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    Transport in Plants: The Vascular Bundle

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    Avyay Toprani
    Plants transport water and nutrients throughout their vascular system. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves, while phloem transports food materials like sucrose from leaves to other plant parts. Water is absorbed through root hairs and transported via the xylem. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from mesophyll cells and exit through stomata, creating a transpiration pull that draws water up from the roots. Factors like temperature and humidity affect the transpiration rate. Translocation transports sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from production sites to storage or use sites.

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    Transport in Plants: The Vascular Bundle

    Uploaded by

    Avyay Toprani
    32 views3 pages
    Plants transport water and nutrients throughout their vascular system. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves, while phloem transports food materials like sucrose from leaves to other plant parts. Water is absorbed through root hairs and transported via the xylem. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from mesophyll cells and exit through stomata, creating a transpiration pull that draws water up from the roots. Factors like temperature and humidity affect the transpiration rate. Translocation transports sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from production sites to storage or use sites.

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    Plants transport water and nutrients throughout their vascular system. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves, while phloem transports food materials like sucrose from leaves to other plant parts. Water is absorbed through root hairs and transported via the xylem. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from mesophyll cells and exit through stomata, creating a transpiration pull that draws water up from the roots. Factors like temperature and humidity affect the transpiration rate. Translocation transports sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from production sites to storage or use sites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views3 pages

    Transport in Plants: The Vascular Bundle

    Uploaded by

    Avyay Toprani
    Plants transport water and nutrients throughout their vascular system. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves, while phloem transports food materials like sucrose from leaves to other plant parts. Water is absorbed through root hairs and transported via the xylem. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from mesophyll cells and exit through stomata, creating a transpiration pull that draws water up from the roots. Factors like temperature and humidity affect the transpiration rate. Translocation transports sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from production sites to storage or use sites.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Transport In Plants

    The Vascular Bundle


    Plants contain two types of transport vessels:
     Xylem vessels – transport water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves.
     Phloem vessels – transport food materials (made by the plant from photosynthesising)
    from leaves to non-photosynthesising regions in the roots and stem.

    Water Uptake
    Root Hair Cells
     The cells that are present for the absorption of water and ions from the soil are
    known as root hair cells.
     These cells have several adaptations to absorb both water and minerals:
    ► Large surface area for osmosis of water and active transport of ions
    ► Thin walls, making the distance for movement in the cell small
    ► High mineral concentration, creating a low water potential for osmosis to take
    place
    ► Lot of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport of ions

    Pathway of Water Uptake


     Water travels from the roots to the stems and finally to the leaves. This happens in as
    specific order:
    1. Root Hair Cells
    2. Root Cortex Cells
    3. Xylem Cells
    4. Mesophyll Cells

    Transpiration
     Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water
    at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through
    the stomata.
     Water is transported from the roots to the leave through the xylem vessels

    Water Vapour Loss


     Evaporation takes place from the surfaces of spongy mesophyll cells
     There are many interconnecting air spaces between these cells and the stomata
    creating a large surface area
     This means that water vapour loss can happen rapidly when stomata are open
    Transpiration Stream
    1. Leave cells have a layer of moisture which evaporates into a vapour and the excess
    will exit into the air from the stomata by diffusion
    2. The water potential gradient is lowered in the mesophyll cells
    3. The neighbouring xylem cells now have a higher water potential; therefore, water
    leaves them and enters the mesophyll cells by osmosis
    4. The water potential in the xylem is lower, therefore, water is pulled up from the roots
    by the xylem
    5. The water molecules are held to each other by cohesive forces, so water is pulled
    through the plant
    6. The water potential in the roots is lowered, so water from the soil enters by osmosis

    This is a continuous suction force caused due to transpiration, known as the transpiration
    pull/stream.

    Wilting
     If more water evaporates from the leaves of a plant than is available in the soil to
    move into the root by osmosis, then wilting will occur
     This is when all the cells of the plant are not full of water, so the strength of the cell
    walls cannot support the plant and it starts to collapse
     This may kill a plant as the cells start to get plasmolysed

    Factors Affecting Transpiration


     Temperature: if temperature increases the water molecules will have more kinetic
    energy, causing them to move faster which means they will evaporate more easily
    Therefore, the higher the temperature, the transpiration rate increases
     Humidity: in a humid environment, the air is almost saturated with water vapour,
    hence there is hardly any concentration gradient between the air spaces inside and
    outside the leaf, so the rate of evaporation is slow
    Therefore, the more humid an environment, the transpiration rate decreases

    Investigating Transpiration Rate

    The more the bubble travels, the faster the transpiration.


    Translocation
     Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from regions
    of production (source) to regions of storage or where they are used in respiration or
    growth (sink)
    Translocation is always from a Source to Sink
     During summer and autumn, plants continuously produce glucose, converts it into
    sucrose and sends it to the roots to store. The source is the leaves and the sink is
    the roots
     During spring, the stored food in the roots (the source in this case) is sent back to the
    rest of the plant, when leaves fall off and there is no photosynthesis taking place. The
    sink here is the rest of the plant

    Important Minerals
    Magnesium
     Absorbed as Mg2+ ions
     Function: forms part of chlorophyll
     Deficiency: severe symptoms; leaves turn yellow from the bottom first

    Nitrogen
     Absorbed as NH4+ or NO3- ions
     Function: needed for making proteins such as enzymes
     Deficiency: severe symptoms; plant stunted with weak stem; yellowing and dying
    leaves

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