4 Vo5G Solution Introduction ISSUE 1.00

Vo5G Solution Introduction
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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

References
 3GPP Technical specification (TS) references for this course:
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe Vo5G Voice/Video Communication Solution Consideration
 Describe EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution
 Describe 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

Contents
1. Vo5G Voice/Video Communication Solution Consideration
2. EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution
3. 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution
4. Voice/Video Communication Solution Evolution

What Is Vo5G?
 Vo5G Solution

Vo5G Solution Consideration
 Bandwidth Cost Reduction and Experience Improvement in the 5G Era
Drive Video Communication to Become a Basic Service.
4G 5G
• The single-bit bandwidth cost is high, resulting • The uplink bandwidth and cell capacity of a 5G network are 10 to
Utilization
in high service fees, which are charged at a 20 times higher than those of a 4G network, reducing the single-
cost
minute+traffic, traffic, or minute level. bit bandwidth cost.
• UEs supporting video calls gradually become popular.
• The popularity rate of UEs supporting video
• Carriers gradually realize inter-network video interconnection.
calls is low.
Reachability • The video media conversion technology is deployed to support
• Inter-network video communication is not
video communication between UEs, TVs, cameras, and vehicle-
supported.
mounted devices.
• There is no network adaptation mechanism for
terminals from different manufacturers. • H.265 is used as the default codec to lower network coverage
Consequently, video freezing occurs or an requirements.
Service
image with artifacts is displayed on terminals in • The resolution, frame rate, and bit rate are dynamically adjusted
experience
weak coverage scenarios. based on the collaboration of UEs and the network.
• Only point-to-point video communication is • Multi-party video communication is supported.
supported.

Vo5G Solution Consideration (Cont.)
 Voice services sensitive to packet losses
 VoNR voice packets are transmitted in accordance with the UDP protocol,
which is similar to that for VoLTE voice packets. If VoNR voice packets are
lost, they will not be retransmitted.
 Consequently, the called party cannot accurately restore the voice, causing
one-way audio, voice skipping, or intermittent voice.
Number of consecutively lost packets > 6
Voice skipping or
intermittent voice N-1 N N+10 N+11
Maximum packet transmission interval ≥ 140 ms *An RTP voice packet is
sent every 20 ms.
Instantaneous jitter
N-1 N N+1 N+2

Source Target
UE S-GW/UPF
 Analysis of the 4G/5G gNodeB eNodeB
User plane
handover interruption duration Reconfigure an RRC connection, indicating that a handover starts.
User plane
Change the RF unit and
baseband processing unit, and 40 ms
update security configurations. Cache downlink data.
Search for the target cell. 0 to 40 ms
Obtain the target PRACH. 15 ms
Reserve the protocol-defined margin. 15 ms
Send PRACH preamble. 1 ms
Allocate uplink resources. 4 ms

Reconfigure the RRC connection, indicating that the handover is complete. 6 ms
User plane
Total uplink voice interruption duration: 81 ms to 121 ms

 The EVS industry is expected to further improve voice quality.

 EVS provides significant coverage gains, effectively alleviating the
coverage pressure of the 5G high spectrum.

Contents

Application Scenarios of 5G Networks
 Fixed broadband access and Extended-bandwidth coverage in hotspots
Ultra-high personnel density
There is more than one

person in each square meter.

NSA Networking Introduction
 Non standalone (NSA)
EPC
 Legacy LTE radio access Control plane
User plane
networks and core networks
S1 S1
are used as anchor points
for mobility management X2
and coverage, and 5G LTE 5G NR
Master node Secondary node
networks are incorporated
into such legacy networking
*Use option 3x as an example.
for network access.

