POPULARIZATION OF IMPROVED MAIZE VARIETY OF PHB-

3812(LIMU) AND ITS VALUE ADDITION AND MARKETING INKUPI

KEBELE, NONO SELE WOREDA ILUBABOR ZONE.

Department of Agricultural Extension &Rural Development

AN ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL

BY
SOLOMON OBSA

Program: Value Chain Oriented Agricultural Extension

College: Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary

Medicine

Sponsors: JUCAVM, SAFE and Oromia Regional State.

Advisor: Meskerem Million (Msc)

February, 2019

i
 Jimma, Ethiopia

DEDICATION
I dedicate this proposal to my mother Fikade Irena and my son Bonera solomon,
who is my first son.

ii
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR

First, I declare that this action research proposal is my believe work and that all sources of
materials used for this action research proposal have been duly acknowledged. This action
research proposal has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for advanced
B.Sc. degree at Jimma University and is deposited at the College Library to be made available to
borrowers under rules of the Library.

Name: Solomon Obsa

Signature: _____________________________
Place: Jimma University College of Agriculture
Date of Submission: ________________________

iii
Table Contents page
DEDICATION...............................................................................................................................ii
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR............................................................................................iii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................vi
BIOGRAPHYOF THE ACTION RESEARCHER..................................................................vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................................viii

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................x
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background and Justification.............................................................................................................1
1.2. Justification.......................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Statement of the problem...................................................................................................................3
1.4 Result Of Need Assessment...............................................................................................................4
1.5 Prioritization of the Problem..............................................................................................................6
1.6 Significance of the study..................................................................................................................7
1.7 Scope of the study..............................................................................................................................7
1.8. Objectives.........................................................................................................................................8
1.8.1. Production Objective.................................................................................................................................8
1.8.2 Value addition Objective..........................................................................................................................8
1.8.3. Marketing Objective..................................................................................................................................8
1.8.4. Learning Objective....................................................................................................................................8
1.9. Cost Benefit Analysis.......................................................................................................................9
2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY.................................................10
2.1. Description of study area................................................................................................................10
2.2. Demography...................................................................................................................................12
2.3. Climate............................................................................................................................................12
2.4. Farming system...............................................................................................................................12
2.5. Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques.........................................................................................13

iv
 2.6. Research Design Table..................................................................................................................15
3. KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION PLAN..........................................................................17
3.1. Farmers group discussion...............................................................................................................17
3.2. Training...........................................................................................................................................17
3.3. Demonstration................................................................................................................................17
3.4. Field day.........................................................................................................................................17
4. WORKPLAN AND RESOURCE MATRIX.........................................................................18
4.1. Human Resource............................................................................................................................18
4.2. Materials Resources.......................................................................................................................18
4.3. Source of Budget............................................................................................................................18
4.4. Work plan.......................................................................................................................................19
5. BUDGET REQUIREMENT..................................................................................................20
6. REFERENCE...........................................................................................................................21

v
LIST OF TABLE page
Table 1:- Result Analysis table
Table 2. Farmers’ production problem prioritization and ranking method.
Table 3. Cost benefit analysis of improved maize PHB-3812 (Limu) production
Table: 4 Research design table…….…………………………………………………………………

Table 5. work plan

Table 6. Budget requirement

vi
LIST OF FIGURE PAGE
Map of Oromia Regional State include Nono Sele Woreda……………………

vii
 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CSA Central statics analysis

GI Gross Income

Mo ARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

VCA Value Chain Analysis

NI Net Income

ARDO Agricultural and Rural development office

HH House Hold

TC Total Cost

Qt Quintal

DA Development Agent

PHB Pioneer Hi Bred

viii
 BIOGRAPHYOF THE ACTION RESEARCHER

Solomon Obsa was born on April 27, 1983 in Ilu ababor Zone Nono Sale woreda,
Derbeta Kebele. He attended his elementary and junior secondary education at Derbeta
Elementary and Junior Secondary School, and his secondary school education at Gore
Comprehensive Secondary School in Gore town. He joined Plant Science in Bako ATVT
College and graduated with Diploma in field of study in year 2003. Following his
graduation, he was employed by Nono sele woreda Department of Agriculture, Oromia
Regional State and served as expert until he joined the Jimma University College of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in 2018.

ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, I would like to thanks God for being with us in all aspects of our life, especially in our academic life.
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to my advisor Ms. Meskerem million (Msc) for her valuable
advice, insight and guidance from the initiation to the completion of this research proposal. It would have been
very difficult without her generous time devotion and contribution from the early beginning till the final
accomplishment of the proposal through adding his constructive and extremely useful comments.

I am deeply grateful to my sponsors: Oromia Regional State, Jimma University College of

Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) and Sasakawa Africa Fund for Education
(SAFE) for their provision of necessary support to let me join the advanced study on Value
Chain Oriented Agricultural Extension Program at Jimma University.

Finally, I want to express my sweetheart, my wife Yadate Ambisa who always been with her
love spiritually and physically as needed. She has been a source of strength and inspiration
throughout my work.

x
ABSTRACT
Maize became increasingly important in the food security of Ethiopia following the major
drought and famine that occurred in 1984. More than 9 million smallholder households grow
maize in Ethiopia at present. Maize is one of the first cereal crops which is cultivated in Ilu
abbabor Zone of Nono Sele woreda. Nono sele woreda have 21 kebeles which climates are
suitable for maize production. But maize yield of the district is low from the potential of the area
in terms of different factors. Those factors are shortage of improved seed variety, poor land
preparation, poor seed sowing method and time, poor management practices due to lack of
farmer’s awareness, poor soil fertility and weed problems. Others are Lack of improved
agronomic practices, Lack of appropriate sowing method on maize and lack of finance to buy
inputs in time, Lack of awareness on product value addition and its marketing, Shortage of good
storage and awareness of storing for long time. The main purpose of this study is to increase the
production of maize by using improved variety of PHB-3812 (LIMU) productivity from 46q/ha to
56q/ha in 2019 on 42 farmers. So I conduct this research proposal on Nono sele woreda wich
have 21 kebeles from this kebele I select Kupi kebele purposeful which have 250(HH). For this
study in terms of time and budget I select 42 target farmers to increase maize production, value
addition and marketing in the study area.
Keywords: benefits of maize variety PHB-3812 (LIMU) production value addition marketing
systems.

xi
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Justification
Maize has expanded rapidly and transformed production systems in Africa as a popular and
widely cultivated food crop since its introduction to the continent around 1500 A.D.
(McCann 2005). Maize is the major cereal crop that produced usually for the food
consumption widely in Ethiopia and also the source of income for the farmers in rural area.
Maize is a widely grown food, and cash crop that can be found within a broad range of
environments across SSA. In Ethiopia, maize is currently produced by more farmers than
any other crop (Chamberlin and Schmidt, 2012) and its total cropping area is still
expanding (Taffesse et al., 2012) Maize arrived in Ethiopia slightly later, around the late
17th century (Huffnagel 1961), and was mainly grown as a subsistence crop in the mid
altitudes (1500–2000 m above sea level) in southern, south-central, and southwestern parts
of the country. With increased production driving market prices down, maize became more
affordable (e.g., relative to other staples such as teff and wheat) to rural and urban
consumers. It is now increasingly used both separately as well as in mixed flour with other
more expensive cereals in traditional Ethiopian diets. Maize is the most important staple in
terms of calorie intake in rural Ethiopia. The 2004/5 national survey of consumption
expenditure indicated that maize accounted for 16.7 % of the national calorie intake
followed by sorghum (14.1 %) and wheat (12.6 %) among the major cereals (Berhane et al.
2011). Compared to the 1960s the share of maize consumption among cereals more than
doubled to nearly 30% in the 2000s, whereas the share of teff, a cereal that occupies the
largest area of all crops in Ethiopia, declined from more than 30% to about 18% during the
same period (Demeke 2012).
The popularity of maize in Ethiopia is partly because of its high value as a food crop as well
as the growing demand for the stover as animal fodder and source of fuel for rural families.
Approximately 88 % of maize produced in Ethiopia is consumed as food, both as green and

