. (1,1) G. (1, 1) H. (-7, 1) I. (1,-7)
Reading Comprehension Read the passage below before doing Exercises 40 and 41.
Mountains Under the Sea

\
\ There is a mountain range in the Pacific Ocean far beneath the surface.
Jacques Piccard and Donald Walsh descended to 35,814 ft to make a
record dive in these mountains in a submersible.
There is tremendous pressure at these depths. The pressure of the air
at sea level is 14.7 lb/in.2, and the pressure increases about 0.44 lb/in.2
for every foot an object descends below sea level.
40. What is the pressure at 10 ft below sea level?
41. The equation y = 14.7 + 0.44x gives the pressure yin pounds per
# ;a no me er
5,nre lesson quiz at
square inch at a depth of x feet below sea level.
a. Find the pressure at the depth of the record dive.
' www.PHSchool.com b. Find the pressure at half the depth of the record dive.
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0802
g# Mixed Review
Lesson 8-1 Is each relation a function? Explain.

42. ((2, 4), (3, 6), (-3, 6), (1, 2)} 43. ((0, 3), (2, 1), (-7, 2), (1, l)}
44. {(3,4).(2.3,6).(3,-7)} 45.{0,=-19,(0,0).(-1,0).(-2,=1)}
Lessons 4-9 and 5-5 4 6. Astronomy The sun orbits the Milky Way galaxy at about
135 mils. How far does the sun travel in an hour? In a week?
Write your answers in scientific notation.

1 f For Use With Lesson 8-2
A direct variation is a linear function modeled by the equation

y = kx, where k =t- 0. The coefficient k is the constant of variation.
In a direct variation, you can find k from one ordered pair (x,y).
The graph of a direct variation always includes the origin.
1 EXAMPLE
Write an equation for the direct variation that includes A(3,5).

Step 1 First find the value of k. Step 2 Write the equation using the value of k.
y = kx direct-variation equation y = kx direct-variation equation
Replace y with 5
5= k(G)
and x with 3.
y 5
5jr
5
Replace k with 5.
k - 5_ Solve fork.
• 3
You can write a direct variation to find the conversion factor between
two measurement systems.
2 EXAMPLE
Measurement A segment measures 5 in., or 12.7 cm. Let x represent

inches and let y represent centimeters. Write a direct variation to
convert inches to centimeters. Then convert 24 in. to centimeters.
y = kx Use the equation for a direct variation.
12.7 = k(5) Replace x with 5 and y with 12. 7.
2.54 =k Solve fork.
y = 2.54x Replace k with 2.54 to write a direct variation.
y = 2.54(24) Solve for x = 24.
y = 60.96 Multiply.
• 24 in. is also 60.96 cm.
EXERCISES
Write an equation for a direct variation that includes each point.
1. (4,3) 2. (2, 3) 3. (8, 3) 4. (5.9,22.42)
5. Measurement A carton contains 2 qt, or 1.89 L, of juice. Write a

direct variation for the relationship between quarts and liters. Find
the number of liters in 8 quarts.
410 Extension Direct Variation

Slope and y-intercept 8-3 \
OBJECTIVE
Kimm=TILTS What You'll Learn

Y To find the slope of
a line
estigation ] 'Y To use slope-intercept

form in graphing a
linear equation
Understanding Slope ]
... And Why
1. a. Graph y = x, y = 2x, and y = 3x on one coordinate plane. {
b. How does the graph of y = kx change as k, the coefficient of l To solve real-world problems
· 9 i involving the incline of a
x, mcreases . :==.
!
ramp or the slant of a roof
2. a. Graph y = x and y = .X on the same coordinate plane.
b. How are the graphs of y = x and y = - x alike? Different? • sf Cheek Skills You'll Need
Find each difference.
1. 4- 5 2. 3-( -2)
The ratio that describes the tilt of a line is its slope. If a line slants
3. 6 9 4. -1 - (-1)
upward from left to right, it has positive slope. If it slants downward,
it has negative slope. To calculate slope, you use this ratio. ] ror help, go to Lesson 1-6.
vertical change rise

slope - horizontal change - run New Vocabulary
• slope
• y-intercept
• slope-intercept form
1 EXAMPLE Using Rise and Run to Find Slope
Find the slope of each line.

a. b. y y
2 bl3--- [
4
(3, 8 [ill
ise == -3
2 7
(5,
6
8 -6-4 -2 O X 0 2 4 8 -x
5
4
_rise_ 2 _ 1 _ rise3 _ . 3 3}
]
1
• 1
s1ope run I 5 s1ope run 5 =5
'2 [
[NW
Check Understanding Example 1 ] } j
] wbh8
]
1. What is the slope of the ski trail at the right? 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
(Jrm Interactive lesson

8-3 Slope and y-intercept 411

If you know two points of a line, you can find the slope of the line
using the following formula.
l _ difference in y-coordinates
s ope difference in x-coordinates
They-coordinate you use first in the numerator must correspond to
the x-coordinate you use first in the denominator.
2 EXAIIPLE Using Coordinates to Find Slope
Find the slope of the line through C(-2,6) and D(4, 3).
difference in y-coordinates 3 - 6 -3 -1 1
% Slope difference in x-coordinates 4-(-2y «' 3 3
af Check Uderstanding Example 2

2. Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
a. V(8, -1), Q(O, -7) b. S( -4, 3), R( -10, 9)
Horizontal and vertical lines are special cases for slope.
3 EXAMPLE Finding Slope for Special Cases

a. b. y
(4,3)
2
(-3, 2) t
-6 -2 0 2
-4 -2 O 2 4 X
-2
(4,-2)
Test-faking Tip
You may say that a -2 3 -5
vertical line has no slope = 2- 2 = Q =O slope 7 (-4) 6
1-(-3) 4
slope. But be sure that
you do not confuse Slope is O for a Division by zero is undefined.
no slope with slope 0. horizontal line. Slope is undefined for a
• vertical line .

3. Find the slope of each line.
a. y b. y
(5, 0)
-2
-2
0 2 4 6 - 6 -4 -2 Ol x
(5, -3) (-6.-2) (-2,-2)

-4 -4

OBJECTIVE
'@limISETAN:TIHTTL1DDT
Here is the graph of y = =3x + 3. y
The slope ofthe line is',or-3. 4 (0.3) + Reading Math

The word intercept
sounds like intersect,
The y-intercept of the line is the .(4.1) which means "to cross."
point where the line crosses the y-axis. Think of they-intercept
The constant in the equation is the
run =4 as where the line
-4 -2 0 2 4 X
crosses the y-axis.
y-intercept.
y= 3x+3 2 L
slope
t t.
y-intercept
~ Kev Co""Pfs ""J Slope-Intercept Form

The equation y = mx + b is the slope-intercept form. In this
[ Orm,m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-inters' n
You can use slope-intercept form to help you graph an equation.
4 EXAMPLE Real-World ,6) Problem Solving

Engineering A ramp slopes from a warehouse door down to a
street. The function y = -±r + 2 models the ramp, where .x is the
horizontal distance in feet from the bottom of the door and
y is the height in feet above the street. Graph the equation.
Step 1 Since they-intercept is 2, y
graph (0, 2).
Step 2 Since the slope is ={or y',
move 1 unit down from (0, 2).
Then move 3 units right to graph
a second point. -4 -2 O 2 4 X
-2
Step 3 Draw a line through the points.
4
f Check Uderstanding Example 4

4. Graph each equation.
a. y = 2x- 3 b. y = -x + 4
8-3 Slope and y-intercept 413

EXERCISES 1 For more exercises, see Extra Practice.
£;) Practice by Example Find the slope of each line.

Example 1 1. 2.
(page 411)
Example 2 Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
(page 412)
3. A(2, 6), B(8, 1) 4. E(l, -2), F(4,=8)
5. N(-5, 2), Q(l, -4) 6. G(3,4),H(6,10)
7. P(-3,0),Q(4, -5) 8. A(2,4),B(-l, -2)
Example 3 Find the slope of each line.

(page 412)
9. y 10. y
(-2, 3)
2 (-3.5) 4 (1, 5) (4.5)
I
(-2, 1)
2
6 -4 0 2 1
(-2,-2) -2 -4 -2 0 2 4 •
Example 4 Identify the slope and y-intercept of the graph of each equation.
(page 413) Then graph the equation.
11.y=7x+3 12. y = -.X 13. y= 3x- 8
14. y = 2x +1 15. y = -3x - 1 16. y = X - 4
17. y = 4 18. y = -3x + 3 19. y= =3x + 6

~ 20. Architecture The roof of an A-frame cabin slopes from the peak
of the cabin down to the ground. It suggests the letter A when
viewed from the front or the back. The equation y =- 3x + 15
can model the line formed by one side of the roof. For a point
(x, y) on the roof, xis the horizontal distance in feet from the
center of the base of the house, and y is the height of the roof
in feet. Graph the equation.
O ww» Your Skills 21. Error Analysis A student said that the slope of the line through
(8, 4) and (2, 2) is 3. What error could this student have made?
22. Open-Ended Write equations for five different lines that intersect
at (0, 3).

23. 24. y
-2 O 2 4 X
-2
-2 ( 4,-1)
(-2.-3)4 (4.-3)
@ 25. Construction The slope of a roof is its pitch. You indicate the
pitch of a roof by a ratio a : b, where a is the number of feet of
rise for every b feet of run. In the photos at the left, which house
has a roof with steeper pitch? Explain.
Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.

26. c(3.3).D(}}) 27.L(7.-6.3).M(6.-1.3)
28. /2.1.39.K2.1.4.2) 29. A(3.2}).(2}.3)

Solve each equation for y. Then graph the equation.
30. y 2x = 4 31. y + 3 = 5x 32. 2y + 2x = 2
33. 3y + 2.x = 3 34. y = 3x=0 35. y + 3 = 0
36. 2y = X - 8 37.4y= X + 48 38. 3y = 2x = 15
39. Does the point (-3, 4) lie on the graph of y = -2x + 1? Explain.
40. Does the point (-2, -4) lie on the graph of 2y - 6x = 4? Explain.
(3) catenge Graph each line.

