3.4 Presentation of Financial Statements: Adaptation For The Public Sector Context

ED 1 Improvements to Presentation, of the Financial Statements Amendments
to IAS 1 and Provisions for the Narrative Report
3.4 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.1.1 Authorities shall prepare financial statements in accordance with IAS 1
Presentation of Financial Statements, IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and IFRS 8
Operating Segments, as adapted by this section of the Code.
3.4.1.2 IPSAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements is based on IAS 1, and IPSAS 2
Cash Flow Statements is based on IAS 7. These standards provide additional
guidance for public sector bodies.
Adaptation for the public sector context

3.4.1.3 IAS 1 specifies the information to be included in the financial statements, but does
not prescribe a format. IAS 1 also specifies information that must be disclosed
either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes to the financial
statements. IAS 1 permits the terminology used to be adapted to suit the reporting
entity.
3.4.1.4 The Code adapts the requirements of IAS 1 by specifying the format of the
statements, disclosures and terminology that are appropriate for local authorities.
In doing so, the Code adopts the interpretation of IAS 1 included in IPSAS 1
Presentation of Financial Statements that ‘function of expenses’ is equivalent to a
service analysis. The Code adopts the principle of specifying the minimum level of
detail for the financial statements, whilst permitting authorities to include more
detail where it is appropriate to do so.
3.4.1.5 Where an authority prepares Group Accounts, the Code requires the authority to
prepare authority-only accounts and Group Accounts incorporating all financial
statements. Authorities may elect to present the Group Accounts alongside the
authority-only accounts (ie a columnar approach) or as separate statements. An
authority need not apply the same approach to each statement.
3.4.2 Accounting Requirements
Definitions
3.4.2.1 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits.
3.4.2.2 Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily
convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk
of changes in value.
3.4.2.3 Cash flows are inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents.
3.4.2.4 Financing activities are activities that result in changes in the size and
composition of the principal, received from or repaid to external providers of
finance.
3.4.2.5 Impracticable: applying a requirement is impracticable when the authority cannot
apply it after making every reasonable effort to do so.
3.4.2.6 Investing activities are the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other
investments not included in cash equivalents.
3.4.2.7 Material. Omissions or misstatements of items are material if they could,
individually or collectively, influence the decisions or assessments of users made
on the basis of the financial statements. Materiality depends on the nature or size
of the omission or misstatement judged in the surrounding circumstances. The
nature or size of the item, or a combination of both, could be the determining
factor.
3.4.2.8 Notes contain information in addition to that presented in the Movement in
Reserves Statement, Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement,
Movement in Reserves Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement.
Notes provide narrative descriptions or disaggregations of items presented in those
statements and information about items that do not qualify for recognition in those
statements.
3.4.2.9 Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure comprises items of expense
and income (including reclassification adjustments) that are not recognised in the
Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services as required or permitted by the
Code. Examples include changes in revaluation surplus; actuarial gains and
losses on defined benefit plans; and gains and losses on remeasuring available-
for-sale financial assets.
3.4.2.10 Operating activities are the activities of the authority that are not investing or
financing activities.
3.4.2.11 Reclassification adjustments are amounts reclassified to Surplus or Deficit on
the Provision of Services in the current period that were recognised in Other
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure in the current or previous periods.
3.4.2.12 Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services is the total of income less
expenses, excluding the components of Other Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure.
3.4.2.13 Total Comprehensive Income and Expenditure comprises all components of
Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services and of Other Comprehensive
Income and Expenditure.
Cash and cash equivalents

3.4.2.14 Cash and cash equivalents shall include bank overdrafts that are an integral part of
an authority’s cash management.

3.4.2.15 Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash
commitments rather than for investment or other purposes. There are no strict
criteria to follow relating to the nature and maturity of items treated as cash
equivalents and as such an authority shall disclose the policy that it adopts in
determining the composition of cash equivalents.
Financial statements
3.4.2.16 One of the objectives of financial statements is to provide information about the
financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an authority that is
useful to a wide range of users in making and evaluating decisions about the
allocation of resources. Specifically, the objectives of financial reporting in the
public sector should be to provide information useful for decision making, and to
demonstrate the accountability of the authority for the resources entrusted to it.
3.4.2.17 A complete set of financial statements comprises:
a) Movement in Reserves Statement for the period
ba) Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement for the period
b) Movement in Reserves Statement for the period
c) Balance Sheet as at the end of the period
d) Cash Flow Statement for the period
e) notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other
explanatory information
f) comparative information in respect of the preceding period as specified in
paragraphs 3.4.2.2930 and 38A of IAS 1
g) Balance Sheet as at the beginning of the preceding period (ie a third Balance
Sheet) when an authority applies an accounting policy retrospectively or
makes a retrospective restatement of items in its financial statements, or when
it reclassifies items in its financial statements in accordance with paragraphs
40A to 40D of IAS 1, and
h) statements, or other financial reports or disclosures which are required by
statute to be included in the Statements of Account for the period, where
relevant to the authority.
3.4.2.18 Authorities shall present with equal prominence all of the financial statements in a
complete set of financial statements. The order of the first four statements above
is recommended but not required. Authorities shall present the statements in the
order that best enables their users to understand the financial statements.
3.4.2.19 Financial statements shall give a true and fair presentation of the financial position,
financial performance and cash flows of an authority. A true and fair presentation
requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events and
conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets,
liabilities, income and expenses set out in the Code. Compliance with the Code is
presumed to result in financial statements that achieve a true and fair presentation.
3.4.2.20 A fair presentation also requires an authority:
a) to select and apply accounting policies in accordance with section 3.3 of the
Code and
IAS 8. Paragraph 3.3.2.10 sets out the guidance that an authority’s
management considers in the absence of an IFRS that specifically applies to
an item
b) to present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides
relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information
c) to provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific
requirements in the Code is insufficient to enable users to understand the
impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the authority’s
financial position and financial performance.
3.4.2.21 An authority cannot rectify inappropriate accounting policies either by disclosure of
the accounting policies used or by notes or explanatory material.
3.4.2.22 In the extremely rare circumstances in which management concludes that
compliance with a requirement of the Code would be so misleading that it would
prevent the financial statements achieving a true and fair view, an authority shall
depart from that requirement. In doing so, an authority shall disclose that:
a) management has concluded that the financial statements present a true and
fair view of the authority’s financial position, financial performance and cash
flows
b) it has complied with the Code, except that it has departed from a particular
requirement to achieve a true and fair presentation
c) the nature of the departure, including the treatment that the Code would
require, the reason why that treatment would be so misleading in the
circumstances that it would prevent the financial statements presenting a true
and fair view, and the treatment adopted, and
d) for each period presented, the financial effect of the departure on each item in
the financial statements that would have been reported in complying with the
requirement.
3.4.2.23 A local authority’s financial statements shall be prepared on a going concern basis;
that is, the accounts should be prepared on the assumption that the functions of
the authority will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.
Transfers of services under combinations of public sector bodies (such as local
government reorganisation) do not negate the presumption of going concern.
3.4.2.24 A local authority shall prepare its financial statements, except for cash flow
information, using the accrual basis of accounting, ie the authority recognises

items as assets, liabilities, income and expenses (the elements of financial
statements) when they satisfy the definitions and recognition criteria for those
elements in the Code.
3.4.2.25 A local authority shall present separately each material class of similar items. A
local authority shall present separately items of a dissimilar nature or function
unless they are immaterial.
3.4.2.26 When applying this section of the Code and other sections of the Code or IFRSs
an authority shall decide, taking into consideration all relevant facts and
circumstances, how it aggregates information in the financial statements, which
include the notes. A local authority shall not reduce the understandability of its
financial statements by obscuring material information with immaterial information
or by aggregating material items that have different natures or functions.
3.4.2.27 Some sections of the Code or IFRSs specify information that is required to be
included in the financial statements, which include the notes. A local authority need
not provide a specific disclosure required by the Code if the information resulting
from that disclosure is not material. This is the case even if the section of the Code
or the IFRS contains a list of specific requirements or describes them as minimum
requirements. An authority shall also consider whether to provide additional
disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in another section of
the Code or IFRS is insufficient to enable users of financial statements to
understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on
the authority’s financial position and financial performance.
3.4.2.2728A local authority shall not offset assets and liabilities or income and expenses,
unless required or permitted by the Code.
3.4.2.2829A local authority shall present a complete set of financial statements (including
comparative information) annually.
3.4.2.2930Except when the Code permits or requires otherwise, a local authority shall present
comparative information in respect of the preceding period for all amounts reported
in the current period’s financial statements. A local authority shall apply
paragraphs 38A to 38D of IAS 1, as relevant to its circumstances and as
appropriate to ensure a true and fair presentation of its financial statements.
3.4.2.3031If a local authority changes the presentation or classification of items in its financial
statements, the authority shall reclassify comparative amounts unless
reclassification is impracticable. When comparative amounts are reclassified, the
authority shall disclose (including as at the beginning of the preceding period):
a) the nature of the reclassification
b) the amount of each item or class of items that is reclassified, and
c) the reason for the reclassification.
3.4.2.3132When it is impracticable to reclassify comparative amounts, an authority shall

disclose:
a) the reason for not reclassifying the amounts, and
b) the nature of the adjustments that would have been made if the amounts had
been reclassified.
3.4.2.3233A local authority shall retain the presentation and classification of items in the
financial statements from one period to the next unless:
a) it is apparent, following a significant change in the nature of the authority’s
operations or a review of its financial statements, that another presentation or
classification would be more appropriate having regard to the criteria for the
selection and application of accounting policies in the Code, or
b) the Code requires a change in presentation.
3.4.2.3334A local authority shall present Group Accounts in addition to its single entity
financial statements where required by chapter nine of the Code.
3.4.2.34 When presenting Group Accounts, an authority that recognises its interest in a
jointly controlled entity using proportionate consolidation shall either:
combine its share of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the jointly
controlled entity with the similar items, line by line, in its financial statements,
or
include separate line items for its share of the assets, liabilities, income and
expenses of the jointly controlled entity in its financial statements.
Structure and content of financial statements

3.4.2.35 A local authority shall clearly identify the financial statements and distinguish them
from other information in the same published document.
3.4.2.36 An authority shall clearly identify each financial statement and the notes. In
addition, a local authority shall display the following information prominently, and
repeat it when necessary for the information presented to be understandable:
a) the name of the authority
b) the date of the end of the reporting period or the period covered by the set of
financial statements or notes, and
c) the level of rounding used in presenting amounts in the financial statements.
Movement in Reserves Statement

3.4.2.37 A local authority shall present a Movement in Reserves Statement. Where a local
authority presents Group Accounts as well as authority-only accounts, the authority
shall present either separate Movement in Reserves Statements for the authority-
only accounts and the Group Accounts, or a single Movement in Reserves
Statement showing both the authority-only and group reserves.
3.4.2.38 An authority shall include a description of the purpose of the statement, either in
the Explanatory Foreword or on the face of the statement (or both). The following
description is recommended but not mandatory.
This statement shows the movement in the year on the different reserves held by
the authority, analysed into ‘usable reserves’ (ie those that can be applied to fund
expenditure or reduce local taxation) and other reserves. The Surplus or (Deficit)
on the Provision of Services line shows the true economic cost of providing the
authority’s services, more details of which are shown in the Comprehensive
Income and Expenditure Statement. This is different from the statutory amounts
required to be charged to the General Fund Balance and the Housing Revenue
Account for council tax setting and dwellings rent setting purposes. The Net
Increase/Decrease before Transfers to Earmarked Reserves line shows the
statutory General Fund Balance and Housing Revenue Account Balance before
any discretionary transfers to or from earmarked reserves undertaken by the
council.
3.4.2.39 The Movement in Reserves Statement shall show, for each classification of
reserves:
a) balance as at the end of the previous reporting period
b) surplus or deficit on the provision of services (accounting basis)
c) other comprehensive income and expenditure
d) total comprehensive income and expenditure
e) adjustments between Group Accounts and authority accounts (Group
Accounts only)
f) net increase or decrease before transfers (Group Accounts only)
g) adjustments between accounting basis and funding basis under regulations
h) net increase or decrease before transfers to earmarked reserves (England and
Wales) or other statutory reserves (Scotland)
i) transfers to or from earmarked reserves (England and Wales) or other
statutory reserves (Scotland)
j) increase or decrease in year
k) balance as at the end of the current reporting period.
3.4.2.40 A local authority shall present, either in the Movement in Reserves Statement or in
the notes, an analysis of the amounts included in items c), e), g) and i) of the
statement. The analysis of item g) shall include the following items where relevant:
 depreciation, impairment and revaluation losses (charged to Surplus or Deficit
on the Provision of Services) of non-current assets
 amortisation of intangible assets
 movements in the fair value of investment properties
 capital grants, contributions and income in relation to donated assets credited

to the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement
 revenue expenditure funded from capital under statute
 costs of disposal funded from capital receipts
 net gain or loss on sale or derecognition of non-current assets and non-current
assets held for sale
 amount by which finance costs calculated in accordance with the Code are
different from the amount of finance costs calculated in accordance with
statutory requirements
 amount by which pension costs calculated in accordance with the Code (ie in
accordance with IAS 19) are different from the contributions due under the
pension scheme regulations
 amount by which council tax income, non-domestic rate income and residual
community charge adjustment included in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement is different from the amount taken to the General Fund
in accordance with regulation (England only)
 amounts debited or credited to the Business Rate Supplements Revenue
Account
 statutory provision for repayment of debt
 capital expenditure charged to the General Fund Balance
 transfers in respect of CIL receipts
 transfer from Capital Receipts Reserve equal to the amount payable into the
Housing Capital Receipts Pool (in England and Wales only)
 any voluntary provision for repayment of debt
 net transfer to or from earmarked reserves required by legislation
 transfers between other reserves required by legislation.
Note that the analysis for lines g) and i) shall aggregate or disaggregate
disclosures so that useful information is not obscured by either the inclusion of a
large amount of insignificant detail or the aggregation of items that have different
characteristics. The list of the items above that shall be included in the analysis for
line g) may be aggregated to ensure that useful financial information is not
obscured.
3.4.2.41 The classification of reserves presented in the Movement in Reserves Statement
shall include the following items; authorities may choose to present additional
items on the face of the statement:
a) General Fund Balance (in Scotland, includes earmarked portion of General
Fund Balance)
b) Earmarked General Fund Reserves (not Scotland) (recommended but not
mandatory)
c) Housing Revenue Account Balance (in Scotland, includes earmarked portion
of Housing Revenue Account Balance)
d) Earmarked Housing Revenue Account Reserves (not Scotland)
(recommended but not mandatory)
e) Major Repairs Reserve (England and Wales)
f) Revenue statutory funds (Scotland)
g) Capital Receipts Reserve (England and Wales); Capital statutory funds
(Scotland)
h) Capital Grants Unapplied Account
i) Total usable reserves
j) Unusable reserves
k) Total reserves of the authority
l) Authority’s share of the reserves of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
(Group Accounts only)
m) Total reserves (Group Accounts only).
the notes, an analysis of the amounts included in each item of the classification of
reserves required by paragraph 3.4.2.41. This analysis shall present amounts held
for capital purposes separately from those held for revenue purposes, and shall
separately identify the total reserves held by schools.
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement
3.4.2.4337A local authority shall present a Comprehensive Income and Expenditure
Statement. Where a local authority presents Group Accounts as well as authority-
only accounts, the authority shall present either separate Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure Statements for the authority-only accounts and the Group
Accounts, or a single Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement showing
both the authority-only and group transactions. An authority shall include a
description of the purpose of the statement, either in the Explanatory
ForewordNarrative Report or on the face of the statement (or both). The following
This statement shows the accounting cost in the year of providing services in
accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, rather than the amount
to be funded from taxation [or rents]. Authorities raise taxation [and rents] to cover
expenditure in accordance with statutory requirements; this may be different from
the accounting cost. The taxation position is shown in both in the Funding Analysis
and the Movement in Reserves Statement.
This statement shows the accounting cost in the year of providing services in
accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, rather than the amount
to be funded from taxation. Authorities raise taxation to cover expenditure in
accordance with regulations; this may be different from the accounting cost. The
taxation position is shown in the Movement in Reserves Statement.
3.4.2.4438As
a minimum, the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement shall
include line items that present the following amounts for the period:
a) Gross expenditure, gross income and net expenditure of continuing
operations, analysed by service. Authorities shall present the service analysis
on the basis of the Service Reporting Code of Practicethe organisational
structure (including, where relevant, corporate support services) under which
local authorities operate and shall include the direct accrued costs for those
services1.
b) Other operating expenditure (comprising precepts (paid to non-principal
authorities in England and all authorities in Wales) and levies; payments to the
Housing Capital Receipts Pool; and gains or losses on the disposal of non-
current assets).
c) Financing and investment income and expenditure (comprising interest
payable and similar charges; net interest on the net defined benefit liability
(asset); remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) for long-
term employee benefits recognised in accordance with section 6.2;2 interest
income; income, expenditure, and changes in the fair values of investment
properties; the surplus or deficit of trading operations which are not allocated
back to services; and other investment income).
d) Surplus or deficit on discontinued operations (such a Surplus or Deficit may
need to include an appropriate apportionment of the direct costs of corporate
services).
e) Taxation and non-specific grant income and expenditure (comprising council
tax income, NDR distribution, non-domestic rates income and expenditure,
unringfenced government grants, and all capital grants and contributions).
f) Surplus or deficit on the provision of services.
g) Associates and joint ventures accounted for on an equity basis (Group
Accounts only).
h) Tax expenses (Group Accounts only; taxation of group entities and reporting
authority’s share of taxation of associates and joint ventures shall be shown on
1
These direct costs may include the recharges of services of a local authority’s
trading operations.
2
Note that the recognition of these remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability
(asset) is for long-term employee benefits and not post-employment benefits, which are
recognised in line m).
separate lines).
i) Group surplus or deficit (Group Accounts only).
j) Surplus or deficit on revaluation of non-current assets.
k) Impairment losses on non-current assets charged to the revaluation reserve.
l) Surplus or deficit on revaluation of available-for-sale financial assets.
m) Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset).
n) Share of other comprehensive income and expenditure of associates and joint
ventures (Group Accounts only).
o) Other comprehensive income and expenditure.
p) Total comprehensive income and expenditure.
3.4.2.4539Where a local authority presents Group Accounts, the authority shall disclose
separately those amounts of Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services and
Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure that are attributable to the local
authority and those that are attributable to any minority interest, eg impairment of
goodwill, share of profits of subsidiaries.
3.4.2.4640A local authority shall present, either in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement or in the notes, an analysis of the amounts included in
items b), c) and e) of the statement.
3.4.2.41 When an authority presents subtotals in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement it shall do so in accordance with paragraphs 85 and 85A of
IAS1.
3.4.2.42 A local authority shall disclose information for the authority on the nature of
expenses, including depreciation and amortisation expense and employee benefits
expense. It may choose to use the following headings as applicable to the authority
a) fees, charges and other service income
b) surplus or deficit on associates and joint ventures
c) interest and investment income
d) income from council tax, non-domestic rates, district rate income
e) government grants and contributions
f) employee benefits expenses
g) other service expenses
h) support service recharges
i) depreciation, amortisation and impairment
j) interest payments
k) precepts and levies
l) payments to Housing Capital Receipts Pool
m) gain or loss on disposal of non-current assets

n) surplus or deficit on the provision of services.
3.4.2.4743Anauthority shall not present any items of income or expense as extraordinary

items, either in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement or in the
notes.
Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services