1
dry grain. Maize for industrial use has also supported growing demand. Very little maize is
currently used as feed but this too is changing in order to support a rapidly growing
urbanization and poultry industry. Unlike its neighbor, Kenya, which imports a significant
share for its consumption needs, Ethiopia has increasingly attained self-sufficiency in maize
production since early this decade and even exports some quantities to neighboring
countries (e.g., Sudan and Djibouti) in years of surplus production. Pioneer also actively
introduces new hybrids while pulling hybrids from the market when it has new, improved
hybrids to replace those older hybrids. For example, PHB-30D79 (Agar) is unlikely to be
available in 2014, whereas a new variety, PHB-3812 (Limu), will be promoted in its place
Maize production is the important to improve farmers yield and economics. However, when
we see the production of maize in Nono sele woreda mainly grown or cultivated for
consumption and is not focus on market. Because of farmer attitude is not fulfill believed
the maize as source on income. Also, maize is one of the most important produced crops in
Nono sele woreda and it ranks first followed by common bean in all kebele as well as it
stands first inland coverage.

1.2. Justification
This action research proposal is like other studies had its own predetermined objectives and
aims that it initially sought to achieve. maize is the most important product of agricultural
field crop to provide farmer-home consumption (food), for animal nutrition, maize holds
great promise for fighting hunger, increasing income and improving soil fertility and others
purposes.

According to the data gathered from the woreda development center and project area during
the need assessment currently there exists the low yield (38-42qut/ha) of improved maize
variety PHB3812,( limu) in the project area. This supposed to be because of lack of
improved seed, improper agronomic practices, lack of participate extension process hence
poor cultural practices. But according to data obtained Pioneer Hi Bred Private Seed
Companies with in the same Agro-ecology under the management of appropriate agronomic
practices up 65-70qut/ha yield on farmer field is harvested by using this maize variety. So
as a solution to existing low yield using appropriate agronomic management with row

2
sowing though farmers group discussion method in order to improving cultural once and
to increase maize production to 56qt//ha.

1.3 Statement of the problem

This action research proposal is like other studies had its own predetermined objectives and
aims that it initially sought to achieve. The extension of farming system is important to
develop farmer’s ability to growing crop yield by identifying their problems as well as to
solve their problems.

Maize is one of the most important crops in Nono sele woreda and it ranks first followed by common
bean in all kebele as well as it stand first in land coverage. The current maize productivity is 38-
42/ha due to different problems. But maize yield of the district is low from the potential of the area,
because of the major cause problems of shortage of improved seed variety , poor land
preparation , poor seed sowing method and time ,poor management practices due to lack of farmers
awareness, poor soil fertility and weed problems. Most of the farmers are widely used poor
productive maize seed variety (local seed) with poor growing practice and poor soil fertility.
Others are Lack of improved agronomic practices and Lack of appropriate sowing method
on maize, Shortage of improved seed and lack of finance to buy inputs in time, Lack of
awareness on product value addition and its marketing, Shortage of good storage and
awareness of storing for long time. Thus, the summation of these conditions is lead to low
yield per hectare and maize utilization.

To enhance the productivity of maize from 42quantal to 56 qunt through promoting improve
agronomic practice ,by using improved variety of PHB-3812 (LIMU), providing adequate
training on seed sowing method and time ,on good management practices, on method of applying
fertilizer to improve soil fertility and appropriate weed methods. Also by giving appropriate
awareness on product value addition and its marketing, good storage and awareness of
storing for long time and others are necessarily to solve the constraints of farmers and to
increase productivity of maize.

3
 1.4 Result Of Need Assessment
Table 1:- Result Analysis table

Key Farmers’ Knowledge Frs.’ Application

recommendations M F T % M F T %
or Questions
1 On maize variety
Correct 10 4 14 33. 9 4 13 30.9
3
Partial correct 11 4 15 35. 10 5 15 35.7
7
Incorrect 9 4 13 30. 11 3 14 33.4
9
2 On seed rate
Correct 9 4 13 30. 9 3 12 28.5
9
Partial correct 14 5 19 45. 12 4 16 38.9
2
Incorrect 7 3 10 23. 9 5 14 33.4
8
3 Sowing time

Correct 16 6 22 52. 14 19 45.2

5
3
Par. Correct 8 4 12 28. 10 4 14 33.4
5

4
 Incorrect 6 2 8 19 6 3 9 21.4
4 On land
preparation
Correct 15 4 19 45. 14 5 19 45.2
2
Partial correct 4 14 33. 10 3 13 30.9
10
4
Incorrect 5 4 9 21. 6 4 10 23.8
4
5 On maize spacing