41. no slope, through (4,-2) 42. slope 5.through (0,=-4)
43. a. Graph the groups of equations on three coordinate planes.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
y=2x-5 y =-3x- 1 y = -6
y = 2x y = -3x y = l
y=2x+3 y == -3x + 4 y = 4.5
b. Writing in Math
How are the lines in each group related to each
other? Explain.
c. Reasoning What is the coefficient of x in the equation of a
graph that has slope O?
© 44. Construction The slope of a road is its grade. What do you think it
means for the grade of a road to be 4 % ?
45. Find the slope of the line at the left using two points. Then find
the slope using two other points. Are the slopes the same?
Explain.
8-3 Slope and y-intercept 41 S

Test Prep
Gridded Response For Exercises 46-48, what is the slope of the line through the points of
each pair?
46. T(O, 5), U(- 3,-2) 47. Q9, 5), R(4,5) 48. C{1, 7), D(-8, 7)
# iwo ii arr
5,nre lesson quiz at
For Exercises 49-51, what is they-intercept of the graph of
each equation?
' Www.PHSchool.com 49. y = -4x + 7 50. y = -2x 51.y= 1.9

: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0803
Mixed Review
Lesson 7-6 Solve and graph each inequality.
52. 4x +5<17 53.18<5- 2x 54..x + 6 > 31
Lesson 6-8 Find each percent of change. Tell whether the change is an increase
or a decrease.
55. from 10 to 9 56. from 20 to 30 57. from 52 to 39
Lesson 6-7 58. Ticket Sales During the 1998-1999 season, New York
theater goers bought 11.7 million tickets for a total of
$588.5 million. Theater goers spent a total of 5.5% more than
the season before. What was the total amount spent during the
1997-1998 season?
Math at Work
Lights ... camera ... action! These are familiar words for
movie-camera operators. When the action begins, movie-
camera operators are responsible for capturing the action
on film. Orie scene in a movie can cost hundreds of
thousands of dollars, so a scene has to be filmed correctly
in as few tries as possible. Camera operators are trained
in the effective use of lighting, lens filters, and camera
angles. The operators determine the precise movements
of the camera and its platform and the camera angles in
advance of the actual shooting. It takes a good
understanding of algebra and coordinate geometry
to do that!
l@ +ia n to mhe NET +or ore atrevon ao

@,ovie-camera operators, go to www.PHSchool.com.
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: adb-2031

You can use a graphing calculator to graph equations in
slope-intercept form and find solutions.
EXAMPLE
Graph y = 3x -2.
Step 1 Press the El key. Step 2 Press EE3STD] 6 to graph your equation
Enter 3x = 2. with the standard viewing window.
Plot1 Plot2 Plot3

\Yi=a3X-2
\Y2==
\Y3=
\Ya=
Step 3 Press TABLE to see solutions. Step 4 Sketch the graph using values from
the table of solutions.
X y;
AlID
Es 11 X 9
-2 -8
=1 -5 5 -11
0 -2
1 1 2 &
2 4 'f -E5
3 7
X=-3 0 2
-6 1 1
2 4
3 7
•
EXERCISES
Graph each equation.
1. y = 2x + 1 2. y = X - 4 3. y = 3x + 2
4. y = -X 5. y = -x +4 6. y = 4.x 3
7. y = -3x - 2 8. y= 3- 5 9.y= -3x+2
10. Graph'y ={r-2,y =6r + 2,and y = {r + 6,in the standard
viewing window. Tell what you observe, and explain.
-g9 ' iamt +

41/\i:
• 4
Technology G,aph;ng Unes
-iF<7 %-+1.• E,?'ij

8-4
tI
( Writing Rules for
Linear Functions
OBJECTIVE
What You'll Learn ,,lllfifllliilllllllMt:.IIIIIMl~-----llllal..._.

OBJECTIVE
To write a function
V rule for a word
0
v• relationship
To write a function
rule by analyzing a
You can write a function using function notation, in which you
use f(x) instead of y. You read f(x) as "f of x." You can think of a
domain value as an input and the resulting range value as the output.
table or graph A function rule is an equation that describes a function .
. . . And Why function rule function rule
involving measurements '
y
I .1
= 3x + 7
output input
'
J(x) = 3x + 7
I.1
output input
f Cheek Skills You'll Need
Find the slope of the
line through each pair 1 EXAMPLE Real-World ,} Problem Solving
of points.
Sales Commissions Paulo works at a local store. Each week he
1.A(3, 1), B(2, 1) earns a $300 salary plus a 3% commission on his sales.
2. S(3, 4). T1.2) a. Write a function rule that relates total earnings to sales.
3. PO-2).0(0, 2) Words total earnings are $300 plus 3 % of sales
4. C(-5, 2), D(4, -1)
] ror help, go to Lesson 8-3.
I Let s = the amount of his sales.
} t( s ) = total earnings, a function of his sales.
New Vocabulary Rule t( s) = 300 + 0.03 s
• function notation A rule for the function is t(s) = 300 + 0.03s.
• function rule
b. Find Paulo's earnings for one week if his sales are $2,500.
t(s) = 300 + 0.03s
t(2,500) = 300 + 0.03(2,500) Replaces with 2,500.
t(2,500) = 300 + 75 Multiply.
t(2,500) = 375 Add.
• Paulo earns $375 if his sales are $2,500 .

1. Scrumptious Snack Mix is sold by mail order. It costs $3/lb, plus
$4 for shipping and handling. Write a function rule for the total
cost c(p) based on the number of pounds p bought. Use your
• interactive lesson
fl±u function to find the total cost of 5 lb of snack mix.

OBJECTIVE
'@Zimm32DD
To write a function rule from a table, look for a pattern. The slope m
. difference inf (x) values .
IS difference in x values >and b is the value of f(x) when.x = 0.
2 EXAMPLE Writing a Function Rule From a Table
Write a rule for the linear function in the table below.
X f(x)
-2 -5 As the x values increase by 2,
)+6 the f(x) values increase by 6.
0
2
4 13
1
7
•-
• A rule for the function is f(x) = 3x + l.
So
When
m=3 = 3.
x = 0, f(x) = 1. So b = 1.
/ Check Uderstanding Example 2

2. Write a rule for each linear function.
a. X f(x) b. X f(x) c. X y
-1 -2 -3 6 -6 -11
0 0 0 0 -4 -7
1 2 3 -6 -2 -3
2 4 6 -12 0 1
Reading Math
You can use slope-intercept form,f(x) = mx + b or y = mx + b, y and f(x) may be used
when you write a rule for a linear function. interchangeably in a
function rule.
3 EXAIVIPLE Writing a Function Rule From a Graph
Write a rule for the linear function graphed below.
+
1-(-1) 2 1
slope= 4-0 i3
y-intercept = -1
Y
I
}4}
A rule for the function is f(x) = 3x-1. 4

4 -2 O X
3. Write a rule for the function graphed at the right.
8-4 Writing Rules for Linear Functions 419

EXERCISES t%, more exercises, see Extra Practice.
c Practice by Example Write a function rule for each situation. Then use your function
as indicated.
Example 1
(page 418) © 1. Money You give a salesperson $20 for a purchase and receive
change. Use your function to find the amount of change from a
$4.50 purchase.
@ 2 Science The temperature tin Kelvin is 273.15 more than the
temperature c in degrees Celsius. Use your function to find the
equivalent temperature in Kelvin for 100°C.
~ 3. Physics The force of gravity is less on Mars than it is on Earth. As
a result, the weight of an object on Mars mis 40% of its weight on
Earth w. Use your function to find the weight on Mars of a space
probe that weighs 15 lb on Earth.
Example 2 In Exercises 4-8, write a rule for each linear function.

(page 419)
4. X f(x) 5. X f(x) 6. X y
-9 18 -4 4 0 -2.4
0 -9 -2 2 2 -4.8
9 0 0 0 4 -7.2
18 9 2 -2 6 -9.6
Example 3
(page 419)
7.
-2
I
0
, 8.
{
I
T
-2
-2 0 2 4 ! 63
I
9. a. Writing in Math Describe the advantages you see in using a rule

for a function rather than listing function values in a table.
b. Describe the disadvantages.
O ww» Your Skills 10. Measurement Write a rule that expresses the number of
quarts q of a liquid as a function of each of the following.
a. the number of pints p b. the number of fluid ounces f
Need Help? 11. a. Measurement Express the number of inches n(d) as a function
8 fluid ounces = 1 cup of the number of yards d.
b. Use your function to find the number of inches in 4 yards.
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart 12. a. Geometry Write a rule that expresses the perimeter p(s) of
4 quarts = 1 gallon a square as a function of the lengths of one side.
b. Use your function to find the perimeter of a square with side
length 7 cm.

Examples 2 and 3 suggest that you can write a rule for a linear
function if you know any of the following about its graph.
(a) the slope m and y-intercept b;
(b) the slope m and any point (p, q) of the graph;
(c) any two points (r, s) and (u, v) of the graph.
Sample A line through points (-2, 6) and ( 4, 3) has slope
3 6 1
4-(6-2J3
Using=3 for the slope, an equation of the line is y= =3+b
Using ( 4, 3), substitute 4 for x· and 3 for y: 3=-3(4) + b
So,3=-2+ b,and the y-intercept bis 5.The rule is y= =3x + 5.
Write a rule for the linear function whose graph has slope m and
y-intercept b.
13.m=2,b=-4 14.m=-±,b=-2 15.m=0,b=2
Write a rule for the linear function whose graph has slope m and
contains the given point.
16.n =};(4.0) 17.m =3;(2,-2) 18.m =}; (6,4)
Write a rule for the linear function whose graph contains the two
given points.
19. (1, 1), (2, 5) 20. (3, 0), (8, 2) 21. (11, 19), (-6, -15)
I
22. (-3,2),(4,-1.5)23. (1,-1),(4,-1) 24. (1,2.4), (-1, 3.8)
a Challenge 25. a. Choose two points from the table and

write a rule for the linear function.
X y
-6 -15
b. Choose two other points from the table
and write a rule for the linear function. 1 -1
c. Writing in Math Compare the rules from 7 11
parts (a) and (b) Justify your observations.
11 19
Data Analysis For Exercises 26 and 27, use the data below.
26. Write a function rule for Electricity Rates
the total monthly cost for
Charge per
electric space heating. Type of Kilowatt-hour Monthly
Account (¢/kWh) Charge ($)
27. a. Write a function rule for
the total monthly bill
of a home customer.
I»
b. Suppose a home customer
receives a bill for $22.52 one
HS D I
month. How many kilowatt- stn tn
hours did the customer use
that month?
/ l .I (
/ II l
I
8-4 Writing Rules for Linear Functions 421