3.4.2.4844An
authority shall recognise all items of income and expense in a period in Surplus
or Deficit on the Provision of Services unless the Code requires or permits
otherwise.
Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure for the period

3.4.2.4945Where
an authority prepares Group Accounts, the authority shall disclose the
amount of income tax relating to each component of Other Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure, including reclassification adjustments, either in the
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement or in the notes.
3.4.2.5046Where
a local authority is required to recognise amounts in Other Comprehensive
Income and Expenditure for the period, it shall include :which include amounts that
a) items of other comprehensive income and expenditure (excluding amounts in
paragraph (b)), classified by nature and grouped into those that, in accordance
with other sections of the Code or IFRSs:
may be subsequently reclassified in the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services, it shall present the line items of amounts in Other Comprehensive
Income and Expenditure into groups that:
a)
i) will not be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus of Deficit on the
Provision of Services; and
(ii) will be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus of Deficit on the Provision
of Services when specific conditions are met.
will not be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services, and
b) b) the share of the other comprehensive income and expenditure of
associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method,
separated into the share of items that, in accordance with other IFRSs:
i) will not be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus of Deficit on the
Provision of Services; and
(ii) will be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus of Deficit on the Provision
of Services when specific conditions are met.
will be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services

when specific conditions are met.
An example of amounts that may be reclassified subsequently in the Surplus or
Deficit on the Provision of Services in local authorities are is gains or losses on
available for sale financial assets.
3.4.2.5147For Group Accounts, an authority may present components of Other
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure either:
a) net of related tax effects, or
b) before related tax effects with one amount shown for the aggregate amount of
income tax relating to those components.
If an authority elects alternative b), it shall allocate the tax between the items that
might be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services and those that will not be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus or
Deficit on the Provision of Services, where Other Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure reflects these groupings in accordance with paragraph 3.4.2.5046.
3.4.2.5248An authority shall disclose reclassification adjustments relating to components of
Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure.
Information to be presented either in the Comprehensive Income and

Expenditure Statement or in the notes
3.4.2.5349When items of income or expense are material, an authority shall disclose their
nature and amount separately. Examples include:
a) disposals of items of property, plant and equipment
b) disposals of investments, and
c) other reversals of provisions.
Movement in Reserves Statement

3.4.2.50 A local authority shall present a Movement in Reserves Statement. Where a local
shall present either separate Movement in Reserves Statements for the authority-
only accounts and the Group Accounts, or a single Movement in Reserves
Statement showing both the authority-only and group reserves.
3.4.2.51 An authority shall include a description of the purpose of the statement, either in
the Narrative Report or on the face of the statement (or both). The following
This statement shows the movement from the start of the year to the end on the
different reserves held by the authority, analysed into ‘usable reserves’ (ie those
that can be applied to fund expenditure or reduce local taxation) and other
‘unusable’ reserves. The Movement in Reserves Statement shows how the

movements in year of the authority’s reserves are broken down between gains and
losses incurred in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices and
the statutory adjustments required to return to the amounts chargeable to council
tax [or rents] for the year. The Net Increase/Decrease line shows the statutory
General Fund Balance and Housing Revenue Account Balance movements in the
year following those adjustments.
3.4.2.52 The Movement in Reserves Statement shall show, for each classification of
reserves:
a) balance as at the end of the previous reporting period
b) total comprehensive income and expenditure
c) adjustments between Group Accounts and authority accounts (Group
Accounts only)
d) net increase or decrease before transfers (Group Accounts only)
e) adjustments between accounting basis and funding basis under statutory
provisions)
f) increase or decrease in year
g) balance as at the end of the current reporting period.
the notes, an analysis of the amounts included in items b), c), e) of the statement.
The analysis of item e) shall include the following items where relevant, but these
items do not have to be individually identified in the analysis; authorities shall refer
to paragraph 3.4.2.26 and 3.4.2.27 when preparing this disclosure:
 depreciation, impairment and revaluation losses (charged to Surplus or Deficit
on the Provision of Services) of non-current assets
 amortisation of intangible assets
 movements in the fair value of investment properties
 capital grants, contributions and income in relation to donated assets credited
to the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement
 revenue expenditure funded from capital under statute
 costs of disposal funded from capital receipts
 net gain or loss on sale or derecognition of non-current assets and non-current
assets held for sale
 amount by which finance costs calculated in accordance with the Code are
different from the amount of finance costs calculated in accordance with
statutory requirements
 amount by which pension costs calculated in accordance with the Code (ie in
accordance with IAS 19) are different from the contributions due under the
pension scheme regulations

 amount by which council tax income, non-domestic rate income and residual
community charge adjustment included in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement is different from the amount taken to the General Fund
in accordance with regulation (England only)
 amounts debited or credited to the Business Rate Supplements Revenue
Account
 statutory provision for repayment of debt
 capital expenditure charged to the General Fund Balance
 transfers in respect of CIL receipts
 transfer from Capital Receipts Reserve equal to the amount payable into the
Housing Capital Receipts Pool (in England and Wales only)
 any voluntary provision for repayment of debt
 net transfer to or from earmarked reserves required by legislation
 transfers between other reserves required by legislation.
3.4.2.54 The classification of reserves presented in the Movement in Reserves Statement
shall include the following items; authorities may choose to present additional
items on the face of the statement:
a) General Fund Balance
b) Housing Revenue Account Balance
c) Major Repairs Reserve (England and Wales)
d) Revenue statutory funds (Scotland)
e) Capital Receipts Reserve (England and Wales); Capital statutory funds
(Scotland)
f) Capital Grants Unapplied Account
g) Total usable reserves
h) Unusable reserves
i) Total reserves of the authority
j) Authority’s share of the reserves of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
(Group Accounts only)
k) Total reserves (Group Accounts only).
3.4.2.55 This analysis in paragraph 3.4.2.55 shall present amounts held for capital
purposes separately from those held for revenue purposes, and shall separately
identify the total reserves held by schools either in the Statement on in the Notes.
3.4.2.56 A local authority shall present in a disclosure note, an analysis of the movements
in its material earmarked reserves (earmarked proportion of its General Fund
balance Scotland) showing opening and closing balances and movements in

year. Note that this analysis shall have regard to paragraphs 3.4.2.26 and
3.4.2.27.
Balance Sheet
3.4.2.5457A
local authority shall present a Balance Sheet. Where a local authority presents
Group Accounts as well as authority-only accounts, the authority shall present
either separate Balance Sheets for the authority-only accounts and the Group
Accounts, or a single statement showing both the authority-only and group Balance
Sheets. An authority shall include a description of the purpose of the statement,
either in the Explanatory Foreword or on the face of the statement (or both). The
following description is recommended but not mandatory.
The Balance Sheet shows the value as at the Balance Sheet date of the assets
and liabilities recognised by the authority. The net assets of the authority (assets
less liabilities) are matched by the reserves held by the authority. Reserves are
reported in two categories. The first category of reserves are usable reserves, ie
those reserves that the authority may use to provide services, subject to the need
to maintain a prudent level of reserves and any statutory limitations on their use
(for example the Capital Receipts Reserve that may only be used to fund capital
expenditure or repay debt). The second category of reserves are those that the
authority is not able to use to provide services. This category of reserves includes
reserves that hold unrealised gains and losses (for example the Revaluation
Reserve), where amounts would only become available to provide services if the
assets are sold; and reserves that hold timing differences shown in the Movement
in Reserves Statement line ‘Adjustments between accounting basis and funding
basis under regulations’.
3.4.2.5558Asa minimum, tThe Balance Sheet shall include line items that present the
following amounts:
a) property, plant and equipment
b) heritage assets
c) investment property (including held for sale* where the authority has opted to
disclose this as a separate category)
d) intangible assets (including goodwill for Group Accounts only)*
e) assets held for sale*
f) investments (including net pensions asset)*
g) investments in associates and joint ventures (in Scotland where an authority
has negative balances in respect of individual associates, the authority shall
include any such associates with a net negative balance in a separate
‘liabilities in associates’ line)
h) debtors*
i) deferred tax asset (Group Accounts only)

j) long-term assets (sub-total)
k) inventories
l) cash and cash equivalents
m) current tax asset (Group Accounts only)
n) current assets (sub-total)
o) bank overdraft
p) borrowing*
q) creditors*
r) provisions*
s) liabilities in disposal groups*
t) current tax liability (Group Accounts only)
u) current liabilities (sub-total)
v) other long-term liabilities (comprising net pensions liability, deferred liabilities
and any other long-term liabilities)
w) Donated Assets Account*
x) Grants Receipts in Advance*
y) deferred tax liability (Group Accounts only)
z) long-term liabilities (sub-total)
aa) net assets (total)
ab) usable reserves (including group reserves where appropriate)
ac) unusable reserves (including group reserves where appropriate)
ad) total reserves (total).
* Asterisked items are shown only once in the list, but should be presented as
current
and/or non-current items in accordance with their classification (see
paragraphs 3.4.2.5861 (assets) and 3.4.2.5962 (liabilities) of the Code).
3.4.2.5659Anauthority shall present other lines (for example, biological assets) where
relevant, (this might also require disaggregation of line items).
3.4.2.5760Anauthority shall present additional line items (including by disaggregating the line
items listed in paragraph 3.4.2.58 when such presentation is relevant to an
understanding of the authority’s financial position. For example, an authority may
separately disclose one or more categories of property, plant and equipment.
When an authority presents subtotals in the balance sheet it shall do so in
accordance with paragraph 55A of IAS 1.
Current assets
3.4.2.5861An authority shall classify an asset as current when:
a) it expects to realise the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal
operating cycle (the normal operating cycle for a local authority shall be
assumed to be 12 months, however the normal operating cycle of other group
members may be different)
b) it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading
c) it expects to realise the asset within 12 months after the reporting period, or
d) the asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being
exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the reporting
period.
An authority shall classify all other assets as long term.
Current liabilities
3.4.2.5962An authority shall classify a liability as current when:
a) it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle (the normal
operating cycle for a local authority shall be assumed to be 12 months,
however the normal operating cycle of other group members may be different)
b) it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading
c) the liability is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting period, or
d) the authority does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the
liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability
that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the
issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.
An authority shall classify all other liabilities as long term.
Information to be presented either in the Balance Sheet or in the notes

3.4.2.6063Anauthority shall disclose, either in the Balance Sheet or in the notes, further
sub-classifications of the line items presented, classified in a manner appropriate
to the authority. Examples include:
a) items of property, plant and equipment are disaggregated into classes
b) receivables are disaggregated into amounts receivable from trade customers,
receivables from related parties, prepayments and other amounts, and
c) provisions are disaggregated into provisions for employee benefits and other
items.
3.4.2.6164An
authority shall disclose in the Balance Sheet, in the Movement in Reserves
Statement, or in the notes a description of the nature and purpose of each reserve,
the carrying amount of each reserve as at the Balance Sheet date and the
movement in the reserve in the period. An authority shall present amounts held for
capital purposes separately from those held for revenue purposes, and shall
separately identify the total reserves held by schools.
Cash Flow Statement

3.4.2.6265A
local authority shall present a Cash Flow Statement. Where a local authority
presents Group Accounts as well as authority-only accounts, the authority shall
present either separate Cash Flow Statements for the single entity financial
statements and the Group Accounts, or a single Cash Flow Statement showing
both authority-only and group cash flows. An authority shall include a description
of the purpose of the statement, either in the Explanatory Foreword or on the face
of the statement (or both). The following description is recommended but not
mandatory.
The Cash Flow Statement shows the changes in cash and cash equivalents of the
authority during the reporting period. The statement shows how the authority
generates and uses cash and cash equivalents by classifying cash flows as
operating, investing and financing activities. The amount of net cash flows arising
from operating activities is a key indicator of the extent to which the operations of
the authority are funded by way of taxation and grant income or from the recipients
of services provided by the authority. Investing activities represent the extent to
which cash outflows have been made for resources which are intended to
contribute to the authority’s future service delivery. Cash flows arising from
financing activities are useful in predicting claims on future cash flows by providers
of capital (ie borrowing) to the authority.
3.4.2.6366An authority shall report cash flows from operating activities prepared using either:
a) the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross
cash payments are disclosed, or
b) the indirect method, whereby net Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any
deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments,
and items of revenue or expense associated with investing or financing cash
flows.
Cash Flow Statement – direct method

3.4.2.6467Asa minimum, the Cash Flow Statement prepared using the direct method shall
include line items that present the following amounts:
a) operating activities
b) investing activities
c) financing activities
d) net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents
e) cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period

f) cash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period.
3.4.2.6568The
amounts to be included (where relevant) in lines a), b) and c) above are as
follows:
Operating activities
a) taxation
b) grants
c) housing rents (housing authorities only)
d) sales of goods and rendering of services
e) interest received
f) other receipts from operating activities
g) cash inflows generated from operating activities (sub-total)
h) cash paid to and on behalf of employees
i) housing benefit paid out (housing authorities only)
j) national non-domestic rate payments to national pool (billing authorities in
Scotland and Wales only)
k) precepts paid (billing authorities only)
l) payments to the Capital Receipts Pool (in England and Wales only)
m) cash paid to suppliers of goods and services
n) interest paid
o) other payments for operating activities
p) cash outflows generated from operating activities (sub-total)
q) net cash flows from operating activities.
Investing activities
a) purchase of property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible
assets
b) purchase of short-term (not considered to be cash equivalents) and long-term
investments (includes investments in associates, joint ventures and
subsidiaries)
c) other payments for investing activities
d) proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment, non-current assets
held for sale, investment property and intangible assets
e) proceeds from short-term (not considered to be cash equivalents) and long-
term investments (includes investments in associates, joint ventures and
subsidiaries)
f) other receipts from investing activities

g) net cash flows from investing activities.
Financing activities
a) cash receipts of short- and long-term borrowing
b) other receipts from financing activities
c) cash payments for the reduction of the outstanding liability relating to finance
leases and on-Balance-Sheet service concession arrangements (PFI)
contracts
d) repayments of short- and long-term borrowing
e) other payments for financing activities
f) net cash flows from financing activities.
3.4.2.6669A
local authority shall consider presenting the detail of the amounts of major
classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments arising from operating,
investing and financing activities (see paragraph 3.4.2.65) in the Cash Flow
Statement based on the direct method where such presentation is relevant to an
understanding of the authority’s cash flow position, or otherwise in the notes.
3.4.2.6770Cash flows from interest and dividends received and paid (dividends paid will only
be applicable to Group Accounts) shall be disclosed separately either in the Cash
Flow Statement or in the notes and be classified as operating activities. In the rare
event that cash flows of a local authority (or Group Accounts) arise from
transactions in a foreign currency, the cash flows shall be recorded in pounds
sterling by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate at the time of
the cash flow.
Cash Flow Statement – indirect method

3.4.2.6871Where an authority presents a Cash Flow Statement prepared using the indirect
method, as a minimum the statement shall include line items that present the
following amounts:
a) net surplus or deficit on the provision of services
b) adjust net surplus or deficit on the provision of services for non-cash
movements
c) adjust for items included in the net surplus or deficit on the provision of
services that are investing and financing activities
d) net cash flows from operating activities
e) investing activities
f) financing activities
g) net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents
h) cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period

i) cash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period.
3.4.2.6972The
amounts to be included (where relevant) in lines b), c), e) and f) above are as
follows:
Adjust net surplus or deficit on the provision of services for non-cash movements
a) depreciation
b) impairment and downward valuations
c) amortisation
d) increase/decrease in impairment for bad debts
e) increase/decrease in creditors
f) increase/decrease in debtors
g) increase/decrease in inventories (stock)
h) movement in pension liability
i) carrying amount of non-current assets and non-current assets held for sale,
sold or derecognised
j) other non-cash items charged to the net surplus or deficit on the provision of
services.
Adjust for items included in the net surplus or deficit on the provision of services
that are investing and financing activities
a) proceeds from short-term (not considered to be cash equivalents) and long-
subsidiaries)
b) proceeds from the sale of property plant and equipment, investment property
and intangible assets
c) any other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash
flows.
Investing activities
a) purchase of property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible
assets
b) purchase of short-term (not considered to be cash equivalents) and long-term
investments (includes investments in associates, joint ventures and
subsidiaries)
c) other payments for investing activities
d) proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment, non-current assets
held for sale, investment property and intangible assets
e) proceeds from short-term (not considered to be cash equivalents) and long-
subsidiaries)
f) other receipts from investing activities
g) net cash flows from investing activities.
Financing activities
a) cash receipts of short- and long-term borrowing
b) other receipts from financing activities
c) cash payments for the reduction of the outstanding liability relating to a finance
lease and on-Balance-Sheet service concession arrangements (PFI) contracts
d) repayments of short- and long-term borrowing
e) other payments for financing activities
f) net cash flows from financing activities.
3.4.2.7073A
local authority shall consider presenting the detail of the amounts of major
classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments rising from operating,
investing and financing activities (see paragraph 3.4.2.6971) in the Cash Flow
Statement based on the indirect method where such presentation is relevant to an
understanding of the authority’s cash flow position, or otherwise in the notes.
3.4.2.7174Cash flows from interest and dividends received and paid (dividends paid will only
be applicable to Group Accounts) shall be disclosed separately either in the Cash
Flow Statement or in the notes and be classified as operating activities. In the rare
event that cash flows of a local authority (or Group Accounts) arise from
transactions in a foreign currency, the cash flows shall be recorded in pounds
sterling by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate at the time of
the cash flow.
Cash Flow Statement – general

