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Simcenter Nastran 2206
Verification Manual
Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 2

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Table of Contents
Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice ...................................................................................3
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................5

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 12
Overview of the Verification Manual ..................................................................................... 12
Running the Test Cases.......................................................................................................... 12
Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions ........................................................ 13
Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions ..................................... 13
Understanding the Test Case Format .................................................................................. 13
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions ..................................................... 13
References ......................................................................................................................... 14
Test Cases ............................................................................................................................. 15
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam ....................................................................................... 15
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam .......................................................................... 16
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam ............................................................................ 18
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam .................................................................................. 20
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading ............................................................ 22
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam ................................................ 24
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam ..................................................................... 26
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element ......................................... 28
Axial Loading on Rod Element .......................................................................................... 30
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap .............................................................. 31
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension ................................................................................... 33
Thin-walled Cantilever Beam in Bending ........................................................................... 35
Strain Energy of a Truss ..................................................................................................... 37
Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks .................................... 40
Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks ................... 40
Reference ........................................................................................................................... 40
Test Cases ............................................................................................................................. 40
Elliptic Membrane ............................................................................................................. 40
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test ............................................................................................... 44
Hemisphere-Point Loads .................................................................................................... 47
Z-Section Cantilever .......................................................................................................... 50
Skew Plate Normal Pressure .............................................................................................. 52
Thick Plate Pressure ........................................................................................................... 54
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere – Temperature ...................................................................... 59

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification ..................................................................................... 65
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions .................... 65
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions ..................................................... 65
Reference ........................................................................................................................... 66
Test Cases ............................................................................................................................. 66
Undamped Free Vibration – Single Degree of Freedom ..................................................... 66
Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration – Principle Modes ............................ 68
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System ..................................................................... 69
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System ....................................................... 71
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations...................................................................... 73
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass ......................................................................... 75
Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks ................... 77

Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks .. 77
Reference ........................................................................................................................... 77
Beam Element Test Cases ...................................................................................................... 77
Pin-ended Cross – In-plane Vibration................................................................................. 77
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration ..................................................................... 81
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration ............................................................................. 85
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses ............................................................................ 88
Deep Simply-Supported Beam ........................................................................................... 90
Circular Ring – In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration.......................................................... 94
Cantilevered Beam ............................................................................................................. 97
Shell Element Test Cases ..................................................................................................... 101
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate – Symmetric Modes ........................................................ 101
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate – Anti-symmetric Modes................................................. 105
Free Thin Square Plate ..................................................................................................... 109
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate ................................................................................ 113
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate .............................................................................. 117
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate .......................................................................................... 123
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh ........................................................ 127
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A .................................................................. 134
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B .................................................................. 138
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate ......................................................................................... 143
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate ............................................................................ 147
Cantilevered Square Membrane ....................................................................................... 152
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane ..................................................................................... 156
Free Annular Membrane .................................................................................................. 160
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate ........................................................................................ 164

Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases .............................................................. 167
Free Cylinder – Axisymmetric Vibration.......................................................................... 167
Thick Hollow Sphere – Uniform Radial Vibration ........................................................... 171
Simply Supported Annular Plate – Axisymmetric Vibration............................................. 176
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam ............................................................................. 181
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate ............................................................................ 186
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate .......................................................................... 192
Cantilevered Solid Beam .................................................................................................. 198
Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens ................................. 204
Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens .... 204
Understanding the Test Case Format ................................................................................ 204
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 204
Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements ..................... 204
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports ........................................................................ 204
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element .................................................................... 206
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe............................................................................... 208
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch................................................................................. 211
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss ......................................................... 214
Articulated Plane Truss .................................................................................................... 216
Beam on an Elastic Foundation ........................................................................................ 219
Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements .................................. 222
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate......................................................................... 222
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole .................................................................................... 224
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate ............................................................... 227
Torque Loading on a Square Tube ................................................................................... 230
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure ........................................................................... 232
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder .................................................................. 236
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder .................................................................. 239
Pinched Cylindrical Shell ................................................................................................. 242
Spherical Shell with a Hole .............................................................................................. 245
Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell ................................................................................ 248
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate ............................ 250
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate .............................. 254
Shear Loading on a Plate.................................................................................................. 256
Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements .................................. 259
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension ........................................................................................ 259
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container ................................................. 263
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder ...................................................... 267
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending ........................................................................................ 271
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges .......................................................................................... 275

Mechanical Structures – Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis ................................................. 281
Lumped Mass-Spring System........................................................................................... 281
Short Beam on Simple Supports ....................................................................................... 284
Axial Loading on a Rod ................................................................................................... 287
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section ...................................................... 289
Thin Circular Ring ........................................................................................................... 291
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points ...................................................................... 294
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow ............................................................................ 296
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass ................................................................ 299
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free) ............................................................................... 303
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate ................................................................................ 305
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub .................................................................................. 308
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell ............................................................ 310
Bending of a Symmetric Truss ......................................................................................... 313
Hovgaard's Problem – Pipes with Flexible Elbows ........................................................... 316
Rectangular Plates............................................................................................................ 319
Stationary Thermal Tests – Heat Transfer Analysis.............................................................. 322
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures ............................................................................ 322
Hollow Cylinder - Convection ......................................................................................... 324
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density ........................................................................................ 326
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection .......................................................... 329
Wall-Convection .............................................................................................................. 331
Wall-Fixed Temperatures ................................................................................................. 333
L-Plate ............................................................................................................................. 335
Orthotropic Square ........................................................................................................... 338
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection ........................................................... 341
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection ............................................................. 344
Thermo-mechanical Tests – Linear Statics Analysis ............................................................ 348
Orthotropic Cube ............................................................................................................. 348
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe ..................................................................................... 352
Simply-Supported Arch ................................................................................................... 354
Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks ....... 358
Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases ... 358
Understanding the Verification Format ............................................................................ 358
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 358
Test Cases ........................................................................................................................... 358
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests ................................................................ 358
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests ........................................................... 365
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests ................................................................ 372
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests ........................................................... 379

Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests ............................................................................ 386
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests ....................................................................... 395
Shell Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests ............................................................................ 405
Torsional Creep of A Circular Shaft - Relaxation at Constant Twist ................................. 408
Torsional Creep of A Circular Shaft - Forward Creep at Steady Twist Rate ...................... 414
Torsional Creep of A Square Shaft - Relaxation at Constant Twist ................................... 420
Torsional Creep of A Square Shaft - Forward Creep at Steady Twist Rate........................ 426
Axisymmetric Elements – Plastic and Creep Tests ........................................................... 433
Plane Strain Rigid Punch.................................................................................................. 442
Thermally Induced Creep of Internally Pressurised Sphere............................................... 447
Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks....................... 456
Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases .................. 456
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 456
Test Cases ........................................................................................................................... 456
Straight Cantilever with End Moment .............................................................................. 456
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements ...................................... 467
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements ................................... 472
Lee's Frame Buckling Problem......................................................................................... 477
Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform Pressure
Loading ........................................................................................................................... 480
Results ............................................................................................................................. 482
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 484
Complex Modal - Rotor Dynamics Verification .................................................................. 485
Overview of Complex Modal - Rotor Dynamics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions .. 485
Understanding the Test Case Format ................................................................................ 485
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions ................................................... 485
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 486
Test Cases ........................................................................................................................... 487
Critical Speed Analysis of a Rotor ................................................................................... 487
Contact Verification Using NAFEMS Benchmarks ............................................................. 495
Overview of the Contact Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases ...................................... 495
Reference ......................................................................................................................... 495
Test Cases ........................................................................................................................... 495
2D Cylinder Roller Contact .............................................................................................. 495
3D Punch (Rounded edges) .............................................................................................. 501
3D Sheet metal forming ................................................................................................... 510

3D Loaded pin ................................................................................................................. 513
3D Steel roller on rubber .................................................................................................. 516

Introduction
Overview of the Verification Manual
This guide contains verification test cases for Simcenter Nastran. These test cases verify the
function of the different Simcenter Nastran analysis types using theoretical and benchmark
solutions from well-known engineering test cases. Each test case contains test case data and
information, such as element type and material properties, results, and references.
The guide contains test cases for:
● Linear Statics verification using theoretical solutions
● Linear Statics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
● Normal Mode Dynamics verification using theoretical solutions
● Normal Mode Dynamics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
● Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
● Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
(Simcenter Nastran only)
● Geometric Nonlinear verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
Running the Test Cases
All verification test cases are available as *.dat files and are included in the Simcenter Nastran
installation in the directory path install_dir/scnas/nast/docs/verification.
The test cases are relatively simple, and most have closed-form theoretical solutions. Differences
between finite element and theoretical solutions are in most cases negligible. Some tests would
require an infinite number of elements to achieve an exact solution. Elements are chosen to
achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Note
Actual results from Simcenter Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results
presented in this document. This variation is generally due to different methods of
performing real number algorithms on different systems.

Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions
Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the Simcenter Nastran
software using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of
them have closed-form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well-known engineering texts. For
each test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of
this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
● Understanding the test case format
● Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions
● References
Understanding the Test Case Format
Each test case is structured with the following information.
● Test case data and information:
o Physical and material properties
o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)
o Units
o Solution type
o Element type
o Boundary conditions (loads, restraints)
● Results
● References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)
In addition to these example problems, test cases from NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite
Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.) have been
executed. Results for these test cases can be found in the next section, Linear Statics Analysis
Verification Using NAFEMS Standard Benchmarks.
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions
While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some
tests would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are
chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and
finite element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.

The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not
exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite element model,
but are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is more difficult but
should be done when possible.
The actual results from the Simcenter Nastran software may vary insignificantly from the results
presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real
numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element
formulations which have been made to improve results under certain circumstances.
References
The following references have been used in the Linear Statics Analysis verification problems
presented:
1. Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
2. Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis. New York Macmillan1959.
3. Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1975.
4. Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1983.
5. Timoshenko, S. Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems. New
York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.

Test Cases
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam.
Test Case Data and Information
Input Files
mstvl001.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
Cross Sectional Properties
● Area = 30 x 30 in.
● Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4

Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Finite Element Modeling
Create four successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.
● Loads
o Set grid force to 50,000 lb in the -Y direction.
Solution Type
SOL 101 – Linear Statics

SOL 401 – Nonlinear Multistep
SOL 402 – Nonlinear Multistep which supports large rotation kinematics
Results
Result Bench Value SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 5333. 5333. 5333. 5333.
Y Deflection, grid point 5 (in) 0.9102 0.9130 0.9130 0.9130
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to an axial loading along a linear beam
element.

Input Files
mstvl002.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● Length = 300 in.
● Square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.)

o Area = 9 in.2
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Create 30 beam elements along the X axis, each 10 in. long.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain one end of the beam in all six degrees.
● Loads
o Apply the axial force as an axial distributed load (force per unit length) of 1000
lb/in. to the 10 in. long element furthest from the restrained end.
The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

Results
Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 1111. 1111. 1111. N/A
Deflection in X, grid point 2 (in) 0.01111 0.01093 0.01093
Reaction in X, grid point 1 (lb) –1.000E4 –1.000E4 –1.000E4
References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials.. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 76.
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.

Input Files
mstvl003.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
● Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.)

o Area = 900 in.2
o Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
● Loads
o Define a distributed load of 250 lb/in. in the –Y direction.

Solution Type

Results
X Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 6,400. 6,400. 6383. N/A
Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.8190 0.8225 * 0.8225 *
Reaction Force Magnitude at grid point 1 (lb) 1.200E5 1.200E5 1.125E5
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

References
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the bending stress of the beam and
the reaction force at the restrained end.

Input Files
mstvl004.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
● Square cross section 30” x 30” inches

o Area = 900 in.2
o Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
● Loads
o Set the Z-moment of the end grid point to 2.5E6 in.-lb.
Solution Type

Results
Von Mises Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 555.6 555.6 555.6 555.6

Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.1422 0.1422 0.1422 0.1422
Reaction Moment Z Direction at grid point 1

2.500E6 2.500E6 2.500E6 2.500E6
(in.-lb)
* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

References
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to a torque applied to a hollow cylinder
at the free end.
Input Files
mstvl005.dat
Units
SI - meter

Model Geometry
Length = 1.5 m
● Radius1 = 0.02 m
● Radius2 = .03 m
Material Properties
● E = 208.6 GPa
● Create a CBAR element along the X axis.

● To find the maximum shearing stress, set the effective radius in torsion to 0.03 m.
● The minimum shearing stress is located at a radius equal to 0.02 m.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
● Loads
o Apply an edge torque equal to 4.08 kN-m along the 10 cm linear beam (CBAR)
element furthest from the restrained end.
Solution Type

Results
Max Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 120.0 120.0 120.0 N/A
Min Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 80.00 80.00 80.0
Post Processing
To obtain the minimum and maximum shear stress values, a post processor which supports
contour plots of the torsional shear stress on the cross section using the linear beam (CBAR)

element forces must be used. The cross section location can be anywhere except the free end of
the beam.
References
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam

A beam originally 1 meter long and at –50° C is heated to 25° C. First, determine the
displacement and thermal strain on a cantilever beam. Fix the beam at the free end and then
determine the displacement, reaction forces, and stresses along the beam. Next, fix the beam at
both ends.
Input Files
mstvl007.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1 m
● Area = 0.01 m2

Material Properties
● E = 2.068E+11 Pa
● Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.2E–05
● v = 0.3
● Create 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements on the X axis and restrain the end grids in all
directions.
● Apply a temperature on all grid points.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Case 1: Restrain one end of the beam in all six directions.
o Case 2: Restrain both ends of the beam in all six directions.
● Loads
o Set grid temperatures to 25°C. Set the reference temperature to –50°C.
Solution Type

Results
Case 1
X Displacement at grid
.0009000 .0009000 .0009000 .0009000
11 (m)
Axial Thermal Strain .0009000 .0009000 .0009000 0009000
Case 2
X Displacement (m) 0 0 0 0

Axial Stress (Pa) 1.860E8 1.861E8 1.861E8 1.861E8
X Reaction Force (N) 1.860E6 1.861E6 1.861E6 1.861E6
References
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam

A beam 40 feet long is restrained and loaded as shown with a distributed load of 10,000 lb/ft.
Determine the bending stress and the deflection at the middle of the beam.

Input Files
mstvl008.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.
● Rectangular cross section (1.17 in. x 43.24 in.)

● Iz = 7892 in.4
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Create 4 successive linear beam (CBAR) elements that are each 10 feet long.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain the second and the fourth grids in five degrees of freedom. Do not
restrain rotation about Z.
● Loads
o Define a distributed load (force per unit length) of –10,000 lb/foot (global
negative Y direction) on the end elements.
Solution Type

Results

Bench
Result SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Value
Y Displacement at grid 3 (in.) 0.1820 0.182 0.182 N/A
Max bending stress (psi) 1.644E4 1.644E4 1.644E4
References
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element
A circle is scribed on an unstressed aluminum plate. Forces acting in the plane of the plate cause
normal stresses. Determine the change in the length of diameter AB and of diameter CD.

Input Files
mstvl009.dat
Element Types
cquad4
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● Length = 15 in.
● Diameter = 9 in.
● Thickness = 3/4 in.
Material Properties
● E = 10E+6 psi
● Poisson's ratio = 1/3
● F(x)/L = 9,000 lb/in.
● F(z)/L = 15,000 lb/in.
Create 1/4 of the model and apply symmetry boundary conditions. Then multiply the answer by
2 for correct results. Remember to account for the ratio of the circle diameter to plate length.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
● Loads
o Set the edge pressure to 9,000 lb/in. in the X direction and 15,000 lb/in. in the Z
direction.
Solution Type

Results

X Diameter Change (in.) 4.800E-3 4.800E-3 4.800E-3 4.800E-3
Z Diameter Change (in.) 14.40E-3 14.40E-3 14.40E-3 14.40E-3
Post Processing
● (dx at grid point 7 – dx at grid point 10) x 2 = (0.004 – 0.0016) x 2 = 0.0048
● (dz at grid point 7 – dz at grid point 24) x 2 = (0.012 –0.0048) x 2 = 0.0144
References
Axial Loading on Rod Element

Determine the stress, elongation, and strain due to an axial load on a rod element.
Input Files
mstvl011.dat
Units
SI - meters
Model Geometry
Length = 10 m
● Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
● E = 200.0 GPa
Create a rod (CROD) element along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain an end of the rod in the 3 translational degrees.
● Loads

o Apply a grid point force in the positive X-direction of 500 kN.
Solution Type

Results
Result Bench Value SOL 101 SOL 402
Axial Stress (MPa) 50.00 50.00 N/A
Axial Strain 0.0002500 0.0002500 N/A
Elongation (mm) 2.500 2.500 2.500
References
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap

Determine the stress on a beam as it expands thermally and closes a 0.002 inch gap. It is initially
at 70 °F and is heated to 170 °F.

Input Files
mstvl013.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 3 in.
Material Properties
● E = 1.05E+7 psi
● Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.25E–05 in./(in.–°F)
● Create a single linear beam (CBAR) element on the X axis.

● Create an MPC to define the closing of the gap.

Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain the free end of the beam in all six degrees.
● Loads
o Set grid temperature to 170 °F.
o Set the reference temperature to 70 °F.
Solution Type
Results
Result Bench Value SOL 101
Axial Stress (psi) –6.125E3 –6.125E3
References
Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis 1959. p. 58.
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension

Determine the stress and deflection of a thin wall cylinder with a uniform axial load.

Input Files
mstvl014.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● R = 0.5 in.
● Thickness = 0.01 in.
● y = 1.0 in.
Material Properties
● E = 10,000 psi
● ν = 0.3

Create 1/4 model of the cylinder with thin shell linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements and
symmetry boundary conditions.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain edges of symmetry, in translation, in hoop direction, and rotation about Z
axis.
o Restrain one end in Y direction.
Loads
o Apply membrane edge pressure of p / (pi)D = 3.1831 where p = 10 psi
Solution Type

Results
Axial (Z) Stress (psi) 1.000E3 1.000E3 1.000E3 1.000E3
Axial (Z) Deflection (in.) 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100
Radial Deflection (in.) –0.01500 –0.01500 –0.01500 –0.01500
References
Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1989. p. 518, Case 1a.
Thin-walled Cantilever Beam in Bending

Determine the maximum stress, maximum deflection, and strain energy for a thin-walled
cantilever beam subjected to a bending load.

Input Files
mstvl015.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● Length = 30 in.
● Width = 5 in.
● Thickness = 0.1 in.
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
● ν = 0.03

Create a 30 in. x 5 in. plate with thing shell (CQUAD4) elements.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain at one of the ends in all directions.
● Loads
o Apply edge pressure of p/w = 1.2 lbs/in where p = 6.0 lb.
Solution Type

Results
Max Deflection (in.) 4.320 4.264 4.226 4.226
Max Bending Stress (psi) 2.160E4 1.980E4 2.087E4 2.087E4
Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 12.96 12.79 N/A N/A
References
Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-
Hill, Inc., 1983. pg. 804.
Strain Energy of a Truss

Determine the strain energy of a truss. The cross-sectional area of the diagonal members is twice
the cross-sectional area of the horizontal and vertical members.

Input Files
mstvl016.dat
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● Length = 10 in.
● Cross-sectional area (A) = 0.01 in.2
Material Properties
● E = 30E+6 psi
Create truss shown using rod (CROD) elements.
Boundary Conditions
● Restraints
o Restrain far left grid in directions: X, Y, Z, RX, RY.
o Restrain far right grid in directions: Y, Z, RX, RY.
● Loads

o Apply grid force in Y direction on lower center grid; F= 300 lb.
Solution Type
Results
Result Bench Value SOL 101
Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 5.846 5.846
References

Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS
Benchmarks
Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS

Benchmarks
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of Simcenter Nastran using
standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and
Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite
elements in commercial software. All results obtained using Simcenter Nastran compare
favorably with other commercial finite element analysis software.
Each test case is structured with the following information:
● Test case data and information
o Units
o Finite element modeling information
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
o Solution type
● Results
● Reference
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks. Glasgow:
NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
Test Cases
Elliptic Membrane
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an elliptic membrane (shown below) using coarse and fine
meshes of plane stress elements and thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for
NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE1.

Ellipses:
Input Files
le101.dat (plane stress quadrilateral)
le102.dat (plane stress triangle)
le103.dat (thin shell)
Physical and Material Properties
● Thickness = 0.1 m
● Isotropic material
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3
Units
SI
● Plane stress linear (CPLSTS4) and parabolic (CPLSTS8) quadrilaterals – coarse and fine
mesh.
● Plane stress linear (CPLSTS3) and parabolic (CPLSTS6) triangles – coarse and fine
mesh.
● Thin shell (MID1, MID2 and MID3 defined on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and
parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals – coarse and fine mesh.

● The fine mesh is created by approximately halving the coarse mesh.
Boundary Conditions
● Uniform outward pressure at outer edge BC = 10 MPa

● Inner curved edge AD unloaded
● X displacement (edge AB) = 0

● Y displacement (edge CD) = 0
Solution Type

Results
Output – tangential edge stress at D (stress in Y direction)
Plane Stress Elements
Test case Grid point # Bench Value SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Linear quad
4 92.7 62.1 62.1 62.1
coarse mesh
Linear quad
204 92.7 79.6 79.6 79.5
fine mesh
Parabolic quad
104 92.7 85.0 85.0 86.5
coarse mesh
Parabolic quad
304 92.7 94.4 94.4 91.3
fine mesh
Linear triangle
4 92.7 52.9 52.9 52.9
coarse mesh

Linear triangle
204 92.7 70.8 70.8 70.8
fine mesh
Parabolic triangle
104 92.7 76.6 82.4 87.4
coarse mesh
Parabolic triangle
304 92.7 93.5 93.5 93.5
fine mesh
Thin Shell Elements
Linear quad
4 92.7 62.1 70.1 69.4
coarse mesh
Linear quad
204 92.7 79.6 85.6 85.3
fine mesh
Parabolic quad
104 92.7 82.1 85.0 85.1
coarse mesh
Parabolic quad
304 92.7 89.9 91.4 91.4
fine mesh
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No.
LE1. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a cylindrical shell (shown below) using thin shell elements
and two different loadings. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE2.

Input Files
le201a.dat (linear shell, case 1)
le201b.dat (parabolic shell, case 1)
le202a.dat (linear shell, case 2)
le202b.dat (parabolic shell, case 2)
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3
Units
SI
● Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals

Boundary Conditions
● Translations and rotations (edge AB) = 0

● Z translations and normal rotations (edge AD and edge BC) = 0
Case 1 loading:
● Uniform normal edge moment on DC = 1.0 kNm/m
Case 2 loading:
● Uniform outward normal pressure at mid-surface ABCD = 0.6 MPa
● Tangential outward normal pressure on edge DC = 60.0 MPa

Solution Type

Results
Output – outer (convex) surface (top shell surface) tangential stress at point E (grid point 2):
Test case Filename Bench Value SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Linear quad – case 1 le201a 60.00 51.8 49.7 49.8
Linear quad – case 2 le202a 60.00 51.1* 60.2 62.7
Parabolic quad – case 1 le201b 60.00 56.4 54.7 54.2
Parabolic quad – case 2 le202b 60.00 56.4* 54.6 54.0
* Since the shapes of the shells are an approximation to a cylindrical surface, an edge
load will not be in the correct direction. To get this result, the edge load must be input
as grid forces in the tangential direction.
Post Processing
● Stress component: Y
● Results obtained on the element top surface in cylindrical coordinate system
References
Hemisphere-Point Loads
This test is a linear elastic analysis of hemisphere point loads (shown below) using coarse and
fine meshes of thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE3.

Input Files
le301.dat (linear quad, coarse mesh)
le302.dat (linear quad, fine mesh)
le303.dat (parabolic quad, coarse mesh)
● E = 68.25 × 103 MPa
● v = 0.3
Units
SI
● Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals – coarse and fine
mesh
● Equally spaced grid points on AC, CE, EA
● Point G at X = Y = Z = 10 /( 31/2) grid point 7

Boundary Conditions
● Edge AE symmetry about XZ plane (y = rotation x = rotation z = 0)

● Edge CE symmetry about YZ plane (x = rotation y = rotation z = 0)
● Point E (x = y = z = 0)
● All other displacements on edge AC are free.
● Concentrated radial load outward at A = 2KN
● Concentrated radial load inward at C = 2KN
Solution Type

Results
Output – X displacement at point A

Mesh Test Case Bench Value SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
linear quad – coarse mesh le301 0.185 0.1848 0.0801 0.0801
linear quad – fine mesh le302 0.185 0.1865 0.1751 0.1751
parabolic quad – coarse mesh le303 0.185 0.1416 0.1497 0.1497
References
Z-Section Cantilever
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a Z-section cantilever (shown below) using thin shell
elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE5.
Input Files
le501.dat (linear quadrilateral)
le502.dat (parabolic quadrilateral)
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3

Units
SI
● Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals
Boundary Conditions
● All displacements on edges B1, B2, B3 = 0

● Torque of 1.2MN applied at end C by two edge shears (at C1 & C3) of 0.6 MN
Solution Type

Results
Output – averaged axial stress at mid-surface, point A, grid point 30 (compression)
Bench
Value
Linear quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –111.0 -114.2 -114.2
Parabolic quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –110.3new -110.2 -110.2
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No.