Test Prep
Multiple Choice 28. Which rule gives the same relationship between x and y as x + y = 6?
A. y = x + 6 B. y = X 6 C. y = 6 - x D. y = -6 - x
29. Which function rule describes the number of centimeters y as a

# ;a io to Err
5,ne lesson auiz at
function of a number of millimeters x?
F. y = 100x G. y = 10x H. y = 0.1x I. y = 0.01x
' www.PHSchool.com 30. Which rule shows the relationship of pounds, p, to ounces, z?
· · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0804 A. z = 16p B. z = 32p C. p = 16z D. p = 32z
Short Response 31. a. One gallon equals 4 quarts. Write a rule that expresses the
number of quarts q as a function of the number of gallons g.
b. Use your function from part (a) to find the number of quarts in
17 gallons.
g Mixed Review
Lesson 8-3 Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
32. C(0, -2), D(2, 1) 33. 1(3, -1), K(6, 1) 34. G(12, 8), H(6, 2)
Lesson 6-4 Probability Find each probability for choosing a letter at random
from the letters in the word FUNCTION.
35. P(N or C) 36. P(consonant) 37. P(notT)
Lesson 3-5 Q 38. Sports In 1999, Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco ran the mile in
world-record time. Had he taken 1.26 seconds longer, his time
would have matched the previous record of 3 min, 44.39 s. Write
and solve an equation to find the 1999 record time.
yf checkpoint Quiz1 Lessons &-1 through 8-4

• Instant self-check
fjmJ 1. Find three solutions of 9x - 2y = 18.
quiz online and
on CD-ROM 2. Graph 3.x y = 5 on a coordinate plane.
3. Is {(-2, 0), (-1, 3), (0,-2).(G, -1)} a function? Explain.
4. Writin
g,in Math Explain how to use the vertical-line test to
determine whether a relation is a function.
Find the slope of the line through the given points.

5. A(l,5),B(3,15) 6. D(-2, -4),F(0, -6) 7. G(3,4),H(3,=6)
8. What are the slope and they-intercept of y =-2x+ 5?

9. Measurement Write a rule to describe the number of pounds
p(n) as a function of a number of tons n.

Scatter Plots ~8-5 '\.·· . ·. . ·
lii
OBJECTIVE
mmenrmmmn What You'll Learn

'Y To interpret and
draw scatter plots
esti~ation
1
'Y To use scatter plots to
find trends
Making Scatter Plots ... And Why

1. Data Collection For each person in your group, measure the To solve real-world problems
height and hand span, the greatest distance possible between involving trends
the tips of the thumb and little finger on one hand.
2. Graph the lengths as ordered pairs (height, hand span).
/ Cheek Skills You'll Need
Write the coordinates of
3. a. Share your data with the class. Make a graph of the each point.
class data.
b. Reasoning Compare the two graphs you made. Does one 1. A
y
graph show a relationship between heights and hand spans 2. B B eD
more clearly than the other? Explain. • % 2
3. C C
2 O 2 X
4. D
2
A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two
sets of data. To make a scatter plot, graph the data as ordered pairs. ] ror help, go to Lesson 1-10.
New Vocabulary
1 EXAMPLE Real-World ) Problem Solving • scatter plot
• positive correlation
Income The scatter plot shows education and income data.
• negative correlation
a. Describe the person represented Learn and Earn • no correlation
by point A.
120
.
This person has 12 years of
education and earns $20,000
ma year.
=
&110
100
SO 90
@
lb
.•
...
}
B•
; 80
. ..
O
5 70 •
b. How many years of education o 60
0
: 50 e
does the person who earns @
$100,000 have? s 40
=
i::
:
30
e
. . f
The point (16, 100) has income < 20

10 . e
• ·A
coordinate 100. The person O
8 10 12 14 16
earning $100,000 in a year Years of Education Completed
• has 16 years of education.

1. a. Describe the person represented by point B. • interactive lesson
(j±
b. How many people have exactly 12 years of education? includes instant self-check,
8-5 Scatter Plots 423

2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,,) Problem Solving
Climate Use the table to make a scatter plot of the latitude and
temperature data.
Climate Data
Location Daily Mean
(degrees Mean Annual
north Temperature Precipitation
City latitude) (F) (inches)
Atlanta, GA 34 61 51
Boston,MA 42 51 42
Chicago, IL 42 49 36
Duluth,MN 47 39 30
Honolulu, HI 21 77 22
Houston,TX 30 68 46
Juneau,AK 58 41 54
Miami,FL 26 76 56
Phoenix,AZ 33 73 8
Portland, ME 44 45 44
San Diego, CA 33 64 10
Wichita,KS 38 56 29
SOURCES: The World Almanac and The Statistical Abstract of the United
States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a data update. Web Code: adg-2041
Climate Data
, 80
LL • •
L •
6 70
l
Q)
•
=
4-0 • a Plot the data
So co • for Atlanta
E • as (34, 61).
Q)
50
r
••
(co
Q) •
> 40
• •
2
G
co
0
20 30 40 50 60
Locations (degrees north latitude)
•
2. Use the table in Example 2.
a. Make a scatter plot of the latitude and precipitation data.
b. Make a scatter plot of the temperature and precipitation
data. Plot temperatures along the horizontal axis of
the graph.
.r
OBJECTIVE
'glim:ATTEND:TNT
You can use scatter plots to look for trends. The next three scatter
plots show the types of relationships two sets of data may have.
Reading Math
"Positive slope" in a
scatter plot suggests a
• %
•o ® • • • positive correlation.
® e e • • •• • • • • "Negative slope"
•• • •• •
• suggests a negative
•
•
• • • • •
• correlation.
• • • •
\ 0 0 0
Positive correlation Negative correlation No correlation
As one set of values As one set of values The values show
increases, the other set increases, the other no relationship.
tends to increase. set tends to decrease.
3 EXAMPLE Real-World ,,j) Problem Solving
Sports Use the scatter plot below. Is there a positive correlation,

a negative correlation, or no correlation between the years and
the winning times? Explain.
Olympic Games:
Men's 110-Meter Hurdles
o
o
13.8
• •
E>13.6
• •
5QF 1. • • • • •
g g13.2
5"©13.0 • • •
Z 12.8
o'--1,---------------
I DD <to0 l © tool©o
n
O\
0\ 0\
r> >
0\ 0\ 0\ 0\
0
0\
00
0\
0
0\
ON
0\
\ C
0\
t f # # f # # ¢ t @ @ @ ff\]
Years
l Since 1952, the winning times have generally decreased. There is

a negative correlation.
/ Check Uderstanding Example 3 Olympic Games: Women's Long Jump
3. Sports Use the scatter plot at s

% 8.5
the right. Is there a positive Co
2 8.0
correlation, a negative correlation, or 3 75 •
5 • • •
no correlation between the years and 7.0
• • • • • •
the winning distances? Explain. 2 6.5
• • •
E 6.0
02ss+sass+ace
n r> t> 00 0 00 O\ O\ CD
0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0 0 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ DC
@ @ p p p ¢ # 4 f]
Years

EXERCISES ( ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
,,.-....
;) racate by trample Statistics The scatter plot shows D
La TV or Not TV?
=5
Example 1 the average times that 15 students 0
(page 423) spent watching television and on E 3.0 »
•
physical activities in a day. 2 2.5 • A
5 2.0 • •
1. Describe the student represented g is • •
by point A. 1.0
cd
• •
Reading Math 5 0.5 • • • •
2. How many students averaged 1 hour D
0
For help with reading
and solving Exercises of physical activity? ,>,
.: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Television (hours)
1-3, see page 429.
3. How many students averaged
5 hours of watching television?
Example 2 Nutrition For Exercises 4-6, use the table below. Make a scatter plot
(page 424) for the data indicated. Graph calories on the horizontal axis.
Nutritional Values for 100 Grams of Food
Fat Protein Carbohydrate Energy
Food (grams) (grams) (grams) (calories)
Bread 4 8 50 267
Cheese 33 25 1 403 =+a»
Natual
Chicken 4 31 0 165
Eggs 11 13 1 155
Ground beef 19 27 0 292
Milk 3 3 5 61
Peanuts 49 26 16 567
Pizza 5 12 33 223
Tuna 1 26 0 116
SOURCE: U. S. Department of Agriculture Nutrient Database
for Standard Reference
4. calories and grams of protein

5. calories and grams of fat
6. calories and grams of carbohydrates
Example 3 Is there a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or no

(page 425) correlation between the sets of data in each scatter plot? Explain.
7.
... . .
. 8.
.. .. . 9.
..
. .. . • . ... .
. .. . .
e
. » ®
...
0
.. . 0 0
10.
. .. .• 11.
.• . . . 12.
.. . . .. ...
. . .. ..
. .•. . . . ..
o %®
0
. 0 0

;) Aw lyvour si@is Data Analysis The scatter plot below shows the relationship between
the distances from school and the times it takes to get to school for
the students in one class.
13. How long does it take •
the student who lives
40 • •
•
0.5 mi from school
= 30 •• ••
to get to school?
14. How many students
=
5 20
• •• •
• .
live closer than 1 mi =
~ 10 • •
• •
from school? s
•
15. How many students take 0 1 2 3 4 5
longer than 35 min to get Distance (mi)
to school?
Would you expect a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or

no correlation between each pair of data sets? Explain.
16. the age of pets in a home and the number of pets in that home
17. the temperature outside and the number of layers of clothing
18. your grade on a test and the amount of time you studied
19. the shoe sizes and the shirt sizes for men
20. the times candles take to burn and their original heights
21. the number of students in a school and the number of stores near
a school
22. latitude and precipitation (seep. 424 Check Understanding 2a)
23. temperature and precipitation (seep. 424 Check Understanding 2b)
3l) challenge 24. Writin@in Mat Describe a pair of data sets, different from any in
this lesson, for which you would expect to see a scatter plot with a
negative correlation. Explain.
©) 25. Ticket Prices The table at the Number of Average
right shows the average prices of Admissions Ticket
movie tickets and the numbers Year (millions) Price
of movie admissions. 1990 1,189 $4.23
a. Make a scatter plot of the
1992 1,173 $4.15
data in the table. Graph the
prices of tickets on the 1994 1,292 $4.18
horizontal axis. 1996 1,339 $4.42
b. Data Analysis Is there a
1998 1,481 $4.69
positive correlation, a negative
SOURCE: Motion Picture Association
correlation, or no correlation of America
between the numbers of
admissions and the prices of tickets?
c. Reasoning Would your answer to part (b) be the same if you
graphed ticket prices on the vertical axis instead? Explain.