3.4.2.7275In
the rare event that cash flows arise from obtaining and losing control of
subsidiaries or other businesses, authorities should refer to IAS 7.
3.4.2.7376For
cash flow purposes, bank overdrafts are shown separately from cash and cash
equivalents where they are not an integral part of an authority’s cash management.
Where they are an integral part of an authority’s cash management (ie the bank
balance often fluctuates from being positive to overdrawn), they are shown as part
of cash and cash equivalents.
3.4.2.7477Where an authority prepares Group Accounts, the authority shall also include
(where relevant) lines in relation to operating activities – preference dividend paid
to minority interest, equity dividends paid, income tax paid; investing activities – net
overdraft acquired with subsidiary, net cash acquired with subsidiary; financing
activities – purchase/redemption of share capital, issue of share capital and any
other lines that may be relevant, and disclosed separately where material in the
Cash Flow Statement or in the notes. Cash flows between the reporting authority
and an associate or joint venture should be included under the appropriate cash
flow heading for the activity giving rise to the cash flow. None of the other cash
flows of an associate or joint venture should be included in the Cash Flow
Statement of the Group Account.
3.4.2.7578Operating, investing and financing transactions that do not require the use of cash
and cash equivalents shall be excluded from an authority’s (or group) Cash Flow
Statement.
3.4.2.7679An authority (and Group Accounts) shall disclose the components of cash and
cash equivalents in the Cash Flow Statement or in the notes.
3.4.2.7780The impact on the Cash Flow Statement of the accounting requirements in
England for council tax and NDR are shown in section 2.8 of the Code.
Notes to the financial statements

3.4.2.7881A local authority shall present notes to the financial statements. Where a local
shall present either separate notes to the financial statements for the authority-only
accounts and the Group Accounts, or notes to the financial statements showing
both authority-only and group information. The notes shall:
a) present information about the basis of preparation of the financial statements
and the specific accounting policies used
b) disclose the information required by the Code that is not presented elsewhere
in the financial statements, and
c) provide information that is not presented elsewhere in the financial statements,
but is relevant to an understanding of any of them.
3.4.2..7982 An authority shall, as far as practicable, present notes in a systematic manner. In
determining a systematic manner, the local authority shall consider the effect on
the understandability and comparability of its financial statements. An authority
shall cross-reference each item in the Movement in Reserves Statement,
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement, Movement in Reserves
Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement to any related information in
the notes.
3.4.2.83 Examples of systematic ordering or grouping of the notes include:
a) giving prominence to the areas of its activities that the authority considers to
be most relevant to an understanding of its financial performance and financial
position, such as grouping together information about particular activities;
(b) grouping together information about items measured similarly such as assets
measured at current value; or
(c) following the order of the line items in the statement(s) of Comprehensive
Income and Expenditure Statement and the Balance Sheet.
3.4.2.8084An
authority shall disclose in the summary ofits significant accounting policies,
comprising:
a) the measurement basis (or bases) used in preparing the financial statements,
and
b) the other accounting policies used that are relevant to an understanding of the
financial statements.
3.4.2.8185Anauthority shall disclose, in along with the summary ofits significant accounting
policies or other notes, the judgements, apart from those involving estimations, that
management has made in the process of applying the authority’s accounting
policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the
3.4.2.8286Thesummary of significant accounting policies shall include the following items
where they have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial
statements:
a) accruals of expenditure and income
b) acquired operations
c) back pay arising from unequal pay claims
d) Business Improvement District schemes (England, Scotland and Wales)
e) cash and cash equivalents
f) contingent assets
g) contingent liabilities
h) council tax, district rates and non-domestic rates
hi) discontinued operations
ij) employee benefits
jk) events after the reporting period
kl) prior period adjustments
lm) financial instruments
mn) foreign currency translation
no) government grants and other contributions
op) heritage assets
pq) intangible assets
qr) inventories and long-term contracts
rs) investment property
st) landfill allowances schemes
tu) leases (separate policies required for operating and finance leases)
uv) non-current assets held for sale

vw) overheads
wx) service concession arrangements (PFI/PPP schemes)
xy) property, plant and equipment
yz) provisions
zaa)reserves
aaab) revenue expenditure funded from capital under statute, and
abac) value added tax.
3.4.2.8387A local authority shall disclose information about the assumptions it makes about
the future, and other major sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the
reporting period, that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. In
respect of those assets and liabilities, the notes shall include details of:
a) their nature, and
b) their carrying amount as at the end of the reporting period.
3.4.2.8488 These disclosures are not required for assets and liabilities measured at fair
value based on a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability.
Such fair values might change materially within the next financial year but these
changes would not arise from assumptions or other sources of estimation
uncertainty at the end of the reporting period.
Segment reporting
3.4.2.8589The aim of segment reporting is to disclose information to enable users of a local
authority’s financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the
activities in which it engages and the economic environments in which it operates.
3.4.2.8690An authority shall present information on reportable segments within the notes,
where necessary. However, the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure
Statement will fulfill a local authority’s segmental reporting requirements, where
this is not the case local authorities will need to add additional disclosure notes to
meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.4,2.90 to 3.4.2.93. Reportable segments
shall be based on an authority’s internal management reporting, for example
departments, directorates or portfolios. Where more than one presentation is used
for internal management reporting, the authority shall select the presentation most
commonly used by the individual or group within the authority who has the most
significant role in allocating resources and assessing the performance of services
(for example cabinet, board or senior directors) when considering the allocation of
financial resources. Segments may include support services. Normally for local
authorities the judgments made by management on aggregation of segments arise
as a result of their internal management reporting requirements and therefore
disclosure of these judgments should not be onerous. This should be covered by

including a description of the aggregation of the operating segments.
3.4.2.8791An authority need not report all segments. A segment shall be reported where its
expenditure is 10% or more of the gross expenditure within the net expenditure of
continuing operations; or its income is 10% or more of the gross income within the
net expenditure of continuing operations. An authority may report segments that
do not meet these criteria, either individually or combined with other segments.
3.4.2.8892Where the reportable segments identified by applying the criteria above do not
include at least 75% of the gross expenditure within the net expenditure of
continuing operations, additional segments or combinations of segments shall be
treated as reportable segments until the reportable segments include at least 75%
of the gross expenditure within the net expenditure of continuing operations.
3.4.2.8993For each reportable segment, an authority shall present an analysis of the income
and expenditure for that segment in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure
Statement (paragraph 3.2.4.38). (ie a subjective analysis), to include those items of
income and expenditure that are reported as part of internal management
reporting. Authorities should note that this analysis may include items that do not
form part of the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement (for example,
that statutory provision for the repayment of debt) and exclude items that do form
part of the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement (for example,
depreciation).
3.4.2.90 Production of the segment reporting analysis is not intended to be onerous, and it
is expected that in most cases authorities will be able to use existing information
(for example, outturn reports) as the basis of the analysis.
3.4.2.91 An authority shall present a reconciliation between the segment reporting analysis
and the net cost of services in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure
Statement. The reconciliation will be dependent on the information included in the
segment reporting analysis, but is expected to include items from the following
areas:
additional segments not included in the analysis
amounts not included in the analysis but included in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement (for example, pension costs calculated in accordance with
IAS 19)
amounts included in the analysis but not included in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement (for example, pension contributions payable to the pension
fund).
3.4.2.92 An authority shall present a reconciliation between the segment reporting analysis
and an analysis of total income and expenditure (ie a subjective analysis). The
analysis of total income and expenditure shall be prepared on a Group Accounts
basis where the authority prepares Group Accounts and shall include as a
minimum the following lines:

a) fees, charges and other service income
b) surplus or deficit on associates and joint ventures
c) interest and investment income
d) income from council tax
e) government grants and contributions
f) employee expenses
g) other service expenses
h) support service recharges
i) depreciation, amortisation and impairment
j) interest payments
k) precepts and levies
l) payments to Housing Capital Receipts Pool
m) gain or loss on disposal of non-current assets
n) surplus or deficit on the provision of services.
3.4.2.93 The reconciliation will be dependent on the information included in the segment
reporting analysis, but is expected to include items from the following areas:
additional segments not included in the analysis
amounts not included in the analysis but included in the Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure Statement (for example, pension costs calculated in
accordance with IAS 19)
amounts included in the analysis but not included in the Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure Statement (for example, pension contributions payable to the
pension fund)
allocation of support service recharges
allocation of lines in the segment reporting analysis that include items from more
than one line of the analysis of total income and expenditure
amounts reported below the net cost of services in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement.
3.4.2.94 The analysis of total income and expenditure also satisfies the requirement in IAS
1 to present information regarding the nature of expenses.
3.4.2.9594If an authority reports segment assets and/or liabilities internally, it shall present an
analysis of segment assets and/or liabilities in the financial statements. This
analysis shall be on the same basis as that used to report internally (ie assets
and/or liabilities that are not reported on a segment basis internally are not
presented in the analysis in the financial statements). Where an analysis of
segment assets and/or liabilities is presented in the financial statements, the
authority shall also present a reconciliation of segment assets

and/or liabilities to the total assets and/or liabilities included in the Balance Sheet.
3.4.3 Statutory Accounting Requirements

3.4.3.1 There are no statutory accounting requirements regarding the presentation of
financial statements in England, Scotland and Wales. In Northern Ireland, the
format of the statements is prescribed by the Department for the Environment, and
authorities should follow those requirements.
3.4.4 Disclosure Requirements

3.4.4.1 Authorities shall disclose the information in the financial statements as required by
this section. Having regard to paragraph 3.4.2.26 of this section of the Code,
which permits authorities not to provide a specific disclosure if information is not
material, authorities shall disclose the notes as set out in the other sections of the
Code in addition to the following:
1) The nature of any acquired or discontinued operations and details of any
outstanding liabilities in respect of discontinued operations.
2) The nature, turnover, and surpluses/deficits of any significant trading operation
and for Scottish local authorities the cumulative surplus or deficit for the
current year and two preceding financial years in accordance with the
requirements of the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003.
3) The nature and amount of any significant agency income and expenditure.
4) Sufficient information on any partnership schemes under s75 of the National
Health Service Act 2006, under the Community Care and Health (Scotland)
Act 2002 and under s33 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006 to
allow for the understanding of the authority’s financial affairs. As a minimum
this includes the purpose of the partnership, the identities of partner bodies,
the gross income and expenditure of the partnership and the authority’s
contribution.
5) The totals of members’ allowances (and expenses) paid in the year. In
Scotland all elements of members remuneration and reimbursement of actual
expenditure under the heads of salaries, allowances and expenses.
6) a) Number of employees and police officers whose remuneration in the
year was greater or equal to £50,000, grouped in rising bands of £5,000,
and/or other disclosures specified in regulations or statutory guidance
(Northern Ireland).
b) Number of exit packages agreed (grouped in rising bands of £20,000 up to

£100,000, and bands of £50,000 thereafter), analysed between
compulsory redundancies and other departures. Authorities shall also
disclose the total cost of packages agreed in each band. Bands shall be
combined where this is necessary to ensure that individual exit packages

cannot be identified (except where disclosure of payments to the
individuals is required elsewhere under regulations). Exit packages
include compulsory and voluntary redundancy costs, pension contributions
in respect of added years, ex-gratia payments and other departure costs
(England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland). Scottish local
authorities are required to include the disclosure of exit packages in the
remuneration report.
7) The following amounts for the year:
a) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commissionunder the
Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 or the Auditor General for Wales
with regard to external audit services carried out by the appointed auditor
under the Audit Commission’s Code of Audit Practice prepared by the
Comptroller and Auditor General or Auditor General for Wales’ Code of
Audit and Inspection Practice in accordance with s5 s18 of the Audit
Commission Act 1998 Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 or s16 of
the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004.
b) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commission or the
Auditor General for Wales in respect of statutory inspection under s10 of
the Local Government Act 1999.
c) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commission or the
Auditor General for Wales for the certification of grant claims and returns
by the appointed auditor under s28 of the Audit Commission Act 1998 or
s2 of the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004.
d) Fees payable to Audit Scotland in respect of external audit services
undertaken in accordance with the Code of Audit Practice.
e) In Northern Ireland, the amount payable to the Comptroller and Auditor
General for Northern Ireland in respect of external audit services.
f) Fees payable in respect of any other services provided by the appointed
auditor over and above the duties described in notes 7 a) to e) above.
8) In Wales, the following information is also to be disclosed:
a) The total non-domestic rateable value at the year-end and the national
non-domestic rate multiplier for the year.
b) The calculation of the council tax base, ie the number of chargeable
dwellings in each valuation band (adjusted for dwellings where discounts
apply) converted to an equivalent number of band D dwellings.
c) The name of each authority which made a significant precept or demand
on the account and the amount included for each authority.
9) In Northern Ireland, disclosure of details of the rates receivable by the
authority (ie rate in the pound for domestic and non-domestic properties).
10) A breakdown of the movement of the amounts shown in the Movement in

Reserves Statement that are adjustments between accounting basis and
funding basis under regulations to be debited or credited to the General Fund
and Housing Revenue Account for the year and the transfers to/from reserves.
11) Details of the nature and amount of trust funds where the authority acts as the
sole trustee. For other trust funds and other third party funds administered by
the authority, a statement providing an indication of the overall nature and
amounts administered by the authority. Where land or non-financial assets
are managed, occupied or held by the local authority which are impressed with
charitable trusts, the nature of those holdings.
Cash Flow Statement

12) An analysis of the components of cash and cash equivalents.
3.4.5 Statutory Disclosure Requirements

3.4.5.1 There are no statutory disclosure requirements in relation to the presentation of
financial statements. Authorities shall disclose the statutory notes as set out in the
other sections of the Code in addition to the following:
1) a) Number of employees and senior police officers (all police officers in
Wales) (except
those included in b) below) whose remuneration in the year was greater or
equal to
£50,000, grouped in rising bands of £5,000 (England and Wales), and
b) An analysis by job title of the remuneration and employer’s pension
contributions in respect of senior employees and relevant police officers
whose salary is £50,000 or more per year (or by name and job title where
the salary is £150,000 or more per year) (England and Wales).
c) In Wales, the reference to ‘£50,000’ in a) and b) above shall be read as
‘£60,000’.
d) In Wales, the remuneration ratio as required by the Accounts and Audit
(Wales) Regulations 2014 (see Regulation 9(2)).
2) A brief explanation of the nature of any scheme under the Transport Act 2000
or the Transport (Scotland) Act 2001, including the gross income and
expenditure of the scheme, and the net proceeds of the scheme (including for
joint schemes the apportionment of such proceeds).
3) A disclosure that demonstrates whether the Dedicated Schools Grant (made
under section 14 of the Education Act 2002) has been deployed in accordance
with regulations made under sections 45A, 45AA, 47, 48(1) and (2) and 138(7)
of, and paragraph 1(7)(b) of Schedule 14 to, the School Standards Framework
Act 1998 (England).
Remuneration report (Northern Ireland)

3.4.5.2 Local authorities in Northern Ireland shall produce the statutory remuneration
report required by the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations
(Northern Ireland) 2015.3
Remuneration report (Scotland)

3.4.5.23 Local authorities in Scotland shall produce the statutory remuneration report in
accordance with the requirements of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland)
Regulations 2014 (SSI 2014/200) and the guidance issued by the Scottish
Government (Scottish Government Finance Circulars 8/2011 and 7/2014).
3.4.6 Changes since the 20142015/15 16 Code

3.4.6.1 The 20152016/16 17 Code includes amendments to the Code’s provisions on the
presentation of financial statements to amend the reporting requirements for the
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statements and the Movement in
Reserves Statement under the telling the story improvements to the presentation
of local authority financial statements review,
3.4.6.2 The presentation of the financial statements section of the Code has also been
amended to reflect the December 2014 changes to IAS 1 under the IASB
Disclosure Initiative.
3.4.6.3 The presentation of the financial statements section of the Code has also been
amended to reflect the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations
(Northern Ireland) 2015 requirement for local authorities in Northern Ireland to
produce a statutory remuneration report.
to reflect:
changes to the reporting requirements for exit packages in the remuneration report for
local authorities in Scotland as a result of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland)
Regulations 2014
the introduction of the remuneration ratio disclosure by the Accounts and Audit (Wales)
Regulations 2014, and
clarifications of the reporting requirements for disclosures to support the Movement in
Reserves Statement.
3
It is anticipated that the Department of the Environment Northern Ireland will specify
the form and content of the Remuneration Report.
CHAPTER THREE
Financial statements
3.1 EXPLANATORY FOREWORDNARRATIVE REPORT
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.1.1 A local authority in England, Northern Ireland and Wales shall publish ana
Narrative Report Explanatory Foreword with the financial statements. The purpose
of the foreword iNarrative Report is to offer interested parties an easily
understandable guide to the most significant matters reported in the accounts.
Local authorities are encouraged to prepare the Explanatory ForewordNarrative
Report taking into consideration the provisions of the Government’s Financial
Reporting Manual (FReM), paragraphs 5.2.1 to 5.2.10, of the 2015/16 FReM,
where these paragraphs disclose information relevant to local authorities.
Authorities should note that, unlike the FReM, the Code does not require local
authorities to consider the requirements for sustainability reporting; but neither
does the Code prevent an authority including such information within its
Explanatory ForewordNarrative Report.
3.1.1.2 The Explanatory ForewordNarrative Report shall provide an explanation of the
authority’s financial position, and assist in the interpretation of the financial
statements, including the Group Accounts. It shall also contain a commentary on
the major influences affecting the authority’s income and expenditure and cash
flow, and information on the financial needs and resources of the authority.
Content and style are left to local judgement.
Management Commentary – Scottish Local Authorities

