The Order of National Artists, or Order ng Gawad Pambansang Proclamation No.

lamation No. 1001, dated April 2, 1972, which created the

Alagad ng Sining Award and Decoration of National Artist and declared Fernando
Amorsolo as the first National Artist.
Order of the National Artis is the highest rank and title given to
Filipino artists who have greatly contributed to the evolution of The Executive Order No. 236 s. 2003:
Philippine Arts.
Honors Code of the Philippines raised the National Artist Award into
A person can be honored for one or more of the 7 categories: visual the level of Cultural Order, which made it the fourth highest
arts, music, dance, theater, literature, film and broadcast arts, and recognition the government of the Philippines can give, It was also
architecture and allied arts. renamed the "Order of National Artists (Orden ng Gawad
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining)".
The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) are the institutions that First Class Rank
oversee the order.
•Quezon Service Cross ("Presidente
Individuals are recognized as National Artists upon their
recommendation, with President of the Philippines bestowing the Manuel Quezon")
award. Second Class Rank
The colors of the logo of the Order of National Artists symbolize the •Order of Lakandula
Philippine flag.
•Order of Sikatuna
In the middle, there are three Baybayin characters read as "ka"
which stand for the CCP's motto: "Katotohanan, Kabutihan, at •Philippine Legion of Honor
Kabardian".
Third Class Rank
As a symbolism of their rank and status, National Artists are given
•Order of Gabriela Silang
an insignia, the Grand Collar. It is a silver-gilted bronze which
features the arts on circular links and the logo hanging on a Fourth Class Rank
sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel.
•Order of National Artists
The Order of National Artists was established by the virtue of
Former President Ferdinand Marcos. •Order of National Scientists
•Order of National Social Scientists 4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of
work and/or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of
•Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
•Order of Lakandula 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:
Fifth Class Rank prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as the
•Gawad Mabini Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award and NCCA
Alab ng Haraya; critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works;
Sixth Class Rank
respect and esteem from peers.
•Order of the Golden Heart
Honors and Privileges of National Artists
Seventh Class Rank
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the
•Presidential Medal of Merit President of the Philippines;

Eighth Class Rank 2 The insignia/badge/symbol of a National Artist 2. and a citation;

Order of Lapu-Lapu 3.A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits
comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the
Criteria for the Order of National Artists
land such as:
1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination,
a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani;
as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in
P100,000.00 in cash for living artists, while $75,000.00 are given to
1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
posthumous awardees to their legal heirs a monthly life pension,
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have medical and hospitalization
contributed in building a Filipino sense of nationhood;
benefits
3. Artists who have pioneered (first one to do) in a mode of creative
Categories of the Order of National Artists
expression or style, thus earning distinction and making an impact
on succeeding generations of artists; 1. Visual Arts - including but not limited to painting, sculpture,
printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works,
illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging. There are The following are among the most influential National Artists for
17 National Artists for Visual Arts. Visual Arts, Architecture and Allied Arts, and Literature listed with
the year they were honored, their titles, significant contributions,
2. Music including but not limited to singing, composition, direction, and famous works.
and/or performance. There are 14 National Artists for Music.
National Artists in Visual Arts Category
3. Dance - including but not limited to choreography, direction
and/or performance. There are 5 National Artists for Dance. 1. Fernando Amorsolo (1972)

4. Theater - Including but not limited to is the first National Artist of the Philippines with the official title,
"The Grand Old Man of Philippine Arts".
direction, performance and/or production design. There is a total of
8 National Artists for Theater, including 1 for Theater Design. He helped develop Philippine Art through his paintings of rural
landscapes and portraits. His famous works include El Ciego,
5. Literature - including but not limited to poetry, fiction, essay, Planting Rice, and Defence of Filipina Woman's Honour.
playwriting, journalism, and/or literary criticism. There are 18
National Artists for Literature. 2. Carlos "Botong" Francisco (1973)