Skew Plate Normal Pressure
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a plate (shown below) using thin shell elements. It provides
the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE6.
Input Files
le601.dat (linear and parabolic quad)
le602.dat (linear and parabolic triangle)
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3
Units
SI
● Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals – coarse and fine
mesh
● Thin shell linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles – coarse and fine mesh
Boundary Conditions
● Simple supports
● Z displacement = 0 on outer edges
● Z rotation = 0 at center node for SOL 101 and SOL 401
● Normal pressure = –0.7KPa in the Z direction

Solution Type

Results
Output – maximum principal stress on the bottom surface at the plate center.
Case le601
Grid Bench
Mesh SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
point # Value
Linear quad coarse mesh 9 0.802 0.325 0.355 0.355
Linear quad fine mesh 18 0.802 0.683 0.700 0.700
Parabolic quad coarse

43 0.802 0.670 0.671 0.671
mesh
Parabolic quad fine mesh 52 0.802 0.660 0.660 0.660
Case le602
Grid Bench
point # Value
Linear triangle coarse

9 0.802 0.396 0.320 0.320
mesh
Linear triangle fine mesh 18 0.802 0.720 0.630 0.630

Grid Bench
point # Value
Parabolic triangle coarse

43 0.802 0.926 0.573 0.573
mesh
Parabolic triangle fine

52 0.802 0.857 0.777 0.777
mesh
References
Thick Plate Pressure

This article provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE10.
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a thick (shown below) using coarse and fine meshes of
solid elements.
Ellipses:

Input Files
le1001.dat (linear and parabolic brick)
le1002.dat (linear and parabolic wedge)
le1003.dat (linear and parabolic tetrahedron)
le1004.dat (linear and parabolic pyramid)
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3
Units
SI
● Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
● Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
● Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) - linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh
● Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh (created by
dividing each linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)
Solid Brick

Solid Wedge

Solid Tetrahedron – fine mesh only
Boundary Conditions
● Uniform normal pressure on the upper surface of the plate = 1 MPa

● Inner curved edge AD unloaded
● X and Y displacements on faces DCD'C′ and ABA′B′ = 0
● X and Y displacements on face BCB′C′ are fixed
● Z displacements along mid-plane are fixed
Solution Type


Results
Output – direct stress at point Dσyy
Test Case le1001
Bench
Mesh Grid point # SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Value
Linear brick – coarse mesh 4 –5.38 –5.41 -6.31 -6.42
Linear brick – fine mesh 204 –5.38 –5.67 -6.01 -6.04
Parabolic brick – coarse mesh 104 –5.38 –6.13 -5.57 -5.49
Parabolic brick – fine mesh 304 –5.38 –6.04 -5.95 -5.80
Test Case le1002
Bench
Value
Linear wedge – coarse mesh 4 –5.38 –5.94 -3.52 -5.45
Linear wedge – fine mesh 204 –5.38 –5.83 -4.97 -6.09
Parabolic wedge – coarse mesh 104 –5.38 –5.32 -5.58 -6.04
Parabolic wedge – fine mesh 304 –5.38 –6.01 -6.10 -6.15
Test Case le1003
Bench
Result Grid point # SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Value
Linear tetra – fine mesh 40 –5.38 –2.41 –2.41 –2.41
Parabolic tetra – fine mesh 171 –5.38 –5.28 –5.28 –5.13
Test Case le1004

Bench
Value
Linear pyramid – coarse mesh 4 –5.38 –2.85 –2.85 -3.28
Linear pyramid – fine mesh 204 –5.38 –3.83 –3.83 -4.26
Parabolic pyramid – coarse mesh 104 –5.38 –5.60 –5.49 -5.43
Parabolic pyramid – fine mesh 304 –5.38 –5.72 -5.72 -5.64
References
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere – Temperature

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a solid cylinder with a temperature gradient (shown below)
using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements. It provides the input data and results for
NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE11.

Input Files
le1101a.dat (linear brick – coarse mesh)
le1101b.dat (linear brick – fine mesh)
le1102a.dat (parabolic brick – coarse mesh)
le1102b.dat (parabolic brick – fine mesh)
le1103a.dat (linear wedge – coarse mesh)
le1103b.dat (linear wedge – fine mesh)
le1104a.dat (parabolic wedge – coarse mesh)
le1104b.dat (parabolic wedge – fine mesh)
le1105a.dat (linear tetra – coarse mesh)
le1105b.dat (linear tetra – fine mesh)
le1106a.dat (parabolic tetra – coarse mesh)
le1106b.dat (parabolic tetra – fine mesh)
le1107a.dat (linear pyramid – coarse mesh)
le1107b.dat (linear pyramid – fine mesh)
le1108a.dat (parabolic pyramid – coarse mesh)
le1108b.dat (parabolic pyramid – fine mesh)
● E = 210E+3 MPa
● v = 0.3
● a = 2.3E–4 °C
Units
SI
● Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic – coarse and fine mesh
● Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear (6 grid point) and parabolic (15 grid point) – coarse and
fine mesh
● Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) linear and parabolic – coarse and fine mesh
● Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic – coarse and fine mesh (created by
dividing each linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)
Solid Brick

Solid Tetrahedron

Boundary Conditions
● Linear temperature gradient in the radial and axial direction

T° C = (X2 + Z2)1/2 + Y
● Zero Z displacement on XY plane
● Zero X displacement on YZ plane
● Y displacements on XZ-plane face and HIH′I′ face = 0
Solution Type

Results
Output - direct stress σyy at point A
File Grid point Bench

Name at Point A Value
Linear brick
le1101a 30 –105.0 –88.50 -95.66 -94.70
coarse mesh
Linear brick
le1101b 71 –105.0 –98.3 -99.50 -99.30
fine mesh

File Grid point Bench
Name at Point A Value
Parabolic brick
le1102a 67 –105.0 –100.4 -97.65 -94.03
coarse mesh
Parabolic brick
le1102b 159 –105.0 –111.6 -108.31 -105.9
fine mesh
Linear wedge
le1103a 33 –105.0 –16.86 -9.49 -32.48
coarse mesh
Linear wedge
le1103b 74 –105.0 –57.90 -46.86 -72.95
fine mesh
Parabolic wedge
le1104a 71 –105.0 –87.2 -88.57 -88.89
coarse mesh
Parabolic wedge
le1104b 187 –105.0 –96.2 -96.77 -96.82
fine mesh
Linear tetra
le1105a 8 –105.0 –31.4 -31.43 -31.43
coarse mesh
Linear tetra
le1105b 8 –105.0 –65.2 –65.2 –65.2
fine mesh
Parabolic tetra
le1106a 8 –105.0 –89.6 –89.5 –89.6
coarse mesh
Parabolic tetra
le1106b 8 –105.0 –97.3 –97.3 –97.2
fine mesh
Linear pyramid
le1107a 30 –105.0 –57.0 –57.0 –56.4
coarse mesh
Linear pyramid
le1107b 71 –105.0 –79.8 –79.8 -81.37
fine mesh
Parabolic pyramid
le1108a 67 –105.0 –98.1 –98.2 -99.7
coarse mesh
Parabolic pyramid
le1108b 159 –105.0 –108.8 –108.8 –108.0
fine mesh

References

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Theoretical
Solutions
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of Simcenter
Nastran using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them
have closed-form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well-known engineering texts. For
each test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of
this topic.
● References
o Units
o Solution type
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)
● Results
● Reference
While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some
tests would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are
chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and
finite element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.

The actual results from Simcenter Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results presented in
this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic
on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been
made to improve results under certain circumstances.
Reference
The following references have been used in the normal mode dynamics analysis verification
problems presented:
1. Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition. New York:
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.
2. Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering. New York: Van Norstrand
Reinhold Company, 1955.
3. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications.
Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
4. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and
Bacon, Inc., 1978.
Test Cases
Undamped Free Vibration – Single Degree of Freedom

Determine the natural frequency of the system shown.

Input File
mstvn002.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
● Length = 0.5 m
● a = 0.3 m
Physical Properties
● mass = 20 Kg
● k = 8 KN/m
● Create 5 rigid bar (RBAR) elements along the X axis. Each bar should be 0.1 m long.
● A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on the end grid point.
● A grid point-to-ground spring element (CELAS1) is applied 0.2 m from the lumped mass.
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain the first grid point to allow rotation only in the Z direction.
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results
Bench
Value
Frequency (Hz) 1.910 1.910 1.910 1.910
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications, p. 75.
Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.

Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration – Principle Modes
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom.
Input File
mstvn003.dat
Units
SI- meter

Element Types
● Translational springs (CELAS1)

● Lumped mass (CONM2)
Physical Properties
● Mass = 1 kg
● k = 1 N/m
● Create four grid points on the Y axis.

● Create three linear springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N/m and with a uniaxial
stiffness reference coordinate system.
● Create two lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass of 1 kg.
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain ends in all directions.

● Restrain other grid points in all directions but Y.
Solution Type
Normal Mode Dynamics – SOL 103, Lanczos method

Results
Bench
Value
Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 0.1592 0.1592 0.1592 0.1592
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 145-149. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom.

Input File
mstvn004.dat
Element Types
● Rotational springs (CELAS1)

Units
SI – meter
Physical Properties
● J = J1 = J2 = J3 = 0.1
● k = k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 N*m
● Create four grid points on the X axis.

● Create three linear torsional springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N*m and with a
stiffness reference coordinate system being uniaxial.
● Create three lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and
with mass inertia system of: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain one end in all directions.

● Restrain the other grid points in all directions but RX.
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method


Results
Bench
Value
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 153-155. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System

Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of
freedom are one translational and one rotational.

Input Files
mstvn005.dat
Units
SI - meter
Physical Properties
● Mass = 1800 kg
● Radius of gyration = 1.4 m
● Mass moment of inertia = (1800 kg) (1.4 m)2 = 3528 kg-m2
● K1 = 42000 N/m
● K2 = 48000 N/m
● Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1

● Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2
● Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1
● Create a three-noded rigid element (RBE2)
Boundary Conditions
● Nodal displacement restraints

o Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions.
o Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.
Solution Type

Results
Bench
Value
Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) 1.496 1.496 1.496 1.496

References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.
pp. 150-153.
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations

Determine the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam.
Input File
mstvn006.dat
Element Type
Linear beam (CBEAM)
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
● Length = 100 in.

● Height = 2 in.
● w = 1 lb/in.
● J = .10
● Poisson's ratio = .3
Calculated Data
● A = h2 = 4 in2
● I = h4/12 = 1.33333
● G = E/2 × 1/1 + nu = 11538461.54
● m = w/g = 2.59067375E–3

● Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.66666
● Create 11 grid points on X axis.

● Create 10 linear beams (CBEAM) between grid points.
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain one end grid point in all directions.
Solution Type

Results
Bench
Value
Frequency of Modes 1 & 2 (Transverse

6.953 6.953 6.953 6.953
Vibration)

43.58 43.58 43.58 43.56
Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 5 (Torsional Vibration) 64.68 64.68 64.68 64.68

122.0 122.0 122.0 122.0
Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 8 (Torsional Vibration) 193.9 195.7 195.7 195.7

238.8 239.3 239.3 239.3
Vibration)
References
Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, pp. 108,193. New
York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.

Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system consisting of a massless beam and a
lumped mass at the end.
Input File
mstvn007.dat
Element Types
● Linear beam (CBAR)

Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 30 in.
● Mass = 0.5 lbm

● E = 30E+6 psi
● Density = 1.0E–6
● I = 1.5 in.4
● Create 2 grid points on the X axis with coordinates (0,0,0) and (30,0,0).
● Create a linear beam (CBAR) element between grid points with shear area ratio = 0.
● Create a lumped mass (CONM2) on one grid point with mass of 0.5 lbm.
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain wall end in all directions.

● Restrain mass end in directions of Z, RX, and RY.
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method

Results
Bench
Value
Mode 2 Frequency (Hz) 15.92 15.92 15.92 15.92
References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, p. 72. Boston: Allyn and
Bacon, Inc., 1978.

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS
Benchmarks
Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard

NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of Simcenter
Nastran using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite
elements in commercial software. All results obtained using Simcenter Nastran compare
favorably with other commercial finite element analysis software. Results of these test cases
using other commercial finite element analysis software programs are available from NAFEMS.

o Units
o Solution type
● Results
● Reference
Reference
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles,
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.
Beam Element Test Cases

Pin-ended Cross – In-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended cross (shown below) using beam
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks
for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 1.

Attributes of this test are:
● Coupling between flexural and extensional behavior
● Repeated and close eigenvalues
Input Files
nf001ac.dat (linear consistent)
nf001al.dat (linear lumped)
Units
SI
● Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:
● Y=0
● Z=0
Material Properties
● E = 200.0E+9 N/m2
● G = 80.1E+9 N/m2
● ρ=8000 kg/m3
● Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm

Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D
● Z = Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type

Simcenter Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:

● Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)
● Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

NAFEMS Simcenter Nastran Simcenter Nastran
Reference
Mode Target Value Result (lumped mass) Result (coupled mass)
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72

Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
5 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
6, 7 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
8 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
SOL 401 Results

Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
5 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
6, 7 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
8 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter
NAFEMS Simcenter Nastran
Reference Nastran Result
Mode Target Value Result (coupled
Value (Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 N/A 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 N/A 17.71
4 17.71 17.72 N/A 17.74
5 45.35 45.48 N/A 45.83

Simcenter
Reference Nastran Result
Mode Target Value Result (coupled
Value (Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
6, 7 57.39 57.36 N/A 58.08
8 57.39 57.68 N/A 58.42
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 1. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended double cross (shown below) using
beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 2.


Input Files
Units
SI
Key-in section:
● Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:
● Y=0
● Z=0
Material Properties
● E = 200.0E+9 N/m2
● G = 80.1E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
● Z = Rx= Ry = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type


● Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)
● Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference NAFEMS Target Nastran Result Nastran Result
Mode
Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4, 5, 6, 7,8 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
9 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
10, 11 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
12, 13, 14, 15,

57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
16
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4, 5, 6, 7,8 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
9 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
10, 11 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
12, 13, 14, 15,

57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
16
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 N/A 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 N/A 17.71
4, 5, 6, 7,8 17.71 17.72 N/A 17.74

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
9 45.35 45.48 N/A 45.83
10, 11 57.39 57.36 N/A 58.08
12, 13, 14, 15,

57.39 57.68 N/A 58.42
16
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 2. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free square frame (shown below) using beam

● Rigid body modes (3 modes)

Input Files
Units
SI
Shear ratio:
● Y = 1.0
● Z = 1.0
Material Properties
● E = 200.0E+9 N/m2
● G = 80.1E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
Boundary Conditions
● Rotations fixed, translations free
Solution Type


● Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)
● Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
Reference NAFEMS Target Nastran Result
Mode Result (coupled
Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass)
mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 3.261 3.262 3.259 3.259
5 5.668 5.665 5.660 5.663
6, 7 11.14 11.15 10.89 11.13
8 12.85 12.83 12.74 12.80
9 24.57 24.66 23.53 24.64
10, 11 28.70 28.81 28.13 28.73
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 3.261 3.262 3.259 3.259
5 5.668 5.665 5.660 5.663
6, 7 11.14 11.15 10.89 11.13
8 12.85 12.83 12.74 12.80

Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
9 24.57 24.66 23.53 24.64
10, 11 28.70 28.81 28.13 28.73
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 3.261 3.262 N/A 3.260
5 5.668 5.665 N/A 5.665
6, 7 11.14 11.15 N/A 11.15
8 12.85 12.83 N/A 12.83
9 24.57 24.66 N/A 24.84
10, 11 28.70 28.81 N/A 29.06
References
Nov., 1987.
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilever with off-center point masses (shown
below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 4.

● Coupling between torsional and flexural behavior
● Inertial axis non-coincident with flexibility axis
● Discrete lumped mass, rigid links
● Close eigenvalues
Input Files
nf004a.dat
Units
SI
Shear ratio:
● Y = 1.128
● Z = 1.128
Material Properties
● E = 200.0E+9 N/m 2
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● Five linear beam (CBAR) elements along cantilever
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 at A

Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos (Parameter COUPMASS = –1)

Results
Reference NAFEMS Target SOL 103 SOL 401
Mode
Value (Hz) Value (Hz) Result (Hz) Result (Hz)
1 1.723 1.723 1.714 1.714
2 1.727 1.727 1.718 1.718
3 7.413 7.413 7.415 7.389
4 9.972 9.972 9.953 9.953
5 18.16 18.16 17.66 17.65
6 26.96 26.97 26.77 26.77
References
Nov., 1987.
Deep Simply-Supported Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep simply supported beam (shown below).
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 5.

● Shear deformation and rotary inertial (Timoshenko beam)
● Possibility of missing extensional modes when using iteration solution methods
● Repeated eigenvalues
Input Files
nf005ac.dat (linear consistent, param coupmass = 1)
nf005al.dat (linear lumped, param coupmass = –1)
Units
SI
Shear ratio:
● Y = 1.176923
● Z = 1.176923
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
● Five linear beam elements (CBEAM)
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Z = Rx =0 at A
● Y = Z = 0 at B

Solution Type


● Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)
● Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
1, 2 (flexural) 42.65 42.57 43.15 43.26
3 (torsional) 77.54 77.84 77.20 77.84
4 (extensional) 125.0 125.5 124.5 125.5
5, 6 (flexural) 148.3 145.5 149.8 154.9
7 (torsional) 233.1 241.2 224.1 241.2
8, 9 (flexural) 284.6 267.0 271.0 306.7
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
1, 2 (flexural) 42.65 42.57 43.15 43.26
3 (torsional) 77.54 77.84 77.20 77.84
4 (extensional) 125.0 125.5 124.5 125.5
5, 6 (flexural) 148.3 145.5 149.8 154.9
7 (torsional) 233.1 241.2 224.1 241.2
8, 9 (flexural) 284.6 267.0 271.0 306.7
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
1, 2 (flexural) 42.65 42.57 N/A 42.75
3 (torsional) 77.54 77.84 N/A 77.84
4 (extensional) 125.0 125.5 N/A 125.5
5, 6 (flexural) 148.3 145.5 N/A 152.2
7 (torsional) 233.1 241.2 N/A 241.2
8, 9 (flexural) 284.6 267.0 N/A 309.3
References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles,
Nov., 1987.

Circular Ring – In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a circular ring (shown below) using beam

● Rigid body modes (six modes)
Input Files
nf006ac.dat (param coupmass = 1)
nf006al.dat (param coupmass = –1)
Units
SI
Shear ratio:
● Y = 1.128205
● Z = 1.128205
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3

● 20 linear beam (CBAR) elements
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz active
● Model is unsupported.
Solution Type

Simcenter Nastran results were obtained two different ways:

● Using coupled mass (param coupmass = –1)
● Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 (out of
51.85 52.29 51.62 52.38
plane)
9, 10 (in plane) 53.38 53.97 54.05 53.80
11, 12 (out of
148.8 149.7 146.9 149.7
plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 152.4 152.2 151.5
15, 16 (out of
287.0 288.3 280.4 287.3
plane)
17, 18 (in plane) 289.5 288.3 289.2 289.1
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 (out of
51.85 52.29 51.52 52.27
plane)
9, 10 (in plane) 53.38 53.97 54.05 53.80
11, 12 (out of
148.8 149.7 146.5 149.3
plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 152.4 152.2 151.5
15, 16 (out of
287.0 288.3 279.5 286.5
plane)
17, 18 (in plane) 289.5 288.3 289.2 289.1
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 (out of
51.85 52.29 N/A 52.37
plane)
9, 10 (in plane) 53.38 53.97 N/A 53.10
11, 12 (out of
148.8 149.7 N/A 149.3
plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 152.4 N/A 149.7
15, 16 (out of
287.0 288.3 N/A 285.0
plane)
17, 18 (in plane) 289.5 288.3 N/A 287.6

References
Nov., 1987.
Cantilevered Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered beam (shown below). This
document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 71.

● Ill-conditioned stiffness matrix
Input Files
nf071a.dat (Test 1)
nf071b.dat (Test 2)
nf071c.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
Three tests – all use linear beam (CBAR) elements

● Test 1: a = b
● Test 2: a = 10b
● Test3: a = 100b

Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Rz = 0 at A
● Z = 0 at all grid points
● Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type

Beams always use a coupled mass formulation (param coupmass = 1).
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Nastran
Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh
Result (Hz)
a=b 1.010
1 1.010 a = 10b 1.010
a = 100b 1.010
a=b 6.324
2 6.327 a = 10b 6.327
a = 100b 6.330
a=b 17.70
3 17.72 a = 10b 17.80
a = 100b 17.83

Simcenter Nastran
Result (Hz)
a=b 34.70
4 34.72 a = 10b 34.86
a = 100b 35.07
a=b 57.48
5 57.39 a = 10b 60.64
a = 100b 64.82
a=b 86.24
6 85.73 a = 10b 101.86
a = 100b 104.74
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Nastran
Result (Hz)
a=b 1.010
1 1.010 a = 10b 1.010
a = 100b 1.010
a=b 6.324
2 6.327 a = 10b 6.327
a = 100b 6.330
a=b 17.70
3 17.72 a = 10b 17.80
a = 100b 17.83
a=b 34.70
4 34.72 a = 10b 34.86
a = 100b 35.07
5 57.39 a=b 57.48

Simcenter Nastran
Result (Hz)
a = 10b 60.64
a = 100b 64.82
a=b 86.24
6 85.73 a = 10b 101.86
a = 100b 104.74
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Nastran
Result (Hz)
a=b 1.010
1 1.010 a = 10b 1.010
a = 100b 1.010
a=b 6.323
2 6.327 a = 10b 6.338
a = 100b 6.345
a=b 17.72
3 17.72 a = 10b 17.98
a = 100b 18.15
a=b 34.84
4 34.72 a = 10b 37.08
a = 100b 38.30
a=b 58.15
5 57.39 a = 10b 65.17
a = 100b 67.70
a=b 88.52
6 85.73
a = 10b 105.89

Simcenter Nastran
Result (Hz)
a = 100b 125.25
References
Nov., 1987.
Shell Element Test Cases

Thin Square Cantilevered Plate – Symmetric Modes
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with
Simcenter Nastran shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for
NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11a.

● Symmetric modes, symmetric boundary conditions along the cutting plane
Input Files
nf011al.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf011ac.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf011hal.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf011hac.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
● 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements – thickness = 0.05m
● 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements – thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

● Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis
● Rx = 0 along Y = 5m
Solution Type


Results were obtained in two different ways:
● Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)
● Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)
SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference Nastran Result Nastran Result
Mode Mesh
Value (Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 0.4151 0.4180

1 0.4210
Parabolic 0.4155 0.4184
Linear 2.490 2.604

2 2.582
Parabolic 2.478 2.567
Linear 3.115 3.314

3 3.306
Linear 6.044 6.638

4 6.555
Linear 7.094 7.808

5 7.381
Linear 10.57 12.34

6 11.40
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 0.4165 0.4191

1 0.4210
Parabolic 0.4138 0.4181
2 2.582 Linear 2.537 2.657

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 3.155 3.357

3 3.306
Linear 6.166 6.779

4 6.555
Linear 7.474 8.253

5 7.381
Linear 10.90 12.75

6 11.40
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear N/A 0.4191

1 0.4210
Parabolic N/A 0.4181
Linear N/A 2.657

2 2.582
Parabolic N/A 2.576
Linear N/A 3.357

3 3.306
Parabolic N/A 3.287
Linear N/A 6.778

4 6.555
Parabolic N/A 6.625
Linear N/A 8.253

5 7.381
Parabolic N/A 7.585

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear N/A 12.75

6 11.40
Parabolic N/A 12.23
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 11a. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate – Anti-symmetric Modes

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with
shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11b.

● Anti-symmetric modes

Input Files
nf011bl.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf011bc.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf011hbl.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf011hbc.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
Mesh only half the plate (10m × 5m).
Boundary Conditions

● Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis
● Rx = 0 along Y = 5m

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS Nastran Nastran
Reference
Mode Mesh Target Value Result Result
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 1.019 1.000 1.020

1 1.029
Parabolic 1.018 1.005 1.022
Linear 3.839 3.570 3.767

2 3.753
Parabolic 3.710 3.597 3.725
Linear 8.313 7.091 8.113

3 7.730
Parabolic 7.768 7.026 7.786

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 9.424 8.047 9.025

4 8.561
Parabolic 8.483 8.133 8.690
Linear 11.73 9.940 11.69

5 not available
Parabolic 11.19 10.15 11.19
Linear 17.82 14.22 17.44

6 not available
Parabolic 15.76 14.21 16.78
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 1.019 1.010 1.029

1 1.029
Parabolic 1.018 0.999 1.024
Linear 3.839 3.643 3.847

2 3.753
Parabolic 3.710 3.542 3.739
Linear 8.313 7.229 8.369

3 7.730
Parabolic 7.768 6.818 7.869
Linear 9.424 8.394 9.443

4 8.561
Parabolic 8.483 7.911 8.777
Linear 11.73 10.23 12.05

5 not available
Parabolic 11.19 9.776 11.29
Linear 17.82 14.77 18.46

6 not available
Parabolic 15.76 13.63 16.93

SOL 402 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 1.019 N/A 1.030

1 1.029
Parabolic 1.018 N/A 1.024
Linear 3.839 N/A 3.847

2 3.753
Linear 8.313 N/A 8.369

3 7.730
Linear 9.424 N/A 9.443

4 8.561
Linear 11.73 N/A 12.05

5 not available
N/A
Linear 17.82 18.46
6 not available N/A
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 11b. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Free Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell

● Rigid body modes (three modes)
Input Files
nf012ll.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf012lc.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf012hl.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf012hc.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:

Boundary Conditions
Solution Type

Results were obtained in two different ways:

SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 1.632 1.578 1.624

4 1.622
Parabolic 1.532 1.584 1.619
Linear 2.402 2.241 2.389

5 2.360
Parabolic 2.356 2.233 2.363
Linear 3.006 2.804 2.979

6 2.922
Parabolic 2.861 2.808 2.929

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 4.251 3.931 4.237

7, 8 4.233
Parabolic 4.122 3.944 4.158
Linear 7.859 6.822 7.790

9 7.416
Parabolic 7.363 6.813 7.477
Linear 8.027 6.822 7.790

10 Not available
Parabolic 7.392 6.813 7.477
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 1.632 1.587 1.633

4 1.622
Parabolic 1.532 1.568 1.623
Linear 2.402 2.254 2.396

5 2.360
Parabolic 2.356 2.184 2.366
Linear 3.006 2.830 2.997

6 2.922
Parabolic 2.861 2.750 2.935
Linear 4.251 3.975 4.286

7, 8 4.233
Parabolic 4.122 3.848 4.172
Linear 7.859 7.026 7.797

9 7.416
Parabolic 7.363 6.598 7.548
Linear 8.027 7.026 8.033

10 Not available
Parabolic 7.392 6.598 7.548

SOL 402 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 1.632 N/A 1.633

4 1.622
Linear 2.402 N/A 2.403

5 2.360
Linear 3.006 N/A 3.007

6 2.922
Linear 4.251 N/A 4.286

7, 8 4.233
Linear 7.859 N/A 7.975

9 7.416
Linear 8.027 N/A 8.033

10 Not available
References
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate


● Well established
Input Files
nf013ll.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf013lc.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf013hl.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf013hc.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:

Boundary Conditions

● Z = Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10m
● Z = Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10m
Solution Type


SOL 103 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 2.332 2.392

1 2.377
Linear 5.797 6.181

2, 3 5.942

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 8.963 9.933

4 9.507
Linear 11.67 13.27

5, 6 11.88
Linear 14.45 17.07

7, 8 15.45
SOL 401Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 2.357 2.418

1 2.377
Linear 5.939 6.332

2, 3 5.942
Linear 9.198 10.19

4 9.507
Linear 12.31 13.99

5, 6 11.88
Linear 15.03 17.75

7, 8 15.45
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear N/A 2.418

1 2.377
Parabolic N/A 2.387
Linear N/A 6.332

2, 3 5.942
Parabolic N/A 6.050
Linear N/A 10.19

4 9.507
Parabolic N/A 9.893
Linear N/A 13.99

5, 6 11.88
Parabolic N/A 12.62
Linear N/A 17.75

7, 8 15.45
Parabolic N/A 16.84
References
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin annular plate meshed with shell

● Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)
Input Files
nf014ll.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf014lc.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf014hl.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf014hc.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
● 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements – thickness = 0.06 m
● 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements – thickness = 0.06 m

Boundary Conditions

● Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference
Solution Type

SOL 414,103 – Rotor Dynamics Eigenvalues
SOL 414,103 – Rotor Dynamics Superelement Reduction and Eigenvalues