NSA Networking Introduction (Cont.)
EPS EPS
bearer 1 bearer 2
 NSA user plane
EPC S-GW
 If 5G network signals are S1-U
3 3 SCG split
MCG 2 Data packet Data packet 2
poor, a 5G gNodeB can bearer 1 1
bearer
Traffic
instruct an LTE eNodeB to LTE eNodeB 5G NR distribution
3
send or receive data PDCP NR PDCP
packets on bearer 2 or can RLC RLC X2 NR RLC

initiate a handover to hand MAC MAC NR MAC
over data packets on bearer
Master 3 Secondary
2 to an LTE eNodeB. node node
*MCG (master cell group)

*SCG (slave cell group)

Reconstruction Points for NSA Option 3/3a/3x
MME function changes
• Option 3/3a/3x networking HSS function changes PCRF function changes
• Extended QoS: AMBR, GBR, and • Support for the value range of the • 4G/5G subscriber identification for
UTRAN maximum bandwidth for the delivering different charging control
MBR
• E-RAB modification for split AMBR QoS policies
bearer
SGSN • DCN Selection (DÉCOR) • Support for the maximum
• 5G NR access control HSS • 4G/5G subscriber subscription bandwidth range for the AMBR
GERAN • Dual connectivity authorization QoS
• 5G NR traffic-based charging
• 4G/5G gateway selection
S3
• 5G independent performance S1-MME S6a
statistics and alarms MME
PCRF
• (Optional) DÉCOR
S12 Rx
• (Optional) 5G subscription control S11
S4 Gx
LTE-Uu S10 Operator's IP
Serving S5 PDN SGi Services
UE E-UTRAN Gateway Gateway (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
S1-U
Gateway function changes
NR S1-U • Option 3/3a/3x networking
• Extended-bandwidth QoS
• Extended bandwidth for a single user
• Cloud-based CUPS deployment (optional but
recommended)
• 4G/5G gateway selection/distribution
• 5G NR traffic-based charging
• 5G independent performance statistics and alarms

NSA Option 3/3a/3x Voice Solutions
 VoLTE/CSFB solution is used as the only voice solution.
 Voice service solution principles: IMS APN traffic is only distributed to LTE
eNodeBs. Calls are processed by LTE eNodeBs in compliance with the
VoLTE or CSFB solution.
 SMS solution principles: SMSs on VoLTE UEs are processed by an IMS

network, and SMSs on data cards are processed over the SGs interface.
NR
EPC Data
VoLTE LTE Voice

NSA Option 3a Voice Solutions
 A gNodeB is preferentially selected to carry VoNR services.
 Voice service solution principles: IMS APN traffic is preferentially distributed to
gNodeBs. If subscribers initiate calls in NR coverage areas, the calls are
processed by gNodeBs in compliance with the VoNR solution. The VoLTE
solution is used if there is no NR coverage.
 SMS solution principles: SMSs on VoNR or VoLTE UEs are processed by an

IMS network, and SMSs on data cards are processed over the SGs interface.
VoNR
NR
EPC Data
LTE Voice

VoNR Introduction
 NSA Option 3a Allows NR to Bear Voice Services
VoLTE
EPS bearer 1
bearer
EPC S-GW
MCG bearer 3 S1-U 3 SCG bearer
2 Data packet Data packet 2
1 1
LTE eNodeB 5G NR
PDCP NR PDCP
RLC X2 NR RLC
MAC NR MAC
Master node Secondary node

Reconstruction Points for NSA Option 3a to
Use VoNR (Compared with VoLTE)
IMS
Signaling HSS
Sh TAS/
SMSC
IP-SM-GW
Media
Cx
Rx
MME PCRF P-CSCF S-CSCF
UE eNB/NR S/PGW AGW, MRFP… B party

Gm
UE function changes eNodeB/NR function changes HSS/IMS/PCRF/DRA function change

• Support for VoNR • VoLTE traffic is distributed to a gNodeB. • NA
• Voice services are enabled on a gNodeB.