6. Film and Broadcast Arts - including but not limited to direction, is credited to have single-handedly revived the dying art of mural
writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, painting.
and/or performance. There are 8 National Artists for Film and
His famous works include Filipino Through Struggles History, The
Broadcast Arts.
Martyrdom of Rizal, and Blood Compact.
7. Architecture and Allied Arts - including but not limited to
3. Guillermo Tolentino (1973)
architecture, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape
architecture, and fashion design. There are 6 National Artists for is renowned as the "Father of Philippine Arts".
Architecture, and 1 for Allied Arts (fashion design).
He is known for his classical style sculptures and busts of famous
As of 2020, there are 73 individuals who have been bestowed the people.
honor of being conferred in the Order of National Artists, with 4
being recognized in 2 categories. His famous works include the original University of the Philippines
Oblation, The in Caloocan, and the seal of the Republic of the
Philippines.
4. Napoleon Abueva (1976) He was one of the pillars in Philippine comics especially during the
golden age of comics in the 1950s and 1960's.
is known the "Father of as Modern Philippine Sculpture". He is the
youngest to be bestowed the award at age 46. All his comics, except for 3, were adapted into films. His works
include "Pedro Penduko", "Satur", and "Hagibis".
Abueva's famous works include
National Artists in Architecture and Allied Arts Category
the Nine Muses of Arts in UP Diliman, The Transfiguration at the
Eternal Garden Memorial Park, and the Sunburst at the Peninsula 1. Juan F. Nakpil (1973)
Manila Hotel.
is acknowledged as the "Father of Philippine Architecture".
5. Victorio Edades (1976)
He is lauded for reflecting the Philippine traditions and cultures in
is the "Father of Modern Philippine Painting" because he introduced his works, which includes the University of the Philippines
the Modern Art movement in the country during the time that Administration Building (Quezon Hall) and Library (Gonzalez
Amorsolo's style of works. reconstruction Hall), the of both the Quiapo Church in 1933 and the
Rizal House in Calamba, Laguna.
Edades' famous works are The Sketch, The Artist and Model, and
Japanese Girl. 2. Leandro Locsin (1990)

6. Abdulmari Asia Imao (2006) is well-known for reshaping the urban landscape of the Philippines
with his works such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the
is the first Muslim National Artist and known as a patron of Muslim NAIA Terminal 1.
art and culture because of his works in multiple mediums, such as
paintings, sculptures, photos, film, and ceramics. He is also recognized internationally because of his design of the
Istana Nurul Iman, the official residence of the Sultan of Brunei,
He has multiple sculptures and paintings of sarimanok and his other which is distinguished by the Guinness Book of World Records as
works include "Sulu Warriors" in Sulu, "Industry Brass Mural", and the largest residence in the world.
"Mural Relief on Filmmaking".
3. Ildefonso Santos Jr. (2006)
7. Francisco Coching (2014)

is acclaimed the "King of as Komiks" and acknowledged as the

"Dean of Filipino Illustrators".
is acclaimed as the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture" Amado's Famous Works
and the pioneer of the practice, with decades of works, such as
parks and plazas. Novels

Mga Ibong Mandaragit (Birds of Prey), 1969.

His most famous works include Paco Park, Tagaytay Highland
Resorts, Bantayog ng mga Bayani, Rizal Park, and multiple Loyal •Luha Ng Buwaya (Crocodile's Tears), [11] 1972.
Memorial Parks.
• Pili sa Pinili (Chosen from the Selected), 1964.
4. Francisco Mañosa (2018)
•Ang Aklasan
pioneered the neo-vernacular style of architecture which combines
traditional Filipino design architecture. and modern Poems