For the Superelement Reduction, 20 modes are computed, and four nodes are retained:
- Linear case:
X [mm] Y [mm] Z [mm]
Node 1 3.0547 3.0547 0.0
Node 2 -3.0547 3.0547 0.0
Node 3 -3.0547 -3.0547 0.0
Node 4 3.0547 -3.0547 0.0

- Parabolic case:
X [mm] Y [mm] Z [mm]
Node 1 3.9 0.0 0.0
Node 2 0.0 3.9 0.0
Node 3 -3.9 0.0 0.0
Node 4 0.0 -3.9 0.0
SOL 103 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 1.867 1.872

1 1.870
Linear 5.174 5.259

2, 3 5.137
Linear 9.659 9.964

4, 5 9.673
Linear 13.96 15.26

6 14.85
Linear 15.27 16.13

7, 8 15.57
Linear 17.41 19.00

9 18.38
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 1.859 1.877

1 1.870
Linear 5.293 5.368

2, 3 5.137
Linear 10.03 10.33

4, 5 9.673
Linear 14.37 15.62

6 14.85
Linear 16.10 16.98

7, 8 15.57
Linear 18.07 19.62

9 18.38
SOL 402 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear N/A 1.878

1 1.870
Parabolic N/A 1.873
Linear N/A 5.368

2, 3 5.137
Parabolic N/A 5.119
Linear N/A 10.34

4, 5 9.673
Parabolic N/A 9.725

Simcenter Simcenter
Mode Mesh
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear N/A 15.62

6 14.85
Parabolic N/A 14.93
Linear N/A 16.98

7, 8 15.57
Parabolic N/A 15.74
Linear N/A 19.62

9 18.38
Parabolic N/A 18.33
SOL 414,103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Nastran Result Nastran Result
Reference without with
Mode Mesh
Value (Hz) Superelement Superelement
(coupled mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
Linear 1.877 1.878

1 1.870
Linear 5.368 5.369

2, 3 5.137
Linear 10.34 10.34

4, 5 9.673
Parabolic 9.725 9.727, 9.738
Linear 15.62 15.64

6 14.85
Linear 16.98 17.00

7, 8 15.57
Linear 19.62 19.64

9 18.38

References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,, Test No. 13. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate

● Distorted elements
Input Files
nf015ll.dat linear (lumped)
nf015hl.dat parabolic (lumped)
nf015hc.dat parabolic (consistent)
nf015lc.dat linear (consistent)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3

Two tests:
Boundary Conditions

● Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 8.142 7.745 7.880

1 7.938
Parabolic 7.873 8.015 8.035
Linear 13.89 12.66 13.21

2 12.84
Parabolic 12.48 13.02 13.15
Linear 20.04 17.59 18.83

3 17.94
Parabolic 17.31 18.41 18.85
Linear 20.17 18.28 18.95

4 19.13
Parabolic 18.74 19.33 19.51
Linear 27.70 23.41 25.88

5 24.01
Parabolic 27.95 24.62 25.89
Linear 32.05 27.11 29.17

6 27.92
Parabolic 25.88 28.24 29.11
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 8.142 8.000 8.143

1 7.938
Parabolic 7.873 8.015 8.035
Linear 13.89 13.30 13.89

2 12.84
Parabolic 12.48 13.02 13.15
Linear 20.04 18.68 2.004

3 17.94
Parabolic 17.31 18.41 18.85

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 20.17 19.44 20.17

4 19.13
Parabolic 18.74 19.33 19.51
Linear 27.70 25.21 27.96

5 24.01
Parabolic 27.95 24.62 25.89
Linear 32.05 29.73 32.06

6 27.92
Parabolic 25.88 28.24 29.11
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 8.142 N/A 8.143

1 7.938
Linear 13.89 N/A 13.89

2 12.84
Linear 20.04 N/A 20.04

3 17.94
Linear 20.17 N/A 20.17

4 19.13
Linear 27.70 N/A 27.96

5 24.01
Linear 32.05 N/A 32.06

6 27.92

References
Nov., 1987.
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh


● Distorted meshes
Input Files
nf016a1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
nf016a2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
nf016b1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
nf016b2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
nf016c1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
nf016c2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
nf016d1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)
nf016d2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2

● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
All tests – parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements – thickness = 0.05m

Four tests:
● Test 1 – 16 elements
● Test 2 – 16 elements with specified grid points at the following XY coordinates:
Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000
2 2.250 2.250
3 4.750 2.500
4 7.250 2.750
5 7.500 7.250
6 5.250 7.250
7 5.250 7.250
8 2.250 7.250
9 2.500 4.750

● Test 3 – 4 elements
● Test 4 – 4 elements with a specified grid point at the following XY coordinate:
Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along Y-axis

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Mode Test Target Value Result Result
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 0.4174 0.4114 0.4181

2 0.4174 0.4148 0.4195
1 0.4210
3 0.4144 0.4024 0.4195
4 0.4145 0.4004 0.4200
1 1.020 0.9979 1.024

2 1.029
2 1.020 0.9998 1.028

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
3 0.9990 0.9387 1.031

4 1.002 0.9223 1.030
1 2.564 2.448 2.575

2 2.571 2.465 2.594
3 2.582
3 2.554 2.117 2.699
4 2.565 2.107 2.701
1 3.302 3.078 3.285

2 3.317 3.079 3.301
4 3.306
3 3.401 2.678 3.413
4 3.424 2.738 3.491
1 3.769 3.536 3.734

2 3.780 3.630 3.848
5 3.753
3 3.697 3.174 3.969
4 3.714 3.279 4.173
1 6.805 6.039 6.610

2 6.883 6.088 6.691
6 6.555
3 5.455 5.133 6.790
4 5.133 5.257 7.011
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 0.4174 0.4140 0.4181

2 0.4174 0.4148 0.4195
1 0.4210
3 0.4144 0.4024 0.4195
4 0.4145 0.4004 0.4200
1 1.020 0.9979 1.024

2 1.020 0.9998 1.028
2 1.029
3 0.9990 0.9387 1.031
4 1.002 0.9223 1.030
1 2.564 2.448 2.576

2 2.571 2.465 2.594
3 2.582
3 2.554 2.117 2.699
4 2.565 2.107 2.701
1 3.302 3.078 3.285

2 3.317 3.079 3.301
4 3.306
3 3.401 2.678 3.413
4 3.424 2.738 3.491
1 3.769 3.536 3.734

2 3.780 3.630 3.848
5 3.753
3 3.697 3.174 3.969
4 3.714 3.279 4.171
1 6.805 6.039 6.610

2 6.883 6.088 6.691
6 6.555
3 5.455 5.133 6.790
4 5.133 5.257 7.011
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 0.4174 N/A 0.4181

2 0.4174 N/A 0.4195
1 0.4210
3 0.4144 N/A 0.4195
4 0.4145 N/A 0.4200
1 1.020 N/A 1.024

2 1.020 N/A 1.028
2 1.029
3 0.9990 N/A 1.031
4 1.002 N/A 1.030
1 2.564 N/A 2.575

2 2.571 N/A 2.594
3 2.582
3 2.554 N/A 2.699
4 2.565 N/A 2.701
1 3.302 N/A 3.285

2 3.317 N/A 3.301
4 3.306
3 3.401 N/A 3.413
4 3.424 N/A 3.491
1 3.769 N/A 3.734

2 3.780 N/A 3.848
5 3.753
3 3.697 N/A 3.969
4 3.714 N/A 4.172
1 6.805 N/A 6.610

2 6.883 N/A 6.691
6 6.555
3 5.455 N/A 6.790
4 5.133 N/A 7.011

References
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A

for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21a.

● Effect of secondary restraints
Input Files
nf021al.dat: linear (lumped mass)
nf021hal.dat: parabolic (lumped mass)
nf021ac.dat: linear (consistent mass)
nf021hac.dat: parabolic (consistent mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3

Two tests:
Boundary Conditions
● Z = 0 along all four edges

● Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10 m
● Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10 m
Solution Type



SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
Linear 46.66 45.22 46.40

1 45.90
Parabolic 45.94 46.16 46.28
Linear 115.8 107.3 114.5

2, 3 109.4
Parabolic 110.4 110.4 112.2
Linear 177.5 157.6 174.7

4 167.9
Parabolic 170.4 167.1 173.9
Linear 233.4 200.1 227.5

5, 6 204.5
Parabolic 212.8 206.1 218.4
Linear 283.6 234.8 277.4

7, 8 256.5
Parabolic 270.0 249.2 275.5
Linear 371.1 290.2 365.4

9 336.6
Parabolic 344.8 309.4 354.7
Linear 371.1 309.6 384.1

10 336.6
Parabolic 344.8 378.0 354.7
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 46.66 45.83 47.03

1 45.90
Parabolic 45.94 46.16 46.28
Linear 115.8 110.6 117.9

2, 3 109.4
Parabolic 110.4 110.4 112.2
Linear 177.5 164.8 182.6

4 167.9
Parabolic 170.4 167.1 173.9
Linear 233.4 211.8 240.7

5, 6 204.5
Parabolic 212.8 206.1 218.4
Linear 283.6 250.5 295.9

7, 8 256.5
Parabolic 270.0 249.2 275.5
Linear 371.1 313.1 394.2

9 336.6
Parabolic 344.8 309.4 354.7
Linear 371.1 338.4 419.7

10 336.6
Parabolic 344.8 378.0 354.7
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 46.66 N/A 47.03

1 45.90
Linear 115.8 N/A 117.9

2, 3 109.4

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 177.5 N/A 182.6

4 167.9
Linear 233.4 N/A 240.7

5, 6 204.5
Linear 283.6 N/A 295.9

7, 8 256.5
Linear 371.1 N/A 394.2

9 336.6
Linear 371.1 N/A 419.6

10 336.6
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21a. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B

for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21b.

● Effect of secondary restraints
Input Files
nf021b_c.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements – coupled mass)
nf021b_l.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements – lumped mass)
nf021hb_c.dat (parabolic thin shell elements – coupled mass)
nf021hb_l.dat (parabolic thin shell elements – lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
● 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell elements – thickness = 1.0 m
● 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements – thickness = 1.0 m

Boundary Conditions
● Z = 0 along all four edges; X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points
Solution Type



SOL 103 Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.75 43.93 45.08

1 45.90
Parabolic 44.13 44.34 44.43
Linear 112.9 105.8 112.8

2, 3 109.4
Parabolic 107.9 107.7 109.1
Linear 170.3 154.7 171.5

4 167.9
Parabolic 164.2 160.6 167.4
Linear 230.2 199.2 226.4

5, 6 204.5
Parabolic 210.1 202.6 211.6
Linear 274.2 232.5 274.6

7, 8 256.5
Parabolic 260.3 238.4 265.7
Linear 356.0 287.8 362.4

9 336.6
Parabolic 342.8 289.3 324.8
Linear 356.0 309.2 383.6

10 336.6
Parabolic 342.8 318.6 324.8
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.75 44.66 45.82

1 45.90
Parabolic 44.13 44.37 44.47
2, 3 109.4 Linear \ 112.9 109.1 116.3

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Parabolic 107.9 107.9 109.6
Linear 170.3 161.4 178.9

4 167.9
Parabolic 164.2 161.6 167.8
Linear 230.2 210.5 239.3

5, 6 204.5
Parabolic 210.1 204.0 215.8
Linear 274.2 247.1 291.9

7, 8 256.5
Parabolic 260.3 243.1 267.8
Linear 356.0 308.8 388.8

9 336.6
Parabolic 342.8 300.2 352.9
Linear 356.0 337.5 418.7

10 336.6
Parabolic 342.8 372.6 352.9
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.75 N/A 45.82

1 45.90
Linear \ 112.9 N/A 116.3

2, 3 109.4
Linear 170.3 N/A 178.9

4 167.9

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 230.2 N/A 239.2

5, 6 204.5
Linear 274.2 N/A 291.9

7, 8 256.5
Linear 356.0 N/A 388.8

9 336.6
Linear 356.0 N/A 418.7

10 336.6
References
N. C. Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21b. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate


● Distorted elements
Input Files
nf022l_l.dat
nf022l_c.dat
nf022h_l.dat
nf022h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
● 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 1.0 m
● 36 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 1.0 m
Boundary Conditions

● Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 137.8 131.2 134.3

1 134.0
Parabolic 133.9 134.9 135.2
Linear 218.5 200.4 211.9

2 201.4
Parabolic 203.3 204.4 206.3
Linear 295.4 262.0 286.6

3 265.8
Parabolic 271.4 270.3 276.4
Linear 296.8 273.6 287.0

4 282.7
Parabolic 283.7 286.9 289.1
Linear 383.6 327.0 373.2

5 334.5
Parabolic 346.4 337.5 353.8
Not Linear 426.6 372.2 410.6

6
available Parabolic 386.6 384.7 394.0
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 137.8 136.5 139.6

1 134.0
Parabolic 133.9 134.6 135.1
Linear 218.5 211.1 223.2

2 201.4
Parabolic 203.3 204.5 206.6
Linear 295.4 279.4 304.7

3 265.8
Parabolic 271.4 270.3 276.7
Linear 296.8 290.4 305.7

4 282.7
Parabolic 283.7 285.4 289.0
Linear 383.6 352.6 402.3

5 334.5
Parabolic 346.4 338.3 354.0
Not Linear 426.6 399.9 440.9

6
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 137.8 N/A 139.6

1 134.0
Linear 218.5 N/A 223.2

2 201.4
Linear 295.4 N/A 304.7

3 265.8

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 296.8 N/A 305.7

4 282.7
Linear 383.6 N/A 402.3

5 334.5
Not Linear 426.6 N/A 440.9

6
available Parabolic 386.6 N/A 396.6
References
N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 22. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported thick annular plate meshed
with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected

Input Files
nf023l_l.dat
nf023l_c.dat
nf023h_l.dat
nf023h_c.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
Boundary Conditions

● Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 18.82 18.40 18.64

1 18.58
Parabolic 18.59 18.53 18.65
Linear 49.82 50.00 50.81

2, 3 48.92
Parabolic 49.02 49.22 49.41
4, 5 92.59 Linear 96.06 93.09 96.00

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
Parabolic 92.90 93.41 93.73
Linear 148.3 134.6 147.0

6 140.2
Parabolic 140.9 140.2 143.1
Not Linear 153.7 144.0 152.1

7, 8
Linear 174.5 162.2 177.1

9 166.4
Parabolic 167.3 166.9 170.4
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 18.82 18.52 18.70

1 18.58
Parabolic 18.59 18.33 18.66
Linear 49.82 50.29 51.00

2, 3 48.92
Parabolic 49.02 48.79 49.26
Linear 96.06 94.45 97.30

4, 5 92.59
Parabolic 92.90 93.25 93.69
Linear 148.3 138.4 150.3

6 140.2
Parabolic 140.9 134.5 143.7
Not Linear 153.7 147.7 155.9

7, 8

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 174.5 166.7 180.9

9 166.4
Parabolic 167.3 159.7 170.7
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
Linear 18.82 N/A 18.70

1 18.58
Linear 49.82 N/A 51.00

2, 3 48.92
Linear 96.06 N/A 97.30

4, 5 92.59
Linear 148.3 N/A 150.3

6 140.2
Not Linear 153.7 N/A 155.9

7, 8
available Parabolic 146.6 N/A 148.5
Linear 174.5 N/A 180.9

9 166.4
References
Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Square Membrane
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered square membrane meshed with

Input Files
nf031l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf031a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)
nf031h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)
nf031j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
● 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 0.05 m
● 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 0.05 m

Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = 0 along the Y axis

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 52.91 52.48 52.78

1 52.40
Parabolic 52.64 52.30 52.60
Linear 126.1 125.6 126.1

2 125.7
Parabolic 125.9 125.7 125.8
Linear 143.2 139.6 142.9

3 140.8
Parabolic 141.5 139.5 141.4
Linear 228.9 215.1 227.5

4 222.5
Parabolic 224.6 214.4 224.3
Linear 247.9 240.0 247.4

5 241.4
Parabolic 243.3 242.3 242.9
Linear 260.6 252.4 259.8

6 255.7
Parabolic 256.8 254.6 256.6
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 52.91 52.60 52.91

1 52.40
Parabolic 52.64 52.14 52.60
Linear 126.1 125.6 126.1

2 125.7
Parabolic 125.9 125.5 125.8
Linear 143.2 139.9 143.2

3 140.8
Parabolic 141.5 138.4 141.3

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 228.9 216.6 228.8

4 222.5
Parabolic 224.6 209.2 224.3
Linear 247.9 240.6 247.9

5 241.4
Parabolic 243.3 241.2 242.8
Linear 260.6 253.2 260.6

6 255.7
Parabolic 256.8 253.2 256.5
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 52.91 N/A 52.91

1 52.40
Linear 126.1 N/A 126.1

2 125.7
Linear 143.2 N/A 143.2

3 140.8
Linear 228.9 N/A 228.8

4 222.5
Linear 247.9 N/A 247.9

5 241.4
Linear 260.6 N/A 260.6

6 255.7

References
Nov., 1987.
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered tapered membrane meshed with
● Shear behavior
● Irregular mesh
● Symmetry
Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3

Two tests:
● 128 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUADR) elements – thickness = 0.1 m
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = 0 along the Y axis

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.91 44.66 44.78

1 44.62
Parabolic 44.64 44.54 44.63
Linear 132.1 130.3 131.8

2 130.0
Parabolic 130.1 129.7 130.1
Linear 162.8 162.6 162.8

3 162.7
Parabolic 162.7 162.7 162.7
Linear 253.0 246.1 252.3

4 246.1
Parabolic 246.6 245.1 246.4
Linear 393.3 377.9 393.2

5 379.9
Parabolic 382.0 377.9 381.4
Linear 396.3 389.7 395.0

6 391.4
Parabolic 391.6 390.9 391.5
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.91 44.82 44.91

1 44.62
Parabolic 44.64 44.33 44.63
Linear 132.1 130.8 132.1

2 130.0
Parabolic 130.1 128.4 130.1
Linear 162.8 162.6 162.8

3 162.7
Parabolic 162.7 162.5 162.7

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 253.0 247.0 253.0

4 246.1
Parabolic 246.6 241.2 246.4
Linear 393.3 379.5 393.3

5 379.9
Parabolic 382.0 369.4 381.3
Linear 396.3 390.0 396.3

6 391.4
Parabolic 391.6 389.5 391.5
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 44.91 N/A 44.91

1 44.62
Linear 132.1 N/A 132.1

2 130.0
Linear 162.8 N/A 162.8

3 162.7
Linear 253.0 N/A 253.0

4 246.1
Linear 393.3 N/A 393.3

5 379.9
Linear 396.3 N/A 396.3

6 391.4

References
Nov., 1987.
Free Annular Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free annular membrane meshed with shell

Input Files
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Two tests:
Boundary Conditions

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 129.5 127.8 128.8

4, 5 129.2
Parabolic 126.5 125.7 125.8
Linear 225.5 224.5 225.3

6 226.2
Parabolic 224.3 224.0 224.2
Linear 234.9 229.9 234.9

7, 8 234.7
Parabolic 233.0 230.8 232.9
Linear 272.1 264.3 271.2

9, 10 264.7
Parabolic 264.8 262.6 263.6
Linear 340.3 329.0 339.9

11, 12 336.6
Parabolic 335.7 331.5 335.6
Linear 392.0 369.9 390.5

13, 14 376.8
Parabolic 378.6 373.3 377.4
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 129.5 128.5 129.5

4, 5 129.2
Parabolic 126.5 125.4 125.9
Linear 225.5 224.8 225.5

6 226.2
Parabolic 224.3 223.1 224.2
Linear 234.9 229.7 234.9

7, 8 234.7
Parabolic 233.0 230.7 233.0
Linear 272.1 265.2 271.2

9, 10 264.7
Parabolic 264.8 261.1 263.5
Linear 340.3 328.8 340.3

11, 12 336.6
Parabolic 335.7 331.4 335.6
Linear 392.0 371.1 392.0

13, 14 376.8
Parabolic 378.6 369.9 377.1
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 129.5 N/A 129.5

4, 5 129.2
Linear 225.5 N/A 225.5

6 226.2
Linear 234.9 N/A 234.9

7, 8 234.7

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Linear 272.1 N/A 272.1

9, 10 264.7
Linear 340.3 N/A 340.3

11, 12 336.6
Linear 392.0 N/A 392.0

13, 14 376.8
References
Nov., 1987.
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate meshed with shell

● Effect of master degree of freedom selection on frequencies

Input Files
nf073a.dat (Test 1)
nf073b.dat (Test 2)
nf073c.dat (Test 3)
nf073d.dat (Test 4)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements – thickness = 0.05 m
Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along the Y axis

Solution Type

SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Test 1 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183

Test 2 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183
1 0.4210
Test 3 0.4175 0.4154 0.4184
Test 4 0.4184 0.4161 0.4192
Test 1 1.020 1.005 1.023

Test 2 1.020 1.006 1.023
2 1.029
Test 3 1.021 1.007 1.024
Test 4 1.032 1.015 1.034
Test 1 2.564 2.485 2.579

Test 2 2.597 2.509 2.605
3 2.582
Test 3 2.677 2.563 2.672
Test 4 2.850 2.711 2.836
Test 1 3.302 3.150 3.298

Test 2 3.345 3.180 3.332
4 3.306
Test 3 3.365 3.196 3.344
Test 4 3.571 3.373 3.535
5 3.753 Test 1 3.769 3.622 3.765

Simcenter Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
Test 2 3.888 3.713 3.862

Test 3 4.035 3.828 4.000
Test 4 5.466 4.935 5.360
Test 1 6.805 6.292 6.719

Test 2 7.517 6.901 7.399
6 376.8
Test 3 7.495 6.879 7.387
Test 4 ------ ------ ------
References
Nov., 1987.
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases

Free Cylinder – Axisymmetric Vibration
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free cylinder meshed with axisymmetric

● Rigid body modes (one mode)
● Coupling between axial, radial, and circumferential behavior
● Close eigenvalues

Input Files
nf041l.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX4)
nf041lt.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX3)
nf041a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX4)
nf041at.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX3)
nf041h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX8)
nf041ht.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX6)
nf041j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX8)
nf041jt.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX6)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg / m3
● ν = 0.3
Four meshes:
● 48 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX4) elements
● 96 axisymmetric solid linear triangular (CTRAX3) elements
● 8 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX8) elements
● 16 axisymmetric solid parabolic triangular (CTRAX6) elements
Boundary Conditions
Unsupported
Solution Type



SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target Value
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 244.0 243.2 244.0

CTRAX3 244.0 243.3 244.1
2 243.5
CQUADX8 243.5 243.2 243.5
CTRAX6 243.5 243.4 243.5
CQUADX4 379.4 370.9 378.1

CTRAX3 379.4 377.7 380.9
3 377.4
CQUADX8 377.5 356.5 377.5
CTRAX6 377.5 376.5 377.5
CQUADX4 395.4 379.3 394.4

CTRAX3 395.4 391.4 397.0
4 394.1
CQUADX8 394.3 356.9 394.3
CTRAX6 394.3 385.7 394.3
CQUADX4 401.4 385.9 398.0

CTRAX3 401.4 395.6 408.7
5 397.7
CQUADX8 397.9 375.9 398.0
CTRAX6 397.9 386.7 398.1
CQUADX4 421.9 389.6 406.8

CTRAX3 421.9 423.0 430.4
6 405.3
CQUADX8 406.4 393.7 406.4
CTRAX6 406.4 397.1 407.3
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 244.0 243.2 244.0

CTRAX3 244.0 243.3 244.1
2 243.5
CQUADX8 243.5 243.2 243.5
CTRAX6 243.5 243.4 243.5
CQUADX4 379.4 370.9 378.1

CTRAX3 379.4 377.7 380.9
3 377.4
CQUADX8 377.5 356.5 377.5
CTRAX6 377.5 376.5 377.5
CQUADX4 395.4 379.3 394.4

CTRAX3 395.4 391.4 397.0
4 394.1
CQUADX8 394.3 356.9 394.3
CTRAX6 394.3 385.7 394.3
CQUADX4 401.4 385.9 398.0

CTRAX3 401.4 395.6 408.7
5 397.7
CQUADX8 397.9 375.9 398.0
CTRAX6 397.9 386.7 398.1
CQUADX4 421.9 389.6 406.8

CTRAX3 421.9 423.0 430.4
6 405.3
CQUADX8 406.4 393.7 406.4
CTRAX6 406.4 397.1 407.3
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 244.0 N/A 244.0

CTRAX3 244.0 N/A 244.1
2 243.5
CQUADX8 243.5 N/A 243.5
CTRAX6 243.5 N/A 243.5
3 377.4 CQUADX4 379.4 N/A 378.1

CTRAX3 379.4 N/A 380.9

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX8 377.5 N/A 377.4

CTRAX6 377.5 N/A 377.5
CQUADX4 395.4 N/A 394.4

CTRAX3 395.4 N/A 397.0
4 394.1
CQUADX8 394.3 N/A 394.2
CTRAX6 394.3 N/A 394.3
CQUADX4 401.4 N/A 398.0

CTRAX3 401.4 N/A 408.7
5 397.7
CQUADX8 397.9 N/A 397.9
CTRAX6 397.9 N/A 398.0
CQUADX4 421.9 N/A 406.9

CTRAX3 421.9 N/A 430.4
6 405.3
CQUADX8 406.4 N/A 405.6
CTRAX6 406.4 N/A 407.2
Note
The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.
References
Nov., 1987.
Thick Hollow Sphere – Uniform Radial Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thick hollow sphere meshed using
axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected

● Constraint equations
Input Files
nf042l.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX4)
nf042lt.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX3)
nf042a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX4)
nf042at.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX3)
nf042h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX8)
nf042ht.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX6)
nf042j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX8)
nf042jt.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX6)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Four meshes:
● 10 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX4) elements -α = 5°
● 20 axisymmetric solid linear triangular (CTRAX3) elements -α = 5°
● 10 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX8) elements -α = 5°

● 20 axisymmetric solid parabolic triangular (CTRAX6) elements -α = 5°
Boundary Conditions
● Z′ displacement = 0 at all grid points

● Grid points at the same R′ are constrained to have the same r′ displacement
● One constraint set
Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 370.6 369.8 370.0

CTRAX3 370.6 370.5 370.7
1 369.9
CQUADX8 370.0 369.4 369.7
CTRAX6 370.0 369.6 369.7
CQUADX4 841.2 831.8 839.4

CTRAX3 841.2 834.0 842.7
2 838.0
CQUADX8 838.1 832.7 837.7
CTRAX6 838.1 835.9 837.7
CQUADX4 1473. 1421.3 1470.5

CTRAX3 1473. 1423.6 1474.7
3 1451.
CQUADX8 1453. 1433.7 1450.8
CTRAX6 1453. 1445.8 1450.5
CQUADX4 2192. 2030.5 2188.6

CTRAX3 2192. 2033.2 2193.9
4 2117.
CQUADX8 2132. 2072.8 2117.3
CTRAX6 2132. 2104.9 2117.3
CQUADX4 2976. 2604.0 2970.9

CTRAX3 2976. 2607.3 2977.5
5 2796.
CQUADX8 2853. 2706.2 2799.3
CTRAX6 2853. 2772.9 2799.3
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 370.6 369.8 370.0

