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Python Recipes for Earth Sciences
Book · August 2022

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07719-7
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Martin H. Trauth
Universität Potsdam
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Contents
Preface
1 Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Data Collection
1.3 Types of Data
1.4 Methods of Data Analysis
2 Introduction to Python
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Getting Started
2.3 Python Syntax
2.4 Array Manipulation
2.5 Data Types in Python
2.6 Data Storage and Handling
2.7 Control Flow
2.8 Scripts and Functions
2.9 Basic Visualization Tools
2.10 Generating Code to Recreate Graphics*
2.11 Publishing and Sharing MATLAB Code*
2.12 Creating Graphical User Interfaces*
3 Univariate Statistics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Empirical Distributions
3.3 Examples of Empirical Distributions
3.4 Theoretical Distributions
3.5 Examples of Theoretical Distributions
3.6 Hypothesis Testing
3.7 The t-Test
3.8 The F-Test
3.9 The χ2-Test
3.10 The Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test
3.11 The Mann–Whitney Test
3.12 The Ansari–Bradley Test
3.13 Distribution Fitting
3.14 Error Analysis
4 Bivariate Statistics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Correlation Coef cients
4.3 Classical Linear Regression Analysis
4.4 Analyzing the Residuals
4.5 Bootstrap Estimates of the Regression Coef cients
4.6 Jackknife Estimates of the Regression Coef cients
4.7 Cross-Validation
4.8 Reduced Major Axis Regression
4.9 Curvilinear Regression
4.10 Nonlinear and Weighted Regression
4.11 Classical Linear Regression of Log-Transformed Data
5 Time Series Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Generating Signals
5.3 Auto-Spectral and Cross-Spectral Analysis
5.4 Examples of Auto-Spectral and Cross-Spectral Analysis
5.5 Interpolating and Analyzing Unevenly Spaced Data
5.6 Evolutionary Power Spectrum
5.7 Lomb–Scargle Power Spectrum
5.8 Wavelet Power Spectrum
5.9 Detecting Abrupt Transitions in Time Series*
5.10 Aligning Stratigraphic Sequences*
5.11 Nonlinear Time Series Analysis (by N. Marwan)
6 Signal Processing
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Generating Signals
6.3 Linear Time-Invariant Systems
6.4 Convolution, Deconvolution, and Filtering
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6.5 Comparing Functions for Filtering Data Series
6.6 Recursive and Nonrecursive Filters
6.7 Impulse Response
6.8 Frequency Response
6.9 Filter Design
6.10 Adaptive Filtering
7 Spatial Data
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Global Geography Database GSHHG
7.3 The 1-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data ETOPO1
7.4 The 30 Arc-Second Elevation Model GTOPO30
7.5 The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM
7.6 Exporting 3D Graphics to Create Interactive Documents*
7.7 Gridding and Contouring
7.8 Comparison of Methods and Potential Artifacts
7.9 Statistics of Point Distributions
7.10 Analysis of Digital Elevation Models (by R. Gebbers)
7.11 Geostatistics and Kriging (by R. Gebbers)
8 Image Processing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Data Storage
8.3 Importing, Processing, and Exporting Images
8.4 Importing, Processing, and Exporting Landsat Images
8.5 Importing and Georeferencing Terra ASTER Images
8.6 Processing and Exporting EO-1 Hyperion Images
8.7 Digitizing from the Screen*
8.8 Image Enhancement, Correction, and Recti cation
8.9 Color Intensity Transects across Varved Sediments*
8.10 Grain Size Analysis from Microscopic Images
8.11 Quantifying Charcoal in Microscopic Images
8.12 Shape-Based Object Detection in Images
8.13 The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI
9 Multivariate Statistics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principal Component Analysis
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9.3 Independent Component Analysis (by N. Marwan)
9.4 Discriminant Analysis
9.5 Cluster Analysis
9.6 Multiple Linear Regression
9.7 Aitchison’s Log-Ratio Transformation
10 Directional Data
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Graphical Representation of Circular Data
10.3 Empirical Distributions of Circular Data
10.4 Theoretical Distributions of Circular Data
10.5 Test for Randomness of Circular Data
10.6 Test for the Signi cance of a Mean Direction
10.7 Test for the Difference Between Two Sets of Directions
10.8 Graphical Representation of Spherical Data
10.9 Statistics of Spherical Data
* These sections can be found in the MATLAB version of this book but
could not be translated to Python. However, they are listed here with
corresponding section numbers in order to create identical chapter
numbering (and thereby also identical gure numbering and computer
scripts) between the two versions of the book. The reader can thus use both
books side by side to trace the translation of the scripts from MATLAB to
Python (and back).
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Python Recipes for Earth Sciences

Book · August 2022

East African paleoclimate and Lake-level highstands View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

1 Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences

5 Time Series Analysis

View publication stats

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