This style is present in his works such the Coconut as San Palace, Isang Dipang Langit (An Arm-Stretch of Sky)
Miguel Corporations Headquarters in Mandaluyong (based on the
Panata sa Kalayaan (Pledge to Freedom)
Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras), and EDSA Shrine.
Ang Mga Kayamanan ng Tao
5. Ramon Valera (2006)
Ang Dalaw Kay Silaw
is known as the "Dean of Philippine Fashion" and the only National
Artist in Allied Arts. Bartolina
His biggest influence in the art is the one-piece terno, in which he Kung Tuyo Na ang Luha Mo Aking Bayan (When Your Tears Have
combined the 4 pieces which comprise the baro't saya. Dried, My Country)
National Artists in Literature Category Bayang Malaya
1. Amado Hernandez (1973) Bayang Malaya
believed that the purpose of a writer is to represent the society's Ang Taong Kapos
conscience and spirit in times of oppression.
Bayani
His most distinguished work, "Mga Ibong Mandaragit", was written
while he was in prison during the 1950's to the nation's problems. Sa Batang Walang Bagong Damit
Isang Sining ng Pagbigkas A Question of Heroes (1977)

Ang Panday Joseph Estrada and Other Sketches (1977)

Inang Wika 3. Carlos P. Romulo (1982)

Ang Tao served as a writer, journalist, educator, soldier, diplomat, as well as

being the President of the University of the Philippines and the first
Ang Aklasan Asian President of the United Nations General Assembly.
2. Nick Joaquin (1976) He won a Pulitzer Prize Journalism in for his articles predicting the
is regarded as one of the most influential Filipino writers in English Second World War. His works include autobiography, “I Walked his
because of his works that portray aspects of Filipinos. with Heroes", "The United", and "I Saw the Fall of the Philippines".

He has written novels,, poems, plays, short stories, and essays, and Carlos' Famous Works
served as a journalist under the penname Manila". "Quijano de •The United (novel)
His works include "A Portrait of an Artist as Filipino", "The Woman •I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)
Who Had Two Navels", and "May Day Eve".
I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
Nick's Famous Works
•Mother America
May Day Eve (1947)
I See the Philippines Rise (war-time memoirs).
• Prose and Poems (1952)
4. Carlos Quirino (1997)
The House On Zapote Street (1960)
is the only National Artist for Historical Literature. His works include
The Woman Who had Two Navels (1961) the first biography of Jose Rizal, "The Great Malayan", and
La Naval de Manila and Other Essays (1964) Philippine history culture books, such and as "Maps and Views of
Old Manila".
• A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966)

Tropical Gothic (1972)

Carlos' Famous Works "Bayang Nagpatiwakal" (1931)

Man of Destiny (1935) "Sa Paanan ng Krus" (1934)

The Great Malayan (1940) "Ang Pamana ng Pulubi" (1935)

Magsaysay and the Philippines (1958) "Bago Lumubog ang Araw" (1936)

Philippine Cartography (1959) "Singsing na Pangkasal" (1939)

Damian Domingo: First Eminent Filipino Painter (1961) "Ilaw sa Hilaga" (1947)

History of the Philippine Sugar Industry (1974) "Sugat ng Alaala" (1951)

Filipinos at War (1981) "Maganda pa ang Daigdig" (1956)

Amang, the Life and Times of Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr. ( 1983) "Daluyong"

5. Lazaro Francisco (2009) 6. Resil Mojares (2018)

is reputed as the "Master of the Tagalog Novel" for representing the wrote books on Philippine history and known for his contributions
common Filipino, writing about the oppressed, and forming the to Visayan Literature, pioneering the Cebuano identity who served
Filipino nationalism which developed the culture of social realism in as the founding director of the research institution, Cebuano Studies
literature. Center. His notable works include "Waiting for Mariang Makiling:
Essays on Philippine Cultural History" and "The War Against the
"Maganda pa ang Daigdig", "Daluyong", and "Ang Pamana ng Americans: Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu".
Pulubi" are among his works.
Resil's Famous Works
Lazaro's Famous Works
The War Against the Americans
"Binhi at Bunga" (1925)
Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu Province;
"Cesar" (1926)
Aboitiz: Family & Firm in the Philippines
"Ama" (1929)
House of Memory: Essays

Vicente Sotto, The Maverick Senator (Cebuano Studies Center,

1992).