Correct 10 3 13 30. 12 3 15 35.7

9
Partial correct 8 4 12 28. 13 5 18 42.8
5
Incorrect 12 5 17 40. 15 4 19 45.2
4
6 fertilization
application & time
Correct 13 4 17 40 12 5 17 40.4
Partial correct 9 3 12 28. 10 5 15 35.7
5
In correct 8 5 13 30. 8 2 10 23.8
9
7 On weeding time
Correct 11 5 16 38. 12 4 16 38.9
9
Partial correct 12 4 16 38. 11 5 16 38.9
9

5
 Incorrect 7 10 23. 7 3 10 23.8
3
8

8 On Harvesting
time
Correct 9 5 14 33. 10 4 14 33.4
4
Partial correct 14 17 40. 13 5 18 42.8
3
4
Incorrect 7 11 26. 7 3 10 23.8
4
1
9 On Storage

Correct 12 14 33. 13 5 18 42.8

2
4
Partial correct 12 6 18 42. 10 6 16 38
8
Incorrect 6 4 10 23. 7 1 8 19
8
10 On value chain&
marketing

Correct 9 2 11 26. 9 3 12 28.5

1
Partial correct 12 17 40. 13 6 18 42.8
5
4
Incorrect 9 5 14 33. 8 3 11 26.1
3

6
 1.5 Prioritization of the Problem

During the problem identification and prioritization of this farmers ‘production and product
value addition and its marketing 5 (five) major problems are selected by target farmers in
their severity power. These identified problems are shown by using preference ranking
method in the table below.

Table 2. Farmers’ production problem prioritization and ranking method.

No Problems identified Target farmers percen Rank

M F T tage

1
Lack awareness on improved agronomic practices
8 1 9 21.4 1
on maize.

Shortage (availability) of improved seed variety

2 6 2 8 19.04 2

Lack of finance to buy input in time

3 4 3 7 16.6 3

Lack of awareness on product value addition and

4 4 3 7 16.6 4
its marketing.
5
Insect pest
6 1 7 16.6 5
6 Shortage (availability) of improved seed variety
2 2 4 9.5 6
Total 30 12 42 100

Among the identified problems the first prioritized problem is lack of improved agronomic
practices and the second prioritized problem are lack of finance to by input in time. Maize is
7
one of the most important crops in the Area and it ranks first by its production and land
coverage followed by wheat. But maize yield of the district at the level of the farmers is
very low Because ,of the major cause problems are shortage of improved seed variety,
decreasing of crop productivity of per hectare, poor land preparation , poor seed sowing
method and time ,poor management practices due to lack of farmers awareness ,poor soil
fertility and weed problems. Most of farmers are widely used poor productive maize seed
variety (local seed) with poor growing practice and poor land productivity. This conditions
lead to low yield per hectare.

1.6 Significance of the study

The study has various importance’s for different stake holders like such as Government,
research expert and etc.

 It used for reviewing the rules and regulations of provision of maize production
To solve problems marketing and value addition problems and used as input for
improvement
 To provide information on the specific knowledge related to improvement in yield
and marketing helps the community in identifying the most critical opportunity and
constraints of maize production in their area.
 Helps to identify the production potential of the community of the area and helps in
adoption of the technology.
 It has advantages for extension worker to disseminate the technology easily by using
farmer’s field day, demonstration and other methods.

1.7 Scope of the study

This study is to conduct the farmers by random sampling technique for extension need on
increasing maize production of Ilubabor Zone, Nono sale woreda Kupi kebele at coming
season 2019 of maize production. Targeted beneficiaries are selected to study problem and
factors affecting maize production, Value addition and marketing of the area.

8
The total population of the farmers is 253HH and out of 180HH are maize input producers
that means the target for the study. Using sample size determination formula the sample size
of 64 farmers are selected for representative respondents because of budget and time 42 HH
farmers means that 30 men and 12 women are selected based on mathematical computation
and number of women in kebele was small, capacity of them on managements of crop and
proximity of their land to road for the study.

1.8. Objectives

1.8.1. Production Objective

 To increase the productivity of maize from 42quantal to 56 qunt through
promoting improved maize variety with appropriate agronomic practices by
participating 42 target farmers in the year 2019.

