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Data Communication Assignment 1

1) The document discusses two digital modulation schemes: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK). 2) QPSK uses four phases (00, 900, 1800, 2700) to represent two bits simultaneously, allowing it to carry twice the information of ordinary PSK using the same bandwidth. It is used in satellite, modem, and cellular communications. 3) DPSK conveys data by changing the carrier wave's phase based on the previous bit. It is used in wireless LANs, RFID, and Bluetooth communications.

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Ken Mathews
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22 views

Data Communication Assignment 1

1) The document discusses two digital modulation schemes: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK). 2) QPSK uses four phases (00, 900, 1800, 2700) to represent two bits simultaneously, allowing it to carry twice the information of ordinary PSK using the same bandwidth. It is used in satellite, modem, and cellular communications. 3) DPSK conveys data by changing the carrier wave's phase based on the previous bit. It is used in wireless LANs, RFID, and Bluetooth communications.

Uploaded by

Ken Mathews
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KEN MATHEWS KAMAU BSCSC01/0165/2018

ASSIGNMENT 1
Passband Digital Modulation Schemes.
i. Quadrature Phase Modulation
QPSK is a form of phase shift keying modulation in which two bits of
a digital information are modulated at once while selecting one of four
carrier phase shifts [00, 900, 1800, 2700] for representation such that
the phase difference between two adjacent symbols is 900.
The 2bits are combined to form a symbol made up of in-phase data bit
(odd number bit) and a quadrature phase data bit (even number bit)
QSPK allows the signal to carry twice as much information as the
ordinary PSK using the same bandwidth.
QPSK is implemented in satellite transmissions, modem cables,
videoconferencing and also cellular phone systems over a Radio
Frequency carrier.
QPSK waveform

After processing the Even and Odd QPSK signals they are applied to
the summer and the modulated output is seen below.
Modulation

At the input, the digital data odd bits and even bits are separated by
the bit splitter. Each of the bits are then converted to NRZ format in a
parallel manner. The odd bit is then multiplied by a cosine component
while the even bit is multiplied by a sine component. The QPSK
modulated signal is then achieved by adding the two signals

Demodulation

In the demodulator, the received signal is multiplied by a reference


frequency generator. The output of the two bits is then integrated over
one bit period using an integrator. A threshold detector makes a
decision on each integrated bit and then the two bits are remapped to
form detected information stream.
ii. Differential Phase Modulation
DPSK is a digital modulation process which conveys data by
changing the phase of a constant frequency reference signal (carrier
wave).
The phase of the signal tracks the low or high state of the earlier
element.
The binary bits input series can be changed so that the next bit
depends upon the previous bit. Therefore, the earlier bits in the
receiver are utilized for detecting the current bit.
It is used for wireless LANs, RFID and Bluetooth communications.
DPSK waveform

The data-bit ‘0’ signal phase will not be inverted as well as continued
whereas the data-bit ‘1’ signal phase will be inverted.

Modulation

Signal to be transmitted is used as a reference signal. DPSK


modulation encodes two separate signals; carrier signal and the
modulation signal and the phase shift of each signal is 1800.
At the input, the digital data is applied to the XNOR gate. Both the
carrier signal and the XNOR gate output is applied to the balanced
modulator in order to generate the DPSK signal.
Demodulation

Both the previous bit and the reversed bit are compared with each
other.
The signal is ready to release in the direction of lower frequencies
using low pass filter. Later, it is transmitted towards a shaper circuit
for improving the unique binary data for output.

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