7.Ramon Muzones (2018)

is hailed as the "Greatest Ilonggo Writer of the Century" because of

his contributions to Hiligaynon literature, with his poems, essays,
short stories, critiques, and 61 completed novels.

These include the first feminist Hiligaynon work, "Bag-ong Maria

Clara", and the longest serialized novel, "Dama de Noche" with over
125 installments for over 2 years.

Ramon's Famous Works

Shri-Bishaya (1969)

Malala nga Gutom (Malignant Hunger, 1965)

Babae Batuk sa Kalibutan (Woman Against the World, 1959)

Ang Gugma sang Gugma Bayaran (Love with Love Be Paid, 1955)

Si Tamblot (1948)

Margosatubig: The Story of Salagunting (1946)

The Value of Qualitative Research Its Characteristics, Strengths, a. grounded theory
Weaknesses and Kinds
b. ethnography,
I. Definition of Qualitative Research
c. action research,
- Qualitative Research is a scientific method of observation to gather
non-numerical data. It refers to the meanings, concepts, d. phenomenological research,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols and description of phenomena, e. and narrative research
and not to their counts or measures.
4. Specificity to generalization on specific ideas will lead
Example of Qualitative Observations: generalizations or conclusions.
1. The skin on her hand was smooth and silky. 5. Contextualization context or situation of individual's life
2. The cake was black with orange frosting. 6. Diversified data in real-life situations on collecting data in a
3. The room was bright and airy with blue curtains. natural setting

7. Abounds with words and visuals that presents people's view in a

4. The man has brown hair and blue eyes.
picture, video, drawing or graphs.
II. Purpose of Qualitative Research
8. Internal analysis on examining the data yielded by the internal
- Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic understanding of a traits of the subject persons.
particular phenomenon.
IV. Strengths of Qualitative Research
III. Characteristics of Qualitative Research
1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter.
1. Human understanding and interpretation in data analysis
2. Promotes a full understanding of human behavior/personality
2. Active and powerful in data gathering and rephrasing interview traits in their natural setting.
questions
3. It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
3. Multiple research approaches and methods that allows you to
plan your study and being multi- method research: 4. It engenders respect for people's individuality.
5. it's a way of understanding & interpreting social interactions. Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through
analysis of language it includes face-to-face talk, non- verbal
6. Increases researcher's interests in the study. interaction, images and symbols.
7. Offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers,
something. periodicals, brochures and advertisements.
V. Weaknesses of Qualitative Research Example: "A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern
1. It involves a lot of researcher's subjectivity in data analysis. Technologies on"

2. It is hard to know the validity/reliability of the data. 5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an
examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions
VI. Kinds of Qualitative Research about the future.

1. Case Study Long time study of a person, group, - organization or Example: "The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos' Speech"
situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current
phenomenon. 6. Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of new
theory which underlies your study at the time of data collection and
Example: "Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools" analysis.

2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group. Example: "The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas
and Luzon to Mindanao"
Example: "Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in
the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities" 7. Narrative Report - designed to present things or events that have
happened in the past through a logical progression of the relevant
3. Phenomenology- "live-experienced" of a phenomenon. Example:
information. The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a
"Life without Gadget"
factual depiction of what has occurred.
4. Content and Discourse Analysis-
Example: "Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid
Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes Waste Management"
of communication such as letters, e-mails etc.
8. Biography- is the study of an individual's life and struggles and
how they reflect cultural themes of the society. It deals with an
interesting story found in documents and archival materials. It is come to understand and achieve their daily life in particular
concerned with the reconstruction of life histories and the situations.
constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and
RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE
documents.