Contents

4G/5G Network Interoperability Architecture
Converged
 Convergence of key NEs NEs
HSS +
UDM
ensures service continuity N10 PCF +
S6a PCRF N8
of 5G subscribers on 4G N7
SMF + N15
PGW-C
and 5G networks. S5-C
N4
UPF +
N11
PGW-U
 During the handovers S11
SGW
S5-U
between 4G and 5G MME

N26
AMF
S1-U U N3 N2
networks, UE IP addresses S1-MME
N1
E-UTRAN NG-RAN
remain unchanged, and
*From 3GPP TS 23.501
services are continuous. UE UE

5GC Network Construction Solutions
 Solution 1: EPC is upgraded to support 5GC
 Major challenges: Can PS hardware capabilities on the live network meet 5G
requirements? Large investments are required because all NEs are upgraded.
HSS/ PCRF/
UDM PCF
MME/
4G eNB
AMF
gNB SGW/ PGW/

5G UPF UPF

5GC Network Construction Solutions (Cont.)
 Solution 2: A new 5GC is deployed on the EPC
 The EPC on the live network processes services of 4G UEs and roaming
services of 5G UEs on 4G networks.
 The new 5GC processes only services of 5G UEs.

HSS PCRF
5G UEs access eNB MME

4G
a 4G network.
SGW PGW
Bidirectional
handover UPF/PGW-U
gNB AMF SMF/PGW-C

5G
UDM/HSS PCF/PCRF
5G UEs access a 5G network.

Solutions to Ensure PS Service Continuity
 Solution 1: Service continuity based on N26 interface standard 4G/5G
handover for Single Radio UE
4G eNodeB S-GW
S3
MME
UPF/PGW-U
Handover N26 Transfer bearer contexts.
AMF SMF/PGW-C
Control plane
gNodeB
5G N3
User plane
*Use a 5G-to-4G handover as an example.
Before a handover Handover execution After a handover

eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB
EPC EPC EPC
Buffer
5GC 5GC 5GC

gNodeB gNodeB gNodeB

Solutions to Ensure PS Service Continuity (Cont.)
 Solution 2: Service continuity based on Attach procedure without N26
interface for Single Radio UE
S1-U
4G eNodeB S-GW
S3
MME
Transfer the P-GW ID UPF/PGW-U
Reselection
UDM/HSS
AMF SMF/PGW-C Control plane

User plane
5G gNodeB
N3
Services performed on a 5G UEs decide to hand over to a 4G network attach After 4G service
network 4G network. If bearer setup is process migration
Attach messages Obtain the P- complete, a 5G
eNodeB indicate the bearer ID. eNodeB network is eNodeB eNodeB
GW ID.
EPC EPC disconnected. EPC EPC
HSS
Set up a
UDM bearer.
5GC 5GC 5GC 5GC
gNodeB gNodeB gNodeB gNodeB

Solutions to Ensure PS Service Continuity (Cont.)
 Solution 3: Service continuity based on dual registration without N26
S1-U
interface 4G eNodeB S-GW
S3
MME
Transfer the P-GW ID UPF/PGW-U
PDN Session Migration
UDM/HSS
AMF SMF/PGW-C Control plane

User plane
5G gNodeB
N3
Dual registration UEs decide to hand over to a 4G network PDN After 4G service
on 4G/5G network 4G network. establishment process migration
PDN connection
establishment indicate Obtain the If bearer setup is
eNodeB eNodeB P-GW ID. complete, a 5G network eNodeB eNodeB
the bearer ID.
EPC EPC is disconnected. EPC EPC
HSS Set up a
UDM bearer.
5GC 5GC 5GC 5GC
gNodeB gNodeB gNodeB gNodeB

Session Binding Requirement
*BSF (Binding Support Functionality)
 When a UE accesses a 5G SMF BSF PCF 1 PCF 2
network and there are multiple
Npcf_SMPolicyControl_Get (IMSI, IP)
PCFs, the BSF is required to A session is created,
The PCF records
with the relationship
information about
perform session binding. between IP addresses
and PCF IDs bound.
SMF serving a
specific UE.
P-CSCF
Nbsf_Management_Discovery (IP)
PCF ID Query the relationship

between UE IP addresses
and PCF IDs to obtain the Forward the
target PCF ID. dedicated bearer
AAR setup request to
the SMF serving a
UE.