3.1.1.3 Local authorities in Scotland are required by the Local Authority Accounts
(Scotland) Regulations 2014 to provide a management commentary in addition to
the Annual Accounts. Provided that the management commentary includes an
easily understandable guide to the most significant matters in the accounts and
assists with the interpretation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements
of this section of the Code, local authorities need not provide an Explanatory
Foreword in addition to a management commentary.Statutory guidance on the
Management Commentary in Scottish Government Circular 5/2015 “sets aside” the
Code requirement for an Explanatory Foreword. This will mean the requirements
of this section of the Code, with the exception of the requirements to produce a
Funding Analysis (see paragraphs 3.1.2.2 to 3.1.2.6).
3.1.1.4 Local authorities in England are required by Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015
to publish a narrative statement with the Statement of Accounts. Such a narrative
statement shall be provided in accordance with this section of the Code. Note that
CIPFA/LASAAC considers this to be an interim measure until the CIPFA Integrated
Reporting: Public Sector Network4 has finalised its recommendations on integrated
reporting. It is anticipated that these recommendations will be available in 2016
and therefore should be able to be included in the 2017/18 Code.
3.1.1.5 As a part of the requirement to provide a narrative statement, regulation 8(2)
stipulates that a local authority must provide information on its “financial
performance and economy, efficiency and effectiveness in its use of resources
over the financial year”. CIPFA/LASAAC considers that to meet the requirement to
report on the use of resources local authorities in England should follow the FRC
Guidance on the Strategic Report (FRC Guidance) in relation to business
performance. Therefore the narrative statement should provide an analysis of:
a) the development and the performance of the authority in that financial year
and its position at the end of the year (see FRC guidance paragraph 7.38), the
narrative report in that context should:
i) complement the financial statements, where relevant providing additional
explanations of amounts recognised in the financial statements and the
conditions and events that shaped the information in them,
ii) be analysed in the context of the authority’s strategic/corporate reports for
that year; any segmental analysis should be consistent with the authority’s
segment analysis provided in accordance with this section and section 3.4
of this Code,
iii) make reference to cashflows during the year and the factors that may
affect future cash flows, and
iv) include information on an authority’s key strengths and resources (this
might include consideration of an authority’s employees, capital
expenditure and commitments, key services including commentary on
significant matters covered in the budget report, consideration of any
significant assets or liabilities earned or incurred, corporate reputation and
relevant information on service recipients). This might also necessitate
cross reference to the items included in paragraph 3.1.4.1 below.
b) the financial and non-financial performance indicators as relevant to the
performance of the authority (see FRC Guidance, paragraph 7.43); thus in
producing a narrative commentary on the use of resources a local authority
should consider the following:
i) the performance indicators used should include those that the local
4
The Integrated Reporting Network whose Secretariat is provided by CIPFA and the
International Integrated Reporting Council is expected to run over two years, covering
two reporting cycles 2014/2015 onwards.
authority judges as central in assessing progress against the its strategic

objectives, monitoring its risks or otherwise used to measure performance
in the year,
ii) non-financial indicators can be indicators of future financial prospects and
progress in managing risks and opportunities,
iii) performance indicators should, where possible, represent generally
accepted measures of performance for local authorities whether on a
corporate, financial or service basis,
iv) comparatives should be included and any significant changes from year to
year should be explained, and
v) if necessary, appropriate description of the performance indicators should
be provided.
In preparing this section of the narrative report local authorities should also
have regard for the communication principles and the approach to materiality
set out in the FRC Guidance.

3.1.2.1 Information provided in the Explanatory ForewordNarrative Report shall reflect the
accounting requirements of the Code.
Funding Analysis
3.1.2.2 A local authority shall present a Funding Analysis in the Narrative Report
(Management Commentary for Scottish local authorities).
3.1.2.3 An authority shall include a description of the purpose of the statement. The
following description is recommended but not mandatory.
The objective of the Funding Analysis is to demonstrate to council tax, [rent
payers] and other key stakeholders how annual expenditure is used (as defined by
statutory provisions for council tax [and rent setting purposes]) and is funded from
annual resources government grants, rents, council tax and business rates) by
local authorities in comparison with those economic resources consumed or
earned by authorities in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices.
The Funding Analysis also shows how this expenditure is allocated for decision
making purposes between the Council’s directorates/services/departments.
Income and expenditure accounted for under generally accepted accounting
practices is presented more fully in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure
Statement.
3.1.2.4 As a minimum, the Funding Analysis shall include three columns I), II) and III).
These three columns shall present:
I) for income and expenditure chargeable to the General Fund5 the line items that
present the following amounts for the period:
a) Net expenditure of continuing operations chargeable under statutory
funding provisions, analysed by service. Authorities shall present the
service analysis on the basis of their organisational structure under which
they operate (see paragraphs 3.4.2.89. to 3.4.2.94 for provisions on the
service analysis).
b) Other operating expenditure (including precepts (paid to non-principal
authorities) and levies; transfers from the Capital Receipts Reserve equal
to the amounts payable to the Housing Capital Receipts Pool; and transfer
of income on disposal of assets from the Capital Receipts Reserve), all
items as chargeable to the General Fund.
c) Financing and investment income and expenditure (including statutory
charges for financing ie the Minimum Revenue Provision or in Scotland
loans fund charges, capital expenditure charged to the general fund and
HRA balances, revenue expenditure funded from capital, any voluntary
provisions for the repayment of debt).
d) Surplus or deficit on discontinued operations as chargeable to the General
Fund.
e) Taxation and non-specific grant income and expenditure (comprising
council tax income, NDR distribution, non-domestic rates income and
expenditure, unringfenced government grants, Business Rate
Supplements Revenue Account transfers, transfers for Community
Infrastructure Levy chargeable to the General Fund under statutory
requirements).
f) Surplus or deficit on the provision of services.
II) The amounts for each of the line items in I) for the period that adjust column I)
amounts to arrive at column III) (column III) amounts are described below).
These adjustments may be described as adjustments to add expenditure or
income not chargeable to Council Tax or Rents and the removal of
transactions which are only chargeable under statutory provisions; and
III) the net expenditure, or where applicable, income for the equivalent amounts in
the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement per paragraph
3.4.2.38.
The foot of the Funding Analysis shall show the movement for the period including
opening and closing balances on the General Fund. Where an authority has a
Housing Revenue Account these Movements shall be split between the General
Fund and the HRA Movements or an appropriate cross reference shall be made to
5
Note this shall include HRA balances, HRA balances are separately analysed in the
Movement in Reserves Statement and under the requirements of Section 3.5 of the
Code.
those same balances in the Movement in Reserves Statement.

3.1.2..5 An authority will present an analysis between the funding analysis and the net cost
of services in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement in the
Funding Analysis. It shall present a note to the Funding Analysis and which
describes all material reconciling items.
The analysis shall:
 include items that are not a part of the service analysis to items chargeable to
the General Fund that are not chargeable to the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement and vice versa ie adjustments to add expenditure or
income not chargeable to Council Tax or Rents and the removal of
transactions which are only chargeable under statutory provisions. The
analysis shall
 remove items of income and expenditure in paragraph 3.1.2.4 lines I) a) to e)
in the Funding Analysis that are chargeable to the General Fund but are not
chargeable to the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement for
example the Minimum Revenue Provision
 add in expenditure or income that is chargeable to the Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure Statement which are not chargeable to General Fund
Balances eg net gain or loss on sale or derecognition of non-current assets
and non-current assets held for sale.
Local authorities may wish to use the items listed in paragraph 3.4.2.53 to ensure
that they have identified the main statutory reversals that apply. However, all of
these items do not need to be listed separately in the analysis and may be
aggregated, as appropriate.
3.1.2..6 An authority may wish to present a comparison between an authority’s budgeted
performance with the analysis of the income and expenditure required by
paragraph 3.1.2.4, Column I above to demonstrate a local authority’s financial
performance in the year.

3.1.3.1 There are no statutory accounting requirements in respect of the Explanatory
ForewordNarrative Report.

3.1.4.1 It is recommended that the foreword Narrative Report include the following items
that are likely to be significant to the understanding of the financial statements
(these recommended topics are not intended to restrict the content of the
forewordNarrative Report):
a) An explanation of which statements follow, their purpose and the relationship
between them.
b) Service expenditure, interest payable and other operating costs, income from
grants, local taxpayers and other sources, compared in overall terms to the
budget.
c) A note of any material assets acquired or liabilities incurred. If these are
unusual in scale, having regard to the normal activities of the authority, or for
any other reason, the circumstances shall be explained.
d) A note explaining the significance of any pensions liability or asset disclosed.
e) An explanation of any material and unusual charge or credit in the accounts.
This shall be provided whether the charge is made as part of the cost of
services or as an adjustment to the cost of services.
f) Any significant change in accounting policies. The reason for the change, and
the effect on the accounts, shall be explained.
g) Any major change in statutory functions, eg local government reorganisation,
which has a significant impact on the accounts. In addition, a comment on
planned future developments in service delivery, including a summary of
revenue and capital investment plans, distinguishing between expenditure
intended to maintain existing levels of service provision and that intended to
expand existing services or develop new services and the impact of any
reduction in services.
h) A note of the authority’s current borrowing facilities and capital borrowing,
outlining the purpose and impact of financing transactions entered into during
the year and major non-current asset acquisitions and disposals.
i) A summary of the authority’s internal and external sources of funds available
to meet its capital expenditure plans and other financial commitments
including PFI schemes.
j) Details of significant provisions or contingencies and material write-offs. This
disclosure should focus on new items and any significant changes to existing
items.
k) Details of any material events after the reporting date (up to the date the
accounts are authorised for issue).
l) An explanation of the impact of the current economic climate on the authority
and the services it provides.

3.1.5.1 There are no statutory disclosure requirements in relation to the Explanatory
ForewordThe statutory reporting requirements for a narrative statement are
included in the Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015 for English local authorities.
3.1.5.2 The statutory reporting requirements for a Management Commentary are included
in the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014. Scottish Government
Finance Circular 5/2015 provides statutory guidance on the Management

Commentary.

3.1.6.1 This section of the Code has been amended to reflect the requirement for Scottish
local authorities to provide a management commentary with the Annual
Accountsfor local authorities in England to provide a narrative statement with its
published statement of accounts in accordance with the Accounts and Audit
Regulations 2015. It has also been updated for the Statutory Guidance issued by
the Scottish Government on the Management Commentary.
3.1.6.2 This section of the Code now users the term Narrative Report rather than an
Explanatory Foreword.
3.1.6.2 This section of the Code includes the requirement to produce a Funding Analysis
in the Narrative Report (Management Commentary in Scotland).
ED 2 Highways Infrastructure/Transport Infrastructure Asset Measurement and
amendments under the Annual Improvements
CHAPTER FOUR
Non-current assets
4.11 HIGHWAYS NETWORK ASSET1
4.11.1 Introduction
4.11.1.1 Authorities shall account for the Highways Network Asset in accordance with IAS
16 Property, Plant and Equipment, except where adaptations and interpretations to
fit the public sector are detailed in the Code.
4.11.1.2 IPSAS 17 Property, Plant and Equipment is based on IAS 16, and introduces no
additional accounting requirements, although it provides additional guidance for
public sector bodies, ie the basis for determining fair value (now described in the
Code as current value) and introducing the concept of ‘service potential’.
4.11.1.3 This section of the Code only covers property, plant and equipment classified as
the Highways Network Asset. The Highways Network Asset has the same
meaning as transport infrastructure assets described in the CIPFA Code of
Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets. The Highways Network Asset is
accounted for in accordance with Section 4.1 of the Code subject to the specific
requirements of this section of the Code.
4.11.1.4 Components of the Highways Network Asset classified as finance leases under
section 4.2 of the Code (also see IAS 17) shall follow section 4.2 in terms of
recognition; however, in such cases other aspects of the accounting treatment for
these assets, including depreciation, are prescribed in this section. Similarly,
components of the Highways Network Asset acquired under service concession
arrangement (PFI/PPP) schemes shall follow section 4.3 of the Code in terms of
recognition, but subsequent measurement requirements of the Highways Network
Asset held under service concession arrangements including depreciation are
prescribed in this section.
Adaptations and Interpretations for the public sector context

4.11.1.3 Recognition and measurement
 The Highways Network Asset shall be measured at depreciated
replacement cost under the methodologies specified in the CIPFA Code of
Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets; the option given in IAS 16 to
1
Exposure Draft footnote only: this section of the Code is wholly new and therefore has
not been presented in tracked change format to improve the readability of the changes.
measure the carrying amount of this class of assets at historical cost has
been withdrawn.
 Annual Depreciation shall be interpreted as being measured in accordance
with the specifications for each part of the network as provided in the CIPFA
Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets.
 For the Highways Network Asset the option in IAS 16 for the treatment of
accumulated depreciation and impairment where accumulated depreciation
and impairment are eliminated on revaluation are withdrawn.
Definitions
4.11.2.1 The Highways Network Asset is a grouping of inalienable components,
expenditure on which is only recoverable by continued use of the asset created, ie
there is no prospect of sale or alternative use. It has the same meaning as the
class of assets within the scope of the CIPFA Code of Practice on Transport
Infrastructure Assets and includes:
 Carriageways – including urban roads and rural roads.
 Footways and cycletracks (attached to the carriageway or segregated) –
including footways, pedestrian areas, footpaths and cycle tracks. Note that
“segregated” footways and cycletracks should only be included where they
form part of an authority’s highways network.
 Structures – including bridges (span greater than 1.5 m), cantilever road
signs, chambers, cellars, vaults, culverts (span greater than 0.9 m), high
mast lighting columns (height greater than 20m), retaining walls (height
greater than 1.35m), structural earthworks, subway: pipe, tunnels enclosed
length of 150 m or more), underpass/subway: pedestrian (span of 1.5m or
more), underpass: vehicular and any special structure.
 Street Lighting – including lighting columns, lighting unit attached to a wall
or wooden pole, heritage columns, illuminated bollards and illuminated
traffic lights.
 Street furniture – for transport highways or amenity (examples include non-
illuminated traffic signs, safety fences, bollards, bus shelters, cattle grids
trees and tree protection).
 Traffic Management Systems – including traffic signals, pedestrian signals,
zebra crossings, in station, information systems and safety cameras.
 Land – including freehold and rights land.
Infrastructure assets not included in the classification descriptions above
are not part of the Highways Network Asset and would remain to be
reported with other infrastructure assets in property, plant and equipment.

More description of the Highways Network Asset is included in table 4.1 of
the CIPFA Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets.
Recognition
4.11.2.2 The Highways Network Asset includes those components that fall within the scope
of the Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets as defined in paragraph
4.11.2.1.
4.11.2.3 The Highways Network Asset shall be recognised in accordance with the definition
of an asset in section 2.1.2.23 of this Code and in accordance with the recognition
criteria in paragraph 4.1.2.18. The Highways Network Asset shall follow the
recognition requirements for property, plant and equipment unless otherwise
specified in paragraphs 4.11.2.4 to 4.11.2.7 below.
4.11.2.4 Subsequent expenditure on the Highways Network Asset will be capitalised where
it adds to or replaces the economic benefits or the service potential in the asset.
Spending that does not replace or add to the economic benefit or service potential
of the asset shall be charged as expenditure in the year that it is incurred.
4.11.2.6 The Highways Network Asset shall be treated as a single asset for financial
reporting purposes.
4.11.2.7 The Highways Network Asset shall be reported as a separate class of assets on
the face of the balance sheet.
Measurement
4.11.2.8 The Highways Network Asset shall be measured at Depreciated Replacement
Cost in accordance with the methodologies specified in the CIPFA Code of
Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets.
4.11.2.9 Transport infrastructure assets will be subject to valuations in accordance with the
requirements of paragraphs 4.1.2.33 to 4.1.2.47 except as is detailed in
paragraphs 4.11.2.10 to 4.11.2.12 below.
4.11.2.10The Depreciated Replacement Cost measurements of the Highways Network
Asset in accordance with 4.11.2.8 above shall be updated by suitable indices in
accordance with the Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets.
4.11.2.11Annual depreciation of the Highways Network Asset shall be measured in
accordance with the requirements for each component/category of the CIPFA
Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets.
4.11.2.12The Highways Network Asset shall be carried at a revalued amount, being its
revalued amount at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment. When the Highways Network Asset is
revalued, the carrying amount of that asset is adjusted to the revalued amount.
When the Highways Network Asset is revalued, any accumulated depreciation and
impairment at the date of valuation shall follow the option in IAS 16 where the
gross carrying amount is adjusted in a manner that is consistent with the
revaluation of the carrying amount of the asset. The accumulated depreciation at
the date of the revaluation is adjusted to equal the difference between the gross
carrying amount and the carrying amount of the asset after taking into account
accumulated impairment losses.
Derecognition
4.11.2.13 Derecognition of components of the Highways Network Asset shall follow the
requirements for property, plant and equipment. In addition, the cost of the
replacement component shall be used as a proxy for the carrying amount of the
replacement component for derecognition purposes. If authorities have more
detailed information on the gross replacement cost or accumulated depreciation
relating to the components to be derecognised, they may use it. Authorities shall
assume that the asset has reached the end of its useful/economic life and/or has
been fully utilised, unless it has evidence to the contrary and the financial
consequences of the component that should not be derecognised are measurable.
Transition
4.11.2.14The change in the measurement requirements for the Highways Network Asset
shall be treated as a change in accounting policy from 1 April 2016 and in
accordance with section 3.3 of the Code shall be treated as requiring full
retrospective restatement.
4.11.2.15When estimating the historical cost attributable for the Highways Network Asset
on 1 April 2015 in accordance with the requirements of section 3.3 of the Code
local authorities may use any reasonable estimation process to split the
depreciated historical cost of the original infrastructure class of assets between
the residual infrastructure assets and the Highways Network Asset.

4.11.3.1 The statutory accounting requirements set out in sections 2.3, 4.1, and 4.7 of the
Code apply equally to the Highways Network Asset as to other assets.