Test Prep
Multiple Choice 26. Which scatter plot shows that as the numbers of pages in
magazines increase, the weights of the magazines increase?
A. B.
• • •
.....on • J
•5
of
• • •
• • 4lo
.:
of
• • •
& • • •
> •
• > •
0 0
Pages Pages
C. D.
• • • • •
D • • • ID
• •
•
;a no ate Err ,
CO
of
cd • •
DO
,
of
cd
•
•
•
•
•
5ne iesson quiz at • • • •

: www.PHSchool.com 0
0 Weights
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0805 Weights
27. Which pair of data sets would most likely have no correlation?
F. the distances cars can travel on full tanks of gasoline and the
amounts of gasoline their tanks can hold
G. the ages of children under 12 years old and their heights
H. people's ring sizes and the numbers of rings they own
I. the numbers of students and the numbers of teachers in each
school in your state
Short Response In Exercises 28-30, (a) describe a graph with each given type of
correlation. (b) Sketch a graph showing each type of correlation.
28. positive 29. negative 30. no correlation
• Mixed Review
Lesson 8-4 Write a rule for each function.

31. 32. 33.
X y X y X f(x)
-4 10 -6 5 -2 9
-2 5 -3 3 1 6
0 0 0 1 4 3
2 5 3 -1 7 0
Lesson 7-7 Solve each formula for the variable indicated in red.
35. A=3(b+ c)h 36. s =}',
Lesson 6-7 ©37. Personal Finance Ms. Jimenez earns $27,000 per year. She is paid
weekly. She puts 8% of her salary in a retirement fund. How
much money goes into this fund each week?

Reading
mTT Math
For Use With Page 426, Exercises 1-3
To read a graph, you must understand its parts. You must also be able
to analyze what it shows. Graphs called scatter plots show correlations.
They tell you how, if at all, pairs of data sets are related.
EXAMPLE
StatisticsThe scatter plot shows the average times that 15 students oms
uh
La TV or Not TV?
spent watching television and the average times they spent on =
0
physical activity in a day. E 3.0 •
1. Describe the student represented by point A. 2 2.5 • A
Z 2.0 • •
2. How many students averaged 1 hour of physical activity? g is • •
1.0 •
I •
3. How many students averaged 5 hours of watching television? cd
5 0.5 • • • •
D
0
• Understand the parts. ,
>,
.: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Television (hours)
The labeling of the axes provides the key to understanding the
graph. You find hours of TV viewing on the horizontal axis. You
find hours of physical activity on the vertical axis. A plotted point
corresponds to an ordered pair (TV hours, activity hours).
1. Describe the student represented by point A.
This student averaged 4 hours of TV viewing and 2 hours of
physical activity daily.
2. How many students averaged 1 hour of physical activity?
Find 1 hour of physical activity on the vertical axis. Look
across and find three points. Three students averaged 1 hour
of physical activity.
3. How many students averaged 5 hours of watching TV?
Find 5 hours of television viewing on the horizontal axis. Look
above and find two points. Two students averaged 5 hours
watching TV.
• Analyze what the graph shows.
This graph is a scatter plot. You should decide what kind of
@ correlation, if any, the graph shows.
EXERCISES
1. Would you expect there to be a positive correlation, a negative
correlation, or no correlation between hours of physical activity
and hours of watching television? Justify your choice.
2. Does the scatter plot suggest a positive correlation, a negative
correlation, or no correlation? Explain.
Reading Math Reading a Graph 429

Problem
Solving Solve by Graphing
OBJECTIVE
v•
What You'll Learn
0
To solve problems by
graphing
'9-rm -----
Math Strategies in Action
... And Why Businesses and government
To solve real-world agencies use scatter plots to
problems involving
look for trends and make
wildlife populations
predictions.
sf Check Skills You'll Need For example, the park service
at Isle Royale, Michigan,
Write a rule for each
surveys the moose and wolf
linear function.
populations each spring. They
1. use a scatter plot to show the
relationship between them.
On the scatter plot they draw a
8 x trend line that closely fits the
data points in the scatter plot.
Using the trend line, they can Real-World (©,) Connection
predict the size of one population Moose, like the one shown
2. 8 y
from the size of the other. above, have wolves as a
principal predator.
4
.x
-8
1 EXAMPLE Real-World ,,) Problem Solving
Wildlife Use the data in the table below. Suppose there were
{ ror help, go to Lesson 8-4.
18 wolves one year. About how many moose would you expect to
be on the island that year?
New Vocabulary
• trend line Isle Royale Populations
Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose
1982 14 700 1988 12 1,653 1994 15 1,800
1983 23 900 1989 11 1,397 1995 16 2,400
1984 24 811 1990 15 1,216 1996 22 1,200
1985 22 1,062 1991 12 1,313 1997 24 500
1986 20 1,025 1992 12 1,600 1998 14 700
1987 16 1,380 1993 13 1,880 1999 25 750
SOURCE: Isle Royale National Park Service

(Read and Understand )
1. What are the two variables?

2. What are you trying to predict?
( Plan and Solve)
You can graph the data in a scatter plot. If the points show a
correlation, you can draw a trend line. You can then use the line
to predict other data values.
Step 1 Make a scatter plot Isle Royale Populations
by graphing the ( wolf, moose)
ordered pairs. Use the x-axis 2,400 •
for wolves and the y-axis
2,100
for moose.
Step 2 Sketch a trend line. 1,800
The line should be as close
, 1,500
as possible to each data D
0
point. There should be
about as many points above
3 1.200
the trend line as below it. 900
Step 3 To predict the 600
number of moose when •
there are 18 wolves, find 300
18 along the horizontal axis.
Look up to find the point 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
on the trend line that Wolves
corresponds to 18 wolves.
Then look across to the value on
the vertical axis, which is about 1,200.
There will be about 1,200 moose when there are 18 wolves.
( Look Back and Check J

You can write an equation for a trend line. You can use the equation
to make predictions.
s/ Check Understanding
3. a. What is they-intercept of the trend line above?
b. Locate one other point on the trend line. Then find the slope
of the trend line.
c. Write an equation for the trend line in slope-intercept form.
d. Use the equation you wrote in part (c). Find the solution of
the equation when x = 18.
8-6 Solve by Graphing 431

EXERCISES 'f ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
O) wae by Example Solve each problem by graphing.

Example 1 Statistics For Exercises 1 and 2, use the data below. The table shows
(page 430) the populations of some states and the numbers of cars registered in
those states.
State Populations and Cars
Registered Registered
Population Cars Population Cars
State (millions) (millions) State (millions) (millions)
FL 14.4 7.2 NY 18.1 7.9
GA 7.3 3.8 OH 11.2 6.6
IL 11.8 6.2 PA 12.0 5.9
KS 2.6 1.2 SC 3.7 1.8
ME 1.2 0.6 TN 5.3 3.0
MS 2.7 1.3 TX 19.1 7.4
NV 1.6 0.6 WA 5.5 2.6
Strategies
SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a data
update. Web Code: adg-2041
• Account for All
Possibilities 1. a. Use the data to make a scatter plot of the data. Use the
• Draw a Diagram population data for the horizontal axis.
• Look for a Pattern b. Draw a trend line.
• Make a Model c. Predict how many cars are registered by the 32.2 million
• Make a Table people in California.
• Simplify the Problem d. Write an equation for your trend line. Predict the number of
• Simulate the Problem cars registered by the 7.3 million people in North Carolina.
• Solve by Graphing
• Try, Test, Revise
2. Writing in Math Is there a correlation between the two data sets?
Explain.
• Use Multiple Strategies
• Work Backward 3. Data Analysis Use the data in the table below. Predict the number
• Write an Equation of gallons bought for $15.
• Write a Proportion
Gasoline Purchases
Dollars Spent 12 14 11 12 10 6 10 8
Gallons Bought 7.3 8.0 5.9 6.5 5.7 3.5 5.1 4.4
O www Your Skills Solve using any strategy.

~ 4. Elections Four candidates are running for president of the student
council. Three other candidates are running for vice-president.
in Math
Writing et
"e- .
How many different ways can the two offices be filled?
For help with justifying © 5. Business A supermarket charges $1.17 for a 12-oz jar of salsa and
your answer to Exercise 5, $1.89 for a 20-oz jar. Now the producer is introducing a 16-0z jar
see page 434. of the same salsa. What do you think would be a fair price for this
new size? Justify your answer to the manager of the store.

6. (Algebra) A plumber charges $45 for a service call, plus $70/h for
her time.
a. Find the cost of a two-hour service call.
b. How long was a service call that cost $150?
7. Engineering To provide wheelchair access, a ramp with a slope of
j's is being built to a door of a building. Suppose that the bottom
of the door is 3 ft above street level. How far will the ramp extend
from the building?
(3) challenge @ 8. Physics As the weight held by a spring increases, the length of the
spring increases proportionally. Suppose a 2-lb weight stretches a
spring to 15 in., and a 12-lb weight stretches the same spring to 20 in.
What is the length of the spring with no weight attached?
9. The data table on page 430 shows 18 data pairs. Its scatter plot
(page 431) shows 17 plotted points. Make a conjecture as to why
this is so. Study the table to verify or disprove your conjecture.
I Test Prep
Multiple Choice 10. Which ordered pair is a solution for 4x 3y = 6?