1.8.2 Value addition Objective

 To improve the quality of maize production through improved postharvest

managements such as harvesting technique and method, storage and storage
system.

1.8.3. Marketing Objective

 To create market linkage of 42 contact farmers with marketing cooperatives and
create marketing awareness for additional 164 farmers.

 To organize farmers to access market, time of selling the product as well as

identifying the place where the product have to be sell.

1.8.4. Learning Objective

 To evaluate the effectiveness of the methods demonstrations on sowing procedure
of PHB3812,( limu) among 42 farmers in year 2019.

1.9. Cost Benefit Analysis

9
No Item/kind of activities Unit Quantity Total cost
1 Improved variety seed kg/ha 20 1300
2 Fertilizer (DAP + UREA) kg 200 2700
3 Land preparation Ha 1 2300
4 Sowing Ha 1 2500
5 weeding Ha 1 1600
6 Harvesting Ha 1 1500
7 Transportation time 1 500
8 Storage 600
9 Others 800
10
Total cost 13800

11 Gross income =56 qu/ha*500 birr=28000 28800

12 Net income= gross income-Total cost 28000-13800=14200 14200

Total Cost=13800

Yield/ha= 56qu

Price/qu=500birr

Gross income=48qu*500=28000

Net income= gross income-total cost =28000birr-13800birr=14200

10
2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY
2.1. Description of study area
Ilubabor is a zone in Oromia region and boarders at north direction by Gambelia region and
west north by wollega, also at east southern to the Jimma zone located. The capital city of
this zone is Metu. From Addis Ababa, at west direction of 600 Km away .From this zone
Nono sele woreda is located at south west direction and the distance between metu to Nono
sele woreda is 94km. The climate condition of this woreda is very suitable for cereal crops.
From this woreda to increase productivity of maize crop production value addition and
marketing in kupi kebele. Nono Sele is one of the woredas in the Oromia region of Ethiopia
Part of the Ilubabor Zone,Nono sele is boarder on the south west by the Gambelia Region,
on the north by Bure, on north east by Ale, on the southeast by southern Nation Nationalities
and peoples region. The towns in Nono Sele is Birbirsa

11
Map of Oromia Regional State include Nono Sele Woreda

12
2.2. Demography
Total Population for this woreda of 22, 902, of whom 11, 487 were men 11415women;
1744 of its where urban dwellers. The four target ethnic groups lives in Nono were the
Oromo(69.13%) ,Mocha(20.94%) ,the Megengir(4.7%) and the Amhara(4.5%) .

2.3. Climate
The climate condition of this woreda is very suitable for cereal crops. The agro-ecological
environment of the woreda is including low land, mid land, and high land. The agro ecology
of Nono Sele woreda is 32% high land, 50% mid land, and 18% low land. The type soil
denominated in the area is clay loam. The altitude range of the area 1386-2552 masl and
with annual rain fall 1200-1800mm.The temperature of the area range from 18 oc-22oc .This
area gets high amount of rain fall throughout the year expected few months of a year. As
result of these, the area is endowed by natural resources like natural forest, wild lives and
water sources.

2.4. Farming system

The system of agriculture in the district is mixed farming system. More than 80% of the
woreda total populations are earn their livelihood from agriculture and the remains 20% of
them are get from other income sources such as trading, hand craft, daily labor work. The
major crops cultivated in the area are cereals, inset, coffee and others crops. Among these
crops the coffee is the most economic crop to the district and it contributes its alone share on
majority of people’s income direct or indirect depends on. In addition to crops, the animal’s
husbandry and honey production are other important economic activities. Such as cattle,
sheep goats, and poultry production are widely done in the area. Among crops produced in
the area maize and wheat are ranked first and second in cultivated area coverage as well as
production respectively. The farmers are growing different crops for home consumption and
income generation also livestock too.

13
2.5. Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques
A mixed multistage sampling technique was used to select sample respondents, where at
first stage Ilubabor Zone was selected purposefully. Then Nono Sale Woreda has been
selected with same method above because of proximity. At third stage, Kupi Kebele
administration was selected also purposively since this kebele is the living area for the
researcher. Select the proportionate size of sample from the study area. Lastly, Systematic
random sampling technique was used to identify the exact respondents in the study area and
this was identified by using the sampling frame collected from the respective Kebele
administration.