4.11.4.1 Disclosure of accounting policies in relation the Highways Network Asset is
required (see section 3.4 of the Code). An authority shall disclose information
within these accounting policies that helps users to understand the valuation
techniques used to develop the Depreciated Replacement Cost measurements of
the Highways Network Asset.
4.11.4.2 Having regard to paragraph 3.4.2.27 of the Presentation of Financial Statements
section of the Code, which permits authorities not to provide a specific disclosure if
information is not material, authorities shall disclose the following notes in relation
to the Highways Network Asset:
1) The financial statements shall disclose, for the Highways Network Asset:
a) the measurement base used for determining the gross carrying amount
b) the depreciation methods used
c) the useful lives or the depreciation rates used
d) the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the
period, and
e) a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the
period showing:
i) additions
ii) any components classified as held for sale or included in a disposal
group classified as held for sale in accordance with section 4.9 of the
Code and other disposals, if applicable
iii) increases or decreases resulting from revaluations under section 4.1
and 4.11 of the Code and from impairment losses recognised or
reversed in Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure and taken
to the Revaluation Reserve in accordance with section 4.7 of the
Code
iv) impairment losses recognised in Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services in accordance with section 4.7 of the Code
v) impairment losses reversed in Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
vi) depreciation, and
vii) other changes.
2) The financial statements shall also disclose the amount of contractual
commitments for the acquisition of components of the Highways Network
Asset.
3) In accordance with section 3.3 of the Code, an authority discloses the nature
and effect of a change in an accounting estimate that has an effect in the
current period or is expected to have an effect in subsequent periods. For the
Highways Network Asset, such disclosure may arise from changes in
estimates with respect to:
a) residual values
b) the estimated costs of dismantling, removing or restoring items of
property, plant and equipment
c) useful lives, and
d) depreciation methods.
4) The following shall be disclosed:
a) the effective date of the revaluation; and
b) the methods and significant assumptions applied in estimating the items’
current values.
5) A summary of capital expenditure during the reporting period, including any
parts of the Highways Network Asset acquired under finance leases, together
with the sources of finance and capital financing requirement. This note may
be combined with the equivalent note for property, plant and equipment.
4.11.4.2 In the unlikely case that the Highways Network Asset is classified as a surplus
assets or non-current asset held for sale these assets should be disclosed in
accordance with the requirements of sections 4.1 and 4.9 of the Code.

4.11.5.1 There are no statutory disclosures required in relation to the Highways Network
Asset.
4.11.6 Changes since the 2015/16 Code

4.11.6.1 The 2016/17 Code introduces the new measurement requirements for the
Highways Network Asset based on the methodology in the CIPFA Code of Practice
on Transport Infrastructure assets.
4.1 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.1.1 Authorities shall account for property, plant and equipment in accordance with IAS
16 Property, Plant and Equipment, except where adaptations to fit the public sector
are detailed in the Code.
4.1.1.2 IPSAS 17 Property, Plant and Equipment is based on IAS 16, and introduces no
additional accounting requirements, although it provides additional guidance for
public sector bodies, ie the basis for determining fair value (now described in the
Code as current value) and introducing the concept of ‘service potential’.
4.1.1.3 This section of the Code does not cover property, plant and equipment classified
as Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations in accordance
with section 4.9 of the Code (also see IFRS 5). IAS 16 also refers to other areas
where the standard does not apply; however, these areas may not be common, if
relevant at all, within authorities, ie exploration for and evaluation of mineral
resources. Authorities should refer to IAS 16 for these areas. Tangible heritage
assets are accounted for in accordance with this section of the Code subject to the
specific requirements of section 4.10 of the Code. The Highways Network Asset is
accounted for in accordance with this section of the Code subject to the specific
requirements of section 4.11 of the Code.
4.1.1.4 Property, plant and equipment classified as finance leases under section 4.2 of the
Code (also see IAS 17) shall follow section 4.2 in terms of recognition; however, in
such cases other aspects of the accounting treatment for these assets, including
depreciation, are prescribed in this section. Similarly, property, plant and
equipment acquired under service concession arrangement (PFI/PPP) schemes
shall follow section 4.3 of the Code in terms of recognition, but subsequent
measurement requirements for property, plant and equipment held under service
concession arrangements including depreciation are prescribed in this section.
4.1.1.5 The section of the Code does not apply to investment property (including
investment property under construction) classified under section 4.4 of the Code
(also see IAS 40).
Adaptation and interpretation for the public sector context

4.1.1.6 The following adaptations and interpretation of IAS 16 for the public sector context
apply.
Recognition and measurement
 Infrastructure (except for the Highways Network Asset), community assets
(except for community assets where the valuation option has been adopted,
in accordance with section 4.10 of the Code) and assets under construction
(excluding investment property – see section 4.4 of the Code) shall be
measured at historical cost; the option given in IAS 16 to measure the

carrying amount of these classes of assets at fair value has been
withdrawn. For 2015/16, iInfrastructure or community assets (except for
community assets where the valuation option has been adopted, in
accordance with section 4.10 of the Code) shall also not be measured at
current value.
 All other classes of asset shall be measured at current value (or in the case
of heritage assets, valuation, in accordance with 4.10 of the Code). If there
is no market-based evidence of current value because of the specialist
nature of the asset and the asset is rarely sold, authorities may need to
estimate current value using a depreciated replacement cost approach.
The current value of council dwellings shall be measured using existing use
value–social housing (EUV–SH).
 Where an asset is not held for the purpose of generating cash flows, value
in use is the present value of the asset’s remaining service potential, which
can be assumed to be at least equal to the cost of replacing that service
potential.
 An authority shall not implement the requirements of the Code in relation to
accounting for the depreciation of significant components of an asset and
the derecognition of old components and recognition of new components
retrospectively. These requirements shall be applicable to enhancement
and acquisition expenditure incurred, and revaluations carried out, from 1
April 2010.
 For the avoidance of doubt, a ‘short period’ for the revaluation of a class of
assets is interpreted to mean that assets are normally revalued once every
five years for each class of assets, provided that carrying amount does not
differ materially from that which would be determined using the current
value at the end of the reporting period.
 For property, plant and equipment within this section of the Code the option
in IAS 16 for the treatment of accumulated depreciation and impairment
where the gross carrying amount is adjusted in a manner that is consistent
with the revaluation of the carrying amount of the asset is withdrawn.
Definitions
 For this section of the Code, current value (for land and buildings) is to be
interpreted as the amount that would be exchanged for the asset in its
existing use. This requirement is met by providing a valuation on the basis
of existing use value (EUV) in accordance with UKVS 1.3 of the RICS
Valuation – Professional Standards.
Definitions
4.1.2.1 Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised after deducting
any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
4.1.2.2 Class of property, plant and equipment is a grouping of assets of a similar
nature and use in an authority’s operations. The following classes of property,
plant and equipment are used in the Code:
Operational assets
 Council dwellings (ie dwellings within the Housing Revenue Account).
 Other land and buildings.
 Vehicles, plant, furniture and equipment.
 Infrastructure assets (inalienable assets, expenditure on which is only
recoverable by continued use of the asset created, ie there is no prospect of
sale or alternative use; examples include highways, structural maintenance
of highways, footpaths, bridges, permanent ways, coastal defences, water
supply and drainage systems). Infrastructure assets no longer include
highways network asset2.
 Community assets (ie assets that an authority intends to hold in perpetuity,
that have no determinable useful life and which may, in addition, have
restrictions on their disposal). The definition of community assets no longer
includes items that are now accounted for as heritage assets.
Non-operational assets
 Surplus assets (ie assets that are not being used to deliver services, but
which do not meet the criteria to be classified as either investment
properties under section 4.4 of the Code or non-current assets held for sale
under section 4.9 of the Code).
 Assets under construction.
Measurement after recognition

4.1.2.30 Infrastructure assets and assets under construction (excluding investment property
– see section 4.4 of the Code) shall be measured at depreciated historical cost.
An authority may measure community assets at either valuation (in accordance
with section 4.10 of the Code) or historical cost.
2
The highways network asset has the same meaning as those assets described within
the Code of Practice on Transport Infrastructure Assets ie transport infrastructure assets.
4.1.2.31 All other classes of asset shall be measured at current value. For operational assets
where there is an active market, this shall be existing use value in accordance with
the RICS definitions. If there is no market-based evidence of current value because
of the specialist nature of the asset and/or the asset is rarely sold, authorities may
need to estimate current value using a DRC approach. The current value of council
dwellings shall be measured using EUV–SH. EUV–SH and DRC are methods of
valuation that are based on current value with additional special assumptions for
each of the respective methods. Surplus assets shall be measured at fair value. The
Highways Network Asset shall be measured in accordance with section 4.11 of the
Code.
4.1.2.32 Authorities may elect to adopt a depreciated historical cost basis as a proxy for
current value for non-property assets that have short useful lives or low values (or
both). For depreciated historical cost to be considered as a proxy for current
value, the useful life must be a realistic reflection of the life of the asset and the
depreciation method used must provide a realistic reflection of the consumption of
that asset class.
4.1.2.33 Classes of assets whose current value can be measured reliably shall be carried at
a revalued amount, being its current value at the date of revaluation less any
subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. When an item
of property, plant and equipment is revalued, the carrying amount of that asset is
adjusted to the revalued amount3. When an asset is revalued, aAny accumulated
depreciation and impairment at the date of valuation shall be eliminated against the
gross carrying amount of the assets and the net amount restated to the revalued
amount of the asset.: See section 4.11 for the treatment of accumulated
depreciation and impairment for the highways network asset.
be eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset and the net amount
restated to the revalued amount of the asset, or
where authorities choose to use the alternative method, be proportionately restated at
the date of valuation (where authorities choose this method, they should refer to
IAS 16).
3
Exposure Draft footnote only, this is a minor drafting improvement and emanates from
IAS 16, paragraph 35.
Measurement Decision for an Item of Property, Plant and

Equipment
DIAGRAM AT END OF EXPOSURE DRAFT TO BE INSERTED

HERE
Depreciation
4.1.2.40 Land and buildings are separate assets and shall be accounted for separately,
even when they are acquired together. Depreciation applies to all property, plant
and equipment, whether held at historical cost or revalued amount, with two
exceptions:
 land where it can be demonstrated that the asset has an unlimited useful
life (excluding land subject to depletion, ie quarries and landfill sites), and
 heritage and community assets that have an indefinite life.
4.1.2.41 An asset shall not be depreciated until it is available for use, ie when it is in the
location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner
intended by management. Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of:
 the date that the asset is classified as held for sale in accordance with
section 4.9 of the Code (also see IFRS 5), and
 the date the asset is derecognised.
4.1.2.42 The only other ground for not charging depreciation is when the residual value of
an asset is equal to or greater than the asset’s carrying amount. Repairs and
maintenance do not remove the need to depreciate an asset.
4.1.2.43 Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant
in relation to the total cost of the item shall be depreciated separately. Where
there is more than one significant part of the same asset which has the same
useful life and depreciation method, such parts may be grouped in determining the
depreciation charge. In practice this can be achieved by only separately
accounting for significant components that have different useful lives and/or
depreciation methods. The requirement for componentisation for depreciation
purposes shall be applicable to enhancement and acquisition expenditure incurred,
and revaluations carried out, from 1 April 2010.
4.1.2.44 The depreciation charge shall be based on the depreciable amount allocated over
the useful life of the asset, using a depreciation method that reflects the pattern in
which the asset’s future economic benefits or service potential are expected to be
consumed.
4.1.2.45 The depreciation charge for each period shall be recognised in Surplus or Deficit
on the Provision of Services unless it is included in the carrying amount of another
asset. General Fund service revenue accounts, central support services
departments or directorates, and trading accounts and the Housing Revenue
Account (as defined in CIPFA’s Service Reporting Code of Practice) shall be
charged with depreciation.
4.1.2.46 The residual value, useful life and depreciation method shall be reviewed at least
at each financial year end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates in
relation to residual value and/or useful life and/or there has been a significant
change in the pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits or service
potential, the changes shall be accounted for as a change in an accounting
estimate (as opposed to a change in accounting policy) in accordance with chapter
three of the Code (also see IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting
Estimates and Errors). The requirement to review the residual value, useful life and
depreciation method at least at each financial year shall be in addition to the
valuations at intervals of no more than five years (see paragraphs 4.1.2.37 to
4.1.2.38).
4.1.2.47 To determine whether an item of property, plant and equipment is impaired, local
authorities shall refer to section 4.7 of the Code (also see IAS 36 Impairment of
Assets).
Transition
4.1.2.55 The changes in measurement base to fair value for surplus assets shall be applied
prospectively from 1 April 2015.
General Fund – depreciation

4.1.3.1 Depreciation charged to Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services is not a
proper charge to the General Fund (see part 2 of Appendix B for the legislative
basis). Such amounts shall be transferred to the Capital Adjustment Account and
reported in the Movement in Reserves Statement.
4.1.3.2 On a revalued asset, a transfer between the Revaluation Reserve and Capital
Adjustment Account shall be carried out which represents the difference between
depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset and the
depreciation based on the asset’s historical cost.
Housing Revenue Account – depreciation

4.1.3.3 The Housing Revenue Account Income and Expenditure Statement shall be
4.1.3.5 England: Depreciation is not a proper charge to the General Fund. However, for
HRA non-dwellings, depreciation charged to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision
of Services in the Housing Revenue Account in England shall be charged in
accordance with the requirements of The Item 8 Credit and Item 8 Debit (General)
Determination from 1 April 2012.
4.1.3.6 To ensure compliance with the Accounts and Audit Regulations and The Item 8
Credit and Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April 2012 requirements for
the Major Repairs Reserve, depreciation for HRA dwellings charged to the Housing
Revenue Account is subject to statutory provisions designed to specify the impact
on the HRA (see part 2 of Appendix B for the legislative basis). The following
entries are required or permitted in respect of the Major Repairs Reserve:
 The Major Repairs Reserve shall be credited, and Housing Revenue
Account balances debited, with an amount equal to the depreciation
charged to the HRA in accordance with this Code. This transfer is required
to meet the requirements of the Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations
2011 (Regulation 7(5)(a)). In order to neutralise the impact on the HRA of
this entry, a corresponding transfer is also required where Housing
Revenue Account balances are credited and the Capital Adjustment
Account is debited. Both these transfers shall be reported in the Movement
in Reserves Statement.
 Where depreciation charges for HRA dwellings are greater than the notional
Major Repairs Allowance (MRA), an amount equal to the difference is
permitted to be transferred to the Housing Revenue Account from the Major
Repairs Reserve and reported in the Movement in Reserves Statement.
(Note that this transfer is permitted on a transitional basis as specified by
The Item 8 Credit and Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April
2012.)
 A debit to the HRA equal to the amount that has been credited to the HRA
for decent homes backlog funding and a corresponding credit to the Major
Repairs Reserve in accordance with the requirements of The Item 8 Credit
and Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April 2012.
 Where an authority funds capital expenditure on dwellings from the Major
Repairs Reserve, this shall be accounted for by debiting the Major Repairs
Reserve and crediting the Capital Adjustment Account, this transfer to be

 Where repayments of principal of any amounts borrowed, or repayments to
meet any liability in respect of credit arrangements (other than any liability
which, in accordance with proper practices, must be charged to a revenue
account), are to be funded from the Major Repairs Reserve, this shall be
accounted for by debiting the Major Repairs Reserve and crediting the
Capital Adjustment Account, this transfer to be reported in the Movement in
Reserves Statement.
 An authority is permitted by The Item 8 Credit and Item 8 Debit (General)
Determination from 1 April 2012 to make an additional voluntary credit
transfer to the Major Repairs Reserve for an amount ‘in excess of any
charge for depreciation to its Major Repairs Reserve’.
4.1.3.7 Scotland: Depreciation for HRA dwellings and non-dwellings charged to Surplus
or Deficit on the Provision of Services are not proper charges to the Housing
Revenue Account (see part 2 of Appendix B for the legislative basis). Such
amounts shall be transferred to the Capital Adjustment Account and reported in the
Movement in Reserves Statement and replaced with HRA loans fund principal, via
a transfer from the Capital Adjustment Account.
4.1.3.8 Wales: Depreciation for HRA dwellings and non-dwellings charged to Surplus or
Deficit on the Provision of Services are not proper charges to the Housing
Movement in Reserves Statement and replaced with HRA Minimum Revenue
Provision, via transfer.
Revaluation gains or losses

4.1.3.9 The General Fund and Housing Revenue Account (as defined in CIPFA’s Service
Reporting Code of Practice) shall be charged in certain instances with revaluation
gains or losses in accordance with this section of the Code.
4.1.3.10 Revaluation gains or losses charged to Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
Services are not proper charges to the General Fund (see part 2 of Appendix B for
the legislative basis). Such amounts shall be transferred to the Capital Adjustment
Account and reported in the Movement in Reserves Statement.
Gains or losses on derecognition

4.1.3.11 Net gains or losses on derecognition shall be charged to other operating
expenditure.
4.1.3.12 The gain or loss is not a proper charge to the General Fund or Housing Revenue
Account (see part 2 of Appendix B for the legislative basis). As a result the
General Fund or Housing Revenue Account should be debited (in the case of a
gain) or credited (in the case of a loss) with an amount equal to the gain or loss on
disposal of the asset (net of any disposal costs), with the double entries being:
 a credit to the Capital Receipts Reserve or (in Scotland) a statutory capital
fund of an amount equal to the disposal proceeds (subject to paragraph
4.1.2.52)
 a debit to the Capital Adjustment Account of an amount equal to the
carrying amount of the fixed asset disposal (less any balance transferred
from the Donated Assets Account).
4.1.3.13 If the asset derecognised was carried at a revalued amount an additional entry is
required; the balance on the Revaluation Reserve in respect of asset derecognised
is written off to the Capital Adjustment Account and reported in the Movement in
Reserves Statement.
4.1.3.14 In England and Wales only, the proportion that is required to be paid over to
central government as a ‘housing pooled capital receipt’ should be charged to
Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services and the same amount appropriated
from the Capital Receipts Reserve and credited to the General Fund Balance and
Minimum Revenue Provision and Loans Fund Charges

4.1.3.15 Minimum Revenue Provision (England, Northern Ireland and Wales) and Loans
Fund Charges (Scotland) are proper charges to the General Fund, but do not
appear in the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement. Such amounts
shall be transferred from the Capital Adjustment Account and reported in the
Movement in Reserves Statement. The amounts of Minimum Revenue Provision
or Loans Fund Charges to be charged to the General Fund for the year are set out
in the appropriate regulations and statutory guidance (see part 2 of Appendix B for
the legislative basis).