Five common types of biography are: Research studies happen in any field of knowledge: Anthropology,
Business, Communication, Education, Engineering, Law and Nursing
(1) Scholarly Chronicles focus on the historical portrayal of an
individual life. Basic Research Approaches in a Specific Area of Discipline:

1. Scientific or Positive Approach deals with experimental data

e.g. "Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First Woman President of
the Philippines" instead of personal views, feelings or attitudes.

Allows control of variables or factors affecting the study (Laursen

(2) Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual
analysis of the subject's motives and beliefs within the world of 2010).
ideas. e.g. "Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal" Express and records findings quantitatively.
9. Action Research- is a classroom-based or school-based research • Presents structured interviews, questionnaires and observational
seeks transformative change through the process of taking action checklists.
and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection.
This type of research is commonly conducted by the teachers to give 2. Naturalistic Approach
solutions to the existing problems to improve students' academic
A people-oriented approach focusing on discovering the real
performance and positive attitudes.
concept or meaning behind people's lifestyles and social relations.
Lesson 2. The Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields of
Present things qualitatively through verbal language. Using words as
Inquiry
unit of analysis.
• Qualitative research is an emerging area of inquiry that graces
Bases determining universal social values to define ethical and
through disciplines and subject matter. However, it's also essential
unethical that society ought to know, not only for the benefit of
to recognize that qualitative research is a method generally used in
individual and community but also for the satisfaction of man's
the social sciences searching social interactions, schemes and
quest for knowledge." (Sarandakos
processes. It delivers a detailed appreciation of the ways people
2013; Ransome 2013) visualizations of man's experiences in the field of Fine Arts,
Literature, Music, Drama, Dance and other artistically inclined
Example: Talking to ethnic groups or people with other culture in a subjects.
natural setting. In this case, the researcher uses unstructured
interviews and the participants' answer/response is not scripted. B. Humanistic Categories:

A. Basic Research Approaches in a Specific Area of Discipline: 1. Literature and Art Criticism

3. Triangulation/ Mixed Method Focus on language depends on interpretative and reflective

thinking.
• Allows a combination or a mixture of research designs, data
collection and data analysis techniques. 2. Philosophical Research

Enhance the validity and reliability of qualitative research design. The focus of inquiry is on knowledge and principles of being and on
the manner human beings conduct themselves on Earth.
• Enhances accuracy of interpretation.
3. Historical Research
Has an opportunity to view every angle of the research from
different perspectives. Investigation centers on events and ideas that took place in man's
life at a particular period.
(3) Main Methods of Data Collection: a.Interactive interviewing
Qualitative and Quantitative Research can go together in a research
people asked to verbally described their experiences of approach.
phenomenon
There is a symbiotic relationship between these two research
b. Written descriptions by methods, in which they reinforce or strengthen each other.
participant people asked to write descriptions of their experiences Moreover, any form of knowledge, factual or opinionated and any
of phenomenon. statistical or verbal expression of this knowledge are deduced from
c. Observation- descriptive observations of verbal and non-verbal human experience that is subjective. (Hollway 2013; Letherby 2013)
behavior.

In the field of Humanities, researchers ought to focus not to man's

social life but instead studies its meanings, significance and
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Hard Sciences Soft Sciences
Studies Studies human
natural data Behaviour in a scientific
driven Manner.
phenomenom
Objective Subjective
Tests Theory Develops Theory
Numbers Words
Cause and Effect Knowing meaning and
Relationship Discovery
Statistical Analysis and Researcher’s interpretation
Generalization
Ex. Ex.
Biology, chemistry, physics, Sociology, psychology, political
Astronomy, earth science science, economics,
anthropology, history
Statistical Analysis and Researcher’s interpretation
Generalization
Ex. Ex.
Biology, chemistry, physics, Sociology, psychology, political
Astronomy, earth science science, economics,
anthropology, history
Statistical Analysis and Researcher’s interpretation
Generalization