A. (-3, 2)B. (3,2) C. 2)
(3, D. (-3, -2)
11. What is the slope of the line through A(2, 6) and 8(8, -1 )?
#a iio iie er
---------
6 4 5 7
F.-; G. % H.5 I. =5
5,ne lesson auiz at 12. What is the slope of the graph of 3x 2y = 6?
' www.PHSchool.com
· · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0806 A.3 B. 3 c3
13. What is they-intercept of the graph of 3x 2y = 6?
F.-3 G. 2 H. 3 I. 6
Short Response 14. One gallon equals 4 quarts. (a) Write a rule that expresses the
number of gallons g of a liquid as a function of the number of
quarts q. (II) Use the rule to find the number of gallons in 30 quarts.
• Mixed Review
Lesson 8-2 Find the solutions of each equation for x = -3,0, and 2.
15. y=-3x 16.y=±r+4 17.y=0.5x- 2
18. 3x + 7 = 4x - 12 19. 7t + 3 - 4t =(6
20. 8(2- c)- 12=-3c 21.-2x + 3(5= x) = 5
Lesson 6-622. Food About 150 million of the 20 billion hot dogs consumed in
the United States each year are eaten during the Fourth of July
weekend. What percent of the hot dogs are eaten at this time?
8-6 Solve by Graphing 433

When you present mathematical information to persuade someone to
your point of view, you should do the following:
• Identify your audience and your goal.
• Summarize the mathematics behind your view.
• Create a graph or other visual display to support your view.
EXAMPLE
Business A supermarket charges $1.17 for a 12-oz jar of salsa and

$1.89 for a 20-oz jar. Now the manufacturer is introducing a 16-oz jar
of the same salsa. What do you think would be a fair price for this
new size? Justify your answer.
• Identify your audience and your goal.
Your audience is the manager. Your goal is to decide on a price for
the 16-oz jar and then convince the manager that this price is fair.
; e Summarize the mathematics behind your thinking.
Writing solutions to word problems is excellent practice for this.
Here, you find the unit price for each jar size.
$1.17 A Fair Price for 16 oz
12 oz = $.0975/oz Find the 12-0z-jar unit price.
$1.89 2.00 } $1.89

20 oz = $.0945/oz Find the 20-oz-jar unit price. [bf
$1.54
16 oz is halfway between 12 oz and 20 oz. A unit price
halfway between $.0975 and $.0945 seems fair.
$.0975 + $.094.5 5,996 Find the average.
16 · $.096 = $1.54 Find the 16-0z-jar price.
A fair price for a 16-oz jar is $1.54.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
• • Make a visual display (at right) to support your view. Jar Size (ounces)
EXERCISES
1. What do you think would be a reasonable price for an 18-oz jar of
the salsa in the example?
2. Your family eats two boxes of cereal each week. Your family buys
15-oz boxes costing $2.89 each. A 28-oz box of the same cereal is $4.79.
You think that buying the larger size is better. Persuade your family to
your point of view using mathematics, explanation, and a visual display.
(Hint: Show what happens over an extended length of time, such as a year.)
434 Writing in Math Writing to Persuade

Solving Systems
of Linear Equations
Yll
OBJECTIVE
mTHIATH2ID What You'll Learn

To solve systems of
linear equations
Two or more linear equations form a system of linear equations. by graphing
A solution of the system is any ordered pair that is a solution of each To use systems of
equation in the system. linear equations to
solve problems
You can solve some systems of equations by graphing the equations
on a coordinate plane and identifying the point(s) of intersection. ... And Why
involving carpentry
1 EXAMPLE Solving a System by Graphing
Solve the system y = .X + 1 and y = 21 + 4 by graphing. sf Check Skills You'll Need

Step 1 Graph each line.
1. y = -x - 4
2.y = 2x - l
3. -4x = 6y
4. 3x = 2y = 5
] ror help, go to Lesson 8-2.
Step 2 Find the point of intersection. New Vocabulary

• system of linear
The lines intersect at one point, (-1, 2). The solution is (-1, 2). equations
Check See whether (1,2) makes both equations true.

y=-x+l y=2x+4
22 -(1)+ 1 Replace x with -1 2 2 2( 1) + 4
andywith2.
• 2= 2 vV The solution checks . 2= 2

1. Solve each system of equations by graphing. Check each solution.
a. y =x 6 b. y = 3x - 3
y=-2x x+y=l
When the graphs of two equations are parallel, there is no point of

intersection. The system has no solution.
When the graphs of two equations are the same line, all the points • interactive lesson
fEu
on the line are solutions. The system has infinitely many solutions.
8-7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations 435

2 EXAMPLE Solving Special Systems
Solve each system of equations by graphing.

a. x + y = 1; y = -x + 3 b. x- 2y = 4; 2r- 4y = 8
The lines are parallel. The graphs are the same line.
They do not intersect. There are infinitely many
• There is no solution. solutions.

2. Solve each system by graphing.
a. y = x 6; b. y = x + 4;
x y=6 y=x
OBJECTIVE
TITTL]VIESCA:TTTTTETD
You can write and graph systems of equations to solve problems.
3 EXAMPLE Using a System of Equations
Find two numbers with a sum of 6 and a difference of 4.

Graphing Calculator Hit
You can use a graphing Step 1 Write equations.
calculator to check
your solution of a
Let x = the greater number.
system. Write the Let y = the lesser number.
equations in slope-
Equation 1 Sum IS 6.
intercept form,
x +.y 6
press Zl, and enter
them as Y, and Y,. Equation 2 Difference IS 4.
Then use the CALC x.y 4
menu to find the
coordinates of the Step 2 Graph the equations.
intersection point. The lines intersect at (5, 1).
The numbers are 5 and 1.
Check Since the sum of 5 and 1 is 6 and the difference of 5 and 1
• is 4, the answer is correct.
af Check Uderstanding Example 3

3. Find two numbers with a difference of 2 and a sum of -8.

You can solve some problems involving two variables by writing
and graphing a system of equations, or you may be able to use one
variable to write and solve an equation.
More Than One Way

carpentry A carpenter cuts an 8-ft board into two pieces. One
piece is three times as long as the other. What is the length of
each piece?
Roberto's Method
Write and graph a system of equations.
Let x= length of longer piece; y = length of shorter piece.
Equation 1 Longer piece is three times shorter piece.
X == 3 y
Equation 2 Sum of lengths is eight.
X + y 8
Graph the equations.
The lines intersect at (6, 2). The lengths are 6 ft and 2 ft.
Michelle's Method
Write a one-variable equation.
Let x = length of shorter piece; 3x = length of longer piece.
Equation Shorter piece plus longer piece is 8 feet.
X + 3x = 8
4x =8
x =2
The shorter piece is 2 ft, and the longer piece is 3(2) = 6 ft.
Choose a Method
1. Which method would you use to find
the lengths? Explain.
2. In Roberto's Method, suppose x = length
of shorter piece. What difference would this make
in the equations and the graph?

EXERCISES 1 For more exercises, see Extra Practice.
0 Practice by Example Check whether (-1, 5) is a solution of each system of equations. Show
Example 1 your work.
(page 434)
1. x + y = 4 =-2x+ 3
2. y 3. 2x = y - 7
x y= 6 y=.x 4 2y = -x + 9
Solve each system of equations by graphing. Check each solution.

4. y = X + 1 = 2x + 5
5. y 6.y = X + 1
y = 3.x 7 x+y=8 y == .x 3
7. y =X+ 5 8. y =x 4 9. y = 2x - 2
y =-2x + 8 y = 3x y=6
Example 2 10. -3x + y = 5 11.y=-x-3 12. y =6- 2x
(page 435) y = 3x 7 y = -x + 2 2x + y = -6
13. y =-2x + 1 14. y= 3x 15. y =X+ 2
2x+y=-1 y= -3x x y = -2
Example 3 16. Find two numbers with a sum of -8 and a difference of 4.

(page 435) Let x be the greater number and y be the lesser number.
O www» Your Skills Is each ordered pair a solution of the given system of equations?
Show your work.
17. 2 + 5y= 3
y = 7.5x; (1.5, 0.2)
18. 6.x 6y = 2
3r+9y=-7.
·3-4.-
@ 19. Kites A four-foot-long wooden rod is cut into two pieces to make
a kite. One piece is three times as long as the other.
2)
3
a. Let x = the length of the longer piece.

Let y = the length of the shorter piece.
Write a system of equations to find the length of each piece.
b. Solve the system by graphing. State the length of each piece.
Solve each system of equations by graphing. Check each solution.

20. X + y =3 21. y = 2x 4 22. x y = -4
2x = 10 - 2y 2x-y=4 x+y=6
23. 2x = 4y = 4 24. y = X - 2 25. 3y = 2x = 3
y = 0.5.x = 1 X + 3y = 6 6y = 4x + 6
26. Geometry The perimeter of a rectangle is 24 ft. Its length is five
times its width. Let x be the length and y be the width. What is the
area of the rectangle?
27. The difference of two numbers is 5. The result when the greater
number is decreased by twice the lesser is 9. Let x be the greater
number and y be the lesser number. Find the numbers.

28. There are 11 animals in a barnyard. Some are chickens and some
are cows. There are 38 legs in all. Let x be the number of chickens
and y be the number of cows. How many of each animal are in
the barnyard?
29. One sales position pays $200/wk plus 10% commission. Another
sales position pays $150/wk plus 20% commission.
a. For each job, write an equation that relates the amount of
sales x for one week to the money earned y.
b. Solve the system from part (a) to find the amount of sales in
a week that will earn the same amount from each job. Show
your work.
c. If weekly sales at each job are about $600, at which job can you
earn more money? Explain.
30. a. Graph each system of equations on a separate coordinate
plane.
y = 3x + l; y = 3x=2 y = - 2x - l; y =-2.x + 4
b. Writing inathM Based on part (a), write a conjecture about
solutions to systems of equations that have the same slope.
3) amanse Open-Ended Write a system of equations with the given solutions.

31. no solution 32. one solution 33. infinitely many
34. Geometry The graphs of y = 3, y = 7, x = 2, and x = 5 contain

the sides of a rectangle. Find the area of the rectangle.
35. Solve the system y = x + 2,y = 4x + 11, and y =-2r- 7,
Test Prep
Multiple Choice 36. What is the solution of the system

y = X + 4; y = 4x + 12
A. (0,1) B. (O, 4) C. (1, 4) D. (1, 5)
37. How many solutions does the system have

2x + 4y = 10; X + 2y = 10?
F. 0 G.1 H. 2 I. infinitely many
38. Use the system x + y = -6; X y = 2. How are the x-coordinate
and the y-coordinate of the solution related? }
A. y = - 2x B. y = 2x C. x =2y D. x = 2y
Extended Response 39. There are 16 questions on a test. Each question is worth either
5 points or 10 points. The total is 100 points.
a. Let x = the number of 5-point questions.
Let y = the number of 10-point questions.
j
g
iu iio ta rr
5,re tesson auiz at
Write a system of equations to find the number of each
type of question.
' www.PHSchool.com b. Solve the system by graphing.
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0807 C. How many questions of each type are on the test?

