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    Minggu 12. Pigmen + Tugas

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    Aldi Firmansyah
    The document discusses different types of pigments found in food, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains, and others. It provides details on the structure and sources of carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. The document also discusses natural and synthetic food colorings, their permitted uses, and regulations around certain colorings.

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    Minggu 12. Pigmen + Tugas

    Uploaded by

    Aldi Firmansyah
    27 views23 pages
    The document discusses different types of pigments found in food, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains, and others. It provides details on the structure and sources of carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. The document also discusses natural and synthetic food colorings, their permitted uses, and regulations around certain colorings.

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    MINGGU 12. PIGMEN + TUGAS

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    The document discusses different types of pigments found in food, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains, and others. It provides details on the structure and sources of carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. The document also discusses natural and synthetic food colorings, their permitted uses, and regulations around certain colorings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views23 pages

    Minggu 12. Pigmen + Tugas

    Uploaded by

    Aldi Firmansyah
    The document discusses different types of pigments found in food, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains, and others. It provides details on the structure and sources of carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. The document also discusses natural and synthetic food colorings, their permitted uses, and regulations around certain colorings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 23

    PIGMENT

    MK KIMIA PANGAN

    1
    TUJUAN KULIAH HARI INI
    Memahami :

    1. Pigmen karotenoid, Flavonoid dan Betalain

    2. Pigmen makanan dan penggunaannya

    2
    Pigments Indigenous to Food

    1. Chlorophylls
    2. Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
    3. Antocyanins
    4. Carotenoids
    5. Flavonoids
    6. Proanthocyanidins
    7. Tannins
    8. Betalains
    9. Quinones & Xanthones
    10. Miscellaneous Natural Pigments
    3
    4
    There are more than 600 known types of
    carotenoids found in plants and food, and they’re
    responsible for the vibrant yellow, orange, and red
    pigments in your fruits.

    As a dietary nutrient, they act as antioxidants, and


    Carotenoids many of them are converted to vitamin A during
    the digestive process. ‌

    Carotenoids are fat-soluble, which means your


    body absorbs their nutrients best with fat. The
    benefits of carotenoids actually increase when you
    chop and cook the fruits and vegetables they
    come in.‌
    Struktur Carotenoids

    6
    Struktur Carotenoids

    7
    Flavonoid merupakan salah satu
    golongan senyawa fenol alam yang
    terbesar.

    Flavonoid terdapat dalam semua


    tumbuhan hijau.
    Flavonoid
    Flavonoid terdapat pada semua bagian
    tumbuhan termasuk daun, akar, kayu,
    kulit, tepung sari, nektar, bunga, buah,
    dan biji.
    Senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan
    struktur inti C6 – C3 – C6.
    Struktur Inti Flavonoid

    9
    Flavonoid

    Source: Nan Shen et al., 2022. Review Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant 10
    activity. Food Chemistry Vol. 383;30 July 2022;132531
    FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY

    Biosynthesis of Flavonoids. 1. The shikimic acid pathway; 2. The acetate pathway.


    Classification of
    flavonoids

    Source: A.N. Panche, A.D. Diwan and S.R. Chandra. 2016. Flavonoids: an overview.
    J Nutr Sci 2016; 5: e47
    Flavonoids, their classes and rich dietary sources
    Flavonoids, their classes and rich dietary sources

    Source: A.N. Panche, A.D. Diwan and S.R. Chandra. 2016. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5: e47
    Plants containing betalaines have colors similar
    to plants containing anthocyanins.
    .

    The presence of betalaines in plants is mutually


    exclusive of the occurrence of anthocyanins
    Betalain
    They consist of red-violet betacyanins (λmax∼540
    nm) and yellow betaxanthins (λmax∼480 nm).

    Their color is not affected by pH, contrary to the


    behavior of anthocyanins.
    Betalain

    16
    Struktur Inti Betalain

    17
    Food Coloring

    18
    Natural and Synthetic Pigments
    Class Examples Use Origin Functions

    Natural Chlorophyll (E140) Tinned veg Plants 1. Improve


    Carotene Soft drinks Carrots appearance of
    Cochineal (E120) Red jelly Cactus insects food
    Caramel Brown sauce, Heated carbs.- 2. To replace
    gravy colour lost in
    Caramelisation processing.
    Synthetic Tartrazine - Yellow Soft drinks All made from coal 3. To satisfy
    Artificial (E120) tar consumer
    Red (E128) Sausages expectations.
    Green (E142) Sweets 4. To give colour
    Amaranth -purply- Blackcurrant to food that
    red (E123) products would be
    colourless
    Colourings are not permitted in fresh meat, fish, poultry, fruit, veg or baby food.

    19
    Non-Certified Colors (natural colors)

    1. Do not need certificate to sell or use.

    2. Most are from nature (Natural Colors)

    3. Members Include:

    Annatto extract Cochineal


    Beet juice powder extract/carmine
    Canthaxanthin Grape color extract
    Caramel Grape skin extract
    Beta-Apo-8’Carotenal Fruit Juice
    Beta carotene
    20
    TUGAS

    Susunlah esai minimal 2 halaman A4 (spasi 1.5) dengan topik pewarna


    makanan yang sesuai dengan SNI maupun peraturan menteri kesehatan

    Dikirim ke email dosen pengampu

    Subyek : Tugas Kimia Pangan_12_Golongan _Kelompok

    21
    THANK YOU

    Neal Creative ©
    23

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