DRA and BSF Interoperability
 DRA and BSF interoperability is required if multiple PCFs and PCRFs
are configured when 4G and 5G networks co-exist.
 Analysis of P-CSCF addressing DRA/BSF:

DRA P-CSCF DRA PCRF1
P-CSCF
1. The DRA is 2a: If the DRA contains
always selected. 2b: If the DRA does not the session binding
BSF contain any session information related to
binding information 4G network access, it
related to 4G network directly routes such
The DRA and BSF are selected based on access, it queries the information to the PCRF.
the PANI information in the SIP header field: BSF to obtain the PCF ID.
PANI = E-UTRAN: The DRA is selected.
PANI = NR: The BSF is selected. BSF

DRA and BSF Interoperability (Cont.)
 DRA and BSF Deployment Solution
Solution 1: The DRA and BSF P-CSCF DRA PCRF 1

are deployed separately.
BSF
[Deployment reconstruction cost]
 The legacy DRA needs to be upgraded to support the
connection to the BSF in HTTP mode.
Solution 2: The DRA and BSF are co-deployed.
 The BSF needs to be deployed.
[Addressing path] P-CSCF DRA/BSF PCRF 1
 P-CSCF->DRA->BSF->DRA->PCRF: A large number of
NEs are involved, resulting in a long delay. [Deployment reconstruction cost]
 The 4G/5G convergence signaling routing node can be
implemented by an upgraded DRA on the live network
(recommended) or by a newly deployed node.
[Addressing path]
 P-CSCF->DRA/BSF->PCRF: The number of involved NEs
decreases, resulting in a short delay.

Vo5G Remains Based on IMS Network
 Vo5G provides voice services based on IMS network.
 Vo5G provides voice services based on 5G network access and the original
IMS architecture.
 3GPP R15 does not specify any changes in the IMS network architecture.
 Vo5G support emergency calls for 5G voice services.
 Vo5G does not provide direct interoperability between 5G voice services

and 2G/3G voice services.
 Vo5G provides IMS-based voice services only on LTE or 5G networks.

Vo5G Deployment Solutions
Transition solution Target solution
LTE networks are always used to provide voice Both 5G and LTE networks
services, and 5G networks provide only data services. provide voice services.
EPS/RAT fallback Dual registration In 5G coverage areas, 5G and IMS

networks jointly provide voice
If voice services trigger PS If 5G and 4G networks provide overlapping services. If a UE moves out of the 5G
handovers in 5G coverage coverage and UEs are configured with two coverage area during a call, PS
areas, both voice and data RF modules, voice services are processed handovers are performed to ensure
services will fall back to LTE only on the LTE network, and data services service continuity on 5G and LTE
networks. are processed on the 5G network. networks.

5G Deployment is Beneficial to VoLTE
 Vo5G deployment is simplified to avoid the complexity of four-network
collaboration and reduce investments.
 As specified in 3GPP R15, 5G UEs cannot perform CSFB to a 2G/3G
network, increasing the possibility that LTE networks function as the
foundation network.
 Contiguous voice coverage requires VoLTE to be used as the foundation

network.
 5G-to-3G SRVCC will not be widely deployed because it interrupts data
services and worsens user experience.

VoNR/VoeLTE Process
 VoNR/VoeLTE procedure is the same as the VoLTE procedure.
UE NG RAN AMF SMF/ UPF PCF IMS
1. MO or MT IMS voice session in 5GS; QoS flow for voice establishment initiated
2. NW initiated PDU session modification to setup QoS flow for IMS voice
3. User plane
Reconfiguration
4. Accept PDU session modification for IMS voice
5. IMS Voice session establishment continued