M ixed Review
Lesson 8-5 40. Use the scatter plot at the right. O

uh
«
•
a. How much time did the 3
.c:
8
person who saw four saw •
26 •
movies spend?
b. How many people saw more
=4
O
• •
• •
than three movies? > ••
a
c. How many people spent ES 2 ••

co
less than three hours D
CO
watching movies? 5 2 4 6
~ Number of Movies Seen
Lesson 7-6 Solve each inequality.

41. 1 - X <5 42. 31 1 < 17
43.-2c + 5== 3 44. m + 4 > -10
Lesson 6-4 Probability Find each probability for one roll of a number cube.
45. P(2) 46. P(6 or 5) 47. P(1) 48. P( 4, 2, or 5)
Jf checkpoint Quiz 2 Lessons 8-5 through 8-7

• instant self-check
fa 1. a. Statistics Usethetableatthe Media in the United States
quiz online and right. Make a scatter plot Daily Television
on CD-ROM Newspaper Sets in
relating daily newspaper
Circulation Homes
circulation and television sets. Year (millions) (millions)
b. Is there is a positive correlation, 1980 62 128
a negative correlation, or no 1985 63 155
correlation between daily 1990 62 193
newspaper circulation and the 1991 61 193
number of television sets in 1992 60 192
1993 60 201
homes? Explain. 1994 59 211
c. Data Analysis Draw a trend 1995 57 217
line on your scatter plot. Use L996 57 223
it to predict the number of SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United States.
Go to www.PHSchool.com for a data update.
television sets when newspaper Web Code: adg-2041
circulation is 55 million.
Solve each system by graphing.

2. y =-4x 3. xy= l 4. 6x + 2y = 12
y = -x + 6 X + y ==-7 y = 3x
5. Measurement One gallon of liquid occupies 231 cubic inches.
Write a rule that expresses the number of gallons g(c) as a
function of the number of cubic inches c.
6. Find two numbers with a sum of -4 and a difference of 10.

Graphing Linear Inequalities 8-
"1,a
8
OBJECTIVE
What You'll Learn

To graph linear
inequalities
If you replace the equal sign in a linear equation with >, <,=,or <, To graph systems of
the result is a linear inequality. The graph of a linear inequality is a linear inequalities
region of the coordinate plane bounded by a line. Every point in the
region is a solution of the inequality. ... And Why
To solve real-world situations
involving grocery shopping
1 EXAMPLE Graphing a Linear Inequality and earnings from jobs
Graph each inequality on a coordinate plane. f Cheek Skills You'll Need

a.y<r+2 b.y<-2x Is the given value of
x a solution of the
Step 1 Graph the boundary line.
inequality? Explain.
Points on the boundary 1.x + 3=-2;.r=-5
a line =
make y x + 2
\ y
true. Use a solid line. 2. 5 - X < 4;x = 1
Points on the -2
y=-2r\,
~-\__,,.,__
0 , 2
_
X
3.-2-2r<6;x==-4
4.4x +1>-7;x=-2
boundary line -9] >
I do not mak e { ror help, go to Lesson 7-6.
y <-2x true.
Use a dashed line. New Vocabulary
• linear inequality
Step 2 Test a point not on the boundary line. • system of linear
Test (0,0) Test (1, 1) inequalities
in the inequality. in the inequality.
y<x+2 y < -2x
9 9
0<=0+ 2 Substitute. 1-2(1) Substitute.
0<2 ? true 1 <-2X false
Since the inequality

is true for (0, 0),
7
_r shade the region
[. y
\ 2
(0,0)
containing (0, 0).
y< -2w' \
,09
23 Since the inequality<_ 2 0, 2 X
-2 is false for (1, 1), A \

shade the region 2] • interactive lesson
that does not (j=@
contain (1, 1). includes instant self-check,
8-8 Graphing Linear Inequalities 441

• Need Help?
< means "is less than."
1. Graph each inequality on its own coordinate plane.
a. y=3x- 1 b. y > -x + 3 c. y < 2x - 4

> means "is greater
than."
< means "is less than
or equal to."
2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving
> means "is greater
than or equal to."
Grocery Shopping Apricots cost $3/lb. Tomatoes cost $1/lb.
You plan to spend no more than $10. How many pounds of
each can you buy?
Step 1 Write an inequality.
Words cost of plus cost of is at most ten
apricots tomatoes dollars
Let x = number of pounds of apricots.
Let y = number of pounds of tomatoes.
Inequality 3x + y 10
Step 2 Write the equation Step 4 Test (1, 1).
of the boundary line in
y<-3x + 10
slope-intercept form.
3x + y< 10
1<-3(1) + 10
Real-World $6,) Connection
y<-3x + 10 1 <7 V
There are over 3,100 farmers
markets in the United States. y =3r + 10
The inequality is true.
(1, 1) is a solution.
Step 3 Graph y = 3x + 10
in Quadrant I since weight Step 5 Shade the region
is not negative. containing (1, 1).
¥ ¥
10 10
9 9
$
o
e %o o
# 7 % 7
5 e 5 6
5
%
5
%
o 4 o f
F 3 F 3
&= ? 3
D
2
1
O 1 2 5456 7x O 2 3456 7x
Pounds of Apricots Pounds of Apricots
The graph shows the possible

solutions. For example, you
could buy 1 pound of apricots
• and 5 pounds of tomatoes .

2. Adult tickets to the school play cost $4. Children's tickets cost
$2. Your goal is to sell tickets worth at least $30. Let x be the
number of children's tickets and y be the number of adult
tickets. Graph a linear inequality to show how many of each
type of ticket you must sell to reach your goal.
OBJECTIVE
ETCITTY]VTTTITITTED
Two or more linear inequalities form a system of linear inequalities.
A solution of a system of linear inequalities is any ordered pair that
makes each inequality in the system true. To solve a system, graph the
inequalities on one coordinate plane.
3 EXANIP LE Solving a System of Linear Inequalities
Solve the system y > x and y < -.x + 2by graphing.

Step 1 Graph y> x Step2Graph.y <-.x +2
on a coordinate plane. on the same coordinate plane.
-2 40 2 4 x
?
/-2
?
¥
The solutions are the coordinates of all the points in the region
that is shaded in both colors.
Check The point ( -1, 0) is in the solution region. Check whether
(-1, 0) makes both of the inequalities true.
y>x y<-x+2
? ?
0 > -1 Replace x with-1 and y with 0. 0-(1) + 2
• ()> l The solution checks. 0<3
sf Check Understanding Example 3

3. Solve each system by graphing.
a. y<-2x- 5 b. y > x -1
y<{ y < 3x + 4

EXERCISES ts, more exercises, see Extra Practice.
;) Practice by trample The graph of each inequality is bounded by a line. State whether the
Example 1 boundary line is solid or dashed.
(page 441)
1. y > X 2. y<-.x+ I 3. y ==.x- 1
Graph each inequality on its own coordinate plane.

4. y >x (6 5. y <-x+ 8 6, y> +2
x
7. y =2 1 8. y <-{r + 1 9. y < 2x + 1
Example 2 Solve each inequality for y.

(page 442)
10. 4x +y <-3 11.=y < 2x 12. 2r + 3y <= 7
For Exercises 13--15, show all the solutions by writing and graphing
a linear inequality.
I
13. Find two nonnegative numbers with a sum greater than three.
A number is greater than or equal to three times another
14.
number. What are the numbers?
@ 15. Collections Melissa has a collection of dimes and nickels with a
total face value of less than one dollar. Let x be the number of
dimes and y be the number of nickels. How many of each type
of coin does she have?
Example 3 Solve each system of inequalities by graphing. Use a point on the

(page 443) x- or y-axis to check each solution.
16. y >-X 17. y <x 18. y >-X 19. y <=-.x + 1
y<x+6 y=-x- 4 y>2x+3 y>x-5
0 Apply Your Skills Choose a linear inequality to match each graph .

20. 21. } 4 y
-5 I -2 0 X
I
I -2
I
I
I -4
Y
A.y =.x B.y .x = F. X <4 G.x >-4
C.-y=-.x D. y <-.x H. .x < -4 l. x>-4
22. Writing in Math Describe the difference between the graph of

y <x and the graph of -y < x.

Graph each inequality on its own coordinate plane.
23. r-y>10 24.y =5 25.y =-5r
26. 9x + 3y <3 27..x- 2y=-12 28.-6x = 4y> 8
~ 29. a. Income You can earn $6/h mowing lawns and $3/h baby-
sitting. You want to earn at least $45. Let x = number of hours
mowing lawns and y = number of hours baby-sitting. Write a
linear inequality to model this situation.
b. Graph the linear inequality.
c. If you baby-sit for 6 hours, what is the number of hours you
will need to mow lawns to earn $45?
Write the equation of each boundary line in slope-intercept form.

State whether the boundary line is solid or dashed.
30. X + y <=-3 31. x y= 7 32.-y> 4x
33.-y =-3r 34. 5x + 3y =9 35. 4.x 2y > 10
36. Medium drinks cost $2 and large drinks cost $3. Let x be the
number of medium drinks sold and y be the number of large
drinks sold. How many drinks must the vendor sell to have at
least $60 in sales? Show all possible solutions by graphing a
linear inequality.
Solve each system of inequalities by graphing.

37. 2x + y <=4 38. X+ y > -3 39. X <6
y+ 1=-2x x-y<5 y < 2x
40. y <4 41. -2x +y>l 42. 3x +y>5
X > -5 X + 2y < 2 y=-2
43. Writing,in Matl How is graphing an inequality on a coordinate

plane similar to graphing an inequality on a number line? How is
it different?
a Challenge Open-Ended Write a system of inequalities with the solutions

indicated. If such a system is not possible, tell why.
44. no solutions 45. all real numbers 46. the points of a line
Reasoning Write a system of inequalities to describe each graph.