The total population of the farmers is 253(HH) and out of 180(HH) wich means 130 male
and 50 female are grown maize producers that means the target for the study. Using sample
size determination formula the sample size of 64 farmers are selected for representative
respondent’s survey. Then Slovene’s formula was used to determine the appropriate
representative sample size from the total 64 sample size 46 males and 18 female selected by
mathematical computation for the study. From above sample size selected 42 farmer’s
means 30 men and 12 women are selected based on number of women in kebele was small,
capacity of them on managements of crop and proximity of their land to road for maize
producer of the study due to shortage of budget & time consumption.
Fig. slovin’s formula;

n  =N/(1+Ne2)

180/1+(180*0.01) =180/2.8

=64

Where n= required sample size.

N= total target population of the study area

e=margin of error

14
Site selection criteria.

- Proximity to the main road.

- Suitable for maize production than others
- Accessibility to road for supervision
- Suitable and requirement of the area for demonstration site.

15
 2.6. Research Design Table
Table: 3 Research design table

Objectives Specific Data Required Source Of Method Method

Data of Data Of Data
Collectio Analysis
n

- Knowledge on 42 farmers Oral- test Descriptive

statistics
To popularize maize - spacing and techniques of (30 Male
sowing and Mean
variety production of
participating 42 farmers - Knowledge on maize 12 Female)
Median
year 2019 varieties
Frequency
- Reasons for price
difference to maize. Percentage

- Seed source Standard

- Merit and demerit of new deviation
and old technology

- Reasons for extinction of

local cultivars,

- Reasons for new

introductions,

- Opportunities for new

technology

- Reasons for giving

different local names for
different cultivars

2. To enhance the - Varieties grown 42 farmers Descriptive

productivity of

15
 maize from - Date of sowing , statistics
42quantal to 48qunt
- Plant spacing used (30Male Observati Mean
through promoting
- Method of sowing onal test
improved maize and Median
variety with - Weeding time and
12Female) Frequency
appropriate frequency
agronomic practices - Method of weeding Percentage
by participating 42
Standard
target farmers.
deviation

3. To create awareness to - Harvesting time 42 farmers Individua Descriptive

improve production quality l statistics
- Storage technique 30 Male
through improving discussio
postharvest management. - Transportation Mean
12 Female) n
- Changing form of the Median
Peer
maize product
group Frequency
- Marketing time and place
training
Percentage

Standard
deviation

16
 42 farmers Observati Descriptive
on and statistics
4.Learning Objective:- - Demonstration 30male measure
- Brochures Mean
ment
To popularize of maize - model farmers 12 female
approach Median
variety, product value
addition, marketing, model
Frequency
farmers approach,
demonstration, brochures, Percentage
within participatory
extension among 42 target Standard
deviation
farmers in year 2019.

3. KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION PLAN

The following schemes will be in place to popularize the technology at larger scale.

3.1. Farmers group discussion

Farmers share their ideas and information from different corners of among themselves based on
their experiences, and their real problems. Group discussion can play an important role in
farmers ‘opinion formation, experiences sharing and decision making. Therefore, farmers’ group
discussion is an alternative participatory approach for working with farmers to help them
identifying, prioritizing their problems and make local solution to overcome them. The facilitator
(researcher) allows them to discuss on their every problems that faced in production and
marketing products and encourage them to make the relevant solution by themselves. Also the
researcher will develop the group, to encourage its members to continuous meet, and use the

17
group to transmit new ideas, information and knowledge that will assist the farmers in their
agricultural activities.

3.2. Training
Target Farmers, Office experts and DAS are will be trained to capacity building in their
activities.

3.3. Demonstration
The demonstration area is the crucial thing in the extension work that facilitates the adoption of
new technology (innovation) and it develops the high level of credibility b/n farmers and
extension agents. This extension method used to introduce the improved practices or new
practices into the given area by comparing and contrasting the new technology with existing
traditional practices.