4.1.4.1 Where authorities conclude that following the requirements of this section of the
Code results in accounting entries that are immaterial, authorities need not follow
this section of the Code and include the de minimis level within the disclosure of
accounting policies (see section 3.4 of the Code).
4.1.4.2 Disclosure of accounting policies in relation to property, plant and equipment is
required (see section 3.4 of the Code). An authority shall disclose information
within these accounting policies that helps users to understand the valuation
techniques used to develop the current value measurements for significant
categories of property, plant and equipment.
to property, plant and equipment and transport infrastructure assets:
1) The financial statements shall disclose, for each class of property, plant and
equipment and transport infrastructure assets:
a) the measurement bases used for determining the gross carrying amount
b) the depreciation methods used
c) the useful lives or the depreciation rates used
d) the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the
period, and
e) a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the
period showing:
i) additions
ii) assets classified as held for sale or included in a disposal group
classified as held for sale in accordance with section 4.9 of the Code
and other disposals
iii) increases or decreases resulting from revaluations under section 4.1
of the Code and from impairment losses recognised or reversed in
Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure and taken to the
Revaluation Reserve in accordance with section 4.7 of the Code
iv) impairment losses recognised in Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
v) impairment losses reversed in Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of
vi) depreciation, and
vii) other changes.
2) The financial statements shall also disclose the amount of contractual
commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment and
transport infrastructure assets.
3) In accordance with section 3.3 of the Code, an authority discloses the nature
and effect of a change in an accounting estimate that has an effect in the
current period or is expected to have an effect in subsequent periods. For
property, plant and equipment and transport infrastructure assets, such
disclosure may arise from changes in estimates with respect to:
a) residual values
b) the estimated costs of dismantling, removing or restoring items of
c) useful lives, and
d) depreciation methods.
4) If items of property, plant and equipment are stated at revalued amounts, the
following shall be disclosed:

a) the effective date of the revaluation
b) whether an in-house or external valuer was involved, and
c) the methods and significant assumptions applied in estimating the items’
current values.
5) A sSummary of capital expenditure during the reporting period, including
assets acquired under finance leases, analysed for each category of fixed
assets, together with the sources of finance and capital financing requirement.
This disclosure may be combined with the same disclosure for the Highways
Network Asset.
4.1.4.4 Paragraph 4.1.2.2 of the Code sets out the classes of property, plant and
equipment used in the Code, ie council dwellings, other land and buildings,
vehicles, plant, furniture and equipment, infrastructure assets (now excluding the
Highways Network Asset), community assets, assets under construction and
surplus assets (those assets that are surplus to service needs but that do not meet
the criteria to be classified as either investment property or assets held for sale).
Authorities shall disclose the information set out in paragraph 4.1.4.3 on this basis.
4.1.4.5 An authority may elect (but is not required) to make disclosures in respect of
community assets in accordance with section 4.10 of the Code (Heritage Assets)
rather than in accordance with this section of the Code. An authority may elect
(but is not required) to separately disclose those community assets reported in the
Balance Sheet that it holds on trust. As property, plant and equipment items, the
disclosures in paragraphs 4.1.4.1 to 4.1.4.4 apply to surplus assets. However, as
surplus assets are measured at fair value, the disclosures in section 2.10 will apply
to surplus assets, where relevant, and subject to the materiality judgements of the
authority.

4.1.5.1 There are no statutory disclosures required in relation to property, plant and
equipment.

4.1.6.1 The 20152016/16 17 Code clarifies the current adaptation of the measurement
requirements for property, plant and equipment following the adoption of IFRS 13
and has introduced the concept of current value. Current value in this section of
the Code includes four measurement bases. Note that this new definition of
current value means that the measurement requirements for property, plant and
equipment providing service potential for an authority have not changed from the
2014/15 Code. The 2015/16 Code has changed the measurement requirements
for assets classified as surplus assets. These assets are now to be measured at
fair value in accordance with the definition in IFRS 13 and without any adaptations
to that definitionintroduces the new measurement requirements for the Highways

Network in Section 4.11. The property, plant and equipment section of the Code
includes consequential amendments for the definitions, measurement and
disclosure provisions.
4.1.6.2 The 2015/162016/17 Code introduces an interpretation to clarify what a short
period means for the measurement of a class of assets for local authoritiesincludes
clarifications on the treatment of accumulated depreciation and impairment
following consideration of the Annual Improvements 2010 to 2012.
ED 2 Changes for Highways Network/Transport Infrastructure Asset
Measurement
Measurement Decision for an Item of Property, Plant and

Equipment
Outside scope of this section of the Code
Is the asset an item of – (see sections 4.4, 4.5, 4.9, 4.10*,
property, plant and 4.11* and possibly 5.1 of the Code)
No
Start equipment (see
paragraph 4.1.2.2 and *note that heritage assets and the
4.1.2.3)? Highways Network Asset are items of
property, plant and equipment but there
Yes are specific recognition and measurement
requirements for these assets in Sections
4.10 and 4.11.
Is the asset classified as one of the
following:
Measure at Depreciated
 Infrastructure (except the Historical Cost or chose to value
Yes Yes
Highways Network Asset)? community assets at Valuation
in accordance with section 4.10
 community assets? of the Code
No
 under construction?
No
Measure using a Current Value basis
Is the asset currently Surplus Assets

No
providing service potential
for the authority? Measure at Fair Value in
accordance with section 2.10
(IFRS 13)
Yes
Does the asset have one of No active market/specialised

the following characteristics:
Measure at Depreciated
 active market? Replacement Cost (see RICS
UKGN2)
 no active market and
specialised?
Yes active market Council Dwelling
 a council dwelling?
Measure at Existing Use Value
 short life/low value? – Social Housing in accordance
Active market
with RICS definitions
Active Market Short Life
Measure at Existing Use Authorities may opt to measure at

Value in accordance with Depreciated Historical Cost as a
RICS definitions – UKVS 1.3 proxy for current value (see
paragraph 4.2.2.30)
ED 3 Accounting and Reporting by Pension Funds
6.5 ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING BY PENSION

FUNDS
6.5.1 Introduction
6.5.1.1 The objective of IAS 26 Retirement Benefit Plans is to provide guidance on the
form and content of the financial statements prepared by retirement benefit plans
(which were referred to as Pension Funds in the 2009 SORP). However, IAS 26
does not require retirement benefit plan statements to be prepared; rather it
requires IAS 26 to be applied ‘where such statements are prepared’. It
complements IAS 19 Employee Benefits, which deals with the determination of the
cost of retirement benefits in the financial statements of employers. Authorities
shall account for retirement benefit plans in accordance with IAS 26, except where
adaptations to fit the public sector are detailed in the Code.
6.5.1.2 IAS 26 (unlike the Pension SORP under UK GAAP, on which the local authority
SORP requirements were based) does not set out to comprehensively specify the
requirements for preparing financial statements for a retirement benefit plan; and
other relevant provisions of IFRS apply to the extent that they are not superseded
by specific IAS 26 requirements. So, for example, to the extent that they are not
superseded by specific IAS 26 requirements:
 the IFRS financial instruments standards (IAS 39, IAS 32 and IFRS 7 (as
adapted by the Code)) govern the recognition, measurement, presentation and
disclosure of financial instruments as specified in section 7.4 of the Code
(although many requirements are inapplicable since all material financial
instruments are carried at fair value through profit or loss), and
 the section of IAS 19 (as adapted by the Code) on post-employment benefits
governs the measurement of a plan’s obligation to provide pension benefits.
 the IFRS 13 scope exclusion for fair value investment disclosures for IAS 26
has been adapted (and therefore removed) in section 2.10 of the Code such
that the IFRS 13 fair value disclosures apply to those investments.
6.5.1.3 Similarly, this section of the Code does not by itself specify all the requirements for
preparing retirement benefit plan financial statements; other relevant provisions of
the Code apply to the extent they are not superseded by this section of the Code.
However, to facilitate preparation of retirement benefit plan statements, this Code
includes some requirements drawn from other parts of IFRS and legislation where
these are clearly applicable (eg because a plan holds financial instruments) in
addition to specific IAS 26 based requirements.
6.5.1.4 Under IAS 26 and the Code, a retirement benefit plan is a reporting entity separate
from the employers of the participants in the fund for financial reporting purposes.
This is congruent with 2009 SORP, which required authorities that administer
pension funds (administering authorities) to include pension fund accounts in their

Statements of Accounts. Retirement benefit plans are more commonly referred to
in the UK as pension funds and ‘pension fund’ is the terminology adopted by the
Code.
Pension fund annual reports

6.5.1.5 Under the Local Government Pension Scheme Regulations 2013 and the Local
Government Pension Scheme (Administration) (Scotland) Regulations 2008 (as
amended), administering authorities of LGPS funds are required to prepare a
pension fund annual report. The annual report is not required to be included in the
administering authority’s main Statement of Accounts, but is required to be
published separately. Regulations1 require pension fund annual reports to include
a ‘Fund Account and Net Assets Statement with supporting notes and disclosures
prepared in accordance with proper practices’.
6.5.1.6 The proper practices for the preparation of both the pension fund accounts
included in an administering authority’s Statement of Accounts and those required
to be included in the pension fund annual report are contained in the Code.
6.5.1.7 After consulting with key stakeholders on the matter, CIPFA/LASAAC has
concluded that the statutory requirement for administering authorities to prepare
pension fund annual reports does not change the requirement for them to include
pension fund accounts in their Statements of Accounts. CIPFA/LASAAC has
raised with key stakeholders the issue of whether, for the future, legislation should
be amended to allow administering authorities that publish an annual pension fund
report containing pension fund accounts prepared in accordance with proper
practices not to include pension fund accounts in their main Statement of
Accounts, but rather to disclose how the pension fund annual report can be
accessed or obtained.
6.5.1.7 The Scottish Government has specified in Finance Circular 16/2011 20152 that
Scottish authorities administering local government pension schemes should
publish separate financial statements for these schemes. The statutory guidance
stipulates the minimum disclosure requirements within the administering authority’s
financial statements. These disclosures are set out in paragraph 6.5.5.34. The
guidance that accompanies the statutory guidance confirms that the Code will
continue to be regarded as proper accounting practices to be observed in the
preparation and publication of Scottish local authority pension fund accounts.
1
Section 76B of the Local Government Pension Scheme Regulations (England and Wales)
or regulation 31A of the Local Government Pension Scheme (Administration) (Scotland)
Regulations 2008.
2
The original requirements for this move were contained in Scottish Government
Finance Circular 1/2011. This was replaced by Circular 6/2015.
6.5.2 Adaptation for the Public Sector Context
Requirement to prepare pension fund accounts

6.5.2.1 IAS 26 does not require pension fund accounts to be prepared or indicate the
circumstances that it would be appropriate to prepare pension fund accounts.
Local policing bodies (local policing bodies in this section of the Code are those
bodies defined in section 96 of the Police and Social Responsibility Act 2011) and
fire and rescue service pension funds are single employer and unfunded and
therefore the benefit of preparing IAS 26 compliant pension fund accounts is
reduced since the police or fire and rescue services main Statement of Accounts
will contain much of the relevant information. The Code does not require local
policing bodies and fire and rescue service authorities to prepare IAS 26 based
pension fund accounts. However, each individual local policing body and fire and
rescue service authority (FRSA) in England and Wales is required by legislation to
operate a pension fund and include pension fund accounts in its Statement of
Accounts. This requirement was introduced in 2007/08 in England and Wales,
when the funding arrangement changed from one where the police or FRSA met
pension benefits directly, to one where the employer was required to pay an
employer’s contribution at a specified percentage rate and operate a pension fund.
6.5.2.2 For pension funds participating in the following pension schemes, pension fund
accounts in accordance with paragraphs 6.5.3.1 to 6.5.5.1 of the Code shall be
prepared by the local authority that administers the Pension Fund:
a) the Local Government Pension Scheme (in England and Wales)
b) the Local Government Pension Scheme (in Scotland).
For pension funds participating in the following pension schemes, pension fund
accounts in accordance with paragraphs 6.5.6.1 to 6.5.6.6 shall be prepared:
a) the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme for England
b) the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme for Wales
c) the Police Pension Scheme in England and Wales.
Valuation of financial instruments
6.5.2.3 IAS 26 is a very old standard dating back to 1988 and one of its provisions is
incompatible with the much more recently issued IAS 19. IAS 26 includes an
option to carry securities that have a fixed redemption value and that have been
acquired to match the obligations of the plan, or specific part thereof ‘at amounts
based on their ultimate redemption value assuming a constant rate to maturity’.
IAS 19 does not permit this and the option shall not be used under the Code.
6.5.2.4 IAS 26 requires marketable securities to be carried at market value; the Code
clarifies that the market value that shall be used is the bid price in accordance with
the provisions of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement for
determining the fair value of financial instruments.
Analysis of investment assets and income

6.5.2.5 Paragraph 35 of IAS 26 requires the net assets available for benefit at the end of
the period to be ‘suitably classified’. In order to ensure comparability between
different local authority pension fund disclosures in this key area, requirements
based on the Financial Reports of Pension Schemes – A Statement of
Recommended Practice 2015 (2015 Pension SORP) have been included. For
similar reasons, an analysis of investment income based on the Pension SORP
has been adopted by the Code to ensure authorities also disclose comparable
information in this area.
Additional voluntary contributions

6.5.2.6 The matter of additional voluntary contributions (AVCs) paid by members and
separately invested outside the pension fund is not covered by IAS 26. The Code
requires note disclosure of such AVC transactions. The Code note is based on the
similar 2009 2015 Pension SORP disclosure.
Actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits

6.5.2.7 IAS 26 requires the ‘actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits’ to be
disclosed, which is the IAS 26 terminology for what IAS 19 refers to as the ‘defined
benefit obligation’. IAS 26 permits the valuation to be based on either current
salary levels or projected salary levels. IAS 19 (and the Code) requires projected
salary levels to be used when measuring the defined benefit obligation of an
employer. Therefore, for consistency between what the employers participating in
a pension fund disclose in their Statements of Accounts, and what the pension
fund discloses as the ‘defined benefit obligation’ for the pension fund accounts as a
whole, the option to use current salary levels is not permitted when measuring the
actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits of a pension fund.
6.5.2.8 IAS 26 requires the actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits to be
disclosed. However, it gives three options for disclosure:
 Option A – in the Net Assets Statement, in which case it requires the
statement to disclose the resulting surplus or deficit
 Option B – in the notes to the accounts
 Option C – by reference to this information in an accompanying actuarial
report.
If an actuarial valuation has not been prepared at the date of the financial
statements, IAS 26 requires the most recent valuation (which should be based on
IAS 19, not the pension fund’s funding assumptions) to be used as a base and the
date of the valuation disclosed. The Code Board is of the view that the options B
and C outlined above do not require the assets and liabilities in the pension fund to
represent the position at the end of the reporting period. The Code Board’s
preferred approach is Option A in order that the assets and liabilities in the pension
fund are disclosed at the end of the reporting period. However, the Code permits
the use of options B and C.
6.5.2.9 In the Code Board’s view, it would be unhelpful to present as a surplus or deficit on
the pension fund an amount derived by comparing the pension fund’s assets at the
Balance Sheet date with its pension liabilities at an earlier date. Option A may only
be used where the actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits being
disclosed is at the end of the reporting period. However, Option A does not require
a full actuarial valuation to be undertaken every year; the same actuarial
techniques for rolling forward the last full triennial actuarial revaluation used to
estimate individual employers’ IAS 19 pension liabilities between triennial
revaluations may be used.
Financial instruments
6.5.2.10 There is a general requirement under IFRS to disclose matters that are material to
an understanding of the financial position and financial performance of an entity, as
well as specific requirements in IFRS 7 to report on the risks to which financial
instruments expose the entity. With regard to this, investments in non-sterling
securities are subject to extra risk in the form of exchange rate risk; and stock
lending is in the nature of a trading activity rather than an investing activity, and
entails counter-party default risks. Note disclosures concerning these have been
included in the Code.
6.5.3 Accounting Requirements (excluding police and fire

and rescue service pension funds)
6.5.3.1 Pension funds may be either defined contribution funds or defined benefit funds.
Defined contribution funds, if they occur at all, are rare in local authorities: all the
pension schemes in which significant numbers of local authority employees
participate provide pension benefits on a defined benefit basis. Defined
contribution pension funds are not covered in detail by the Code; should they occur
the requirements of IAS 26 shall be followed.
Scottish Administering Authorities

6.5.3.2 Scottish authorities administering local government pension schemes are required
to publish separate financial statements. Scottish local authorities shall therefore
provide separate financial statements under the reporting requirements of this
Code (and specifically this section of the Code). Statutory guidance for the
reporting requirements of separate financial statements is provided under Scottish
Local Government Finance Circular No. 6/2015.
Valuation of plan assets for all plans

6.5.3.23 Pension fund investments shall be carried at fair value. In the case of marketable
securities, fair value shall be market value and the current bid price shall be used.
Defined benefit pension funds

6.5.3.34 The objective of reporting by a defined benefit pension fund is periodically to
provide information about the financial resources and activities of the pension fund
that is useful in assessing the relationships between its benefit obligations and the
accumulation of resources available to meet those benefit obligations over time.
6.5.3.45 The financial statements of a defined benefit pension fund shall contain:
a) A fund account disclosing changes in net assets available for benefits (see
paragraphs 6.5.3.5 and 6.5.6.6. Where presentation Option A (see paragraph
6.5.2.8) is followed the change in the actuarial present value of promised
retirement benefits for the period and the resulting surplus or deficit for the
period is also shown.
b) A net assets statement showing the assets available for benefits at the year
endyear-end (see paragraphs 6.5.3.5 and 6.5.6.6. Where presentation Option
A (see paragraph 6.5.2.8) is followed, the actuarial present value of promised
retirement benefits and the net pension liability or asset at the period end is
also shown.
c) Notes to the accounts - (see paragraphs 6.5.5.1 and 6.5.6.7).
Defined Benefit Pension Funds (excluding police and fire and

rescue services pension funds)
6.5.3.5 The presentation and disclosure requirements Defined Benefit Pension Funds
(excluding police and fire and rescue services pension funds) are shown below.
a) Fund Account
Note: the major categories are indicated in bold. The unbolded items may shall be
analysed in the notes to the accounts, if not shown on the face of the Fund
Account or Net Assets Statement.
Contributions
 Employer contributions
 Member contributions
Transfers in from other pension funds
 Group Transfers from other schemes or funds
 Individual Transfers from other schemes or funds
Other income
Benefits
 Pensions
 Commutation of pensions and lump sum retirement benefits
 Purchased annuities
 Lump sum death benefits
Payments to and on account of leavers
 Refunds to members leaving scheme or fund
 Payments for members joining state scheme or fund
 Group transfers to other schemes or funds
 Individual transfers to other schemes or funds
Other payments
Administrative Management expenses34
Subtotal: Net additions/(withdrawals) from dealings with members (Net
amount of income or expenditure represented by the items above)
Investment income
 Dividends from equities
 Income from bonds
 Net rents from properties (any material netting off should be disclosed)
 Income from pooled investment vehicles
 Income from derivatives
 Interest on cash deposits
 Share of profit/losses from associates and joint ventures
 Other
Interest from fixed interest securities
Dividends from equities
Income from index-linked securities
Income from pooled investment vehicles
3
The Code uses the term management expenses as this is a better description of
the costs incurred by pension funds; however, this has the same meaning as
administrative expenses in IAS 26.
4
The Code refers to ‘administrative expenses’ in accordance with the requirements of IAS
26. CIPFA has issued guidance, Accounting for Local Government Pension Scheme
Management Costs. This guidance does not change the accounting requirements for
administrative expenses in IAS 26 but describes them instead as ‘management expenses
or costs’. It does, however, suggest additional disclosure requirements. CIPFA/LASAAC
recommends that local authorities have due regard to this guidance.
Net rents from properties