CTRAX3 370.6 370.5 370.7
1 369.9
CQUADX8 370.0 369.4 369.7
CTRAX6 370.0 369.6 369.7
2 838.0 CQUADX4 841.2 831.8 839.4

CTRAX3 841.2 834.0 842.7

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX8 838.1 832.7 837.7

CTRAX6 838.1 835.9 837.7
CQUADX4 1473. 1421.3 1470.5

CTRAX3 1473. 1423.6 1474.7
3 1451.
CQUADX8 1453. 1433.7 1450.8
CTRAX6 1453. 1445.8 1450.5
CQUADX4 2192. 2030.5 2188.6

CTRAX3 2192. 2033.2 2193.9
4 2117.
CQUADX8 2132. 2072.8 2117.3
CTRAX6 2132. 2104.9 2117.3
CQUADX4 2976. 2604.0 2970.9

CTRAX3 2976. 2607.3 2977.5
5 2796.
CQUADX8 2853. 2706.2 2799.3
CTRAX6 2853. 2772.9 2799.3
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 370.6 N/A 370.0

CTRAX3 370.6 N/A 370.7
1 369.9
CQUADX8 370.0 N/A 369.7
CTRAX6 370.0 N/A 369.7
CQUADX4 841.2 N/A 839.4

CTRAX3 841.2 N/A 842.7
2 838.0
CQUADX8 838.1 N/A 837.7
CTRAX6 838.1 N/A 837.7
3 1451. CQUADX4 1473. N/A 1470.5

CTRAX3 1473. N/A 1474.7

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX8 1453. N/A 1450.9

CTRAX6 1453. N/A 1450.9
CQUADX4 2192. N/A 2188.6

CTRAX3 2192. N/A 2193.9
4 2117.
CQUADX8 2132. N/A 2118.1
CTRAX6 2132. N/A 2118.0
CQUADX4 2976. N/A 2970.9

CTRAX3 2976. N/A 2977.5
5 2796.
CQUADX8 2853. N/A 2803.0
CTRAX6 2853. N/A 2802.0
Note
References
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported Annular Plate – Axisymmetric Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with
axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected


Input Files
nf043a.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX4)
nf043at.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX3)
nf043b.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX4)
nf043bt.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX3)
nf043c.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CQUADX8)
nf043ct.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass, CTRAX6)
nf043d.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CQUADX8)
nf043dt.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass, CTRAX6)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Four meshes:
● 60 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX4) elements
● 5 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX8) elements
Boundary Conditions
● Z = 0 at A

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 18.71 18.54 18.57

CTRAX3 18.71 18.72 18.75
1 18.54
CQUADX8 18.58 18.43 18.58
CTRAX6 18.58 18.53 18.60
CQUADX4 145.5 138.7 140.2

CTRAX3 145.5 160.2 162.0
2 150.2
CQUADX8 145.6 136.0 140.6
CTRAX6 145.6 139.0 141.0
CQUADX4 224.2 224.2 224.2

CTRAX3 224.2 224.2 224.3
3 224.2
CQUADX8 224.2 224.0 224.2
CTRAX6 224.2 224.1 224.2
4 358.3 CQUADX4 385.6 361.5 371.5

CTRAX3 385.6 417.8 429.3

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX8 374.1 353.6 374.0

CTRAX6 374.1 369.7 379.3
CQUADX4 689.3 643.3 673.8

CTRAX3 689.3 687.5 690.3
5 629.2
CQUADX8 686.0 633.1 686.0
CTRAX6 686.0 680.5 688.5
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 18.71 18.54 18.57

CTRAX3 18.71 18.72 18.75
1 18.54
CQUADX8 18.58 18.43 18.58
CTRAX6 18.58 18.53 18.60
CQUADX4 145.5 138.7 140.2

CTRAX3 145.5 160.2 162.0
2 150.2
CQUADX8 145.6 136.0 140.6
CTRAX6 145.6 139.0 141.0
CQUADX4 224.2 224.2 224.2

CTRAX3 224.2 224.2 224.3
3 224.2
CQUADX8 224.2 224.0 224.2
CTRAX6 224.2 224.1 224.2
CQUADX4 385.6 361.5 371.5

CTRAX3 385.6 417.8 429.3
4 358.3
CQUADX8 374.1 353.6 374.0
CTRAX6 374.1 369.7 379.3
5 629.2 CQUADX4 689.3 643.3 673.8

CTRAX3 689.3 687.5 690.3

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX8 686.0 633.1 686.0

CTRAX6 686.0 680.5 688.5
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
CQUADX4 18.71 N/A 18.57

CTRAX3 18.71 N/A 18.75
1 18.54
CQUADX8 18.58 N/A 18.57
CTRAX6 18.58 N/A 18.59
CQUADX4 145.5 N/A 140.2

CTRAX3 145.5 N/A 162.0
2 150.2
CQUADX8 145.6 N/A 139.8
CTRAX6 145.6 N/A 140.9
CQUADX4 224.2 N/A 224.2

CTRAX3 224.2 N/A 224.3
3 224.2
CQUADX8 224.2 N/A 224.2
CTRAX6 224.2 N/A 224.2
CQUADX4 385.6 N/A 371.5

CTRAX3 385.6 N/A 429.3
4 358.3
CQUADX8 374.1 N/A 368.2
CTRAX6 374.1 N/A 380.0
CQUADX4 689.3 N/A 673.8

CTRAX3 689.3 N/A 690.3
5 629.2
CQUADX8 686.0 N/A 667.5
CTRAX6 686.0 N/A 688.6
Note

References
Nov., 1987.
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep, simply supported beam meshed with
solid elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis , Test 51.

● Skewed coordinate system
● Skewed restraints
Input Files
nf051a_l.dat (linear brick, lumped mass)
nf051a_c.dat (linear brick, coupled mass)
nf051b_l.dat (parabolic brick, lumped mass)
nf051b_c.dat (parabolic brick, coupled mass)
nf051c_l.dat (linear pyramid, lumped mass)
nf051c_c.dat (linear pyramid, coupled mass)
nf051d_l.dat (parabolic pyramid, lumped mass)
nf051d_c.dat (parabolic pyramid, coupled mass)
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Four tests:
● 30 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements
● 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
● 180 solid linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each linear brick
element into 6 pyramid elements)
● 30 solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each parabolic
brick element into 6 pyramid elements)
Boundary Conditions
● X′ = Z′ = 0 along AA′
● Z′ = 0 along BB′
● Y′ = 0 at all grid points on the plane Y′ = 2.0 m

Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
linear brick
42.88 37.96 38.28
linear pyramid
41.28 41.49
1 38.20 parabolic brick
38.82 37.85 38.24
parabolic
37.90 38.14
pyramid
linear brick
2 85.21 93.82 83.38 83.95
linear pyramid
89.30 89.63
parabolic brick

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
parabolic 88.45 87.12 87.52

pyramid 86.32 86.50
linear brick
170.7 152.8 157.6
linear pyramid
163.0 |165.9
159.4 151.8 157.0
parabolic
151.9 154.9
pyramid
linear brick
286.1 251.6 264.9
linear pyramid
269.0 276.2
259.2 248.5 258.2
parabolic
250.2 255.3
pyramid
linear brick
318.9 288.0 298.3
linear pyramid
302.7 308.8
307.9 289.6 305.5
parabolic
291.2 299.9
pyramid
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
linear brick
42.88 37.96 38.28
linear pyramid
41.28 41.49
38.82 37.89 38.27
parabolic
37.90 38.14
pyramid
93.82 83.41 83.98

linear brick 89.30 89.63
2 85.21 linear pyramid 88.45 87.27 87.66
parabolic brick 86.32 86.50

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
parabolic
pyramid
linear brick
170.7 152.8 157.6
linear pyramid
163.0 165.9
159.4 152.4 157.5
parabolic
151.9 154.9
pyramid
linear brick
286.1 251.8 265.0
linear pyramid
269.0 276.2
259.2 250.1 259.0
parabolic
250.2 255.3
pyramid
linear brick
318.9 288.2 298.4
linear pyramid
302.7 308.8
307.9 290.2 306.0
parabolic
291.2 299.9
pyramid
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
linear brick
42.88 N/A 38.22
linear pyramid
N/A 41.24
38.82 N/A 37.56
parabolic
N/A 38.14
pyramid
93.82 N/A 83.28

linear brick N/A 89.21
2 85.21 linear pyramid 88.45 N/A 84.03
parabolic brick N/A 86.52

Simcenter Simcenter
NAFEMS
Mode # Mesh Target
Value (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
parabolic
pyramid
linear brick
170.7 N/A 152.9
linear pyramid
N/A 165.2
159.4 N/A 153.5
parabolic
N/A 155.0
pyramid
linear brick
286.1 N/A 245.4
linear pyramid
N/A 275.0
259.2 N/A 244.5
parabolic
N/A 255.8
pyramid
linear brick
318.9 N/A 271.2
linear pyramid
N/A 307.8
307.9 N/A 300.8
parabolic
N/A 300.1
pyramid
Note
References
N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 51. Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported square plate meshed with

● Kinematically incomplete suppressions
Input Files
nf052l_l.dat (linear brick, lumped mass)
nf052l_c.dat (linear brick, coupled mass)
nf052b_l.dat (parabolic brick, lumped mass)
nf052b_c.dat (parabolic brick, coupled mass)
nf052c._ldat (linear pyramid, lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Four tests:
● 64 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements
● 16 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

Boundary Conditions
Z = 0 along the four edges on the plane Z = –0.5 m
Solution Type
SOL 103 normal modes



SOL 103 Results
Simcenter
Simcenter
Reference NAFEMS Nastran
Nastran Result
Mode # Value Mesh Target Value Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
linear brick
51.65 44.04 45.24
linear pyramid
66.94 68.01
44.76 43.81 44.16
parabolic
44.67 44.81
pyramid
linear brick
132.7 106.5 113.7
linear pyramid
154.3 160.4
5, 6 109.4 parabolic brick
110.5 105.2 107.9
parabolic
109.1 110.3
pyramid
linear brick
194.4 155.5 172.3
linear pyramid
195.2 197.1
169.1 156.3 163.9
parabolic
165.9 169.4
pyramid
linear brick
197.2 193.6 196.8
linear pyramid
206.8 212.4
193.9 193.5 193.9
parabolic
194.0 193.9
pyramid
linear brick
210.6 200.1 209.6
linear pyramid
206.8 212.4
206.6 193.5 206.6
parabolic
195.9 206.6
pyramid
210.6 200.1 209.6

linear brick 220.2 222.9
10 206.2 linear pyramid 206.6 194.0 206.6
parabolic brick 195.9 206.6

Simcenter
Simcenter
Nastran Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
parabolic
pyramid
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter
Simcenter
Nastran Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
linear brick
51.65 44.11 45.32
linear pyramid
66.94 68.01
44.76 44.47 44.80
parabolic
44.67 44.81
pyramid
linear brick
132.7 106.7 114.0
linear pyramid
154.3 160.4
110.5 108.1 110.5
parabolic
109.1 110.3
pyramid
linear brick
194.4 156.5 173.3
linear pyramid
195.2 197.1
169.1 161.6 169.1
parabolic
165.9 169.4
pyramid
linear brick
197.2 193.6 196.8
linear pyramid
206.8 212.4
193.9 193.6 193.9
parabolic
194.0 193.9
pyramid
linear brick
9 206.2 210.6 200.1 209.6
linear pyramid
206.8 212.4
parabolic brick

Simcenter
Simcenter
Nastran Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
parabolic 206.6 193.6 206.6

pyramid 195.9 206.6
linear brick
210.6 200.1 209.6
linear pyramid
220.2 222.9
206.6 194.0 206.6
parabolic
195.9 206.6
pyramid
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter
Simcenter
Nastran Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
linear brick
51.65 N/A 44.18
linear pyramid
N/A 65.94
44.76 N/A 43.86
parabolic
N/A 44.82
pyramid
linear brick
132.7 N/A 107.1
linear pyramid
N/A 156.6
110.5 N/A 107.2
parabolic
N/A 110.5
pyramid
linear brick
194.4 N/A 158.0
linear pyramid
N/A 197.1
169.1 N/A 162.3
parabolic
N/A 169.8
pyramid
linear brick
8 193.6 197.2 N/A 193.3
linear pyramid
N/A 212.1
parabolic brick

Simcenter
Simcenter
Nastran Result
(coupled mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
parabolic 193.9 N/A 194.0

pyramid N/A 193.9
linear brick
210.6 N/A 205.2
linear pyramid
N/A 212.1
206.6 N/A 206.7
parabolic
N/A 206.6
pyramid
linear brick
210.6 N/A 205.2
linear pyramid
N/A 222.7
206.6 N/A 206.7
parabolic
N/A 206.6
pyramid
Note
References
Nov., 1987.
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with

● Constraint equations
Input Files
nf053l_l.dat (linear brick, lumped mass)
nf053l_c.dat (linear brick, coupled mass)
nf053h_l.dat (parabolic brick, lumped mass)
nf053h_c.dat (parabolic brick, coupled mass)
nf053c_l.dat (linear pyramid, lumped mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν = 0.3
Four tests:
● 60 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements – α = 5°
● 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements – α = 10°

Boundary Conditions
● θ displacement = 0 at all grid points

● Z displacement = 0 at all grid points along AA
● Grid points at same R and Z are constrained to have same z displacement
● One constraint set
Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter
NAFEMS Nastran Simcenter Nastran
Reference
Mode # Mesh Target Result Result (coupled
Value (Hz)
Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
linear brick
19.66 18.57 18.61
linear pyramid
19.90 19.92
18.58 18.45 18.58
parabolic
21.35 21.47
pyramid
linear brick
146.4 138.8 140.5
linear pyramid
147.1 148.1
140.4 135.9 140.3
parabolic
139.6 143.4
pyramid
linear brick
224.3 224.2 224.3
linear pyramid
224.4 224.5
224.2 223.7 224.2
parabolic
224.3 224.7
pyramid
linear brick
386.7 361.8 372.1
linear pyramid
383.5 389.9
374.0 351.2 371.9
parabolic
359.2 375.9
pyramid
linear brick
689.5 643.8 674.7
linear pyramid
684.1 689.9
686.0 624.7 679.6
parabolic
640.4 683.3
pyramid
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
linear brick
19.66 18.57 18.61
linear pyramid
19.90 19.92
18.58 18.46 18.58
parabolic
21.35 21.47
pyramid
linear brick
146.4 138.8 140.5
linear pyramid
147.1 148.1
140.4 136.2 140.6
parabolic
139.6 143.4
pyramid
linear brick
224.3 224.2 224.3
linear pyramid
224.4 224.5
224.2 223.7 224.2
parabolic
224.3 224.7
pyramid
linear brick
386.7 361.8 372.1
linear pyramid
383.5 389.9
374.0 353.4 374.0
parabolic
359.2 375.9
pyramid
linear brick
689.5 643.8 674.7
linear pyramid
684.1 689.9
686.0 632.3 686.0
parabolic
640.4 683.3
pyramid
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter
Reference
Value (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
linear brick
19.66 N/A 18.59
linear pyramid
N/A 19.83
18.58 N/A 18.57
parabolic
N/A 21.47
pyramid
linear brick
146.4 N/A 139.7
linear pyramid
N/A 147.5
140.4 N/A 139.8
parabolic
N/A 143.4
pyramid
linear brick
224.3 N/A 224.1
linear pyramid
N/A 224.4
224.2 N/A 224.2
parabolic
N/A 224.7
pyramid
linear brick
386.7 N/A 365.3
linear pyramid
N/A 388.4
374.0 N/A 368.2
parabolic
N/A 376.2
pyramid
linear brick
689.5 N/A 649.2
linear pyramid
N/A 689.8
686.0 N/A 667.5
parabolic
N/A 685.1
pyramid
References
Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Solid Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered solid beam meshed using solid

● Highly populated stiffness matrix
Input Files
nf072a_l.dat (parabolic bricks – conventional, lumped mass)
nf072a_c.dat (parabolic bricks – conventional, coupled mass)
nf072b_l.dat (parabolic bricks – unconventional, lumped mass)
nf072b_c.dat (parabolic bricks – unconventional, coupled mass)
nf072c._ldat (parabolic pyramids – conventional, lumped mass)
nf072c_c.dat (parabolic pyramids – conventional, coupled mass)
nf072d_l.dat (parabolic pyramids – unconventional, lumped mass)
nf072d_c.dat (parabolic pyramids – unconventional, coupled mass)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 200E+9 N/m2
● ρ = 8000 kg/m3
● ν=3
Four tests:
● Test 1: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, conventional grid point numbering
● Test 2: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick
element into 6 pyramid elements), conventional grid point numbering

● Test 3: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, unconventional grid point numbering
● Test 4: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick
element into 6 pyramid elements), unconventional grid point numbering
Boundary Conditions
● X = Y = Z = 0 at all grid points on X = 0 plane

● Y = 0 at grid points on Y = 1 m plane
Solution Type


SOL 103 Results

Simcenter
Nastran Result
Mode # Mesh Target Value Result (coupled
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 1 16.01 15.82 15.99

Test 2 15.86 15.97
1
Test 3 16.01 15.82 15.99
Test 4 15.86 15.97
Test 1 87.23 83.18 87.08

Test 2 84.30 86.96
2
Test 3 87.23 83.18 87.08
Test 4 84.30 86.96
Test 1 126.0 125.5 126.0

Test 2 125.6 125.9
3
Test 3 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 4 125.6 125.9
Test 1 209.6 193.5 209.1

Test 2 198.2 209.0
4
Test 3 209.6 193.5 209.1
Test 4 198.2 209.0
Test 1 351.1 310.1 349.9

Test 2 322.8 350.2
5
Test 3 351.1 310.1 349.9
Test 4 322.8 350.2
6 Test 1 375.8 364.2 375.8

Test 2 367.4 375.4

Simcenter
Nastran Result
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 3 375.8 364.2 375.8

Test 4 367.4 375.4
SOL 401 Results

Simcenter
Nastran Result
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 1 16.01 15.84 16.01

Test 2 15.86 15.97
1
Test 3 16.01 15.84 16.01
Test 4 15.86 15.97
Test 1 87.23 83.33 87.23

Test 2 84.30 86.96
2
Test 3 87.23 83.33 87.23
Test 4 84.30 86.96
Test 1 126.0 125.5 126.0

Test 2 125.6 125.9
3
Test 3 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 4 125.6 125.9
Test 1 209.6 194.3 209.6

Test 2 198.2 209.0
4
Test 3 209.6 194.3 209.6
Test 4 198.2 209.0
Test 1 351.1 313.4 351.1

Test 2 322.8 350.2
5
Test 3 351.1 313.4 351.1
Test 4 322.8 350.2
6 Test 1 375.8 364.2 375.8

Test 2 367.4 375.4

Simcenter
Nastran Result
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 3 375.8 364.2 375.8

Test 4 367.4 375.4
SOL 402 Results

Simcenter
Nastran Result
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 1 16.01 N/A 15.98

Test 2 N/A 15.98
1
Test 3 16.01 N/A 15.97
Test 4 N/A 15.97
Test 1 87.23 N/A 87.05

Test 2 N/A 87.05
2
Test 3 87.23 N/A 86.96
Test 4 N/A 86.96
Test 1 126.0 N/A 125.9

Test 2 N/A 125.9
3
Test 3 126.0 N/A 125.9
Test 4 N/A 125.9
Test 1 209.6 N/A 209.1

Test 2 N/A 209.1
4
Test 3 209.6 N/A 209.0
Test 4 N/A 209.0
Test 1 351.1 N/A 350.3

Test 2 N/A 350.3
5
Test 3 351.1 N/A 350.5
Test 4 N/A 350.5
6 Test 1 375.8 N/A 375.5

Test 2 N/A 375.5

Simcenter
Nastran Result
(lumped mass)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
Test 3 375.8 N/A 375.4

Test 4 N/A 375.4
References
Nov., 1987.

Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des
Mecaniciens
Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe

Francaise des Mecaniciens
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of Simcenter Nastran using
standard benchmarks published by SFM (Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Paris, France) in
Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Included here are:
● Tests cases on mechanical structures using linear statics analysis, normal mode dynamics
analysis, and model response.
● Stationary thermal test cases using heat transfer analysis.
● Thermo-mechanical test cases using linear statics analysis.
Results published in Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures are compared
with those computed using Simcenter Nastran.
o Input files
o Units
o Material properties
o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
o Solution type
● Results
● Reference
Reference
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.
Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod

Elements
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports

This test is a linear statics analysis of a short, straight beam with plane bending and shear
loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL02/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

● Area = 31E–4 m2
● Inertia = 2810E–8 m4
● Shear area ratio = 2.42
Input Files
ssll02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3

● 11 grid points
The mesh is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● Restrain both free ends of the beam in translation DOF.

o Edge load = 1E+5 N/m in –Y direction
Solution Type


Results
Simcenter Simcenter Simcenter
Bench
Result Nastran SOL Nastran SOL Nastran SOL
Value
101 401 402
Displacement at
point B v (m) -1.259E-3 –1.259E–3 -1.259E-3 -1.259E-3
(Grid point 7)
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL02/89.
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight, cantilever beam with plane bending and a rigid
element. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL05/89 from Guide de
Input File
ssll05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0E+11 Pa
● I = (4/3)E–08 m4


● 1 rigid element
● 26 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Points A and C: Clamped

● Point D: Set nodal force = 1000 N in –Y direction
Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench
Type Point Nastran Nastran Nastran
point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
v (m) Grid
B –0.125 –0.125 –0.125 –0.125
Disp. Y point 6
v (m) Grid
D –0.125 –0.125 –0.125 –0.125
Disp. Y point 3

Grid Bench
point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
V force Grid
A 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0
(N) Y point 1
M
Grid
moment A 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0
point 1
(Nm) Rz
V force Grid
C 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0
(N) Y point 4
M
Grid
moment C 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0
point 4
(Nm) Rz
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLL05/89.
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a curved pipe with transverse
bending and bending-torque loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLL07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
● R=1m
● de = 0.02 m

● di = 0.016 m
● A = 1.131E-0–04 m2
● Ix = 4.637E–09 m4
Input Files
ssll07a.dat linear beam
ssll07b.dat curved beam
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 91 grid points
Test 2
● 90 curved beam (CBEND) elements
● 91 grid points
To obtain the point where θ = 15° with accuracy, use surface mapped meshing on 1/4 of a
cylinder. Then mesh a curved edge with the Surface Coating command and undo the mesh on
the surface.
The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
● Clamp point A.
● Grid point force F = 100 N in Z direction.
Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench Test
point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
u (m) Grid
Disp. point B 0.1346 1 0.1346 0.1346 0.1346
Z 1
2 0.1346 N/A N/A
Grid
Mt θ=
point 74.12 1 76.67 76.67 76.67
(Nm)* 15°
1
2 77.51 N/A N/A
Mf
–96.59 1 –96.37 –96.37 –96.37
(Nm)

Grid Bench Test
point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
2 –95.70 N/A N/A
Mf = bending moment
Mt = torsional moment
*See "Post Processing" below.
Post Processing
Linear Beam (CBAR) Elements
List beam forces on element 167, second end:

● Mf = torque
● Mt = bending moment
Curved Beam (CBEND) Elements
List beam forces on element 166, second end:

● Mf = torque
● Mt = bending moment
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.Test No. SSLL07/89..
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a thin arc with plane bending. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels
de calcul de structures.

● R=1m
● de = 0.02 m
● di = 0.016 m
● A = 1.131E–04 m2
● Ix 4.637E–09 m4
Input File
ssll08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3

● 11 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Point A: Articulated Z
● Point B: Sets Y and Z displacement to 0
● Force = 100N in –Y direction
Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench
Type Point Nastran SOL Nastran SOL Nastran SOL
Point Value
101 401 402
Rz
2 A -3.077E-2 -3.110E-2 -3.110E-2 -3.077E-2
(rad)

Grid Bench
Type Point Nastran SOL Nastran SOL Nastran SOL
Point Value
101 401 402
Rz
1 B 3.077E-2 3.110E-2 3.110E-2 3.065E-2
(rad)
Y (m) 7 C -1.921E-2 -1.934E-2 -1.934E-2 -1.914E-2
X (m) 1 B 5.391E-2 5.373E-2 5.373E-2 5.372E-2
References
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plane truss with an articulated rod. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul
de structures.

Input File
ssll11.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 1.962E+11 Pa
● 4 rod (CONROD) elements

● 4 grid points
Element Length (m) Area (m2)
AC 0.5 ∗ √2 2.000E–4
CB 0.5 ∗ √2 2.000E–4
CD √2.5 1.000E–4
BD √2 1.000E–4
Boundary Conditions
● Point A and B: Articulated

● Point D: Set Nodal force = 9.81 E3 N in –Y direction

Solution Type

Results
Type Grid Point Point Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
X (m) 18.00 C 0.2652E–3 0.2652E–3
Y (m) 18.00 C 0.08839E–3 0.08839E–3
X (m) 2.000 D 3.479E–3 3.479E–3
Y (m) 2.000 D –5.601E–3 –5.600E–3
References
(Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990..) Test No. SSLL11/89.
Articulated Plane Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight cantilever beam with plane bending and tension-
compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL14/89 from Guide de

● I1 = 5E–04 m4
● I2 = 2.5E–04 m4
Input Files
ssll14a.dat (4 elements)
ssll14b.dat (10 elements)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
Test 1
● 5 grid points
Test 2
● 11 grid points

The mesh for Test 2 is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● Point A and B: Articulate

● Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:
o p = –3,000 N/m
o F1 = –20,000 N
o F2 = –10,000 N
o M = –100,000 Nm
Solution Type

Results

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Vertical reaction 1 3.150E+4 3.150E+4 3.323E+4

1 A 3.150E4
(N) 2 3.323E+4 3.323E+4 3.323E+4
Horizontal reaction 1 1.921E+4 1.921E+4 1.955E+4

1 A 2.024E4
(N) 2 2.061E+4 2.061E+4 2.061E+4
Vertical 1 –0.02100 –0.02100 –0.02158

8 C 0.03072
Displacement (m) 2 –0.03161 –0.03161 –0.03161
Note
Simcenter Nastran takes shear effect into account.
References
Beam on an Elastic Foundation

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a straight beam with plane bending and an
elastic support. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL16/89 from Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssll16.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● K = 8.4E+5 N/m2
● Each spring stiffness is set to: K * L/(number of spring elements).

● 49 spring (CBUSH) elements
● 51 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Point A and B: Articulated

● Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:
–F = –10000 N
–p = –5000 N/m
–M = 15000 Nm.

Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench
Point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Rotation(rad) –
–0.003034 –0.003034 –0.003034
Rz 0.003050
1 A
Vertical
Reaction 1.167E+4 1.158E+4 1.158E+4 1.158E+4
force (N)

Grid Bench
Point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
– – – –
Vertical
0.4233E– 0.4216E– 0.4216E– 0.4216E–
Disp. (m)
2 2 2 2
26 D
M moment
3.384E+4 3.369E+4 3.369E+4 3.369E+4
(Nm)*
*List beam forces on element 26, first end, z bending moment.

References
Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements

Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with plane bending. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLP01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.
● Thickness = 1 mm
Input File
sslp01.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 3E+10 Pa
● ν = 0.25
● 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

● 126 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Clamped Plate
● Set a shear force with parabolic distribution on width and constant distribution on
thickness.
● Resultant force: p = 40 N.
Solution Type

Results

Grid point Locatio Bench
Type Nastran SOL Nastran SOL Nastran SOL
# n Value
101 401 402
Y Grid point 0.33468 0.33468

(L,y) 0.3413 0.33672
(mm) 3
Displacement is shown in the following figure:
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLP01/89.
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with tension-compression and a
membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP02/89 from

Input File
sslp02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 3E+10 Pa
● ν = 0.25

● 121 grid points
The plate is meshed using the biasing option.

Boundary Conditions
● u (0,y) = 0, Ry (y) = 0, Rz (y) = 0, (z = 0, all grid points)

● ν (x,0) = 0, Rx (x) = 0, Rz (x) = 0
● Tension force P = 2.5 N/mm**2 (in plane force of 2500 N/m)
Solution Type


Results
Grid Bench
Point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
σθθ* 1 (a, 0) 7.500E+7 7.528E+7 7.601E+7 7.640E+7
(a, 2.626E+7 2.639E+7

σθθ* 56 2.500E+7 2.511E+7
π/4)
(a, -2.411E+7 -2.312E+7

σθθ* 111 –2.500E+7 –2.451E+7
π/2)
*Results are post-processed with stresses averaged at nodes.
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLP02/89.
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a circular plate fixed at the
edge with transverse bending and a uniform load. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SSLS03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls03a.dat linear quadrilateral
ssls03b.dat linear triangle
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 50 grid points
Test 2
● 53 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements
● 38 grid points
Meshing is only done on 1/4 of the plate.
The meshes are shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● Clamp free edges.

● Uniform pressure p = –1000 Pa.
● Symmetric conditions are applied to the sides.

Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench Test
Result Point Nastran SOL Nastran SOL Nastran SOL
Point Value Number
101 401 402
Center –
Z 1 1 –0.006627 –0.006446 –0.006446
O 0.006500
w (m) 1 2 –0.006494 –0.005807 –0.005807
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS03/89.

Torque Loading on a Square Tube
This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin-walled tube loaded in
torsion by pure shear at the free end. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLS05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input File
ssls05.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● 160 CQUAD4 elements

● 219 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Plane X = 0
● Clamped beam
● Apply a torque equal to 10 Nm on the free end.
Solution Type

Results
Result Grid Point Bench Value Nastran Nastran Nastran
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Disp. Y (m) –6.170E–7 -6.170E–7 -6.087E–7 -6.087E–7

193
Disp. Rx (rad) 1.230E–5 1.234E–5 1.209E–5 1.209E–5

Result Grid Point Bench Value Nastran Nastran Nastran
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Stress XY Shear
–1.100E+5 –1.091E+5 –1.117E+5 –1.117E+5
(Pa)*
Disp. Y (m) –9.870E–7 –9.870E–7 –9.787E–7 –9.787E–7
Disp. Rx (rad) 208 1.970E–5 1.974E–5 1.959E–5 1.959E–5
Stress XY Shear
–1.100E+5 –1.093E+5 –1.091E+5 –1.091E+5
(Pa)*
*Results are post-processed using the Shell surface: Bottom option with stresses averaged at
nodes.
References
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by internal pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS06/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Input Files
ssls06a.dat
ssls06b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3

Test 1
● 121 grid points
Test 2
● 441 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Free conditions:
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XZ, XY, and YZ planes.
● Internal pressure = 10000 Pa.

Solution Type

Results
Bench Test
Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
σ11(Pa) 11 0 1 4.439 4.444 4.444
21 2 -4.008 -4.005 -4.005
σ22(Pa) 111 5.000E+5 1 4.954E+5 4.954E+5 4.985E+5
421 2 4.988E+5 4.988E+5 4.996E+5
ΔR(m) 121 2.380E–6 1 2.374E–6 2.374E–6 2.374E–6
441 2 2.380E–6 2.380E–6 2.380E–6

Bench Test
Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
–1.430E– –1.424E– –1.424E–

ΔL(m) 121 1 –1.424E–6
6 6 6
–1.427E– –1.427E–
441 2 –1.427E–6
6 6
Post Processing
● σ11 is the YY stress on the top surface of element 10 at grid point 11 (test 1) or element
20 at grid point 21 (test 2)
● σ22 is the XX stress on the top surface of element 91 at grid point 111 (test 1) or element
381 at grid point 421 (test 2)
● ΔR(m) is the X displacement at grid point 121 (test 1) or grid point 441 (test 2)
● ΔL(m) is the Z displacement at grid point 121 (test 1) or grid point 441 (test 2)
References
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear static analysis of a thin cylinder loaded axially. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SSLS07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Input Files
ssls07a.dat – parabolic quadrilateral, thin shell
ssls07b.dat – parabolic triangle, thin shell
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements
● 661 grid points
Test 2
● 400 parabolic triangular thin shell (CTRIA6) elements

Boundary Conditions
● Axial displacement = 0 in. X = 0 section

● Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m
Solution Type

Results
Bench Test
Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
σ11(Pa) 321 5.000E+5 1 5.005E+5 4.995E+5 4.995E+5
2 5.005E+5 4.995E+5 4.995E+5
σ22(Pa) 321 0 1 1.651E+3 -1.630E+3 -1.640E+3
2 1.626E+3 -1.644E+3 -1.653E+3

Bench Test
Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
ΔL(m) 641 9.520E–6 1 9.577E–6 9.579E–6 9.579E–6
2 9.564E–6 9.565E-6 9.565E-6
ΔR Any / –7.140E– -7.143E-7 -7.143E-7

1 –7.143E-7
(m) 321 7
–7.161E– -7.156E-7 -7.156E-7

2
7
All results are averages.

Post Processing
● σ11 is the averaged top surface Axial (Z) stress at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2.
● σ22 is the averaged top surface Hoop (T) stress at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2.
● ΔL is the axial displacement at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.
● ΔR is the radial displacement at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2.
References
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by hydrostatic pressure. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels
de calcul de structures.

Input File
ssls08.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3

● 661 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Restrain the grid points on side A (from grid point 21 to grid point 661) in the X
translation and the Y and Z rotations.
● Restrain the grid points on side B (from grid point 1 to grid point 641) in the Y
translation and X and Z rotations.
● Internal pressure p = p0 * Z/L with p0 = 20000 Pa.
Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench
Point Value
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
σ11(Pa) 321 Any 0 -1.645E+3 1.647E+3 1.647E+3
σ22 x= 5.024E+5 5.055E+5

321 5.000E+5 4.945E+5
(Pa) L/2
ΔR x= 2.381E-6 2.381E-6 2.381E-6

321 2.380E–6
(m) L/2
ΔL –2.860E– 2.857E-6 2.857E-6 2.857E-6

1 x=L
(m) 6
Ψ x= -1.191E-6 -1.191E-6
321 1.190E–6 1.191E–6
(rad) L/2
Ψ represents the rotation of a generator.

Post Processing
● σ11 is the averaged top surface Axial (Z) stress at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2.
● σ22 is the averaged top surface Hoop (T) stress at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2.
● ΔR is the Radial displacement at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
● ΔL is the Axial displacement at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2
● Ψ is the rotation of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2
References
Pinched Cylindrical Shell

This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with grid point forces, F, pinching as
shown. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS20/89 from Guide de

Input Files
ssls20a.dat linear triangle thin shells
ssls20b.dat linear quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 10.5E+6 Pa
● ν = 0.3125
Test 1
● 173 grid points
Test 2
● 165 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY, XZ, and YZ planes.
● Grid point forces Fy = –25 N at point D
Solution Type

Results

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Disp. -0.1122 -0.1122

1 –0.1131
Y –
3 D
0.1139
Disp. -0.1124 -0.1124
2 –0.1136
Y
Post Processing
● Y displacement at grid point 3.
References
Spherical Shell with a Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis of a spherical shell with a hole with grid point forces. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS21/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

Input Files
ssls21a.dat – linear quadrilateral thing shells
ssls21b.dat – linear triangle thin shells
ssls21c.dat – parabolic quadrilateral thin shells
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 6.285E+7 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 121 grid points
Test 2
● 121 grid points
Test 3
● 441 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY and YZ planes.

● Grid point forces F = 2 Newtons
Due to the symmetric boundary conditions, only half of the load is applied.
Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench Test
Result Point Nastran Nastran Nastran
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
X 111 0.1006 0.1006

1 0.1021
Displacement
X 111 9.400E– 0.0506 0.0506

A(R,0,0) 2 0.1017
Displacement 2
X 421 0.1011 0.0997

3 0.1009
Displacement
References

Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell
This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with bending and membrane effect. It
Input Files
ssls23a.dat (Test 1, linear)
ssls23b.dat (Test 2, parabolic)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 78 grid points
Test 2
● 215 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● AB side: Clamped in local system coordinates.

● AD and BC sides: Restrain Z translation, θx and θy.
● DC side: Set bending moment CZ to 1000 Nm/m. Set in plane force to 0.6E6 N/m.
● ABCD surface: Set internal pressure to 0.6E+6 N/m**2.
● AD and DC sides are restrained in the global coordinate system.
Solution Type

Results
Use coordinate system 3 (the cylindrical coordinate system) to display the results.
Results are post-processed using the Shell surface middle option.

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Hoop 60.67 60.67

Stress 35 1 60.67
(TT) 60.00
E
MPa
Hoop 61.72 61.72
Stress 93 2 59.84
(TT)
References
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plate with pressure loading and simple supports. It

Input Files
ssls24a.dat (Test 1, coarse mesh)
ssls24b.dat (Test 2, fine mesh)
ssls24c.dat (Test 3, very fine mesh)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 1.0E+7 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1 – a/b = 1
● 121 grid points
Test 2 – a/b = 2
● 231 grid points
Test 3 – a/b = 5
● 561 grid points

Boundary Conditions
Restraints
● All edges: w = 0
● One corner fixed
Loads
● Set pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the –Z direction
Solution Type

Results

Grid Test Simcente Simcente Simcente
Parameter Bench
Result Poin a/b Numbe r Nastran r Nastran r Nastran
s Value
t r SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
- -0.00443 -0.00443
1.00
61 1.000α 0.0044 1 -0.00450
0
4
Z - -0.01097 -0.01097
2.00
Displacemen 116 2.000α 0.0111 2 -0.01109
0
t (m) 0
- -0.01395 -0.01395
5.00
281 5.000α 0.0141 3 -0.01406
0
7
1.00 2875.8 2875.8

61 1.000β 2874. 1 2867.1
0
XX Stress
2.00 6032.8 6032.8
top surface 116 2.000β 6102. 2 6034.5
0
(Pa)
5.00 7330.2 7330.2
281 5.000β 7476. 3 7330.8
0
𝛽𝑞𝑏2
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝜎 = 𝜎𝑏 = 2
𝑡
−𝑎𝑞𝑏4
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑦 =
𝐸𝑡 3
Where:
q = distributed load
b = dimension
t = thickness
E = elastic modules
β values of reference from the Guide de Validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted
from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young).
Note
Note that the shell top surface corresponds to the side of the plate with negative global Z
coordinates.

References
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a plate with pressure and
transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS25/89 from
● b = 1.0 m
● a = 2.0 m
Input Files
ssls25a.dat (Test 1)
ssls25b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 36E+6 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● a/b = 2
● Linear quadratic thin shell (CQUAD4) elements
Test 1
● θ = 30°
Test 2
● θ = 45°

Boundary Conditions
● All edges: w = 0, one corner fixed

● Pressure = 1 N/m2 in the –Z direction
Solution Type


Results
Grid Bench Test
Result Nastran Nastran Nastran
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
– -2.906E-3 -2.906E-3
–2.963E–
116 3.277E– 1
3
Z 3
Displacement
(m) –
–2.720E– –2.594E– –2.594E–
116 3.000E- 2
3 3 3
3
YY Stress 116 -5700.0 1 -5831.1 -5622.5 -5796.2

top surface
(Pa) 116 -5390.0 2 -5441.5 -5031.3 -5281.3
𝛽𝑞𝑏2
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝜎 = 𝜎𝑏 = 𝑡2
−𝑎𝑞𝑏4
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑦 =
𝐸𝑡 3
Where:
q = distributed load
b = dimension
t = thickness
E = elastic modulus
Values of reference from the Guide de validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted
from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young), table 26, case number 14a.
References
Shear Loading on a Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin plate with torque and shear loading. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS27/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de

Input Files
ssls27a.dat (Test 1, Mindlin)
ssls27b.dat (Test 2, Kirchoff)
ssls27c.dat (Test 3, Mindlin)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 1.0E+7 Pa
● ν = 0.25
Test 1 – Mindlin
● 14 grid points
Test 2 – Kirchhoff
● 14 grid points
Test 3 – Mindlin
● 75 grid points
All tests are executed with mapped meshing
Boundary Conditions
● Clamp AD side

● Point B: grid point force Fz = –1N
● Point C: grid point force –Fz = 1N
Solution Type

Results
Displacemen Test Simcente Simcente Simcente
Grid Bench
t at Grid Point Numbe r Nastran r Nastran r Nastran
Point Value
point r SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Z 3.500E-2 3.500E-2
Displacement 14 3.537E–2 1 3.585E–2
(m)
Z 3.500E-2 3.500E-2
Displacement 14 C 3.537E–2 2 3.573E–2
(m)
Z 3.539E-2 3.539E-2
Displacement 75 3.537E–2 3 3.604E–2
(m)
References

Mechanical Structures – Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid cylinder with tension-compression. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLV01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
sslv01a.dat (Test 1)
sslv01b.dat (Test 2)
sslv01f.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.30
Test 1

● 155 parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements
● 342 grid points
Test 2
● 144 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & 48 linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
● 307 grid points
Test 3
● 864 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2
into 6 pyramid elements. 48 linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
Boundary Conditions
● Uniaxial deformation of the cylinder section

● Set uniformly distributed force –F/A on the free end in the Z direction
● F/A = 100 MPa

Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
A&
6 1 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3
C
Axial
A& 1.500E–
Displacement 279 2 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3
C 3
(m)
A&
279 3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3
C
B 4 1 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
Axial B 307 2 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3

1.500E–
Displacement
3
(m) B 307 3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3 1.500E–3
D 37 1 0.964E–3 0.964E–3 0.964E–3

Axial
1.000E-
Displacement D 189 2 1.000E–3 1.000E–3 1.000E–3
3
(m)
D 189 3 1.000E–3 1.000E–3 1.000E–3
E 41 1 5.357E–4 5.357E–4 5.357E–4

Axial
5.000E-
Displacement E 99 2 5.000E-4 5.000E-4 5.000E-4
4
(m)
E 99 3 5.000E-4 5.000E-4 5.000E-4
A& –1.500E– –1.500E– –1.498E–

6 1
C 4 4 4
Radial –
A& –1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–
Displacement 279 1.500E– 2
C 4 4 4
(m) 4
A& –1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–
279 3
C 4 4 4
–1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–

D 37 1
4 4 4
Radial –
–1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–
Displacement D 189 1.500E– 2
4 4 4
(m) 4
–1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–
D 189 3
4 4 4
–1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–

E 41 1
Radial – 4 4 4
Displacement 1.500E–
(m) 4 –1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–
E 99 2
4 4 4

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
–1.500E– –1.500E– –1.500E–

E 99 3
4 4 4
Post Processing
To view the results for Test 1 and Test 2, use coordinate system 2 (cylindrical). u is the radial
displacement and w is the axial displacement.
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV01/89.
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick sphere with internal pressure. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLV03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
sslv03e.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 2E+5 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 1600 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
● 1898 grid points
Test 2
● 200 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements & 50 solid wedge (CPENTA) elements
Test 3
● Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1
into 6 pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
Test 4
● Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2
into 6 pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
The meshes from these tests are shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● The equivalent of the center of the sphere being fixed is modeled via symmetric boundary
conditions.
● Uniform radial pressure = 100 MPa.

Solution Type

Results
Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
1 –90.15 -90.06 -90.20
2 –97.29 -102.21 -104.38

σrr
–100.0
(MPa) r=1
1 3 –90.84 -90.84 -90.55
m
4 -103.8 -103.7 -103.91
71.43 1 72.02 72.04 72.03

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
2 77.23 72.60 73.54

σθ
3 71.66 71.67 73.01
(MPa)
4 73.02 73.00 73.21
1 4.005E–4 4.004E-4 4.005E-4
2 4.013E–4 4.001E-4 4.000E-4

4.000E–
u (m)
4
3 3.991E–4 3.990E-4 3.991E-4
4 4.006E–4 4.006E-4 4.006E-4
1826 1 –0.0278 -0.0417 -0.0297
2221 2 0.2240 -0.3409 -0.6350

σrr
0.0
(MPa)
1826 3 –0.2523 -0.2523 -0.3515
2221 4 –0.5259 -0.5104 -0.4592
1826 1 21.18 21.18 21.18
2221 2 21.18 21.66 21.77

σθ r=2
21.43
(MPa) m
1826 3 21.49 21.48 21.44
2221 4 21.74 21.73 21.68
1826 1 1.504E–4 1.504E–4 1.504E-4
2221 2 1.497E–4 1.500E-4 1.501E-4

1.500E–
u (m)
4
1826 3 1.506E–4 1.506E-4 1.506E-4
2221 4 1.499E–4 1.499E-4 1.499E-4

All stress results are averaged. Use the spherical coordinate system for the stress results.
References
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick cylinder with internal pressure. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLV04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2E+5 MPa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1

● 400 linear brick (CHEXA) elements
● 902 grid points
Test 2
● 240 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
Test 3
into 6 pyramid elements.
Test 4
● Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2
The brick meshes are shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● Unlimited cylinder
● Internal pressure p = 60 MPa

Solution Type

Results
All results are averaged.

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
411 1 –57.07 -57.07 -57.07
977 2 –59.73 -60.55 -60.96

–60.00
σr
(MPa)
411 3 –57.30 -57.30 -57.25
977 4 –60.74 -60.72 -60.78
411 1 99.69 99.69 99.69
977 2 101.5 100.6 100.96

100.0
σθ
(MPa)
411 3 99.68 99.68 100.29
977 4 100.9 100.9 100.9
τmax 411 1 79.35 79.35 79.35

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
977 2 80.63 80.57 80.96
80.00 78.90 79.20

411 3 78.90
(MPa)
977 4 80.82 80.81 80.86
411 1 5.900E–5 5.900E-5 5.900E-5
977 2 5.901E–5 5.900E-5 5.900E-5

5.900E–
ur
5 (m)
411 3 5.885E–5 5.885E-5 5.885E-5
977 4 5.900E–5 5.900E-5 5.900E-5
451 1 –0.0065 -0.0065 -0.0065
1037 2 –0.0449 -0.1456 -0.2492

σr 0 (MPa)
451 3 –0.1563 -0.1563 -0.2190
1037 4 –0.1900 -0.1862 -0.1593
451 1 39.66 39.66 39.66
1037 2 40.39 40.15 40.25

40.00
σθ
(MPa)
451 3 39.84 39.84 39.81
1037 4 40.16 40.15 40.15
451 1 20.08 20.08 20.08
1037 2 20.17 20.15 20.25

20.00
τmax
(MPa)
451 3 20.10 20.10 20.12
1037 4 20.17 20.17 20.15

Grid Bench Test
Point Value Number
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
451 1 4.000E–5 4.000E-5 4.000E-5
1037 2 3.999E–5 4.000E-5 4.000E-5

4.000E–
ur
5 (m)
451 3 3.993E–5 3.993E-5 3.993E-5
1037 4 4.000E–5 4.000E-5 4.000E-5
References
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending

This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid rod with bending. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SSLV08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Input Files
sslv08c.dat (Test 3)
sslv08d.dat (Test 4)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2E+5 MPa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 198 linear solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements
● 76 grid points
Test 2
● 198 parabolic solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements
● 409 grid points
Test 3
● 117 grid points
Test 4 – Mapped meshing
● 48 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements
● 381 grid points
Test 5
● 288 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 3
Test 6
● 288 parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in
test 4 into 6 pyramid elements.

Boundary Conditions
● Clamp Point B.
● Other points of B section: Set Z-displacement to 0. NOTE: In these tests some grid points
of section B are also restrained in the x direction about the x-axis at the free end of the
rod.
● Set moment Mx equal to (4/3)E+7 Nm
Solution Type


Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Grid Bench Test Simcenter Nastran
Result Point Nastran Nastran
Point Value # SOL 402
SOL 101 SOL 401
5 1 –4.268E+6 -4.268E+6 -4.268E+6
5 2 –1.003E+7 -1.003E+7 -1.003E+7
75 – 3 –1.000E+7 –1.000E+7 –1.000E+7

F or
σzz 1.000E7
G
245 (Pa) 4 –9.995E+6 -9.998E+6 –1.000E+7
75 5 –7.929E+6 –7.929E+6 –8.796E+6
245 6 –9.992E+6 –9.992E+6 –9.992E+6
26 1 2.964E–4 2.964E-4 2.964E-4
90 2 4.000E–4 4.000E-4 4.000E-4
77 3 4.000E–4 4.000E–4 4.000E–4

Y 4.000E–
A
Displacement 4 (m)
251 4 4.000E–4 4.000E–4 4.000E–4
77 5 3.443E–4 3.443E–4 3.508E–4
251 6 4.000E–4 4.000E–4 4.000E–4
19 1 1.460E–4 1.460E-4 1.460E-4
40 2 1.999E–4 1.999E-4 1.999E-4
76 3 2.000E–4 2.000E–4 2.000E–4

Z 2.000E–
H
Displacement 4 (m)
249 4 2.000E–4 2.000E–4 2.001E–4
76 5 1.721E–4 1.721E–4 1.754E–4
249 6 2.000E–4 2.000E–4 2.000E–4

Simcenter Simcenter
Grid Bench Test Simcenter Nastran
Result Point Nastran Nastran
Point Value # SOL 402
SOL 101 SOL 401
5 1 7.449E-6 7.449E-6 7.449E-6
5 2 1.508E–5 1.508E-5 1.508E-5
75 3 1.500E–5 1.500E–5 1.500E–5

X F or - 1.500E-
Displacement G 5 (m)
245 4 1.503E–5 1.505E-5 1.511E-5
75 5 1.005E–5 1.005E–5 1.046E–5
245 6 1.503E–5 1.503E–5 1.503E–5
8 1 –6.262E–6 -6.262E-6 -6.262E-6
8 2 –1.505E–5 -1.505E-5 -1.505E-5
73 3 –1.500E–5 –1.500E–5 –1.500E–5

X D or - -1.500E-
Displacement E 5 (m)
241 4 –1.503E–5 -1.505E-5 -1.511E-5
73 5 –1.005E–5 –1.005E–5 –1.046E–5
241 6 –1.503E–5 –1.503E–5 –1.503E–5
References
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick plate with pressure and transverse bending. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV09/89 from Guide de validation des

Input Files
sslv09c.dat (Test 3)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
Test 1
● 25 parabolic linear brick (CHEXA) elements
● 228 grid points
● λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2
● 36 grid points
● λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 3
● 150 linear pyramid solid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in
test 1 into 6 pyramid elements

Test 2 is done using CQUAD4 elements with the thicknesses specified in the physical property
table.
Boundary Conditions
● AB and AD sides: clamped

● BC and DC sides: symmetry
● Load case 1:
Pressure p = 1E+6 Pascals in –Z direction
● Load case 2: Point C
Grid Point force F = 1E+6 N in –Z direction

Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics

Results
Test Case 1 (z displacement at location C)
Test Part Grid Load Reference
Analytical Nastran Nastran Nastran
Case Name Point Case FEM
SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
-6.552E- -7.620E- -7.379E-05

Pressure -7.379E-05 -7.359E-5
05 05
1 10 242
-2.915E- -4.300E- -3.684E-04
Force -3.684E-04 -3.662E-4
04 04

SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
-5.242E- -5.383E- -5.267E-04

Pressure -5.266E-04 -5.234E-4
04 04
20 1242
-2.332E- -2.535E- -2.456E-03
Force -2.456E-03 -2.425E-3
03 03
-8.190E- -8.029E- -7.935E-03

Pressure -7.935E-03 -7.782E-3
03 03
50 2242
-3.643E- -3.574E- -3.603E-02
Force -3.602E-02 -3.463E-2
02 02
-2.764E- -2.690E- -2.666E-02

Pressure -2.665E-02 -2.598E-2
02 02
75 3242
-1.230E- -1.184E- -1.206E-01
Force -1.206E-01 -1.144E-1
01 01
-6.552E- -6.339E- -6.306E-02

Pressure -6.305E-02 -6.122E-2
02 02
100 4242
-2.915E- -2.779E- -2.849E-01
Force -2.849E-01 -2.681E-1
01 01
-6.552E- -7.866E- -7.768E-05

Pressure -8.131E-05 -7.768E-5
05 05
10 1
-2.915E- -4.109E- -3.799E-04
Force -4.050E-04 -3.799E-4
04 04
-5.242E- -5.557E- -5.479E-04

2 Pressure -5.775E-04 -5.479E-4
04 04
20 1036
-2.332E- -2.595E- -2.471E-03
Force -2.668E-03 -2.471E-3
03 03
-8.190E- -8.348E- -8.228E-03

50 2036 Pressure -8.669E-03 -8.228E-3
03 03

SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
-3.643E- -3.745E- -3.608E-02

Force -3.878E-02 -3.608E-2
02 02
-2.764E- -2.805E- -2.765E-02

Pressure -2.906E-02 -2.765E-2
02 02
75 3036
-1.230E- -1.253E- -1.208E-01
Force -1.292E-01 -1.208E-1
01 01
-6.552E- -6.639E- -6.544E-02

Pressure -6.864E-02 -6.544E-2
02 02
100 4036
-2.915E- -2.958E- -2.857E-01
Force -3.042E-01 -2.857E-1
01 01
-6.552E- -7.620E- -7.491E-05 -7.491E-05

Pressure -7.491E-05
05 05
10 242
-2.915E- -4.300E- -3.736E-04 -3.736E-04
Force -3.736E-04
04 04
-5.242E- -5.383E- -5.342E-04 -5.342E-04

Pressure -5.342E-04
04 04
20 1242
-2.332E- -2.535E- -2.458E-03 -2.458E-03
Force -2.458E-03
03 03
3
-8.190E- -8.029E- -7.875E-03 -7.875E-03
Pressure -7.875E-03
03 03
50 2242
-3.643E- -3.574E- -3.470E-02 -3.470E-02
Force -3.470E-02
02 02
-2.764E- -2.690E- -2.605E-02 -2.605E-02

Pressure -2.605E-02
02 02
75 3242
-1.230E- -1.184E- -1.135E-01 -1.135E-01
Force -1.135E-01
01 01

SOL 101 SOL 401 SOL 402
-6.552E- -6.339E- -6.068E-02 -6.068E-02

Pressure -6.068E-02
02 02
100 4242
-2.915E- -2.779E- -2.626E-01 -2.626E-01
Force -2.626E-01
01 01
References
Mechanical Structures – Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis

Lumped Mass-Spring System
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis of an elastic link with lumped mass. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLD02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input File
sdld02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant
● 8 lumped mass (CONM2) elements

● 9 spring (CBUSH) elements
● 8 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Clamp points A and B

● Other points:
ν=0;θ=0
Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Modes

Results
Frequency Results (Hz)
Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
1 5.527 5.527
2 10.89 10.89
3 15.92 15.92
4 20.46 20.46

5 24.38 24.38
6 27.57 27.57
7 29.91 29.91
8 31.35 31.35
Mode Shapes Results
The mode shapes results are exact. The multiplication coefficient is 3.162.
Normal Mode Point Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
1 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 0.3030 0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 0.4642 0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468
P6 0.4082 0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 0.1612 0.05100
8 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 –0.3030 –0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 –0.4642 –0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468

Normal Mode Point Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
P6 –0.4082 –0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 –0.1612 –0.05100
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD02/89, p. 178.
Short Beam on Simple Supports

This test is a modal analysis of a straight short beam with simple supports both inline and offset.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL01/89 from Guide de validation
des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input Files
sdll01a.dat (Test 1)
sdll01b.dat (Test 2)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3


● 11 grid points
Boundary Conditions
Problem 1
● Point A (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.
● Point B (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.
● All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
● No load case.
Problem 2
● Point C (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.
● Point D (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.
● All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
● No load case.