3.4. Field day

Field is very important to observe the result of demonstration reliability intangible basis of
integration of theory with practice. The students /farmers participants and researcher can develop
their technical skill, ability, they develop their relationship, and continuous interest in the
extension work as well in the future. In addition it help them to observe the promoted new crop
variety with recommended cultural practice under farmers ‘management condition and it is
useful method which can create awareness and interest in adopting the selected method among
the farmers.

4. WORKPLAN AND RESOURCE MATRIX

4.1. Human Resource
For the successful complementation of the project the participation of the target farmers area
agricultural extension workers (DAs), concerned woreda Experts, SEP Supervisors from Jimma
university and Head of woreda agricultural office were most important human resource for the
project.

4.2. Materials Resources

The materials required to conducting the project /research are include the following: - Improved
seed of PHB3812,( limu) maize variety for target farmers on demonstration site from Nono sele

18
 woreda office/researcher, fertilizers (DAP/N.P. S, UREA), meter tape, rope and other as
necessary for effective implementation of the project.

4.3. Source of Budget

Necessary budget to implementation of the project from beginning up to end is expected from
woreda agricultural office and woreda Administrative office.

4.4. Work plan

Table 4.

No Activities Jan. Feb. march Apr. May June. Jul Aug. Sep. Oct.
y
1. Proposal development XX
1
2 Selection of target farmers XX
3 Preparation of demonstration site XX

19
4 Input procurement XX XX
5 Organizing and conducting XX XX
training
6 Input supply XX
7 Land preparation and seed sowing XX XX XX
8 Fertilizer application XX XX
9 Extension material distribution XX XX
Afan Oromo Brochure
10 Weeding XX XX XX XX
11 Crop protection XX XX XX XX
12 Field day XX XX
13 Evaluating the improved variety XX XX
productivity
14 Follow up and field supervision XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
15 Data collection and analysis XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
16 Data inter pretention XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
17 Evaluating research report XX
18 Report writing XX
19 Submission of research report XX XX

5. BUDGET REQUIREMENT
Table 5.

No Budget Item Measure amount Unit price Total price

Source
ement (ET Br.) (Et Br.)
1. Avail improved maize
a. Seed kg 20 1300 1300
b. Fertilizer kg 200 2700 2700

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A Labor cost:

Woreda Agri.
Land preparation hac 1 2300
Sowing hac 1 - 2500
Weeding time 3 - 1600
Harvesting hac 1 1500
Storage & others - 1 1400

Office
Transportation cost money - - 500
3 To conduct training on 1 2500
improved maize and value
chain concept
4 supervision and advocacy 5 -
7 Community field days 1 -
8 Farmers Round visit 5 -
9 Stationer materials pak
Paper ‘’ 1 500 500

Pen and pencil pak 1 200 200

Computer ink

Brochure (oromic language) no 50 - 200

Total 17200

6. Reference
Alemu, D. 2010. The Political Economy of Ethiopia Cereal Seed Systems: State Control, Market
Liberalisation and Decentralisation. Future Agricultures Working Paper No. 17. Brighton, UK:
Future Agricultures Consortium, University of Sussex.

Alemu, D., and R. Tripp. 2010. Seed System Potential in Ethiopia: Constraints and
Opportunities for Enhancing Production. IFPRI Working Paper. Washington, DC: International
Food Policy Research Institute.

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CSA (Central Statistical Agency). 2013. Agricultural Sample Survey, 2011/2012 (2004 E.C.)
(September–December 2011), Vol. 1. Report on Area and Production of Major Crops (Private
Peasant Holdings, Meher Season). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Diao, X., A. Seyoum Taffesse, P. Dorosh, J. Thurlow, A. N. Pratt, and B. Yu. 2012. “Ethiopia.”
In Strategies and Priorities for African Agriculture: Economywide Perspectives from Country
Studies, edited by X. Diao, J. Thurlow, S. Benin, and S. Fan, 107–39. Washington, DC:
International Food Policy Research Institute.

EIAR (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research). 2009. Research Recommendations for

Maize Production in Ethiopia. Mimeo. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, MoA (Ministry of Agriculture) and ATA (Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation

Agency). 2013. Five-year Strategy for the Transformation of the Ethiopian Seed System: Vision,
Systemic Bottlenecks, Interventions, and Implementation Framework. Draft, October 2013.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Nono Sele Agricultural office (2007/2008).

The (respondents) HH of the selected study area.

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