47. > } 48.
I
-2 O 1 4
i2 I:
I
L ---L+---
}
-4 I
1
1
J

Test Prep
Multiple Choice 49. Which inequality has the same solutions as y =-2x + 1?
A. 2x +y< 1 B. 2x +y T =
C. 2x-y= 1 D.2x> y 1 =
50. Which describes the graph of y :::s; -x + 2?
F. shading above a solid boundary line
'# ;%note Er
5re lesson quiz at
G. shading below a solid boundary line
H. shading above a dashed boundary line
: www.PHSchool.com I. shading below a dashed boundary line
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0808
51. You want to spend less than $20 on asparagus and green beans.
Asparagus costs $3.00 per pound and green beans cost $.50
per pound. Let a represent the asparagus and g represent the
green beans. Which inequality models what you can spend?
A. 3a +0.5g>20 B. 3a + 0.5g 20 =
C. 3a + 0.5g <20 D. 3a + 0.5g < 20
52. Which inequality has a graph with shading below a dashed
boundary line?
F. 2x + y >-3 G. 2x +y= -3
H. 2x + y <-3 I. 2x+y<-3
53. Which point is a solution of the system y = 0;x < 0?

A. (1, 1) B. (-1, 1) C. (1, -1) D. (-1, -1)
Short Response 54. Explain how to graph y = 2x + 3. Then graph the inequality.
Mixed Review
Lesson 8-7 Solve each system of equations by graphing. Check each solution.
55. X +y= 8 56. y = 2x - l 57. 3y =-2x-- 3
x y = -2 2x-y=3 3y = X - 12
Lesson 6-6 ~ 58. Endangered Animals In 1999, there were 162 California condors. Of
these birds, 113 were in captivity, 29 were living free in California,
and 20 were living free in Arizona.
a. What percent of the condors were living free in Arizona?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.
b. What percent of the condors were living free in all? Round
your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.

3
s9.m-}=} 6o.}c=3 61. j + w91
Lesson 4-6
62•" 63." ,°
Evaluate each expression for c = 4 and m =-3.
sa.," 6s.,,

I
r!
¢
\th
f% g s g= g m
t= urapnninig Inequalities
{
For Use With Lesson 8-8
Graphing an inequality on a calculator is similar to graphing an

equation. If your calculator does not graph dashed lines, you have to
remember the type of boundary line you need for the inequality.
EXAMPLE
Graphy > -x + 4. Plotl Plot2 Plot3

\Yi=L-X+4 IE
Step 1 Press the El key. \Y2=
Enter.x + 4. \Y3=
\Y4=
Step 2 Press [a to move to the left of Yl.

Press [EDEE] twice when
y is greater than the right side of the equation.
Press [ETD] three times when
y is less than the right side of the equation.
Step 3 Press [ml 6 to graph the inequality with the standard
viewing window. Then sketch the inequality.
0 4A
• 2 6 X
EXERCISES
Graph each inequality. Be sure your boundary line is correct.
1. y > 3x + l 2. y< 2x 3. y <.x- 5 4. y ==4x + 6
5. y<-2x 4 6. y < X +7 7. y > -3x + 4 8.y =-&r+1
Graph each system of inequalities. Sketch the solutions.
9. y >-X 10. y <=.x 11. y >-.X 12. y <=-.x + 1
y<x+6 y>-.x- 4 y>2x+3 y>x-5
13. Find and graph a system of inequalities that has no solution.
14. Find and graph a system of inequalities whose solutions are

the points of a line.
,,
Technology Graphing Inequalities 447
4.#a Test-Taking
Finding Multiple Correct Answers
iii!feldg Strategies
A multiple-correct-answer test item presents you with a question and

several possible answers labeled with Roman numerals. You have to
decide which of the answers are correct. Then you pick your list of
correct answers from the lettered choices given.
A good strategy to follow is to test each answer and mark it if correct.
EXAMPLE
For which equation(s) is (4, 6) a solution?

I. x y = -2 II. -x - y = -10 Ill. x y=2 IV. y x= 2
A. I and II only B. I, II, and Ill only C. I, II, and IV only D. Ill only
Test each answer.
Substitute 4 for x and 6 for y.
l.x-y=-2 11.-x-y=-10 Ill. x y=2 IV. y x = 2
4-6=-2 -4-6=-10 4-6=2 6-4=2
true true not true true
• Statements I, II, and IV (only) are correct; choice C.
EXERCISES
1. The slope of a line is -2. Through which pairs of points could the line pass?
I. (0,3) and (-2, 7) II. (0,-1) and (2,-5) Ill. (0, 0) and (3, 6) IV. (2, -3) and (-1,3)
A. I and II only B. I, II, and Ill only C. I, II, and IV only D. Ill only
2. For which system(s) of equations is (2, 3) the solution?

I.y=r+landy=-r +5 ll. y=2x = 1andy=3r+2
Ill.y =3x = 3andy = -2r +7 IV. y=lr+3'andy=-3x + 3
F. I and Ill only G. I, II, and Ill only H. I, II, and IV only I. Ill and IV only
3. Which system(s) of equations has no solution?

I. y = 3.x = 1 and y = -3x + 1 II. y=1.5.x = 2and y = 3x + 2
Ill. x + y = land y = -x + 3 IV. 2x + y = 4 and 2y = 4x + 2
A. Ill only B. II and Ill only C. I, II, and Ill only D. I, 11, Ill, and IV
448 Test-Taking Strategies Finding Multiple Answers

Chapter Review
Vocabulary
domain (p. 400) positive correlation (p. 425) system of linear
function (p. 400) range (p. 400) equations (p. 435)
function notation (p. 418) relation (p. 400) system of linear
function rule (p. 418) scatter plot (p. 423) inequalities (p. 443)
linear equation (p. 406) slope(p.411) trend line (p. 430)
linear inequality (p. 441) slope-intercept form (p. 413) vertical-line test (p. 401)
negative correlation (p. 425) solution (p. 405) y-intercept (p. 413)
no correlation (p. 425)
-1 , P
1 Reading Math
Understanding
Vocabulary
Choose the vocabulary term that correctly completes the sentence.
1. The tilt or slant of a line is its _.1_.
2. To determine whether the graph shows a function, use the _.1_.
3. On a scatter plot, when one set of values increases while the other
decreases, the data is said to have a ?.
4. When each member of a relation's domain is paired with exactly
one member of the range, the relation is a _.1_.
5. Any equation whose graph is a line is a 2.
6. The first coordinates in a set of ordered pairs is the? of the relation.
7. The second coordinates in a set of ordered pairs is the_? of
# ;a
>,ne
iio le er
vocabulary quiz 8.
the relation.
An ordered pair that makes an equation a true statement is a ?
: at www.PHSchool.com of the equation.
· · · · · · · · · Web Code: adj-0851
Skills and Concepts

8-1 Objectives Any set of ordered pairs is a relation. The domain of a relation is the
To determine whether set of first coordinates of the ordered pairs. The range is the set of
a relation is a function second coordinates. A function is a relation in which no two ordered
(p. 400) pairs have the same first coordinate.
To graph relations and
functions (p. 401)
Is each relation a function? Explain.
9. {(2.3).(4.3).(0.19.(-2.3)}
10.
l: ::3] 11. Domain
3-=
?=A'
Range
12. Is the amount of a long-distance telephone bill a function of time

spent talking on the telephone? Explain.
Chapter 8 Chapter Review 449

8-2 Objectives A solution of an equation with two variables is any ordered pair that
To find solutions of makes the equation true. The graph of a linear equation is a line.
equations with two
variables (p. 405)
Find the solutions of each equation for x =-3,0, and 2.
To graph linear
equations with two
variables (p. 406)
13. y= +5 r 14.y=-4x 15.y= 3r+3 16.y=6= 2x
8-3 Objectives Slope is a measure describing the tilt of a line, which you can calculate
y To find the slope of a . . vertical change difference in y-coordinates
line(p.411) using the ratio pjofizontal change>! difference in .x-coordinates
W To use slope-intercept One form of a linear equation is the slope-intercept form,
form in graphing a linear y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is they-intercept.
equation (p. 413)
Identify the slope and y-intercept of each equation. Then graph

each equation.
17. X +y= 7 18. x y = -2
19. 2x + 5y= 10 20. 3x - 2y = 12

21. 22. 23. 3 y
(0,
3'(2.=
-2
8-4 Objectives You can write a function rule from a verbal description, from a table
T To write a function rule of values, or from a graph.
for a word relationship
(p. 418) Write a rule for each function.
y To write a function rule
by analyzing a table or 24. X f(x) 25. X y 26.
graph (p. 419)
2 2 -3 -5
I 1 2 3
0 0 1 I
1 I 0 1
27. Tickets to a play cost $14 each by mail, plus a $2 processing fee
for each order of one or more tickets. Write a rule to describe
total cost c(t) as a function of the number of tickets t.
450 Chapter 8 Chapter Review

8-5 and 8-6 Objectives A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two sets
W To interpret and draw of data. A scatter plot can help you find trends between sets of data.
scatter plots (p. 423)
y To use scatter plots to Use the scatter plot at the right.
find trends (p. 425)
28. How long did the Calories Used While Bicycling
To solve problems by
graphing (p. 430) person who used
1 800
240 calories ride
,700 •
a bicycle? 9 600 •
500 •
29. How many calories did
% 400 •
the person who bicycled •• •
5 300 g
= 200
®
50 minutes use? • •
30. Data Analysis Is there a U 100
positive correlation, a 30 40 50 60 70
negative correlation, or no Time (min)
correlation between the time spent
bicycling and the calories used? Explain.
31. Data Analysis Carefully place a straightedge (preferably
transparent) on the scatter plot to serve as a trend line. Use the
trend line to predict the number of calories a person uses on a
70-min bicycle ride.
8-7 and 8-8 Objectives Two or more linear equations with the same variables form a
To solve systems of system of linear equations. A solution of a system of equations is
linear equations by any ordered pair that makes each equation true.
graphing (p. 435)
y To use systems of linear Two or more linear inequalities with the same variables form a
equations to solve
problems (p. 436) system of linear inequalities. A solution of a system of inequalities
To graph linear is any ordered pair that makes both inequalities true. You can
inequalities (p. 441) solve a system by graphing.
y To graph systems of linear
inequalities (p. 443) Graph each inequality.
32. y>21+5 33.y<-a+1
34. y= 3r-3 35.y<3x-2

36. y= 3r-3 37.3x+2y=6
y=-3r+1 r+4y=-8
38. y =.x- 5 39. y < 3x + 2
y =-2.x + l y > 3.x = 1
40. Explain why it is possible for a system of linear equations to

have no solutions.
Chapter 8 Chapter Review 451

Chapter Test #_a net ir
5,me chapter test at
: www.PHSchool.com
· · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-0852
Is each relation a function? Explain. Graph each inequality.