VoNR/VoeLTE E2E Call Delay Analysis
 E2E delay (T1+T2+...+T12) = 1s to 2s
UE A NR 5GC SBC S-CSCF TAS I-CSCF S-CSCF TAS HSS SBC 5GC NR UE B
T1 Call Initiation
Dedicated Bearer
T2 Request
Dedicated Bearer Dedicated Bearer
T3 Notification
Creation
T4 Call Initiation
T5 Retrieval S-CSCF of B Party
T6 Call Initiation
T7 T-ADS
T8 Call Initiation
T9 Call Ringing
Dedicated Bearer
T10
Request Dedicated Bearer
Dedicated Bearer
T11 Creation
Notification
T12 Call Ringing

SMS Process for VoNR/VoeLTE UEs
 MO SMS process MT SMS process
SMS-SC SMS-IWMSC HSS IP-SM-GW S-CSCF UE
1. IMS registration / re-registration procedure
2. Message
3. Message
4. Accepted
5. Accepted
6. Forward Short Message
7. Message
transfer
8. Submit report
9. Submit report
10. Submit report
11. Submit report
12. OK
13. OK

VoNR/VoeLTE Network Reconstruction Points
IMS function changes
(Compared with VoLTE) • 5G location information acquisition

• Available 5G network CDRs
• Reporting of 5G network access to an intelligent network
5GC function changes HSS function changes • Number normalization and service triggering in 5G cells
• 5G VoPS processing • 5G VoPS processing • 5G network access processing supported by domain selection for
• 5QI and VoLTE QCI mapping during 4G/5G handovers • 5G network access processing supported by MT calls
• P-CSCF address discovery on 5G networks domain selection for MT calls • Emergency calls in 5G cells
• Support for 5G emergency calls • AMF processing during HSS-based P-CSCF • CS retry optimization for 5G network access
• (Optional) Support for SMSs on data cards or IoT UEs restoration • KPI statistics for 5G network access
• (Optional) Support for dual registration • (Optional) Support for dual registration • (Optional) Support for the SGd interface, functioning as the
• (Optional) Support for the maximum packet loss rate gateway for SMSs on data cards or IoT UEs
• (Optional) Support for the maximum packet loss rate
UDM+ IMS TAS/
Signaling HSS Sh IP-SM-GW SMSC IMS interface changes
Media • 5G RAT and 5G cells added
SGd Cx over the Sh and Rx
AMF/ SMF+ PCF+ interfaces
SMSF PGW-C PCRF Rx P-CSCF S-CSCF • 5G PANI and 5G cells
added over the Gm interface
• (Optional) Support for the
UPF+ SGd interface
UE NG RAN AGW, MRFP... B party
PGW-U Gm
NG-RAN function changes PCRF function changes (Optional) DRA function changes
• Support for 5G emergency calls • Voice service and 5QI mapping • Support for the BSF query
• Voice dedicated bearer setup • 5G location information acquisition interface to obtain the PCF ID
• (Optional) Power saving: C-DRX, SPS • SMF processing during PCRF-based P-CSCF
• (Optional) Coverage enhancement: RoHC, TTI bundling, restoration
short PDCP/RLC, and maximum packet loss rate • (Optional) Support for the maximum packet loss
rate

EPS Fallback Process
UE NG RAN E-UTRAN AMF MME SGW PGW/SMF/UPF IMS
3. Trigger for fallback
4. Reject PDU session modification indicating IMS Voice Fallback in progress
5. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation
6. Redirection or Handover to EPS
7a. TAU Procedure
7b. TAU or Attach with PDN Connection with HO Procedure
8. NW initiated PDN connection modification to setup dedicated bearer for voice

EPS Fallback Delay Analysis
 Single-side delay of EPS fallback is 850~1350 ms longer than VoNR.
UE NG RAN E-UTRAN AMF MME SGW PGW/SMF/UPF IMS

T1
4. Reject PDU session modification indicating IMS Voice Fallback in progress
6. Redirection or Handover to EPS
T2 7a. TAU Procedure
7b. TAU or Attach with PDN Connection with HO Procedure