Solution Type

Results
Problem 1: Frequency results (Hz)
Bending 1 431.6 437.2
Tension 1 1266. 1265.
Bending 2 1498. 1539.
Bending 3 2871. 2925.
Tension 2 3798. 3763.
Bending 4 4378. 4328.
Mode Number Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
1 392.8 398.5
2 902.2 927.3
3 1592. 1666.
4 2629. 2815.
5 3126. 3266.
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL01/89.

Axial Loading on a Rod
This test is a modal analysis of a simply-supported beam with stress stiffening. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
Input Files
sdll05a.dat
sdll05b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2E+11 Pa
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3

● 11 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Points A: u = v = 0

● Points B: v = 0
● Load case 2 (grid point 2): Fx = 1E+5N in –X direction
● Stress stiffening on
Solution Type

Results
Frequency results (Hz)
Load Case Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
1 Bending 1 28.70 28.68
Bending 2 114.8 114.4
2 Bending 1 22.43 22.40
Bending 2 109.1 108.7
References

Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam with a variable section. It provides the
Input Files
sdll09a.dat
sdll09b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2 x 1011 Pa
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3
● 10 tapered beam (CBEAM) elements

● 11 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Clamp point A
● No load case
Solution Type

Results
β Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
4 1 54.18 54.24
2 171.9 172.4
3 384.4 384.9
4 697.2 695.4

β Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
5 1112. 1104.
5 1 56.55 56.59
2 175.8 176.3
3 389.0 389.5
4 702.4 700.6
5 1118. 1109.
References
Thin Circular Ring

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input File
sdll11.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
● E = 7.2E+10 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 2700 kg/m3

● 36 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Free conditions
● Create one constraint set (kinematic DOF) to fully constrain the three grid points shown
below (grid points 7, 21, 30).
● No load case

Solution Type

Results
Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran ADS #
Plane mode 1,2,3 0 0 1.000, 2.000, 3.000
Plane mode 4,5 318.4 319.0 7.000, 8.000
Plane mode 6,7 900.5 900.9 11.00, 12.00
Plane mode 8,9 1727. 1724. 15.00, 16.00
Plane mode 10,11 2792. 2781. 17.00, 18.00
Transverse Mode
0 0 4.000, 5.000, 6.000
1,2,3
Transverse Mode 4,5 511.0 511.0 9.000, 10.00
Transverse Mode 6,7 1590. 1585. 13.00, 14.00
Transverse Mode 8,9 3184. 3159. 19.00, 20.00

References
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL12/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Input File
sdll12.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 7.2E+10 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 2700 kg/m3

● 29 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Points A and B: Clamped in local coordinate system

● No load case
Solution Type

Results
1 235.3 235.9
2 575.3 575.2
3 1106. 1103.
4 1406. 1399.
5 1751. 1743.
6 2557. 2536.
7 2802. 2723.
References
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam, and a thin curved beam. It provides the

Input Files
sdll14a.dat (test 1, L=0)
sdll14b.dat (test 2, L=0.6)
sdll14c.dat (test 3, L=2.0)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3
● L = 0 or L = 0.6:
18 linear beam (CBAR) elements
19 grid points
● L = 2:
28 linear beam (CBAR) elements
29 grid points
Two of the meshes are shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
● Clamp points C and D

● Point A: v = 0; w = 0
● Point B: u = 0; w = 0
Solution Type

Results
Simcenter
L Normal Mode Bench Value ADS#
Nastran
0 Transverse 1 44.23 44.07 1.000
Plane 1 119.0 119.2 2.000
Transverse 2 125.0 125.4 3.000
Plane 2 227.0 225.0 4.000
0.6000 Transverse 1 33.40 33.15 1.000

Simcenter
L Normal Mode Bench Value ADS#
Nastran
Plane 1 94.00 94.42 2.000
Transverse 2 100.0 98.50 3.000
Plane 2 180.0 183.7 4.000
2.000 Transverse 1 17.90 17.65 1.000
Plane 1 24.80 24.40 3.000
Transverse 2 25.30 24.94 2.000
Plane 2 27.00 26.67 4.000
References
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam and a lumped mass. It provides the

Input Files
sdll15a.dat
sdll15b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3
Test 1:
● 10 linear beam (CBEAM) elements
● 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C
● 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C
● 11 grid points
Test 2:
● 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C

● 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C
● 11 grid points
The mesh both tests is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● Clamp point A
Solution Type
SOL 103 normal mode dynamics – SVI

Results
yc Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
0 Transverse 1,2 1.650 1.650
Transverse 3,4 16.07 15.88
Transverse 5,6 50.02 48.64
Tension 1 76.47 76.42
Torsion 1 80.47 80.68

yc Normal Mode Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
Transverse 7,8 103.2 97.89
1 1 1.636 1.633
2 1.642 1.638
3 13.46 13.36
4 13.59 13.59
5 28.90 29.20
6 31.96 31.57
7 61.61 59.85
8 63.93 61.72
Mode shapes results
Normal Simcenter
yc Modal Displacement Bench Value
Mode Nastran
1 1 wc/wb 1.030 1.030
2 uc/vb 0.1480 –0.1480
3 uc/vb 2.882 –2.904
4 wc/wb –0.9220 –0.9800
● wc = z displacement at point C
● wb = z displacement at point B
● uc = x displacement at point C
● vb = y displacement at point B
References

Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free)
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS01/89 from Guide de validation des
Input Files
sdls01a.dat
sdls01b.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3

● 121 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● Problem 1: AB side clamped

● Problem 2: Free plate; 1 kinematic DOF set (grid points 1, 11, 111)
Solution Type

Results

1 8.727 8.638
2 21.30 20.89
3 53.55 52.42
4 68.30 65.77
5 77.74 75.14
6 136.0 127.8
7 33.71 32.91
8 49.46 47.42
9 61.05 59.19
10,11 87.52 83.08
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS01/89.
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate


Input Files
sdls03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3

● 176 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Z-displacement = 0 on all sides of the plate

● One DOF set

● No load case
Solution Type

Results
1 35.63 35.27
2 68.51 67.29
3 109.6 108.5
4 123.3 120.8
5 142.5 138.2
6 197.3 188.2
References

Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub
● Re = 0.1 m
● Ri = 0.2 m
● Thickness = .001 m
Input Files
sdls04.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3

● 440 grid points

Boundary Conditions
● If r = Ri: Clamp in local coordinate system.

● No load case.
Solution Type

Results

1 79.26 79.22
2,3 81.09 80.72
4,5 89.63 88.83
6,7 112.8 111.3
8,9 Not available 152.7
18 518.9 510.9
19,20 528.6 519.7
21,22 559.1 546.2
23 609.7 590.3
References
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a cylindrical thin
shell. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS05/89 from Guide de

● α = 0.5 rad
● AD = L = 0.3048m
● r = 2L = 0.6096m
● thickness = 3.048 x 10–3 m
Input Files
sdls05a.dat (coarse mesh)
sdls05b.dat (fine mesh)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.0685E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7857.2 kg/m3
Finite Element Modeling – Coarse Mesh

● 121 grid points
The coarse mesh is shown in the following figure:

Finite Element Modeling – Fine Mesh

● 256 grid points
The fine mesh is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● AD side: Clamped in local coordinate system.


Solution Type

Results
Simcenter Nastran Simcenter Nastran fine

Normal Mode Bench Value
coarse mesh mesh
1 85.60 84.60 85.30
2 134.5 137.1 137.8
3 259.0 240.7 243.9
4 351.0 333.3 338.1
5 395.0 370.0 378.3
6 531.0 503.7 515.4
References
Bending of a Symmetric Truss

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (plane problem) of a straight cantilever beam
structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX01/89 from Guide de

● h = 0.0048 m
● b = 0.029 m
● A = 1.392 x 10–4 m2
● Iz = 2.673 x 10–10 m4
Input File
sdlx01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg/m3

● 24 grid points

Boundary Conditions

Solution Type

Results
1 8.800 8.769

2 29.40 29.34
3 43.80 43.82
4 56.30 56.25
5 96.20 95.43
6 102.6 102.5
7 147.1 146.2
8 174.8 173.1
9 178.8 177.4
10 206.0 202.9
11 266.4 262.4
12 320.0 309.7
13 335.0 321.9
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX01/89.
Hovgaard's Problem – Pipes with Flexible Elbows

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a straight
cantilever beam structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX02/89
from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

● A = 0.3439 x 10E–2 m2
● R = 0.922 m
● e = 0.00612 m
● Re = 0.0925 m
● Ri = 0.08638 m
● Iy = Iz = 0.1377x10–4 m4 (straight elements)
● Iy = Iz = 0.5887x10–5 m4 (curved elements)
Input Files
sdlx02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 1.658E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 13404.106 kg/m3

● 26 grid points

Boundary Conditions

Solution Type

Results

1 10.18 10.39
2 19.54 19.85
3 25.47 25.32
4 48.09 47.74
5 52.86 51.78
6 75.94 83.00
7 80.11 85.12
8 122.3 125.8
9 123.2 127.7
References
Rectangular Plates
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three dimensional problem) of a thin plate with
rigid body modes. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX03/89 from

Input Files
sdlx03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 2.1E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● ρ = 7800 kg / m3

● 320 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Free plate
● One DOF set

Solution Type

Results
1 584.0 577.0
2 826.0 813.0
3 855.0 844.0
4 911.0 895.0
5 1113. 1062.
6 1136. 1118.
References

Stationary Thermal Tests – Heat Transfer Analysis
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with fixed
temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA01/89 from "Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
● Re = 0.30 m
● Ri = 0.35 m
Input Files
htpla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λ = 1 W/m °C
● 5 linear axisymmetric solid CQUADX4 elements and 5 parabolic axisymmetric solid

CQUADX8 elements
● 10 linear axisymmetric solid CTRAX3 elements and 10 parabolic axisymmetric solid
CTRAX6 elements
The triangular element mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
● One temperature set:

– Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C
– External temperature Te = 20 °C
Solution Type
SOL 153 – Steady State Heat Transfer

Results
Temperature results
Simcenter Simcenter Simcenter Simcenter
Bench Value
Radius (m) Nastran (°C) Nastran (°C) Nastran (°C) Nastran (°C)
(°C)
CTRAX3 CTRAX6 CQUADX4 CQUADX8
0.3000 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0.3100 82.98 82.98 82.98 82.98 82.98
0.3200 66.51 66.51 66.51 66.51 66.51
0.3300 50.54 50.54 50.54 50.54 50.54
0.3400 35.04 35.04 35.04 35.04 35.04
0.3500 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Flux results
Bench Value Nastran Nastran Nastran Nastran
Radius (m)
(W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2)
0.3000 1730. 1702. 1711. 1702. 1702.

Radius (m)
(W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2) (W/m2)
0.3100 1674. 1675. 1674. 1675. 1675.
0.3200 1622. 1622. 1622. 1622. 1622.
0.3300 1573. 1573. 1573. 1573. 1573.
0.3400 1526. 1527. 1527. 1527. 1527.
0.3500 1483. 1505. 1497. 1504. 1504.
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA01/89.
Hollow Cylinder - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with convection. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA03/89 from "Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures."
● Re = 0.300 m
● Ri = 0.391 m

Input Files
htpla03.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λ = 40.0 W/m °C
● 11 linear axisymmetric solid CQUADX4 elements and 1 parabolic axisymmetric solid

CQUADX8 element
● 22 linear axisymmetric solid CTRAX3 elements and 2 parabolic axisymmetric solid
CTRAX6 elements
Boundary Conditions
● Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 500 °C
● Convection on external surface:
he = 142.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 20 °C
Solution Type

Results
Temperature
/ Flux
Ti (°C) 272.3 272.2 272.4 272.5 272.4
Te (°C) 205.1 204.6 204.5 204.6 204.5
φi (W/m2) 3.416E4 3.20E4 3.11E4 1.56E4 2.98E4
φe (W/m2) 2.628E4 2.77E4 2.85E4 1.56E4 2.98E4
φ/l=φ*2*π*R
So: φ / l= 34173.82 * 2 * π * 0.300 = 64416.13 W/m
References
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric rod with fixed temperatures
and flux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA05/89 from
"Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Input Files
htpla05.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
● λ = 33.33 W/m °C
● 40 linear axisymmetric solid CTRAX3 elements

● 20 linear axisymmetric solid CQUADX4 elements
The quadrilateral element mesh is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
● z=0
Set temperature to 0 °C
● z=1
● Cylindrical surface
Set flux to –200 W/m2

Solution Type
SOL 153 – Steady State Heat transfer

Temperature results (°C)
Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
Grid Point # z (m) Bench value Nastran
(CQUADX4)
(CTRAX3)
Grid point 3 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Grid point 41 0.1000 -4.000 -4.020 -4.020
Grid point 39 0.2000 4.000 3.980 3.980
Grid point 37 0.3000 24.00 23.97 23.97
Grid point 35 0.4000 56.00 55.97 55.97
Grid point 33 0.5000 100.0 99.97 99.97
Grid point 31 0.6000 156.0 156.0 156.0
Grid point 29 0.7000 224.0 224.0 224.0
Grid point 27 0.8000 304.0 304.0 304.0
Grid point 25 0.9000 396.0 396.0 396.0

Simcenter
Simcenter Nastran
Grid Point # z (m) Bench value Nastran
(CQUADX4)
(CTRAX3)
Grid point 4 1.000 500.0 500.0 500.0
Results are post-processed on the internal surface. Simcenter Nastran does not make the
approximation, T = cte when r is fixed.
References
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with two materials
and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA08/89 from
"Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
● Ri = 0.30 m
● Rm = 0.35 m
● Re = 0.37 m
Input Files
htpla08.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
● Material 1: λ1 = 40.0 W/m °C

● 14 linear axisymmetric solid CTRAX3 elements

● 7 linear axisymmetric solid CQUADX4 elements
Boundary Conditions
● Convection on internal surface

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C
● Convection on external surface
he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –15 °C
Solution Type

Results
Simcenter Simcenter
Temperature Bench
Grid point # Nastran Nastran
Flux Value
(CTRAX3) (CQUADX4)
Grid point 9 Ti (°C) 25.42 25.45 25.45
Grid point 14 Tm (°C) 17.69 17.68 17.68

Simcenter Simcenter
Temperature Bench
Grid point # Nastran Nastran
Flux Value
(CTRAX3) (CQUADX4)
Grid point 16 Te (°C) 12.11 12.09 12.11
Grid point 9 φi (W/m2) 6687. 6609. 6558.
Grid point 14 φm (W/m2) 5732. 5768. 5733.
Grid point 16 φe (W/m2) 5422. 5497. 5497.
φ/l = φ * 2 * π * R
So: φ/l= 5733.33 * 2 * π * 0.35 = 12608.25 W/m
References
Wall-Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed convection. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL03/89 from "Guide de validation des
Input Files
htpl03.dat
Units
SI

Material Properties
● λ = 1.0 W/m °C
● 1 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) element

● 4 grid points
The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.
Boundary Conditions

hA = 20.0 W/m2 °C
TA = –20.0 °C
● Convection on external surface
hB = 10.0 W/m2 °C
TB = 500.0 °C
● Convection coefficient is defined as
energy / (length * time * temperature) in the current system of units.

Solution Type

Results
Grid point # Temperature/Flux Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
Grid point 2 TA (°C) 21.71 21.71
Grid point 4 TB (°C) 416.6 416.6
Grid point 1 (W/m2) 834.2 834.3
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL03/89.
Wall-Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed temperatures. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL01/89 from "Guide de validation des

Input Files
htpl01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λ = 0.75 W/m °C

● 6 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C

● External temperature Te = 20 °C

Solution Type

Results
Grid point # Length: x (m) Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
Grid point 1 0 100.0 100.0
Grid point 3 0.01000 84.00 84.00
Grid point 4 0.02000 68.00 68.00
Grid point 5 0.03000 52.00 52.00
Grid point 6 0.04000 36.00 36.00
Grid point 2 0.05000 20.00 20.00
The flux φ calculated with Simcenter Nastran is exact:

φ = 1200 Ω / μ2
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL01/89.
L-Plate
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D L-plate with fixed temperatures. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP01/89 from "Guide de validation des

Input Files
htpp01a.dat - linear quadrilateral thin shell elements
htpp01b.dat - parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λ = 1.0 W/m °C
● Test 1 – 12 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

● Test 2 – 12 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

Boundary Conditions
● AF side
● DE side
Solution Type
SOL153 – Steady State Heat Transfer

Results
Temperature Results (°C)
Simcenter Nastran Simcenter Nastran
Node Bench Value
CQUAD4 CQUAD8
5 9.009 8.996 8.961
6 6.667 6.667 6.667
8 7.869 7.861 7.883
9 5.495 5.502 5.519
10 2.816 2.845 2.834
14 9.316 9.294 9.283
15 8.640 8.661 8.669
16 2.972 2.990 2.963
17 8.514 8.505 8.519
18 5.680 5.669 5.666
19 8.018 8.025 8.015
20 2.881 2.959 2.877
21 9.001 9.015 9.108

References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP01/89.
Orthotropic Square
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a square plate with orthotropic conduction and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP02/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
Input Files
htpp02.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λx = 1.00 W/m °C
● λx =.75 W/m °C

● 121 grid points
The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.

Boundary Conditions
● Flux density φy = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1. (Entry)

● Flux density φy = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1. (Exit)
● Convection on the faces X = –0.1 and x = 0.1:
– h = 15.0 W/m2 °C
● Linear variation of the external temperatures:
– Te = 30 – 80y on the face x = –0.1
– Te = 15 – 80y on the face x = 0.1
● Convection coefficient is defined as:
– Energy / (length * time * temperature)
● Flux density is defined as:
– Energy / (length * time) in the current system of units

Solution Type

Results
Temperature Results
Point Bench Value (°C) Simcenter Nastran (°C)
0 22.50 22.50
A 35.00 34.80
B 26.00 25.80
C 10.00 10.20
D 19.00 19.20
E 30.50 30.50
F 18.00 18.00
G 14.50 14.50
H 27.00 27.00

Flux Results (W/m2)
Grid Point Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
61 X 45.00 45.00
61 Y 60.00 59.55
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP02/89.
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with fixed temperatures and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV02/89 from "Guide de
● Ri = 0.30 m
● Re = 0.35 m
Input Files
htpv02.dat (CHEXA and CPENTA)
htpv02p.dat (CPYRAM and CPENTA)
Units
SI

Material Properties
● λ = 1 W/m °C
Test 1: Brick and wedge element test

● 500 linear brick (CHEXA) and linear wedge (CPENTA) elements
● 766 grid points
The test is executed on 1/8 mapped meshed sphere.
Test 2: Pyramid and wedge element test

into 6 pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
Boundary Conditions

hi = 30 W/m2 °C
Ti = 100 °C
● Set external surface temperature Te to 20 °C
The load sets are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

Results
Simcenter
Test Radius r (m) Bench Value
Nastran
Test 1 0.3000 65.00 64.88
Test 2 0.3000 65.00 64.86
Test 1 0.3100 54.84 54.75
Test 2 0.3100 54.84 54.72
Test 1 0.3200 45.31 45.25
Test 2 0.3200 45.31 45.23
Test 1 0.3300 36.36 36.33
Test 2 0.3300 36.36 36.30
Test 1 0.3400 27.94 27.92
Test 2 0.3400 27.94 27.91
Test 1 0.3500 20.00 20.00
Test 2 0.3500 20.00 20.00

Flux results (W/m 2): (X-direction)
Simcenter
Test Radius r (m) Bench Value
Nastran
Test 1 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 2 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 1 0.3100 983.4 981.4
Test 2 0.3100 983.4 981.6
Test 1 0.3200 922.9 921.2
Test 2 0.3200 922.9 921.3
Test 1 0.3300 867.5 866.3
Test 2 0.3300 867.5 866.3
Test 1 0.3400 817.5 816.3
Test 2 0.3400 817.5 816.1
Test 1 0.3500 771.4 792.4
Test 2 0.3500 771.4 792.1
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV02/89.
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with two materials and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV04/89 from "Guide de

● Ri = 0.30 m
● Rm = 0.35 m
● Re = 0.37 m
Input Files
htpv04a.dat (CHEXA and CPENTA elements)
htpv04b.dat (CTETRA elements)
htpv04c.dat (CTRAX6 elements)
htpv04p.dat (CPYRAM and CPENTA elements)
Units
SI
Material Properties

● Test 1 - 700 linear brick (CHEXA) and linear wedge (CPENTA) elements
● Test 2 - 2192 parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements
● Test 3 - 8 parabolic axisymmetric (CTRAX6) elements
● Test 4- Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in
test 1 into 6 pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.
The test is executed on a 1/8 meshed sphere

Boundary Conditions
● Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C
● Convection on external surface:
he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –9 °C

Solution Type

Results
Temperature Results
Temperature Bench CHEXA & CPYRAM &
CTETRA CTRAX6
/ Flux Value CPENTA CPENTA
Ti (°C) 25.06 N1 25.02 N19 25.06 N1 24.98 N1 23.66
Tm (°C) 17.84 N556 17.84 N9 17.84 N6 17.72 N556 16.26
Te (°C) 13.16 N778 13.18 N5 13.15 N4 13.17 N778 13.85
φi (W/m2) 6741. N1 6487. N19 5865. E6 6390. N1 6683.
φm (W/m2) 4952. N556 4931. N9 4765. E10 4819. N556 5080.
φe (W/m2) 4431. N778 4531. N5 4551. E13 4508. N778 4669.
φ = φ * 4 * π * R2
So: φ = 4931.20 * 4 * π * 0.352 = 7590.00 W
Flux is in the x direction
References

Thermo-mechanical Tests – Linear Statics Analysis
Orthotropic Cube
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D cube with convection and flux density. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV07/89 from "Guide de validation des
Input Files
htpv07.dat (CHEXA)
htpv07p.dat (CPYRAM)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● λx = 1.00 W/m °C
● λy = 0.75 W/m °C
● λz = 0.50 W/m °C
Test 1: Brick element test

● 729 grid points

Test 2: Pyramid element test
● 3072 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test
1 into 6 pyramid elements.
Boundary Conditions
● Flux density φy = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1 (Entry)

● Flux density φy = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1 (Exit)
● Flux density φz = 30 W/m2 for face z = –0.1 (Entry)
● Flux density φz = –30 W/m2 for face z = 0.1 (Exit)
● Convection on the faces x = –0.1 and x = 0.1:
–h = 15.0 W/m2 °C
● Linear variation of the external temperatures:
–Te = 30 – 80y – 60z on the face x = –0.1
–Te = 15 – 80y – 60z on the face x = 0.1

Solution Type

Results
Simcenter
Test Point Bench Value
Nastran
Test1 A 35.00 34.70
Test2 A 35.00 34.70
Test1 B 26.00 25.70
Test2 B 26.00 25.70
Test1 C 10.00 10.30
Test2 C 10.00 10.30
Test1 D 19.00 19.30
Test2 D 19.00 19.30
Test1 S 30.50 30.40
Test2 S 30.50 30.40
Test1 F 18.00 18.00
Test2 F 18.00 18.00
Test1 M 14.50 14.60
Test2 M 14.50 14.60
Test1 H 27.00 27.00
Test2 H 27.00 27.00
Test1 N 29.00 29.00

Simcenter
Test Point Bench Value
Nastran
Test2 N 29.00 29.00
Test1 P 20.00 20.00
Test2 P 20.00 20.00
Test1 J 4.000 4.600
Test2 J 4.000 4.590
Test1 I 13.00 13.60
Test2 I 13.00 13.60
Test1 E 16.50 16.60
Test2 E 16.50 16.60
Test1 R 41.00 40.40
Test2 R 41.00 40.40
Test1 Q 32.00 31.40
Test2 Q 32.00 31.40
Test1 K 16.00 16.00
Test2 K 16.00 16.00
Test1 L 25.00 25.00
Test2 L 25.00 25.00
Test1 G 28.50 28.40
Test2 G 28.50 28.40

References
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe

This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin pipe with thermal gradient and
plane strain. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLA01/89 from "Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
● Ri = 0.020 m
● Re = 0.025 m
Input Files
hsla01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 1.0E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● Coefficient of expansion: α = 1.0E-5 /°C
● 1000 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRAX3) elements

● 500 linear axisymmetric solid (CQUADX4) elements
The quadrilateral element mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
● Articulate AB side
𝑟−𝑅𝑖
● Radial temperature 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑖 (1 − 𝑅 ) with Ti = 100 °C, and Te = 0 °C.
𝑒 −𝑅𝑖
Solution Type
SOL 101 Linear statics

Results

Simcenter Simcenter
Bench Value Nastran Nastran
Point Stress
(Pa) (Pa) (Pa)
(CTRAX3) (CQUADX4)
r = Ri σr 0 –14.03E+6 –0.848E+6
σθ –74.07E+6 –79.84E+6 –74.26E+6
r = (Re + Ri) / 2 σr –3.950E+6 –3.908E+6 –3.890E+6
σθ 1.306E+6 1.469E+6 1.390E+6
r = Re σr 0 –11.31E+6 –0.649E+6
σθ 68.78E+6 73.69E+6 68.48E+6
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLA01/89.
Simply-Supported Arch
This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin curved beam with thermal
gradient and articulation. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLL01/89
from "Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."
● R = 10 m
● A = 144E-4 m2
● I = 1.728E-5 m4
Beam cross section:

Input Files
hsll01.dat
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 0.2E+11 Pa
● ν = 0.3
● Coefficient of expansion: α = 11.0E-6 /C°

● 51 grid points
Boundary Conditions
● Articulate point A and B

● Top temperature Ts = 160 °C

● Middle temperature Tm = 100 °C
● Bottom temperature Ti = 40 °C
Solution Type

Results
Point Force Moment Bench Value Simcenter Nastran
θ = π/2 M 0 4.040 e–5
N 0 15.10
T –479.2 –527.6
θ = π/4 M 3388. 3729.
N –338.8 –373.2
T –338.8 –373.2
θ=0 M 4792. 5277.
N –479.2 527.5
T 0 15.00
Post Processing
List the beam forces
● M - Z bending moment
● N - axial force

● T - Y shear force
References
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLL01/89.

Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using
NAFEMS Test Cases
The purpose of this section is to verify the accuracy and robustness of Simcenter Nastran. The
plasticity verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional,
Small Strain, Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. (See Reference.)
To perform the tests, input data is applied to single elements including plane strain elements,
plane stress elements, , and solid elements. Results are tabulated and compared to results
published by NAFEMS.
The plasticity verification includes perfect plasticity and isotropic hardening tests. Within these
categories, results for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests are provided.
Understanding the Verification Format
The format for the nonlinear section of the Solver Verification document looks somewhat
different from the linear section. Each test case in this section provides a brief description of the
test including input data. The results are then displayed in the form of a graph comparing
Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear results published by NAFEMS for the same test case.
Reference
The following reference has been used in the Simcenter Nastran Plasticity verification problems:
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite
Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987.
Test Cases
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests
This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed
uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain
elements:
● Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements – SOL 106
● Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements – SOL 106
● Linear triangle (CPLSTN3) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Linear quadrilateral (CPLSTN4) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic triangle (CPLSTN6) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic quadrilateral (CPLSTN8) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.

Input Files
nlspls89.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
nlspls90.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106(CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
s401ux0pn3.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 401(CPLSTN3)
s401bx0pn3.dat (biaxial) – SOL 401(CPLSTN3)
s402ux0psn.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTN3/CPLSTN4/CPLSTN6/CPLSTN8)
s402bx0psn.dat (biaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTN3/CPLSTN4/CPLSTN6/CPLSTN8)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0
● H = 0.0
● εo = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time.

These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history
of the applied conditions.
Results
Uniaxial Displacement Test – Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for all elements. The graph shows the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear
test results compared with NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ
1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
10 increments per strain history step
Biaxial Displacement Test – Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.
SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ
1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D–00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D–00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D–00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
6 0D+00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D+00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00
10 increments per strain history step – SOL 106

20 increments per strain history step – SOL 401 and SOL 402
References
Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.3-2.25.
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed
elements:
● Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements– SOL 106 Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements–
SOL 106 Linear triangle (CPLSTN3) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Linear quadrilateral (CPLSTN4) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic triangle (CPLSTN6) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic quadrilateral (CPLSTN8) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
displacement tests.

Input Files
nlspls91.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
nlspls92.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
s402ux1psn.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTN3/CPLSTN4/CPLSTN6/CPLSTN8)
s402bx1psn.dat (biaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTN3/CPLSTN4/CPLSTN6/CPLSTN8)
Units
Inch
Attributes
Load Control
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0
● H = 62500.0
Boundary Conditions

Results
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the Simcenter Nastran
Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with isotropic
hardening.

SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D–00 0D+00 0D+00

test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test result for plane strain with isotropic hardening.
SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ
1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D+00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
6 0D–00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D–00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D–00 0D–00 0D+00

References
Element Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.26 - 2.35.
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests

elements:
● Linear triangle (CPLSTS3) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Linear quadrilateral (CPLSTS4) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic triangle (CPLSTS6) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic quadrilateral (CPLSTS8) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:

Input Files
nlspls61_64.dat (uniaxial test) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
nlspls65_68.dat (biaxial test) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
s401ux0ps3.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 401(CPLSTS3)
s401bx0ps3.dat (biaxial) – SOL 401(CPLSTS3)
s402ux0pss.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTS3/CPLSTS4/CPLSTS6/CPLSTS8)
s402bx0pss.dat (biaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTS3/CPLSTS4/CPLSTS6/CPLSTS8)
Units
Inch
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0
● H = 0.0
● ϵo = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions

Results
test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane stress with perfect plasticity.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2538D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1835D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.1128D–4

test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
History
Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ
Stage
1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2528D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.4284D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.6513D–4
5 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.5035D–4
6 0D–00 0.1872D–4 -0.3871D–4
7 0D–00 0D–00 -0.1867D–4


References
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

uniaxial and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the following plane
stress elements:
● Linear triangle (CPLSTS3) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Linear quadrilateral (CPLSTS4) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic triangle (CPLSTS6) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
● Parabolic quadrilateral (CPLSTS8) elements – SOL 401 and SOL 402
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:

Input Files
nlspls71_74.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
nlspls75_78.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CTRIA3/CQUAD4 elements)
s402ux1pss.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTS3/CPLSTS4/CPLSTS6/CPLSTS8)
s402bx1pss.dat (biaxial) – SOL 402(CPLSTS3/CPLSTS4/CPLSTS6/CPLSTS8)
Units
Inch
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0
● H = 62500.0
● εo = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)
Boundary Conditions
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of
the applied conditions.

Results
Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1555D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.8619D–5

Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
History
Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ
Stage
1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.3569D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.5406D–4
5 0.2080D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.4712D–4
6 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.4102D–4
7 0D–00 0.2080D–4 -0.3408D–4
8 0D–00 0D–00 -0.2715D–4

References
Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests

uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid linear brick
element (CHEXA8, 8 grid points) and the parabolic brick element (CHEXA20, 20 grid points).
.
Input Files
nlspls08a.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls08ahpb.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
nlspls08b.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls08bhpb.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
nlspls08c.dat (triaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls08chpb.dat (triaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
s401ux0h8.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 401 (CHEXA8)
s401bx0h8.dat (biaxial) – SOL 401 (CHEXA8)
s401tx0h8.dat (triaxial) – SOL 401 (CHEXA8)
s402bx0h8.dat (triaxial) – SOL 402 (CHEXA8)
Units
Inch
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0

● H = 0.0
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the linear and parabolic brick (CHEXA) element and the boundary
conditions applied to it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time.

Results
1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
1 increment per strain history step – SOL 106

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element.
The graph shows the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS
test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Triaxial Displacement Test – Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element.
test results.
SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5
10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E– 5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

References
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests

uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid linear brick
element (CHEXA8, 8 grid points) and the parabolic brick element (CHEXA20, 20 grid points).

Input Files
nlspls09a.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls09ahpb.dat (uniaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
nlspls09b.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls09bhpb.dat (biaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
nlspls09c.dat (triaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA8)
nlspls09chpb.dat (triaxial) – SOL 106 (CHEXA20)
Units
Inch
Material Properties
● E = 250000.0
● ν = 0.25
● σy = 5.0
● H = 62500.0
Boundary Conditions
The following figure shows the linear and parabolic brick element and the boundary conditions
applied to it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time.

Results
The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element.
test results.
SOL 106 Results
SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

Triaxial Displacement Test – Applied Strain History
The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element.
test results.
SOL 106 Results

SOL 401 Results

SOL 402 Results
1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5

10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E–5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

References
Shell Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including uniformly
distributed loading. The tests were run on 2D parabolic shell elements (CQUAD8) in SOL 401
and SOL 402.
Input Files
s401qtrplate1.dat (with Simply Supported Edges) – SOL 401
s402qtrplate1.dat (with Simply Supported Edges) – SOL 402
s401qtrplate2.dat (with Clamped Edges) – SOL 401
s402qtrplate2.dat (with Clamped Edges) – SOL 402
Units
mm
Material Properties
● E = 30000.0
● ν = 0.3
● σy = 30.0
● H = 0.0

Boundary Conditions
There are two different boundary conditions. One is with simply supported Edges (see Fig.(a)).
The edges are supported on frictionless knife edges. Another is with Clamped Edges where all
edge freedoms are restrained (see Fig.(b)). Uniformly distribution load of pressure is applied
over whole area.
(a) (b)
Quarter sysmmety model with 4*4 mesh of 8-nodeds quadratic isoprameteric thick shell
elements is used. The number of layers used to integrate through the thickness is defined as
NLAYERS=9.
Results
The graph shows the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear SOL 401 and 402 compared to NAFEMS test
results at the centre of plate (Node 63).

Simply Supported Edges
Clamped Edges
References
Linkens, D. A. Selected benchmarks for material non-linearity. Volume 1, pp. 19-20. NAFEMS, 1993.

Torsional Creep of A Circular Shaft - Relaxation at Constant Twist
This test is a material nonlinear analysis of a circular shaft with solid brick and wedge elements
(20-noded CHEXA and 15-node CPENTA). This document provides the input data and results
for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL1A.
Test attributes:
● Long prismatic circular shaft, no warping deflection
● Uniform twist held constant in time:
0.01 radians / unit length from time 0.0 to 100.0
● Creep relaxation (“displacement control”)
● 1-dimensional stress field
● Power law creep
Input Files
s401trscrpcir_const- SOL401
s402trscrpcir_const- SOL402
Units
SI
Material Properties
● Young’s modulus E = 10 N / m2
● Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.3
5
● Creep law 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = 10000𝜎𝑒𝑞
where 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = equivalent creep strain rate
𝜎𝑒𝑞 = equivalent stress (Mises)

- 11.25o wedge-shaped sector of shaft

- Four 20-noded quadratic brick elements and one 15-noded quadratic wedge element
- Warping constrained on bottom face
- In-plane suppressions on bottom face
- Prescribed in-plane displacements at all other nodes
Boundary Conditions
● x = y = z = 0 at bottom face;
● all nodes on top face rotated along with top Z-axis node with constant angle 0.002 rad;
● all nodes on middle face rotated along with middle Z-axis node with constant angle 0.001
rad.

Solution Type
SOL 401 - Material Nonlinear1

• Loading method - displacement control
Results
Graphs of Results
SOL401 Results
● Equivalent Total Strain/Elastic Strain/Creep Strain
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
Strain
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time
NAFEM Total Strain NAFEM Elastic Strain NAFEM Creep Strain
SOL401 Total Strain SOL401 Elastic Strain SOL401 Creep Strain

● Equivalent Stress
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
Stress
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time
NAFEM Stress SOL401 Stress

SOL402 Results
• Equivalent Total Strain/Elastic Strain/Creep Strain
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
Strain
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time

0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
Stress
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time
References
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL1A

Torsional Creep of A Circular Shaft - Forward Creep at Steady Twist Rate
This test is a material nonlinear analysis of a circular shaft with solid brick and wedge elements
(20-noded CHEXA and 15-node CPENTA). This document provides the input data and results
for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL1B.
Test attributes:
● Long prismatic circular shaft, no warping deflection
● Uniform twist steadily increasing with time:
0.02 radians / unit length / unit time from time 0.0 to 1.5
● Forward creep (“load control”)
● 1-dimensional stress field
● Power law creep
Input Files
s401trscrpcir_steady - SOL401
s402trscrpcir_steady - SOL402
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
● Creep law 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = 10000𝜎𝑒𝑞

- 11.25o wedge-shaped sector of shaft

- Four 20-noded quadratic brick elements and one 15-noded quadratic wedge element
- Warping constrained on bottom face
- Prescribed in-plane displacements at all other nodes
Boundary Conditions
● x = y = z = 0 at bottom face;
● all nodes on top face rotated along with top Z-axis node from 0.0 to 0.006 rad from time
0 to 1.5s (0.004 / unit time);
● all nodes on middle face rotated along with middle Z-axis node from 0.0 to 0.003 rad
from time 0 to 1.5s (0.002 / unit time).

Solution Type

• Loading method - load control
Results
Graphs of Results
SOL401 Results
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
Strain
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Time

0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
Stress
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Time

SOL402 Results
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
Strain
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Time

0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
Stress
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Time
References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL1B

Torsional Creep of A Square Shaft - Relaxation at Constant Twist
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a plate of solid parabolic brick element (CHEXA20, 20 grid
points). This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks
NL6A.
Test attributes:
● Long prismatic square shaft, ends free to warp
● Uniform twist held constant in time:
0.01 radians / unit length from time 0.0001 to 100
• Creep relaxation (“displacement control”)
• 2-dimensional stress field
• Power law creep with time hardening
• Unrestrained warping of cross-section
Input Files
s401trscrpsqr_const- SOL401
s402trscrpsqr_const- SOL402
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
𝜎𝑒𝑞
● Creep law 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = 10000
√𝑡
t = time

- Quarter symmetry model of short section of

shaft
- 20-noded quadratic brick elements
- Warping constrained to be identical for both

symmetry faces
- Prescribed in-plane displacements at all other

nodes (=0.002 at Point A)
Boundary Conditions
● x = y = 0 at bottom face;
● all nodes on top face rotated along with top

mid-node with constant angle 0.002 rad;

mid-node with constant angle 0.001 rad.

Solution Type

Results
Graphs of Results
SOL401 Results
● Shear YZ Total Strain/YZ Elastic Strain/YZ Creep Strain
1.80E-02
1.60E-02
1.40E-02
1.20E-02
Shear Strain YZ
1.00E-02
8.00E-03
6.00E-03
4.00E-03
2.00E-03
0.00E+00
1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02
Time


● Shear Stress YZ
6.00E-02
5.00E-02
4.00E-02
Shear Stress YZ
3.00E-02
2.00E-02
1.00E-02
0.00E+00
1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02
Time
NAFEM Shear Stress YZ SOL401 Shear Stress YZ

SOL402 Results
• Shear YZ Total Strain/YZ Elastic Strain/YZ Creep Strain
1.80E-02
1.60E-02
1.40E-02
1.20E-02
Shear Strain YZ
1.00E-02
8.00E-03
6.00E-03
4.00E-03
2.00E-03
0.00E+00
1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02
Time


● Shear Stress YZ
6.00E-02
5.00E-02
4.00E-02
Shear Stress
● Vertical
3.00E-02 displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
2.00E-02
1.00E-02
0.00E+00
1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02
Time
References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL6A

Torsional Creep of A Square Shaft - Forward Creep at Steady Twist Rate
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a plate of solid parabolic brick element (CHEXA20, 20 grid
points). This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks
NL6B.
Test attributes:
● Long prismatic square shaft, ends free to warp
● Uniform twist steadily increasing with time:
0.02 radians / unit length / unit time from time 0.0001 to 100
• Forward creep (“load control”)
• 2-dimensional stress field
• Power law creep with time hardening
• Unrestrained warping of cross-section
Input Files
s401trscrpsqr_steady - SOL401
s402trscrpsqr_steady - SOL402
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
𝜎𝑒𝑞
● Creep law 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = 10000
√𝑡
t = time

- Quarter symmetry model of short section of

shaft
- 20-noded quadratic brick elements
- Warping constrained to be identical for both

symmetry faces
- Prescribed in-plane displacements at all other

nodes (=0.002 at Point A)
Boundary Conditions
● x = y = 0 at bottom face

mid-node from 0.0 to 0.006 rad from time 0 to
1.5s (0.004 / unit time)

mid-node from 0.0 to 0.003 rad from time 0 to
1.5s (0.002 / unit time)

Solution Type

Results
Graphs of Results
SOL401 Results
5.00E-02
4.50E-02
4.00E-02
3.50E-02
Shear Strain YZ
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
2.00E-02

1.50E-02
1.00E-02
● Shear Stress YZ

5.00E-02
4.50E-02
4.00E-02
3.50E-02
Shear Stress YZ
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
2.00E-02
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
5.00E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 2.00E-01 4.00E-01 6.00E-01 8.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.20E+00 1.40E+00 1.60E+00
Time
SOL402 Results

5.00E-02
4.50E-02
4.00E-02
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
Sheare Strain YZ
2.50E-02
2.00E-02
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
5.00E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 2.00E-01 4.00E-01 6.00E-01 8.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.20E+00 1.40E+00 1.60E+00
Time
● Shear Stress YZ

5.00E-02
4.50E-02
4.00E-02
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
Shear Stress YZ
2.50E-02
2.00E-02
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
5.00E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 2.00E-01 4.00E-01 6.00E-01 8.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.20E+00 1.40E+00 1.60E+00
Time
References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL6B

Axisymmetric Elements – Plastic and Creep Tests
This article provides input data and results for a thick cylinder loaded by internal pressure and non
uniform time-varying temperature. During time=0~2 and 999~1000, Mises isotropic hardening
plasticity is active; while during the other time period, Norton-Bailey time hardening creep is
active. The tests were run on parabolic axisymmetric elements (CQUADX8) in SOL 401 and SOL
402.
Input Files
s401qx8_plas_crp.dat – SOL 401
s402qx8_plas_crp.dat – SOL 402
Units
N-M
Material Properties
Elasticity:
● Young’s Modulus: 2.2E7
● Poisson’s ratio: 0.3
● Thermal expansion coefficient: 1.85E-5
Elasto-plastic constitutive law – Mises yield criterion, isotropic hardening, Associated flow rule:
● Initial yield stress: 9900
● Hardening curve:
Stress 12500 15200 17500 20000
Total strain 0.00958 0.001641 0.003745 0.007059
Plastic strain 0.00039 0.00095 0.00295 0.00615
Creep constitutive law – Norton-Bailey time hardening:
𝜺̇ 𝒄𝒓 = 𝑨 𝑫 𝝈𝑩 𝒕𝑫−𝟏
• A=1.11e-26, B=5.25, D=0.9
Boundary and Loading Conditions
The long cylinder is under plane strain condition in axial direction, subjected to uniform and time-
varying internal pressure, non-uniform and time-varying temperature.

Fig.1 Geometry and loading\boundary conditon
Fig.2 Loading history, pressure and temperature
A plain strain slice of the cylinder is represented by 10 parabolic axisymmetric quadrilateral

element, as shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3 Finite element model
Results
The results of S401 and S402 match well with NAFEM target solution. The stress, equivalent
strain- plastic and creep on inner surface through time=0.0~3000.0 are shown in below table.

Target solution (on inner surface):
SOL401 (on inner surface):
Stress Equivalent strain

Time Axial Hoop Equivalent Plasic Creep
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 - - 1.347570E+0 6.409884E- 0.0
1.493378E+0 1.212796E+0 4 04
4 4
0.4 - - 1.086237E+0 6.409884E- 0.0
1.248903E+0 4.009658E+0 4 04
4 3
1.0 - 7.403705E+0 1.367319E+0 6.763909E- 0.0
8.382316E+0 3 4 04
3
1.4 - 9.576688E+0 1.422751E+0 7.757593E- 0.0
6.431131E+0 3 4 04
3
2.0 - 1.186574E+0 1.528742E+0 1.026091E- 0.0
3.202681E+0 4 4 03
3

10.0 - 9.289809E+0 1.185903E+0 1.026091E- 3.101996E-04
1.156221E+0 3 4 03
3
50.0 3.148063E+0 7.370810E+0 9.611097E+0 1.026091E- 6.845633E-04
2 3 3 03
100.0 6.800912E+0 6.613962E+0 8.861443E+0 1.026091E- 8.947992E-04
2 3 3 03
200.0 8.651161E+0 5.970745E+0 8.270084E+0 1.026091E- 1.158613E-03
2 3 3 03
500.0 8.955365E+0 5.418698E+0 7.781176E+0 1.026091E- 1.667906E-03
2 3 3 03
999.0 8.540174E+0 5.253799E+0 7.631471E+0 1.026091E- 2.316069E-03
2 3 3 03
999.4 - - 1.143429E+0 1.026091E- 2.316069E-03
3.483283E+0 1.623355E+0 3 03
2 3
1000.0 - - 1.361947E+0 1.026091E- 2.316069E-03
2.151849E+0 1.193910E+0 4 03
3 4
1010.0 - - 1.144903E+0 1.026091E- 2.470167E-03
1.861381E+0 9.560653E+0 4 03
3 3
1025.0 - - 1.021396E+0 1.026091E- 2.581098E-03
1.636551E+0 8.166327E+0 4 03
3 3
1100.0 - - 8.530252E+0 1.026091E- 2.820701E-03
1.231881E+0 6.238983E+0 3 03
3 3
1200.0 - - 7.985969E+0 1.026091E- 2.996541E-03
1.046212E+0 5.611682E+0 3 03
3 3
1500.0 - - 7.667150E+0 1.026091E- 3.385389E-03
8.732491E+0 5.249044E+0 3 03
2 3
2000.0 - - 7.610336E+0 1.026091E- 3.958849E-03
8.104941E+0 5.191408E+0 3 03
2 3
3000.0 - - 7.596889E+0 1.026091E- 5.043294E-03
8.049378E+0 5.191915E+0 3 03
2 3
SOL402 (on inner surface):

Stress Equivalent strain
Time Axial Hoop Equivalent Plasic Creep
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 - - 1.348757E+0 6.395977E- 0.0
1.466818E+0 1.191487E+0 4 04
4 4
0.4 - - 1.103467E+0 6.331386E- 0.0
1.246458E+0 3.955780E+0 4 04
4 3
1.0 - 7.299235E+0 1.369936E+0 6.647313E- 0.0
8.502961E+0 3 4 04
3
1.4 - 9.528889E+0 1.421745E+0 7.606521E- 0.0
6.548257E+0 3 4 04
3
2.0 - 1.204492E+0 1.551243E+0 9.981062E- 0.0
3.352475E+0 4 4 04
3
10.0 - 9.495519E+0 1.211698E+0 9.981062E- 2.971164E-04
1.352767E+0 3 4 04
3
50.0 1.528950E+0 7.530376E+0 9.788678E+0 9.981062E- 6.650446E-04
2 3 3 04
100.0 5.882094E+0 6.695711E+0 8.961865E+0 9.981062E- 8.845321E-04
2 3 3 04
200.0 7.941584E+0 6.037527E+0 8.353564E+0 9.981062E- 1.145861E-03
2 3 3 04
500.0 8.524798E+0 5.442289E+0 7.824874E+0 9.981062E- 1.649276E-03
2 3 3 04
999.0 8.199556E+0 5.232141E+0 7.644986E+0 9.981062E- 2.297273E-03
2 3 3 04
999.4 - - 1.125029E+0 9.981062E- 2.297273E-03
3.790877E+0 1.636195E+0 3 04
2 3
1000.0 - - 1.359298E+0 9.981062E- 2.297273E-03
2.177332E+0 1.193968E+0 4 04
3 4
1010.0 - - 1.162403E+0 9.981062E- 2.439197E-03
1.903252E+0 9.768555E+0 4 04
3 3
1025.0 - - 1.039132E+0 9.981062E- 2.548426E-03
1.679187E+0 8.379926E+0 4 04
3 3
1100.0 - - 8.582172E+0 9.981062E- 2.793166E-03
1.252528E+0 6.313375E+0 3 04
3 3
1200.0 - - 8.035564E+0 9.981062E- 2.965951E-03
1.068667E+0 5.681951E+0 3 04
3 3

1500.0 - - 7.682976E+0 9.981062E- 3.351454E-03
8.921132E+0 5.277055E+0 3 04
2 3
2000.0 - - 7.611628E+0 9.981062E- 3.921999E-03
8.185523E+0 5.194542E+0 3 04
2 3
3000.0 - - 7.595719E+0 9.981062E- 5.002347E-03
7.924416E+0 5.175905E+0 3 04
2 3
The equivalent plastic strain on inner surface, mid-thickness surface and outer surface is compared
between Sol401, Sol402 and NAFEM target solution and shown in below figures. Only time=0.0~2.0 is
shown because plastic strain stays unchanged after that.
Equivalent plastic strain on inner surface

0.0012
Equivalent plastic strain
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (s)
NAFEMS SOL 401 SOL 402

Equivalent plastic strain on mid surface
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (s)
Equivalent plastic strain on outer surface

0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time (s)

The equivalent creep strain on inner surface, mid-thickness surface and outer surface is compared
between Sol401, Sol402 and NAFEM target solution and shown in below figures.
Equivalent creep strain on inner surface

0.006
Equivalent creep strain
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (s)

Equivalent creep strain on mid surface
0.003
0.0025
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (s)
NAFEMS SOL 401
Equivalent creep strain on outer surface

0.002
0.0016
0.0012
0.0008
0.0004
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (s)
References
Linkens, D. A. Selected benchmarks for material non-linearity. Volume 1, pp.21. NAFEMS, 1993.