Interest on cash deposits
Share of profit/losses from associates and joint ventures
Income from derivatives
Other (for example stock lending or underwriting)
Profit and losses on disposal of investments and changes in value of investments
Taxes on income
Subtotal: Net return on investments
Net increase (decrease) in the net assets available for benefits during the
year
Note: only where presentation Option A has been adopted (see paragraph 6.5.2.8)
also show the following.
Change in actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits

Vested benefits
Non-vested benefits
Surplus/(deficit) on the pension fund for the year
b) Net Assets Statement

Investment assets
 Fixed interest securities (analysed between public sector and other)
 Equities (including convertible shares)
Index-linked securities (analysed between public sector and other)
 Bonds
 Pooled investment vehicles (analysed between unit trusts, unitised
insurance policies and other managed funds (including open-ended
investment trusts, OEICSs, and assets held in limited liability –
partnerships), showing separately those funds invested in property)
 Derivative contracts (including futures, options, forward foreign
exchange contracts and swaps)
 Property
 Insurance policies (with profit contracts, unitised with-profits contracts
and annuity and deferred annuity contracts)
 Loans
 Other investments (such as works of art)
 Cash deposits (including fixed term deposits, certificates of deposit,
floating rate notes and other cash instruments)
 Other investment balances (such as debtors in respect of investment

transactions where these form part of the net assets available for
investment within the investment portfolio; and other assets and
liabilities directly connected with investment transactions, accrued
dividend entitlements and recoverable withholding tax, suitably
analysed where material)
Investment liabilities
 Derivative contracts (including futures, options, forward foreign
exchange contracts and swaps)
 Other investment balances (such as creditors in respect of investment
transactions and other liabilities directly connected with investment
transactions)
Borrowings
 Sterling
 Foreign currency
Current assets
 Contributions due from employers
 Other current assets
 Cash balances (not forming part of the investment assets)
Current liabilities
 Unpaid benefits
 Other current liabilities (such as accrued expenses, other than liabilities
to pay pensions and other benefits in the future)
Net assets of the scheme available to fund benefits at the period end
Note: only where presentation Option A has been adopted (see paragraph 6.5.2.8)
also show the following.
Actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits
Vested benefits
Non-vested benefits
Net pension liability or asset at the reporting period end
6.5.4 Statutory Accounting Requirements for Defined Benefit

Pension Funds (excluding police and fire and rescue services
pension funds)
6.5.4.1 There are no statutory accounting requirements for defined benefit pension funds
(excluding police and fire and rescue service pension funds).
6.5.5 Disclosures for Defined Benefit Pension Funds

(excluding police and fire and rescue services pension funds)

6.5.5.1 The financial statements of a defined benefit retirement benefit fund (excluding
police and fire and rescue services pension funds) shall contain the following
information, if applicable and if not disclosed on the face of the financial
statements:
a) A description of the fund and the effect of any changes in the fund during the
period.
b) A summary ofThe significant accounting policies for the pension fund.
c) Assets at the end of the period suitably classified (see paragraph 6.5.3.4 for
the minimum requirements).
d) The basis of valuation of assets for each significant class of asset.
e) Where investments are held for which an estimate of fair value is not possible,
disclosure shall be made of the reason why fair value is not used.
f) A reconciliation between the opening and closing value of investments
analysed into meaningful categories such as by major asset class, named
investment managers or investment strategy. For investments that have
purchase costs or sale proceeds, the total amount of sales and purchases
should be disclosed. For derivatives, the nature of the amounts included in
purchases and sales should be explained.
g) The market value (current bid price for quoted securities and unitised
securities) of the assets (at the Balance Sheet date) which were under the
management of fund managers should be disclosed, as should the proportion
managed by each manager. Where a market value is not available, assets
should be valued at fair value in accordance with the valuation basis specified
by the Code– see Section 2.10 and IFRS 13.
h) An analysis of investment assets between ‘UK’ and ‘overseas’ and between
‘quoted’ and ‘unquoted’.
i) The amount of sales and purchases of investment assets should be disclosed
including the market value of futures and options at the Balance Sheet
dateend of the reporting period (if any).
j) A breakdown of derivative contracts by their main types including futures,
options, forward foreign exchange contracts and swaps. A summary of the
key terms and notional amount of the derivative contracts held at the year end.
An explanation of the objectives and policies for holding derivatives and the
strategies for achieving those objectives that have been followed during the
period.
k) The effective date of revaluation of property assets; and whether whether an
independent valuer was used.; Reference should be made to section 2.10 for
fair value disclosure requirements of investment properties. This would
include but is not limited to:
 the methods and significant assumptions applied in estimating the fair

value;
 the extent to which the item’s fair values were determined directly by
reference to observable prices in an active market in an orderly transaction
or were estimated using other valuation techniques (see section 2.10 and
IFRS 13 for the valuation techniques and the levels within the fair value
hierarchy which apply to the measurement of the fair value of the
investment properties).
the methods and significant assumptions applied in estimating the fair value;
the extent to which the item’s fair values were determined directly by reference
to observable prices in an active market or recent market transactions on
arm’s-length terms or were estimated using other valuation techniques.
l) Details of any single investment exceeding either 5% of the net assets
available for benefits or 5% of any class or type of security.
m) Liabilities other than the actuarial present value of promised retirement
benefits.
n) A description of the funding policy, ie the basis upon which the contribution
rate has been set for both the administering and the scheduled body.
o) An indication of the actuarial position of the fund, including the relationship
between the actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits and the
net assets available for benefits, and the policy for funding the promised
benefits.
p) A description of the significant actuarial assumptions made and the method
used to calculate the actuarial present value of promised retirement benefits.
q) The total contributions receivable and benefits payable analysed between the
administering authority, scheduled bodies and admitted bodies and split by
members contributions, employers normal contributions, employers deficit
recovery contributions and employers augmentation contributions.
r) Information in respect of material transactions with related parties, not
disclosed elsewhere, including investments and loans made at any time during
the period.
s) The total amount of stock released to a third party under a stock lending
arrangement within a regulated market at the period end, together with a
description of the related collateral.
t) The amount and nature of any material contingent assets, liabilities and
contractual commitments of the scheme at the period end. Details of any
material non-adjusting events occurring subsequent to the period end.
u) The amount of additional voluntary contributions paid by members during the
year and the value at the Balance Sheet date of separately invested additional
voluntary contributions. It should be disclosed that these amounts are not
included in the pension fund accounts in accordance with regulation 4(2)(c) of

the Pension Scheme (Management and Investment of Funds) Regulations
2009 (as amended).
v) CIPFA/LASAAC considers that it is vitally important that the cost of
management expenses are clearly understood by the users of pension fund
financial statements and therefore the Code recommends that the total
amount of direct transaction costs of all significant asset classes (ie
investment types) should be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements
under the investments reconciliation table in f) above. It also recommends that
the notes to the financial statements should include explanation to enable
users to understand the nature of the transaction costs and how they arise for
different types of investment.
Administering Authorities in Scotland– Management commentary and

annual governance statement in the Abstract of Accounts
Management commentary and annual governance statement – Scottish

authorities
6.5.5.2 Section 3.1 of the Code sets out the requirements in accordance with the Local
Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 to provide a Management
Commentary. The Local Government Pension Scheme (Administration) (Scotland)
Regulations 2008 (the Administration Regulations) require Scottish local authorities
to include a report about the management and financial performance during the
year of each of the pension funds maintained by the authority. Guidance issued by
the Scottish Government, Scottish Government Finance Circular 7/2014 on the
Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014, recommends that one
report is published in the Pension Fund Annual Report and Annual Accounts which
satisfies the legislative requirements of both sets of regulations. Reporting
requirements for administering authorities in Scotland are now provided under
Scottish Government Finance Circular 6/2015.
6.5.5.3 Section 3.7 of the Code sets out the requirements in accordance with the Local
Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 to provide an Annual Governance
Statement. Scottish local government pension fund financial statements are
required by the Administration Regulations to include a governance compliance
statement. Scottish Government Guidance, issued in Scottish Government
Finance Circular 7/2014, recommends that one report is published in the Pension
Fund Annual Report and Annual Accounts which satisfies the legislative
requirements of both sets of regulations. Reporting requirements for administering
authorities in Scotland are now provided under Scottish Government Finance
Circular 6/2015.
Statutory disclosures for administering authorities in Scotland in the local

authority financial statements
6.5.5.4 Administering authorities in Scotland are required by statutory guidance (Scottish
Government Finance Circular 16/2011 2015 Accounting for Local Authority
Pensions) to disclose the following in the notes to the local authority financial
statements:
a) A statement to the effect that the local authority is an administering authority
for the Local Government Pension Scheme.
b) A statement listing the pension funds it is responsible for together with a
general description of each fund and its membership.
c) A statement setting out the statutory requirements for the publication of a
separate pension fund annual report, and the contents of that report.
d) A note setting out how the pension fund annual report can be accessed or
obtained.
6.5.6 The Police Pension Scheme in England and Wales, the

Firefighters’ Pension Scheme in England, and the Firefighters’
Pension Scheme in Wales
6.5.6.1 The Police Pension Scheme in England and Wales, the Firefighters’ Pension
Scheme in England and the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme in Wales are unfunded
but authorities do not meet the pension outgo directly: rather they pay an
employer’s pension contribution based on a percentage of pay into the pension
fund.
6.5.6.2 Subject to scrutiny and approval by the Secretary of State/Minister and
Parliament/Welsh Government, central government pays pension top-up grant for
the year up to the amount by which the amount payable from the pension
fund/account for the year exceeded the amount receivable. The current
expectation is that top-up grant of 100% of the deficit will be paid. Where the
amounts receivable by the pension fund/account for the year exceeds the amounts
payable, the surplus on the pension fund/account is payable to central
government.
6.5.6.3 While the funding arrangements for the various pension schemes are similar, the
regulations are not uniform with regard to the way the surplus or deficit on the
pension fund/account for the year is funded.
Police Pension Scheme (England and Wales)

6.5.6.4 The funding arrangements for police pension funds are contained in the Police
Pension Fund Regulations 2007 (SI 2007/1932). The regulations require that if the
pension fund does not have enough funds to meet the cost of pensions in any
year, ie the amount receivable by the pension fund for the year is less than the
amount payable, the amount required to meet the deficit must be transferred from
the local policing bodies to the pension fund. Subject to Parliamentary scrutiny
and approval, up to 100% of this amount is then recouped by the local policing
body in the form of a top-up grant paid by central government (the current
expectation is that 100% grant will be paid). Conversely, if the police pension fund
is in surplus for the year, the surplus is required to be transferred from the pension
fund to the local policing body, which in turn is required pay the amount to central
government.
Firefighters’ Pension Scheme (England and Wales)

6.5.6.5 The funding arrangements for the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme for England are
contained in the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme (Amendment) (England) Order 2006
(SI 2006/1810). The funding arrangements for the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme
for Wales are contained in Part 13 of the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme (Wales)
Order 2007 (WSI 2007/1072). These orders require that every amount paid or
repaid to or by an authority shall be credited or, as the case may be, debited, to
their firefighters’ pension fund. Therefore where the pension shows a deficit for
year, the top-up grant is payable to the pension fund. Conversely, if the fund is in
surplus for the year, an amount equal to the surplus is payable by the pension fund
to central government. If the pension fund account is not balanced to nil by
pension top-up grant receivable or by the amount payable to central government,
the pension fund should be balanced to nil by a supplementary contribution from
the authority to the pension fund or by the pension fund returning contribution to
the authority.
6.5.6.6 The minimum presentation and disclosure requirements for police pension
funds/accounts and firefighters’ pension funds/accounts are shown below.
Information to be included in the pension fund (England and Wales)
accounting statements of local policing bodies and fire and rescue service
authorities
(The amounts that must be debited and credited to the Pension Fund/Account
are specified by regulation. There are separate regulations for the Police
Pension Scheme for England and Wales, the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme for
England, and the Firefighters’ Pension Scheme for Wales. The underlying
principles are broadly the same for all the schemes but the details of the way
the amounts are determined may vary and the amounts should be determined
in accordance with the relevant regulations in force for the financial year.)
a) Fund Account5 (England and Wales)
Contributions receivable
5
Bullets have been added to this statement for ease of presentation they have not
been tracked.
 from employer
 normal
 early retirements
 other (specify, eg reimbursement of unabated pensions of ‘30+’
police officers)
 from members
 Transfers in
 individual transfers in from other schemes
 other (specify)
 Benefits payable
 pensions
 commutations and lump sum retirement benefits
 lump sum death benefits
 other (specify)
 Payments to and on account of leavers
 refunds of contributions
 individual transfers out to other schemes
 other (specify)
(For Firefighters’ Pension Schemes in England and Wales) Sub-total:
Deficit/Surplus for the year before top-up grant receivable/amount
payable to central government
(For Firefighters’ Pension Schemes in England and Wales) Top-up grant
receivable/amount payable to central government
(For Police Pension Schemes) Additional funding payable by the local
policing body/Police Operating Account to meet deficit/amount payable
to the local policing body/Police Operating Account in respect of the
surplus for the year
Net amount payable/receivable for the year
b) Net Assets Statement6 (England and Wales only)

 Current assets
 contributions due from employer
 (for Firefighters’ Pension Scheme) pension top-up grant receivable
from central government
6
Bullets have been added to this statement for ease of presentation they have not
been tracked.
 (for Police Pension Scheme) funding to meet deficit receivable from

local policing body
 other current assets
 Current liabilities
 unpaid pension benefits
 (for Firefighters’ Pension Scheme) amount payable to central
government
 (for Police Pension Scheme) surplus for year payable to local
policing body
 other current liabilities (other than liabilities to pay pensions and
other benefits in the future)
Information to be disclosed in notes to the Pension Fund Accounts of local

policing bodies and FRSAs
6.5.6.7 The following information shall be disclosed in the notes to the Pension Funds
Accounts of local policing bodies and FRSAs:
a) (For Firefighters’ Pension Funds in England and Wales) A general description
of the fund’s operations including the fact that there are no investment assets
and that the fund is balanced to nil each year by receipt of pension top-up
grant from central government if there is a deficit or by paying over the surplus
to central government, together with an explanation of how the fund is
administered and managed.
b) (For Police Pension Funds in England and Wales) A general description of the
fund’s operations including the fact that there are no investment assets and
that if there is a deficit for the year the fund is balanced to nil by the local
policing body transferring an amount equal to the deficit to the pension fund,
which it recoups from central government, or if there is a surplus for the year
by transferring the surplus from the pension fund to the local policing body,
which it pays over to central government, together with an explanation of how
the fund is administered and managed.
c) The accounting policies followed in dealing with items which are judged
material in accounting for, or reporting on, the transactions and net assets of
the fund/account together with the estimation techniques adopted that are
significant.
d) An explanation that the fund’s/account’s financial statements do not take
account of liabilities to pay pensions and other benefits after the period end.
Information on where details of the authority’s long-term pension obligations
can be found in the main statements shall be disclosed.

6.5.7.1 The 2015/16 Code2016/17 Code includes amendments to reflect the changes to
the requirements and guidance for financial reporting in relation to pension funds in
Scotland as a result of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014
and Scottish Government Finance Circular 7/2014as a result of the review of the
Accounting and Reporting by Pension Funds Section of the Code. These
amendments include:
 Update to the format of the fund account and the net asset statements to be
consistent with the new 2015 Pensions SORP,
 Changes to the approach to the actuarial present value of promised
retirement benefits
 Recommendations for a new disclosure on investment management
transaction costs
 A new Annex setting out the application of other sections of the Code, and
 Other minor drafting improvements.
6.5.7.1 The 2016/17 Code also includes new updated reference to Scottish Government
Circular 6/2015.
ANNEX TO SECTION 6.57
Table: Overview of Application of other Sections of the Code

to Pension Fund Statements
A.6.5.1 This table in intended to assist local authorities in preparing their authority
pension fund accounts preparers to identify the other sections of the Code which
apply to them. Local authorities should ensure that they are content that they
have identified all the material transactions that might occur and consider the
relevant sections of the Code that apply to them.
Section or Chapter of the Code Commentary on the Substantial Areas of Application for Local
Authority Pension Funds

Chapter One: Introduction  The Code applies to administering authorities for the
Local Government Pension Scheme and other
pension funds in the United Kingdom.
 Application to local authorities will be by means of
the relevant accounts or accounts and audit
regulations in England, Scotland and Wales.
 Further details on the application of the
requirements of the Code are also found in Section
6.5 of the Code.
Section 2.1: Concepts  The Concepts section of the Code applies fully to
the pension fund accounts, insofar as there are
relevant transactions in the pension funds. It is
unlikely for example that consideration of service
potential in the definition of an asset or a liability will
have substantial application to pension funds.
 In relation to the objectives of the financial
statements the focus will be on members,
prospective members, deferred pensioners
pensioners and other beneficiaries.
 Materiality considerations in the Code also apply
equally to pension fund financial statements.
Section 2.3:Government and Non-  This will apply to section 6.5 where government
Government Grants grants are paid into pension funds, though the
statutory accounting requirements are unlikely to
apply to the pension fund itself.
7
Exposure Draft Footnote only – The Annex is wholly new and therefore has been
presented without tracked changes to improve the readability of the new text.