EPS Fallback E2E Call Delay Analysis
 E2E delay (T1+T2+...+T12) = 2.7s to 3.7s
MO side MT side
UE A NR 5GC SBC S-CSCF TAS I-CSCF S-CSCF TAS HSS SBC 5GC NR UE B
T1 Call Initiation
Dedicated Bearer
T2 Request
T3 Creation Notification
T4 Call Initiation
T5 Retrieval S-CSCF of B Party
T6 Call Initiation
T7 T-ADS
T8 Call Initiation
T9 Call Ringing
Dedicated Bearer
T10 Request
T11 Notification Creation
T12 Call Ringing

RAT Fallback Process
 Intra-5GC handovers are similar to intra-EPC handovers, and the service
interruption duration is short.
UE Source NG-RAN Target NG-RAN 5GC IMS
1. MO or MT call in 5GS; QoS flow for voice establishment initiated
4. Reject PDU session modification with mobility due to IMS

voice fallback indication
6. Inter NG-RAN handover according to TS 23.502
8. IMS voice establishment continued

Fallback Process of Emergency Calls
 Emergency calls can be initiated only by a calling party.
UE NG-RAN AMF UPF EPS IMS
1. UE camps in 5GS
2. User needs to make

Emergency Session
3. Service Request (“Emergency fallback”)
4. N2 request for
Emergency fallback
5a. Handover to 5GC-connected E-UTRA
5b. Inter-system handover or RRC redirection to EPS
6. IMS procedures for establishment of IMS emergency session (e.g. voice)

Voice/Video Solution in SA(Option 2) Networking
 Solution 1: VoNR not enabled, EPS fallback to VoLTE
 Voice service solution principle:
 When a call is initiated, the NG-RAN triggers a voice service handover to a 4G
network.
(1) Initiate an INVITE request in the NR.
NR
(2) EPS fallback
VoLTE 5GC
LTE
EPC Data
(3) Continue an ongoing call after a fallback. Voice

Voice/Video Solution in SA(Option 2)
Networking (Cont.)
 Solution 2: VoNR enabled, use VoLTE in areas without NR coverage.
 Voice service solution principles:
 If subscribers initiate calls in NR coverage areas, the calls are processed by
gNodeBs in compliance with the VoNR solution.
 The VoLTE solution is used if there is no NR coverage.
VoNR
NR
Data
5GC Voice
LTE
EPC

Dual Registration-based Voice/Video Solution
in SA(Option 2) Networking
 Solution 1: VoNR not enabled, and VoLTE used for voice services.
 UEs always carry the IMS APN to a 4G network, and calls are processed by LTE
eNodeBs in compliance with the VoLTE solution.
NR
UEs supporting
dual registration
VoLTE 5GC Data
LTE
EPC Voice

Dual Registration-based Voice/Video Solution
in SA(Option 2) Networking (Cont.)
 Solution 2: VoNR enabled, use VoLTE in areas without NR coverage.
 Calls made in NR coverage areas are processed by gNodeBs in compliance with the
VoNR solution.
VoNR
NR
UEs supporting Data
dual registration
Voice
5GC
LTE
EPC

Voice Services in NSA Option 4/4a Mode
 VoNR is recommended in NSA Option 4/4a Mode.
 Solution 1: VoNR not enabled, and VoeLTE used for voice services.
 IMS APN traffic is only distributed to eLTE eNodeBs.
 Calls are processed by eLTE eNodeBs in compliance with the VoeLTE solution.
eLTE*
5GC
Data
NR
VoeLTE Voice

Voice Services in NSA Option 4/4a Mode (Cont.)
 Solution 2: VoNR enabled, use VoeLTE in areas without NR coverage.
 IMS APN traffic is preferentially distributed to gNodeBs.
 Calls initiated in NR coverage areas are processed by gNodeBs in compliance with

the VoNR solution.
 The VoeLTE solution is used if there is no NR coverage.
VoNR
eLTE*
Data
5GC
Voice
NR