Plane Strain Rigid Punch
This benchmark exercises the capabilities of a 2-D continuum with stress concentration
phenomena. This is a marked stress redistribution as the load increases which is manifested by
the stress state over wide areas traversing around the material yield surface.
Rigid, frictionless punch is pressed into a deep plate of finite width supported on a frictionless
plane.
Loading and Boundary conditions:

2D plane strain conditions.
Displacement controlled loading.
Two variations of the test are presented as follows:

NL5A: Bilinear strain hardening material
NL5B: Perfectly plastic material
NL5A:
Attributes:
- Elasto-plastic analysis
- Strain hardening

- 2-dimensional stress field
- Non-radial material response
Material properties:
- Young’s Modulus, E: 1000
- Poisson’s ratio, ν: 0.3
- Yield stress, σy: 1.0
- Hardening coefficient, β:0.1
- Von Mises yield, associated flow rule
NL5B:
Attributes:
- Elasto-plastic analysis
- Perfect plasticity
- 2-dimensional stress field
- Non-radial material response
- Plastic collapse
Material properties:
- Young’s Modulus, E: 1000
- Poisson’s ratio, ν: 0.3
- Yield stress, σy: 1.0
- Von Mises yield, associated flow rule
Input Files
• s401mnl05a.dat (Strain Hardening Material) – SOL 401
• s402mnl05a.dat (Strain Hardening Material) – SOL 402
• s401mnl05b.dat (Perfect Plastic Material) – SOL 401
• s402mnl05b.dat (Perfect Plastic Material) – SOL 402
Units
mm

A half-symmetry model of the plate was idealized by a uniform mesh of 80*64 eight-node
quadratic plane strain element (CPLSTN8) by SOL 401 and SOL 402.
Results
The graphs show the Simcenter Nastran Nonlinear SOL 401 and 402 compared to NAFEMS test
results at the point A (120,140) (Node 2009, Element 1978).
• Variation of load with applied deflection for NL5A

• Variation of stress (σy) with applied deflection for NL5A

• Variation of load with applied deflection for NL5B
• Variation of stress (σy) with applied deflection for NL5A

References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL5A, NL5B
Thermally Induced Creep of Internally Pressurised Sphere
This article provides input data and results for Isotropic Creep tests including uniformly
distributed loading along Arc direction of boundary. The tests were run on 8-noded axisymmetric
Quadrilateral elements (CQUADX8) in SOL 401 and SOL 402.
Test attributes:
● Creep (forward deformation)
● Thermal dependence of material properties
● Stress redistribution
● Long term numerical stability essential
Input Files
• bm10_401.dat - SOL401
• bm10_402.dat - SOL402
Units
mm
Material Properties
● Young’s modulus E = 10000 N / mm2

● Coeff of expansion α = 0.0
● Creep law 𝜀̇𝑒𝑞 = 3 × 10−6 𝜎𝑒𝑞
5.5
𝑒𝑥𝑝 −12500/𝑇
𝜎 𝑒𝑞 = equivalent stress (Mises)
T = temperature(K)
Element Type : 8-node

axisymmetric quadratic
element with 2×2 Gauss
point .
Number of elements = 10
(equally spaced)
Number of nodes =53
Total creep time =1010 s
Geometry :
• Axisymmetric(sphere)
• 𝑅1 =200mm
• 𝑅2 =500mm
• 𝛽 = 10°
• P=30 N/𝑚𝑚2

Boundary Conditions:
• 𝑢𝑧 =0 at line AB
• Prependicular displacement =0 at line CD(symmetry condition)
• Temperature prescribed at all nodes as follows:
• T =333(1+100/r)
• Where r is radius measured from the centre of sphere
Loading: Prescribed pressure on line AD(inner surface)
Solution Type

• Loading method - Arc-length control
• Loading method Arc-length control
Results
• Graphs of Results

SOL401 Results
• Variation of radial displacement with time in R=200mm and R=500mm
SOL401 Thermally Induced Creep of Internally

Pressurised Sphere
3.000E+01
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
Radial Displacement
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.00E+00 1.00E+02 1.00E+04 1.00E+06 1.00E+08 1.00E+10
Time
NAFEM Displacement R=200 NAFEM Displacement R=500
SOL401 Displacement R=200 SOL401 Displacement R=500

• Variation of Equivalent Stress with time in R=205,280,350, 420,495mm

Pressurised Sphere
5.000E+01
4.500E+01
4.000E+01
3.500E+01
3.000E+01
Equivalent Stress
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.00E+00 1.00E+02 1.00E+04 1.00E+06 1.00E+08 1.00E+10
Time
NAFEM Equivalent Stress R=205 NAFEM Equivalent Stress R=280
NAFEM Equivalent Stress R=495 SOL401 Equivalent Stress R=205
SOL401 Equivalent Stress R=280 SOL401 Equivalent Stress R=350

• Variation of Equivalent Stress with radius in different time step

Pressurised Sphere
3.000E+01
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
Equivalent Stress
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
2.00E+02 2.50E+02 3.00E+02 3.50E+02 4.00E+02 4.50E+02 5.00E+02
Radius
NAFEM Equivalent Stress t=1e+6 NAFEM Equivalent Stress t=1e+7
NAFEM Equivalent Stress t=1e+10 SOL401 Equivalent Stress t=1e+6
SOL401 Equivalent Stress t=1e+7 SOL401 Equivalent Stress t=1e+8

SOL402 Results:
• Variation of radial displacement with time in R=200mm and R=500mm

Pressurised Sphere
3.000E+01
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
Radial Displacement
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.00E+00 1.00E+02 1.00E+04 1.00E+06 1.00E+08 1.00E+10
Time
NAFEM Displacement R=200 NAFEM Displacement R=500
SOL402 Displacement R=200 SOL402 Displacement R=500

• Variation of equivalent Stress with time in R=205,280,350, 420,495mm

5.000E+01
Pressurised Sphere
4.500E+01
4.000E+01
3.500E+01
Equivalent Stress
3.000E+01
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
1.00E+00 1.00E+02 1.00E+04 1.00E+06 1.00E+08 1.00E+10
Time
NAFEM Equivalent Stress R=495 SOL402 Equivalent Stress R=205

• Variation of Equivalent Stress with radius in different time step

Pressurised Sphere
3.000E+01
2.500E+01
2.000E+01
Equivalent Stress
1.500E+01
1.000E+01
5.000E+00
0.000E+00
2.00E+02 2.50E+02 3.00E+02 3.50E+02 4.00E+02 4.50E+02 5.00E+02
Radius
NAFEM Equivalent Stress t=1e+10 SOL402 Equivalent Stress t=1e+6
References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL10

Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS
Benchmarks
Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using NAFEMS Test
Cases
This section verifies the accuracy and robustness of the arc-length method of Simcenter Nastran.
The geometric nonlinear verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite
Element Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks and A Review
of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-linear Behavior of 3-D Beams and Shells. (See
References.)
Each test case includes the following information.
- Units
- Material properties
- Finite element modeling information
- Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
- Solution type
● Results – time history versus Load Factor plots are presented. (Note that in Simcenter
Nastran, the load factor is displayed as "eigenvalue".)
● Reference
Reference
The following references have been used for these verification problems:
● NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No.
NL6.
● NAFEMS, A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-
D Beams and Shells (Summary) (Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024.)
Test Cases
Straight Cantilever with End Moment

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of equal-sized elements. This document provides
the input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL5.

Test attributes:
● Bending action only
● Initially straight elements
● Load control
Input Files
nfnl05a.dat (load control)
nfnl05b.dat (arc-length control)
s401bmntld (load control) - SOL401
s402bmntld (load control) - SOL402
s401bmntarc (arc-length control) - SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 210 x 109 N / m2
● ν = 0.0
SI
32 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

Boundary Conditions
● U = V = θ = 0 at point B
● Concentrated load at Point A applied in equal increments up to a maximum value of ML /
2πEI = 1.0
Solution Type
SOL 106 – Geometric Nonlinear

● Loading method – arc-length control.
● Adaptive search control:
Initial increment factor = 0.05
Target number of iterations = 6
Maximum number of splits = 3
Max increment factor = 1
Number of reporting steps = 18
Geometric nonlinear 2
● Loading method – load control.
● 6 equal steps.

SOL 401 - Geometric Nonlinear
• Loading method - arc-length control
SOL 401 - Geometric Nonlinear2
SOL 402 - Geometric Nonlinear
Results
Normalizing Constants
● 2πEI / L = 3436.12 x 103 Nm
● L = 3.2 m
● 2π = 6.28319
Graphs of Results
● Free end axial displacement vs. Load Factor

● Vertical displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
● Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

SOL401 Results


• Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

SOL402 Results


• Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL5.
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a straight cantilever with an axial end point load, made up of
a single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Non-linear Benchmarks NL6.

● Combined bending and membrane action.
● Presence of bifurcation.
● Initially straight elements.
● Load control.
Input Files
nlsarg07.dat – SOL106
nlsarg07s401hx8.dat – SOL401, CHEXA8
nlsarg07s401hx20.dat – SOL401, CHEXA20
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 210 x 109 N/m2

● ν = 0.0
256 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements.

Boundary Conditions
● U = V = θ = 0 at point B.
● Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493.
Solution Type
SOL 106 or SOL 401 – Geometric Nonlinear

Results
Normalizing Constants:
● EI / L2 = 170898 N
● L = 3.2 m
● π = 3.14159
Graphs of results:
● X-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor.

1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
Axial Displacement
NAFEMS U SOL 106 X displacement
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
Axial Displacement
NAFEMS U
SOL 401-CHEXA8 X displacement
SOL 401-CHEXA20 X displacement

● Y-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
Vertical Displacement
NAFEMS V SOL 106 Y displacement
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
NAFEMS V
SOL 401-CHEXA8 Y displacement
SOL 401-CHEXA20 Y displacement

Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF6.
Input Files
nlsarp01.dat – SOL106
nlsarp01s401.dat – SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 210 x 109 N/m2

● ν = 0.0
32 linear (CBEAM) elements

Boundary Conditions
● U = V = θ = 0 at point B.
● Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493 or
P = –3.85 x 106 N
Solution Type
SOL 106 or SOL 401 – Geometric Nonlinear

Results
Normalizing Constants:
● EI / L 2 = 170898 N
● π = 3.14159
Graphs of results:
● X-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
Axial Displacement
NAFEMS U SOL 106 X Displacement
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
Axial Displacement
NAFEMS U SOL 401-CBEAM X displacement

● Y-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
NAFEMS V SOL 106 Y Displacement
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
NAFEMS V SOL 401-CBEAM Y displacement

● Rz-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500
Rotational Displacement
NAFEMS Theta SOL 106 Rz Displacement
1.200
1.000
0.800
Load Factor
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500
Rotational Displacement
NAFEMS Theta SOL 401-CBEAM Rz displacement

Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Lee's Frame Buckling Problem

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF7. Attributes of this test are:
Input Files
nlsarg01.dat
s401bfrmbck - SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 71.74 x 109 N/m2

● ν = 0.0
20 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

Boundary Conditions
● U = V = 0; θ ≠ 0 at points B and C
● Concentrated load at Point A applied incrementally using arc-length constraint with
automatic adjustment of arc length (P = –20000 N)
Solution Type

Results
Normalizing Constants EI / L2 = 996.389 N, L = 1.2 m
Graphs of results: Y-displacement at grid point 13 vs. Load Factor

Results
Normalizing Constants EI / L2 = 996.389 N, L = 1.2 m
Loading method - arc-length control
Graphs of results: Y-displacement at grid point 13 vs. Load Factor

Reference
National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform

Pressure Loading
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a hinged spherical shell element under uniform pressure
loading. This document provides the input data and results for A Review of Benchmark Problems
for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) 3DNLG-7.

Input Files
nlsarg05.dat – SOL 106 (CQUAD4)
n401arclshell0.dat – SOL 401 (CQUADR)
Units
SI
Material Properties
● E = 69
● ν = 0.3
● The shell midsurface is defined in terms of the global Cartesian coordinate system where
Z = 2.0285 x 10 –4 [X (1570 – X) + Y (1570 – Y)].
Boundary Conditions
● Evenly distributed follower pressure load normal to shell surface. Maximum pressure =
0.1. Pressure follows the deformation of the shell surface.

Solution Type

● Loading method:
o Arc-length control
● Adaptive search control:
o Initial increment factor = 0.3
o Target number of iterations = 6
o Maximum number of splits = 3
o Maximum increment factor = 1
o Number of reporting steps = 18
● Loading method:
o Arc-length control
Results
Magnitude displacement at grid point 145 vs. Load Factor
SOL 106 results

SOL 401 results

Reference
● National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. A Review of Benchmark
Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary)
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024. Test No. 3DNLG-7

Complex Modal - Rotor Dynamics Verification
Overview of Complex Modal - Rotor Dynamics Verification Using
Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these modal complex rotor dynamics test cases is to verify the function of
Simcenter Nastran Rotor (SOL414) using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple
in form and most of them have closed-form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well known engineering examples.
For each test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference publications are listed at
the end of this topic.
● References
o Units
o Solution type
● Results
● Reference
While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests
would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen
to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Results reported here are results that can be compared to the referenced theoretical solution. Other
results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and finite
element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.

The actual results from Simcenter Nastran Rotor (SOL414) may vary insignificantly from the
results presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real
numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations
which have been made to improve results under certain circumstances.
Reference
The following references have been used in the normal mode dynamics analysis verification
problems presented:
1. Nelson, H.D. and Mac Vaugh, J. M., The Dynamics of Rotor-Bearing Systems using
Finite Elements, J. Eng. Ind. (ASME), 593-600 (1976).
2. Lalanne, M., Ferraris, G.,Tran, D. M., Queau, J. P. and Berthier,. P. Comportement
dynamique des rotors de turbomachines,. Rapport final DRET, (1982).

Test Cases
Critical Speed Analysis of a Rotor
A rotor-bearing system is analyzed to determine the critical speeds, forward and backward
whirling speeds. The structure is modeled in 1D, 2D and 3D as illustrated below.
• 1D model (bar elements):
• 2D model (Fourier elements):
• 3D model (hexahedral, pentahedral and tetrahedral elements):

Inputs Files
• s414_nelson1d_01_md.dat
• s414_nelson1d_01_secrea.dat
• s414_nelson1d_01_seuse.dat
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
● Length = 0.355 m
Origin (m) Inner Diameter (m) Outer Diameter (m)
0.0 - 0.0102
0.0127 - 0.0204
0.0508 - 0.0152
0.0762 - 0.0406
0.1016 - 0.0660
0.1067 0.0304 0.0660
0.1143 0.0356 0.0508
0.1270 - 0.0508
0.1346 - 0.0254
0.1905 - 0.0304
0.2667 - 0.0254
0.3048 - 0.0762
0.3150 - 0.0406
0.3454 0.0304 0.0406
Physical Properties
Material:

● Young's Modulus - E =2.078 E11 N/m2
● Poisson's ratio - ν =0.3
● Mass density - ρ =7806 kg /m3
Disk Model: Lumped mass:
● Mass – m =1.401 kg
● Polar Moment of Inertia – JP = 0.002 kg.m2
● Diametral Moment of Inertia- JD =0.00136 kg.m2
Cases Modeling type

● Line mesh elements (CBAR)
s414_nelson1d_01_md ● A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on
the node located at 0.889m on rotor axis
● Undamped isotropic bearings (CBEAR)
● Creation of a superelement based on the model
s414_nelson1d_01_md (without bearings) and
s414_nelson1d_01_secrea computed with 20 modes. Two retained nodes at
s414_nelson1d_01_seuse the location of the future bearings
● Use of the superelement with undamped isotropic
bearings (CBEAR2)
● Line mesh elements (CBAR)
s414_nelson1d_03_md ● A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on
the node located at 0.889m on rotor axis
● Damped isotropic bearings (CBEAR)
● Use of the superelement with damped isotropic
bearings (CBEAR2)
● Axisymetrical mesh elements (CQUADX4)
s414_nelson2d_03_md ● Fourier connector elements (FOU3)
● Damped isotropic bearings (CBEAR2)
s414_nelson2d_03_secrea s414_nelson2d_03_md (without bearings) and
s414_nelson2d_03_seuse computed with 20 modes. Two retained nodes at
the location of the future bearings

Cases Modeling type
bearings (CBEAR2)
s414_nelson3d_03_md ● 3D volumic mesh elements (CTETRA/CHEXA)

● Damped isotropic bearings (CBEAR2)

bearings (CBEAR2)
Boundary Conditions
● The rotor is supported by two identical bearings located at a distance of 0.1651 m and
0.287 m from the origin respectively. Four model cases are presented :
Cases Case Name Kxx Kyy Bxx Byy
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson1d_01_md A 0 0
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson1d_01_seuse ASE 0 0
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson1d_03_md B 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson1d_03_seuse BSE 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson2d_03_md C 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m

Cases Case Name Kxx Kyy Bxx Byy
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson2d_03_seuse CSE 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson3d_03_md D 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m
4.378 *107 4.378 *107

s414_nelson2d_03_seuse DSE 2627 Ns/m 2627Ns/m
N/m N/m
Solution Type
A modal complex analysis is performed on the rotor-bearing system in the fixed frame with 25
steps of 5000 rpm, starting from 0 rpm.
For the cases A, B C and D:

• SOL 414,110 – Complex Modal Analysis
For the cases ASE, BSE, CSE and DSE:
• SOL 414,103 – Superelement Reduction, then
• SOL 414,110 – Complex Modal Analysis
Results
• Undamped analysis:

Results Bench SOL 414,110
Value Case A Case ASE
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm)
Mode 1 (BW) 15 470 15 369 15 369
Mode 2 (FW) 17 159 16 997 16 997
Mode 3 (BW) 46 612 46 503 46 503
Mode 4 (FW) 49 983 49 809 49 809
• Damped analysis:
Results Bench SOL 414,110

Value Case B Case BSE Case C Case CSE Case D Case DSE
(rpm) (rpm) (rpm) (rpm) (rpm) (rpm) (rpm)
Mode 1 (BW) 15 502 15 383 15 384 14 968 14 969 15 218 15 218
Mode 2 (FW) 17 169 17 016 17017 16 811 16 812 17 046 17 047
Mode 3 (BW) 46 951 46 718 46 728 45 994 46 014 46 556 46 572
Mode 4 (FW) 50 254 49 949 49 964 49 543 49 573 50 015 50 047

Campbell and Damping Diagam (first four mode illustrated)
References
3. Nelson, H.D. and Mac Vaugh, J. M., The Dynamics of Rotor-Bearing Systems using
Finite Elements, J. Eng. Ind. (ASME), 593-600 (1976).
4. Lalanne, M., Ferraris, G.,Tran, D. M., Queau, J. P. and Berthier,. P. Comportement
dynamique des rotors de turbomachines,. Rapport final DRET, (1982).

Contact Verification Using NAFEMS Benchmarks
Overview of the Contact Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases
The purpose of this section is to verify the accuracy and robustness of contact of Simcenter
Nastran. The contact verification uses National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards
(NAFEMS) test cases published by FENET project report Advanced Finite Element Contact
Benchmarks. (See Reference.)
Each test case includes the following information.
- Units
- Material properties
- Finite element modeling information
- Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)
- Solution type
● Results
● Reference
Reference
The following reference has been used for these verification problems:
● A.W.A. Konter. Advanced Finite Element Contact Benchmarks. FENET EU Thematic
Network, July, 2005.
Test Cases
2D Cylinder Roller Contact

This test is a contact analysis of a steel cylinder pressed into an aluminium block. It is used to test
curved contact surfaces, deformable-deformable contact and friction stick-slip along the contact
line. This document provides the input data and results for Benchmark 1 in report Advanced Finite
Element Contact Benchmarks. The tests were run on linear and parabolic plane strain elements.

Input Files
s401cylroller4 (CPLSTN4 elements and no friction) - SOL401
s401cylroller4f (CPLSTN4 elements and friction coefficient = 0.1) - SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● Cylinder
E = 210 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3
● Block
E = 70 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3

Finite element modeling information
A half model with half symmetry constraint is used in the contact analysis. Geometry nonlinearity
is taken into accout.
Boundary Conditions
• Half vertical point load F = 17.5 kN is applied on the top point of cylinder due to symmetry.
• Symmetry displacement constraints (half symmetry) Ux=0 is added on X=0.
• Bottom surface of the foundation is fixed (Ux = Uy = 0).
Solution Type
• SOL 402 - Statics

Results
● Contact pressure on cylinder against arc length distance from centre of contact(no
friction)-4 and 8 nodes plane strain elements

SOL 401
SOL 401 shows a oscillating type of behviour if the model is meshed with linear elements. This
can be improved by refined mesh. Here, the linear element mesh is refined by using quarter size
of original elements.
SOL 402
● Normal and tangential contact stress on cylinder against arc length distance from centre
of contact(friction coefficient = 0.1)-4 nodes plane strain elements

SOL 401
Here, SOL 401 uses refined mesh to avoid a oscillating type of behviour for the model meshed by
linear elements. The mesh is refined by using quarter size of original elements.
SOL 402
At center of contact, tangential contact stress of SOL 402 is a large value but tangential contact
stress of MSC.MARC and Abaqus are close to zero. The reason is that the center of contact has

both contact and the half symmetry condition. This will cause redundancies on constraint for SOL
402. Currently, the workaround is to use a full model or a half model with a more refined mesh.
● Normal and tangential contact stress on cylinder against arc length distance from centre
of contact(friction coefficient = 0.1)-8 nodes plane strain elements
SOL 401
SOL 402

References
A.W.A. Konter. Advanced Finite Element Contact Benchmarks. FENET EU Thematic Network,
July, 2005.
3D Punch (Rounded edges)

This test is a contact analysis of a cylinder pressed into a larger cylinder. It is used to test stick/slip
behaviour along the contact plane. This document provides the input data and results for
Benchmark 2 in report Advanced Finite Element Contact Benchmarks. The tests were run on linear
and parabolic axisymmetric elements.
Input Files
s401punch3d4 (CQUADX4 elements and no friction) - SOL401
s401punch3d4f (CQUADX4 elements and friction coefficient = 0.1) - SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● Punch: Top Cylinder

E = 210 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3
● Foundation: Bottom Cylinder
E = 70 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3

Axisymmetric elements are used to simulate the 3D contact. Geometry nonlinearity is taken into
accout.
Boundary Conditions
• A uniform pressure (distributed load) applied at the top surface of the punch P =100 N /
mm2.
• Bottom surface of the foundation is fixed (Ux = Uz = 0).
Solution Type

Results
● Axial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (no friction)-4 an 8
nodes axisymmetric elements

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Radial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (no friction)-4 and 8
nodes axisymmetric elements

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Axial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (friction coefficient =
0.1)-4 nodes axisymmetric elements

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Axial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (friction coefficient =

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Radial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (friction coefficient =

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Radial displacement at the top edge of the foundation against radius (friction coefficient =

SOL 401
SOL 402
● Contact pressure (normal contact stress) on the punch against arc length distance from
centre of contact(no friction)-4 nodes axisymmetric elements

SOL 402
● Tangential contact stress on the punch against arc length distance from centre of contact(no
friction)-4 nodes axisymmetric elements
SOL 402

References
July, 2005.
3D Sheet metal forming

This test is a contact analysis of sheet metal forming. It is used to test rigid-deformable contact
and sliding contact around circular surface. Contact with plasticity and spring back is also tested.
This document provides the input data and results for Benchmark 3 in report Advanced Finite
Element Contact Benchmarks. The tests were run on 4 nodes plane strain elements.
Input Files
s402metalform (CPLSTN4 elements and no friction) - SOL402
s402metalformf (CPLSTN4 elements and friction coefficient = 0.1342) - SOL402
Units
SI

Material Properties
● Sheet
Elastic plastic material with isotropic hardening
E = 70.5 kN / mm2, ν = 0.342, Initial yield stress σy = 194 N / mm2
Hollomon Hardening Rule σ=Kεn, K=550.4 N / mm2, n=0.223
Plane strain elements are used to simulate the 3D contact. Large strain is taken into accout.
Boundary Conditions
• Prescribed vertical displacement for the punch (28.5mm).

• Symmetry displacement constraints (half symmetry) Ux=0 is added on X=0.
• Bottom surface of the foundation is fixed (Ux = Uy = 0).
Solution Type
• SOL 402 – Statics and Dynamics

Results
● Punch force against punch displacement (no friction)

SOL 402
● Punch force against punch displacement (friction coefficient = 0.1342)

SOL 402
● Forming angle and angle after release(friction coefficient = 0.1342)

Forming angles Angles after release
Experimental 19.6- 21.0 53.4 - 55.8
SOL 402 20.65 54.69
References
July, 2005.
3D Loaded pin
This test is a contact analysis of a cylindrical pin located in a cylindrical hole of a strip. The
diameters of the hole and the pin are identical. It is used to test receding contact area, curved
contact surface, deformable-deformable contact and friction stick-slip along the contact surface.
This document provides the input data and results for Benchmark 4 in report Advanced Finite
Element Contact Benchmarks. The tests were run on 4 and 8 nodes plane strain elements.
Input Files
s401pinc2d8half (CPLSTN8 elements and friction coefficient = 0.1) - SOL401
Units
SI
Material Properties
● Cylindrical Pin

E = 210 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3
● Strip with cylindrical hole
E = 70 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3
A half model with half symmetry constraint is used in the contact analysis. Geometry nonlinearity
is taken into accout.
Boundary Conditions
• Two equal 100kN horizontal point forces on two ends of the pin are replaced by a 10kN
horizontal point force on the center of the pin in the half symmetry plane strain model.
• Symmetry displacement constraints (half symmetry) Uy=0 is added on Y=0
• Left side of the strip is fixed (Ux = Uy = 0)
Solution Type

Results
● Displacement at nodes on the hole edge of the strip against angle (friction coefficient =
0.1)-4 nodes plane strain elements

SOL 402
● Displacement at nodes on the hole edge of the strip against angle (friction coefficient =
0.1)-8 nodes plane strain elements
SOL 401

SOL 402
References
July, 2005.
3D Steel roller on rubber

This test is a contact analysis of a steel roller on a rubber sheet. It is used to test deformable-
deformable contact and contact with incompressible hyperelastic material. This document
provides the input data and results for Benchmark 5 in report Advanced Finite Element Contact
Benchmarks. The tests were run on linear and parabolic plane strain elements.

Input Files
s402steelroller2d4 (CPLSTN4 elements and friction coefficient = 0.3) - SOL402
s402steelroller2d8 (CPLSTN8 elements and friction coefficient = 0.3) - SOL402
Units
SI
Material Properties
● Steel Roller
Linear elastic material E = 210 k N / mm2, ν = 0.3
● Rubber Sheet
Neo Hookean hyperelastic material C10= 10 N / mm2
Plane strain elements are used to simulate the 3D contact. Large strain is taken into accout.
Boundary Conditions
• Centre of the steel roller is fixed in both horizontal and vertical direction
• Time period 0-1 second:
o no rotation of the steel roller
o move the bottom surface of the rubber sheet 3 mm up
o horizontal displacement is fixed on the rubber sheet
• Time period 1-2 second:
o prescribed rotation of the steel roller (360 degrees)
o the bottom surface of the rubber sheet is held at 3 mm up
o the rubber sheet is free to move in horizontal direction
Solution Type

Results
● Vertical force on the roller versus time (friction coefficient = 0.3)-4 nodes plane strain
elements

SOL 402
● Vertical force on the roller versus time (friction coefficient = 0.3)-8 nodes plane strain
elements
SOL 402

● Horizontal displacement of point A after one rotation of the roll (friction coefficient = 0.3)
Linear 2D elements Parabolic 2D elements

MSC.MARC 175.8 mm 175.0 mm
Abaqus 175.2 mm 175.0 mm
SOL 402 174.8mm 174.7mm
References
July, 2005.


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Simcenter Nastran 2206

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 2

NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 3

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 4

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................5

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 5

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks ................... 77

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 6

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 7

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 8

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 9

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 10

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 12

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 13

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 14

Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Test Case Data and Information

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 15

Finite Element Modeling

SOL 101 – Linear Statics

Y Deflection, grid point 5 (in) 0.9102 0.9130 0.9130 0.9130

Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 16

● Length = 300 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

● Square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.)

Finite Element Modeling

Create 30 beam elements along the X axis, each 10 in. long.

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 17

SOL 101 – Linear Statics

Deflection in X, grid point 2 (in) 0.01111 0.01093 0.01093

Reaction in X, grid point 1 (lb) –1.000E4 –1.000E4 –1.000E4

Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 18

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

● Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.)

Finite Element Modeling

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 19

SOL 101 – Linear Statics

X Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 6,400. 6,400. 6383. N/A

Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.8190 0.8225 * 0.8225 *

Reaction Force Magnitude at grid point 1 (lb) 1.200E5 1.200E5 1.125E5

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 20

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

● Square cross section 30” x 30” inches

Finite Element Modeling

SOL 101 – Linear Statics

Simcenter Nastran 2206 Verification Manual 21

Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.1422 0.1422 0.1422 0.1422

Reaction Moment Z Direction at grid point 1

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.