1. {(-2,-12),(-2,0),(-2,4),(-2,11)) 17. y=3x 1 18.y<=.x+5
2. {(8,1),(4,1),(0,1),(-15,1))
3. {(-4, -6), (-3, -2), (1, -2).(1. 0), (1, 3))
19. y = X - 1 20. X +y=4
4. {(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 2)) X = 2y 2x + 2y = 8
21. X + y = 3 22. y<3x- 2
y=x-5 y>x+4
5. y = 2x 6. y =-.x- 2
7. 2x - y = 4 8. 3y = Xx 6
23. Writing,i
n Math Is the amount of sales tax
paid a function of the labeled price of a
taxable item? Explain.
Find the slope of the line through each
pair of points. 24. Writing,in Math Is a person's age a function
of his or her height? Explain.
9. C(0, 1) and D(-5, 1)
25. Use the data in the table below.
10. M(-4, 1) and N(6, 3)
New York Thruway Tolls
11. J(-1,-2)andK(2,7)
Distance Toll Distance Toll
12. P(4, 9) and Q(-6, 12) (miles) (dollars) (miles) (dollars)
112 3.50 125 3.90
Write a rule for each function. 137 3.75 100 3.10
112 3.40 22 0.70
13. X f{x) 14. X f(x) 69 1.65 58 1.80
69 2.15 137 4.25
2 -3 -3 4
169 5.70 43 1.80
-1 -5 0 1 90 2.80 84 3.05
188 5.85 164 5.10
0 -7 3 2
1 -9 6 5 a. Make a ( distance, toll) scatter plot.

b. Draw a trend line. Predict the
Is there a positive correlation, a negative toll if a car travels 200 mi on the
correlation, or no correlation between the sets toll road.
of data in each scatter plot? Explain. c. Use your trend line to predict how far a
car traveled on the toll road if there was
15. 16. • a $4.50 toll.
• • • • d. Write an equation of your trend line .
• • ••
• • • • 26 . Open-Ended The slope of a line through
• • •• •
0
•
0
• • the origin is -¢.
Find the coordinates of
two points on the line.
452 Chapter 8 Chapter Test

C UMULATIVE REVIEW
CHAPTERS 1-8
Multiple Choice 8. What is the solution of2x 1) <-62

F. x=4 G. x<-4
1. An empty pot weighs 1 lb 11 oz. With
H. x == 4 I. x==-4
oatmeal in it, the pot weighs 3 lb 7 oz.
How much does the oatmeal weigh?
Gridded Response
A. 5 lb 2 oz B. 2 lb 3 oz
C. 1 lb 12 oz D. 1 lb4oz 9. The probability that a couple will give birth
to a pair of twins is 1 in 90. About how
2. Which equation has a solution of 8?
many pairs of twins would you expect to
F. 8x +8=64 G.9+ 7= 10 find in 250,000 births?
H.2z+5=11 I. 5n= 13= 27
10. Find the slope of the line through (3, 2)
3. Four friends split the cost of renting a car and (1,-2).
for a snorkeling trip. Each person also rents
11. In the scatter plot below, each point
a snorkel for $2. Each person pays a total
represents an athlete who ran in the
of $15. Which equation will help find the
100-m race. Greg won the race in the
cost c of renting the car?
least amount of time. What is Greg's
A. f+2=15 B. 15- 2#= c age in years?
C. 15-4c=2 D. 5+4= 15
Athletes' Ages and Times
4. Sara and Juan collect soccer cards. Sara has 6
fewer than three times the number of cards
Os,
D
28
J
Juan has. Together they have 42 cards. c: •
0 26
Solve c + (3c 6)= 42 to answer: How
O
o •• • •
uD
a
• •
many cards does each have? • •
••
on
o
24
•
F. Sara has 9 cards; Juan has 33 cards.
G. Sara has 33 cards; Juan has 9 cards.
=
~ 22
• • • •
H. Sara has 12 cards; Juan has 30 cards.
I. Sara has 30 cards; Juan has 12 cards. 11 12 - 13 14 15 16
5. Which ordered pair is not a solution of Ages (years)
4x + 2y = 16?
A. (=-2, 12) B. (5,- 2) Short Response
C. (2, 5) D. (1, 6) Find the solutions of each equation for the
given values of x. Show your work.
6. Which function represents the number of
kilograms k(n) as a function of the number 12. y = x + 12; x =-3,0, and 2
of grams n?
13. 4x 4y = 8; x =0, 2, and 4
F. k(n)= 1 00n G. k(n) = 0.01 n
H. k(n) = 1,000n I. k(n) = 0.001 n
Extended Response
7. Which point is a solution of the system?
y=x+2;y=2x- 2 14. a. Write the equation x + 3y
= 4in
slope-intercept form.
A.(6,4) B. (1, 3)
b. Find the slope and they-intercept of
C. (4,6) D. no solution
the line in part (a).
c. Graph the equation in part (a).
Chapter 8 Test Prep 453

' peat-World Snapshots
Virtual Progress
Applying Graphs Technology changes every day. When
your grandparents were kids, they watched black-and-white
TVs, listened to records, and used typewriters. Today,
people watch color TVs, listen to compact discs, and use Individual motors
computers. Tired of walking your dog? Robotic pets hit the control the joints.
market in 2000. Interested in becoming an astronaut?
New and Different Pets
Pilots and astronauts train with virtual reality gear.
Robotic pets use computers and
artificial intelligence to interact
with their environments.
Activity
Use the information on these two pages to answer the questions.
2001 Household Data
120~------------------~
Electronic Device
1. How many households have a television and not a VCR?

2. How many households with televisions do not have basic cable?
3. The number of households with personal computers is how many
times the number with DVD game consoles?
4. How many times as many households have a television as have a
DVD player?
5. How many households will get their first DVD player between
2001 and 2006?
6. a. About 70% of DVD households rent at least one DVD movie
per month. How many households is this?
b. Suppose this percent stays constant. About how many households
will rent at least one DVD movie in December 2006?
7. Reasoning What do you think is likely to happen to the number of
households with VCRs by 2006? Explain.
454
At Home Viewing
In 1997, most people watched
movies at home on VCRs. Then
DVDs hit the market. About
69 million households will have
DVD players by the year 2006.
!an io the NET

,,oration about DVDs, go to
or »re
Intelligent Modeling
: www.PHSchool.com.
3-D glasses help this researcher "touch" carbon atoms : . • • • • • • • Web Code: ade-0853
from a microscopic world in a virtual reality room.
Where You've Been
• In Chapter 3, you learned how to solve equations by multiplying
or dividing decimals, and how to use formulas.
• In Chapter 5, you learned how to solve equations by multiplying

fractions.
• In Chapter 7, you learned how to solve multi-step equations by

using inverse operations.
e Diagnosing R
•
(}sa '·tent self check
A1h ,/jne and on CD-ROM
(For help, go to the lesson in green.)
Naming Polygons (Previous Course)

Match each polygon to its name.
2. 3. 4.
A. quadrilateral B. pentagon C. octagon D. hexagon
Identifying Radius (Previous Course)

Give the radius of each circle.
5.
'% '·. 8.
" >
12cm 15 ft
Graphing on the Coordinate Plane (Lesson 1-10)

Graph each point on the same coordinate plane.
9. A(0, 7) 10. B(-2, 5) 11. E(4,0) 12. D(2, -4) 13. C(-3,-1)
14. F(1},-3) 15. G(0,0) 16.1(0,-1) 17.I(--4,-5)18. H(-5,-5)
456 Chapter 9 Spatial Thinking

Linear Functions and Graphing: 4iinr

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Linear Functions and Graphing: 4iinr

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Linear Functions and Graphing: 4iinr

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Linear Functions

l Where You're Going

You can use graphs to show real-world relationships visually.

Transportation The graph at the

Label the parts of each graph.

3. The graph at the right is a step graph. It shows the prices

398 Linear Functions and Graphing

You go to an amusement park and ride a moving horse on a

Investigation Modeling: Relating Graphs to Events 399

What You'll Learn

Is each relation a function? Explain.

List the domain values and the

O l Draw arrows from the domain

400 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

Domain Range Domain Range

There is one range value There is one range value

f Check Understanding Example 1

Functions can model many everyday situations when one quantity

2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Cooking Is the time needed to cook a turkey a function of the

af Check Understanding Example 2

8-1 Relations and Functions 401

Need Help? a. Graph the relation shown in the table.

b. Use the vertical-line test. Is the relation a function? Explain.

sf Check Uderstanding Example 3

402 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

C, Practice by Example Is each relation a function? Explain.

8-1 Relations and Functions 403

30. a. Open-Ended Write two different relations for which the

Lessons 7-1 and 7-3 Solve each equation.

404 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

limam:TSIATSOS7TEDD What You'll Learn

f Check Understanding Example 1

You can use two-variable equations to model real-world situations.

2 EXAIIPLE Real-World ) Problem Solving

Meteorology The equation t = 21 - O.Oln

8-2 Equations With Two Variables 405

3 EXAMPLE Graphing a Linear Equation

expression 3x 0 =3(0)+3=0+5=3 (0, 3)

Check Understanding Example 3

406 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

This is a horizontal line. This is a vertical line.

/ Check Understanding Example 4

Solve the equation for y.

Make a table of values. Graph.

a/ Check Understanding Example 5

8-2 Equations With Two Variables 407

Q Practice by Example Find the solution of each equation for x = -5.

Example 2 The equation k = 1.6d gives an approximate relationship between

Examples 3 and 4 Graph each linear equation. Is the equation a function?

Example 5 Solve each equation for y. Then graph the equation.

Is each ordered pair a solution of 4r- 3y = 6? Explain.

Find the solutions of each equation for x = -2, 1, and 4.

408 Chapter 8 Linear Functions and Graphing

Mountains Under the Sea

40. What is the pressure at 10 ft below sea level?

Lesson 8-1 Is each relation a function? Explain.

8-2 Equations With Two Variables 409

A direct variation is a linear function modeled by the equation