Voice Services in NSA Option 7/7a/7x
 VoNR is recommended in NSA Option 7/7a/7x Mode.
 Solution 1: VoNR not enabled for NR, and VoeLTE used for voice
services.
 IMS APN traffic is only distributed to eLTE eNodeBs.
 Calls are processed by eLTE eNodeBs in compliance with the VoeLTE solution.
NR
5GC Data
Voice
VoeLTE eLTE*

Voice Services in NSA Option 7/7a/7x (Cont.)
 Solution 2: VoNR enabled for NR, use VoeLTE in areas without NR
coverage.
 IMS APN traffic is preferentially distributed to gNodeBs.
 Calls initiated in NR coverage areas are processed by gNodeBs in compliance with

the VoNR solution.

VoNR
NR
Data
5GC
Voice

SMS Solution in 5GC Networking
 IMS and PS networks jointly process SMS in future.
 UE SMSs are processed on the IMS network.
 Data cards and IoT SMSs are processed on the PS network.

IMS
Vo5G
VoLTE
CSCF IP-SM-GW SMSC
VoeLTE
HSS SMS
5GC S6c
5G SGd
CPE
eLTE AMF SMSF SMSC

SMS Solution in 5GC Networking (Cont.)
 Huawei innovative solution uses IP-SM-GW for protocol conversion.
 The SMSC does not need to be reconstructed.
 The IP-SM-GW can convert the SGd interface and the original MAP interface.
5GC
CPE 5G SGd
AMF SMSF IP-SM-GW SMSC SMS

eLTE

USSD Solution in 5GC Networking
 Networks must be reconstructed to support USSI.
 On 5G networks, there is no interface between the 5GC and MSC, and
therefore CSFB cannot be used any more.
 In this situation, USSD needs to be changed to USSI.
IMS
Vo5G
SIP SIP MAP

CSCF USSI AS USSD center USSD
VoLTE
USSI = USSD over IMS

Contents

Voice Solution Evolution: IMS-based Solution

SMS Solution Evolution: IMS-based Solution

USSD Solution Evolution: IMS-based Solution

Q&A
 Please describe voice solutions in NSA Option 3/3a/3x.
 Please describe voice solution in SA network.

Summary
 In this course, we discuss the following topics:
 Vo5G Voice/Video Communication Solution Consideration
 EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution
 Voice solution in NSA Option 3/3a/3x
 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution
 VoNR in SA Network

Acronyms and Abbreviations
 VoNR: Voice over New Radio
 EVS: Enhanced Voice Services
 NSA: Non Standalone
 BSF: Binding Support Functionality
 USSI: USSD over IMS

Thank You
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Vo5G Solution Introduction

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

 Describe Vo5G Voice/Video Communication Solution Consideration

 Describe EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

 Describe 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3

2. EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

3. 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

4. Voice/Video Communication Solution Evolution

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Search for the target cell. 0 to 40 ms

Obtain the target PRACH. 15 ms

Reserve the protocol-defined margin. 15 ms

Send PRACH preamble. 1 ms

Allocate uplink resources. 4 ms

Total uplink voice interruption duration: 81 ms to 121 ms

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2. EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

3. 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

4. Voice/Video Communication Solution Evolution

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Ultra-high personnel density

There is more than one

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packets on bearer 2 or can RLC RLC X2 NR RLC

*MCG (master cell group)

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 SMS solution principles: SMSs on VoLTE UEs are processed by an IMS

VoLTE LTE Voice

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 SMS solution principles: SMSs on VoNR or VoLTE UEs are processed by an

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Master node Secondary node

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UE eNB/NR S/PGW AGW, MRFP… B party

UE function changes eNodeB/NR function changes HSS/IMS/PCRF/DRA function change

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2. EPC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

3. 5GC-based 5G Voice/Video Communication Solution

4. Voice/Video Communication Solution Evolution

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between 4G and 5G MME

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gNB SGW/ PGW/

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 The new 5GC processes only services of 5G UEs.

5G UEs access eNB MME

gNB AMF SMF/PGW-C

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Before a handover Handover execution After a handover

5GC 5GC 5GC

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