Section 2.5: Local Government  This is unlikely to apply to pension funds. However,
Reorganisation and Other the principles might apply under any reorganisation
Combinations of pension funds.
Section 2.7: Revenue Recognition  Income recognised in the pension fund would be
recognised in accordance with this section of the
Code.
Section 2.8: Tax Income (Council  Does not directly apply to pension funds.
Tax, Residual Community
Charges, Non-Domestic Rates
(NDR) and Rates)
Section 2.9: Value Added Tax  Value Added Tax may apply to pensions fund
transactions, for example, to purchases of services
needed to support the fund.
Section 2.10: Fair Value  The measurement and disclosure requirements for
Measurement fair value apply but see particularly paragraph
6.5.2.4.
Section 3.1: Narrative Report  This applies to local authority financial statements
and therefore applies to pension funds within the
local authority statements. Administering authorities
in England and Wales are likely to wish to add
additional brief commentary on the Pension Fund
though this is likely to be met by the description of
the Fund in paragraph 6.5.5.1 a).
 Scottish local authorities – are required to provide a
separate management commentary in the pension
fund abstract of accounts – see Scottish Local
Government Finance Circular No. 6/2015.
Section 3.2: Statement of  This should be covered by the Statement of

Responsibilities Responsibilities for the authority’s main financial
statements.
 Local authorities in Scotland are likely to need a
separate statement of responsibilities for the

pension fund abstract of accounts.
Section 3.3: Accounting Policies,  This section applies in full to local authority pension
Changes in Accounting Estimates funds.
and Errors  This includes the reporting requirements for:
 Changes in accounting policies (paragraph
3.3.4.2)
 Impact of accounting changes required by new
standards that have been issued, but not yet
adopted (paragraph 3.3.4.3)
 Estimates (paragraph 3.3.4.4), and
 Errors (paragraph 3.3.4.5).
Section 3.4: Presentation of  This section of the Code applies to local authority
Financial Statements pension funds statements. However, the main
financial statements are specified in section 6.5 of
the Code ie paragraphs 6.5.3.4 and 6.5.5.6 (the
latter for local policing bodies and FRSAs in
England and Wales).
 Section 6.5 also includes specific pensions fund
statement disclosures at paragraph 6.5.5.1 (this
paragraph does not apply to local policing bodies or
FRSAs – the disclosures for these bodies are
included under paragraph 6.5.5.6).
 Items that are particularly important include
reporting requirements for:
 fair presentation (paragraphs 3.4.2.19 to 3.4.2.22
and 3.4.2.25))
 going concern (paragraphs 3.4.2.23 and section
2.1)
 accruals accounting (paragraph 3.4.2.24 and
section 2.1)
 materiality (paragraph 3.4.2.26 and section 2.1)
 comparative information (paragraphs 3.4.2.29)
 offsetting ( paragraphs 3.4.2.28 to 3.4.2.29 and
also see section 7.4.5)
 reclassification ( paragraphs 3.4.2.30 to 3.4.2.31)
 consistent presentation (paragraph 3.4.2.32 and

section 2.1)
 notes and their presentation (paragraphs
3.4.2.78 to 3.4.2.79)
 basis of preparation (paragraphs 3.4.2.80 to
4.4.2.81)
 significant accounting policies (paragraph
3.4.2.80 and 3.4.2.82 and 6.5.5.1 b))
 critical judgements (paragraphs 3.4.2.82)
 information about the assumptions an
administering authority makes about the future,
and other major sources of estimation
uncertainty at the end of the reporting period
(see paragraphs 3.4.2.83 to 3.4.2.84).
Section 3.7: Statements Reporting  For pension funds for administering authorities in
Reviews of Internal Controls England and Wales this should be covered by the
Statement of Responsibilities in a local authority’s
main statement of accounts.
 Scottish local government pension fund financial
statements are required by the Administration
Regulations to include a governance compliance
statement. Scottish Government Guidance, issued
in Scottish Government Finance Circular 7/2014,
recommends that one report is published in the
Pension Fund Annual Report and Annual Accounts
which satisfies the legislative requirements of both
sets of regulations. See also Scottish Local
Government Finance Circular No. 6/2015.
Section 3.8: Events After the  Applies fully to pension fund statements.
Reporting Period
Section 3.9: Related Party  This section applies to pension fund financial
Disclosures statements in full.
 Administering local authorities in England and
Wales may be able to rely in part on cross
referencing to the main financial statements.
Particular related parties for the pension fund would
need to be reported separately – see also
paragraph 6.5.5.1 paragraph r).

 Scottish pension fund abstract of accounts would
need to apply section 3.9 in full and also report
under paragraph 6.5.5.1 paragraph r).
Section 4.1: Property, Plant and  It is unlikely that this section of the Code will apply
Equipment substantially to pension funds as they will normally
only hold property for investment purposes.
Section 4.2: Leases and Lease  This section of the Code will apply where the
Type Arrangements pension fund accounts for transactions as a lessor
and may apply where the pension fund uses lease
arrangements to support the work of the fund.
Section 4.4: Investment Property  This section of the Code is likely to have a
substantial application for pension funds. It therefore
applies in full and is also likely to require cross
reference to the fair value measurement
requirements of section 2.10 of the Code and any
relevant requirements under paragraph 6.5.5.1.
Section 4.5: Intangible Assets  It is unlikely that this section of the Code will apply
substantially to local authority pension funds.
Section 4.7: Impairment of Assets  This section will apply where relevant circumstances
exist, for example, it may apply to investment
properties that are impaired, or to an impairment of
a financial asset.
Section 4.8: Borrowing Costs  It is considered unlikely that this section of the Code
will apply to local authority pension funds.
Section 4.9: Non-current Assets  This section will apply where relevant transactions
Held for Sale and Discontinued or circumstances exist.
Operations
Section 4.10: Heritage Assets  It is unlikely that this section of the Code will apply
substantially to pension funds as they will normally
only hold property for investment purposes and not
for historical, artistic, technological or environmental

purposes.
Section 5.1: Current Assets:  This section of the Code will apply to pension funds
Inventories where relevant transactions or circumstances exist.
Section 5.2: Current Assets: Work  It is considered unlikely that this section of the Code
in Progress (Construction will apply to local authority pension funds.
Contracts)
Section 5.3: Debtors  This section of the Code will apply to pension funds.
Section 6.1: Employee Benefits:  The section of the Code applies where relevant
Introduction and Definitions transactions or circumstances exist.
Section 6.2: Benefits Payable  This section might apply where relevant employee
During Employment benefits (staff costs) are directly attributable to the
pension fund.
Section 6.3: Termination Benefits  This section might apply where relevant employee
benefits (staff costs) are directly attributable to the
pension fund.
Section 6.4: Post-employment  Paragraph 6.5.1.2 notes that section 6.4 of the Code
Benefits governs the measurement of a plan’s obligation to
provide pension benefits.
 This section might apply where relevant employee
benefits (staff costs) are directly attributable to the
pension fund.
Section 6.5: Accounting and  Wholly applicable to pension funds.

Reporting by Pension Funds
Section 7.1: Financial Instruments:  Chapter seven applies fully to pension fund where
Introduction, Scope, Recognition relevant transactions exist. Paragraph 6.5.1.2
and Initial Measurement, Hedge stipulates that the financial instruments standards
Accounting, Derivatives and (IAS 39, IAS 32 and IFRS 7) govern the recognition
Embedded Derivatives and of financial instruments (although it notes that many

Definitions requirements are inapplicable since all material
financial instruments are carried at fair value
through profit or loss). Note that the relevant fair
value measurement disclosures apply.
Section 7.2: Accounting for  See comments for section 7.1 and the requirements
Financial Liabilities after Initial of paragraph 6.5.2.4 on the measurement of
Recognition financial instruments).
Section 7.3: Accounting for  See comments for section 7.1 and the requirements
Financial Assets after Initial of paragraph 6.5.2.4 on the measurement of
Recognition financial instruments).
Section 7.4: Financial Instruments  The disclosure requirements including the fair value
– Disclosure and Presentation disclosures apply in full insofar as the pension fund
Requirements holds the relevant financial instruments. Note that
the relevant fair value measurement disclosures
apply.
Section 8.1: Liabilities: Creditors  Applies in full where the relevant transactions exist.
Section 8.2: Liabilities: Provisions,  Applies in full where the relevant transactions exist
Contingent Liabilities and (see also paragraph 6.5.5.1 t).
Contingent Assets
Chapter 9: Group Accounts  It is possible that group accounts may be produced

for pension fund financial statements. The pension
fund account statement also allows for the
possibility that income from associates and joint
ventures may be recognised in the financial
statements.
Appendix 1: IFRSs with limited  IAS 12 Income Taxes (as amended), and SIC 25
application to local authorities Income Taxes – Changes in the Tax Status of an
Entity or its Shareholders relate to taxes on an
entity’s income (for example, corporation tax) and
may apply to the Pensions Funds.
 IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates relates to accounting for exchange rates and

exchange rate movements and will to apply to
Pensions Funds.
2.10 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
2.10.1 Introduction
2.10.1.1 Local authorities shall measure their assets and liabilities and provide disclosures
in accordance with IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement where another section of the
Code requires or permits fair value measurement, except where adaptations to fit
the public sector are detailed in the Code.
Adaptation and application for the public sector context

2.10.1.2 There are no adaptationsis only one adaptation to IFRS 13 for the public sector
context (see paragraph 2.10.1.3 below). However, section 4.1 of this Code adapts
IAS 16 to require that items of property, plant and equipment that are operational
and therefore providing service potential for the authority are measured for their
service potential at existing use value, existing use value – social housing or
depreciated replacement cost (see section 4.1 of the Code), and not at fair value.
Surplus assets (property, plant and equipment) are measured at fair value.
2.10.1.3 This section of the Code adapts IFRS 13 by removing the scope exclusion on the
disclosures for retirement benefit plan investments measured at fair value in
accordance with section 6.5 (Accounting and Reporting bu Pension Funds).
…
Scope
2.10.2.14 This section of the Code applies when another section of the Code requires or
permits fair value measurements or disclosures about fair value measurements
(and measurements, such as fair value less costs to sell, based on fair value or
disclosures about those measurements), except as specified in paragraphs
2.10.2.15 and 2.10.2.16.
2.10.2.15 The measurement and disclosure requirements of this section of the Code do not
apply to the following:
a) share-based payment transactions within the scope of IFRS 2 Share-based
Payments
b) leasing transactions within the scope of section 4.2 (Lease and Lease Type
Transactions) of the Code and IAS 17 Leases, and
c) measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value,
such as net realisable value in section 5.1 (Inventories) or value in use in
section 4.7 (Impairment of Assets) of the Code.
2.10.2.16 The disclosures required by this section of the Code are not required for the
following:
a) plan assets measured at fair value in accordance with sections 6.1 to 6.4 of
the Code
b) retirement benefit plan investments measured at fair value in accordance with
section 6.5 (Accounting and Reporting by Pension Funds) of the Code, and
cb) assets for which recoverable amount is fair value less costs of disposal in
accordance with section 4.7 (Impairment of Assets) of the Code.

2.10.6.1 The 2015/16 Code introduced the requirements of IFRS 13 Fair Value
Measurement as adapted for public sector circumstancesremoves the scope
exclusion on the disclosures for retirement benefit plan investments measured at
fair value in accordance with section 6.5 (Accounting and Reporting bu Pension
Funds).
ED 4 - Improvements to IFRSs 2010 -2012 Cycle – Amendments to IAS 24
3.9 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES
3.9.1 Introduction
3.9.1.1 Authorities shall identify related party relationships and transactions, identify
outstanding balances between the authority and its related parties, and identify the
circumstances in which disclosures are required, in accordance with IAS 24
Related Party Disclosures except where adaptations to fit the public sector are
detailed in the Code.
3.9.1.2 IPSAS 20 Related Party Disclosures is based on IAS 24, and provides additional
guidance for public sector bodies.

3.9.1.3 The following adaptation of IAS 24 applies for the public sector context:
 In considering materiality, regard should be had to the definition of
materiality, which requires materiality to be judged ‘in the surrounding
circumstances’. Materiality should thus be judged from the viewpoint of
both the authority and the related party.
Definitions
3.9.2.1 Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be
expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the
entity and include:
that person’s children and spouse or domestic partner
children of that person’s spouse or domestic partner, and
dependants of that person or that person’s spouse or domestic partner.
3.9.2.2 Key management personnel are all chief officers (or equivalent), elected
members, chief executive of the authority and other persons having the authority
and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the
authority, including the oversight of these activities.
3.9.2.3 Government refers to government, government agencies and similar bodies
whether local, national or international.
3.9.2.4 A government-related entity is an entity that is controlled, jointly controlled or
significantly influenced by a government.
3.9.2.5 Material. Omissions or misstatements of items are material if they could,
individually or collectively, influence the decisions or assessments of users made
on the basis of the financial statements. Materiality depends on the nature or size
of the omission or misstatement judged in the surrounding circumstances. The

nature or size of the item, or a combination of both, could be the determining
factor.
3.9.2.6 Oversight means the supervision of the activities of an authority, with the authority
and responsibility to control, or exercise significant influence over, the financial and
operating decisions of the authority.
3.9.2.7 A related party is a person or entity that is related to the entity that is preparing its
financial statements (in this section of the Code referred to as the ‘reporting
entity’).
a) A person or a close member of that person’s family is related to a reporting
entity if that person:
i) has control or joint control over the reporting entity
ii) has significant influence over the reporting entity, or
iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the reporting entity or of
a parent of the reporting entity.
b) An entity is related to a reporting entity if any of the following conditions apply:
i) The entity and the reporting entity are members of the same group (which
means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the
others).
ii) One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an
associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity
is a member).
iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an
associate of the third entity.
v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees
of either the reporting entity or an entity related to the reporting entity. If
the reporting entity is itself such a plan, the sponsoring employers are
also related to the reporting entity.
vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in a).
vii) A person identified in a)i) has significant influence over the entity or is a
member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of
the entity).
viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key
management personnel services to the reporting entity or to the parent of
the reporting entity.
3.9.2.8 Related party transaction is a transfer of resources or obligations between a

reporting entity and a related party, regardless of whether a price is charged.

Related party transactions exclude transactions with any other entity that is a
related party solely because of its economic dependence on the authority or the
government of which it forms part.
3.9.2.9 Remuneration/allowance is any consideration or benefit derived directly or
indirectly by key management personnel from the authority for services provided in
their capacity as elected members or otherwise as employees of the authority.
3.9.2.10 Significant influence (for the purpose of this section of the Code) is the power to
participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of an authority, but not
control those policies. Significant influence may be exercised in several ways,
usually by representation on the board of directors or equivalent governing body
but also by, for example, participation in the policy-making process, material
transactions between entities within an economic entity, interchange of managerial
personnel or dependence on technical information. Significant influence may be
gained by an ownership interest, statute or agreement.
3.9.2.11 The definitions above should be applied to the determination of related parties and
hence the associated disclosure requirements.
Related party disclosures

3.9.2.12 In considering each possible related party relationship, attention is directed to the
substance of the relationship, and not merely the legal form.
3.9.2.13 Where two entities have a member of key management personnel in common, it is
necessary to consider the possibility, and to assess the likelihood, that this person
would be able to affect the policies of both entities in their mutual dealings.
However, the fact that there is a member of key management personnel in
common or the fact that a member of key management personnel of one entity has
significant influence over the other entity does not create a related party
relationship.
3.9.2.14 In the context of this section of the Code, the following are deemed not to be
related parties:
 providers of finance
 trade unions
 public utilities
 departments and agencies of a government that does not control, jointly
control or significantly influence the reporting entity
in the course of their normal dealings with an authority by virtue only of those
dealings, and
 an entity with which the relationship is solely that of an agency.
3.9.2.15 Related party relationships where control exists should be disclosed irrespective of
whether there have been transactions between the related parties.

3.9.2.16 In the definition of a related party, an associate includes subsidiaries of the
associate and a joint venture includes subsidiaries of the joint venture. Therefore,
for example, an associate’s subsidiary and the investor that has significant
influence over the associate are related to each other.
3.9.2.17 The disclosure of related party transactions and balances shall have regard to
materiality. In considering materiality, regard should be had to the definition of
materiality, which requires materiality to be judged ‘in the surrounding
circumstances’. Materiality should thus be judged from the viewpoint of both the
reporting entity and the related party.

3.9.3.1 There are no statutory accounting requirements in relation to related party
disclosures.

to related party disclosures:
1) Information in respect of transactions with related parties, not disclosed
elsewhere, including:
a) the description of the nature of the related party relationships
b) the amount of transactions that have occurred
c) the amount of outstanding balances, and
Related party relationships where control exists should be disclosed
irrespective of whether there have been transactions between the related
parties.
3.9.4.2 Amounts incurred by the (reporting) entity for the provision of key management
personnel services that are provided by a separate management entity shall be
disclosed.
3.9.4.23 Transactions with related parties may be disclosed on an aggregated basis
(aggregation of similar transactions by type of related party) unless disclosure of
an individual transaction, or connected transactions, is necessary for an
understanding of the impact of the transactions on the financial statements of the
authority or is required by law.
3.9.4.34 The disclosure requirements of key management personnel under IAS 24 are
satisfied by the disclosure requirements for officer remuneration and members’
allowances in section 3.4 of the Code. , though authorities may need to separately
consider the requirements at paragraph 3.9.4.2.

3.9.4.45 The disclosure requirements of paragraph 3.9.4.1 do not apply to related party
transactions with central government departments, government agencies, NHS
bodies and other local authorities. Instead, authorities shall disclose:
2) The name of the government (ie UK Government, Scottish Government,
Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Assembly) and the fact that the
government exerts significant influence through legislation and grant funding.
3) The following information in sufficient detail to enable users of the reporting
entity’s financial statements to understand the effect of related party
transactions on its financial statements:
a) the nature and amount of each individually significant transaction, and
b) for other transactions that are collectively, but not individually, significant,
a qualitative or quantitative indication of their extent.

3.9.5.1 There are statutory disclosure requirements in relation to officer remuneration in
England and Wales. These disclosure requirements are included in section 3.4 of
the Code, Presentation of Financial Statements.
3.9.5.2 As stated in paragraph 3.9.4.3 above, the disclosure requirements of key
management personnel under IAS 24 are satisfied by the disclosure requirements
for officer remuneration and members’ allowances in section 3.4 of the Code.

3.9.6.1 There have been no changes in the reporting requirements for the related party
disclosures section of the Code since the 2014/15 Code.The 2016/17 Code
includes an addition to the definition of a related party for the entity, or any member
of a group of which it is a part that provides key management personnel services to
the reporting entity and a new disclosure on the provision of key management
personnel services that are provided by a separate management entity as a result
of the Improvements to IFRSs 2010-2012 Cycle.
ED 5 IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements – Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in
Joint Operations
CHAPTER NINE
Group accounts
9.1 GROUP ACCOUNTS
Joint arrangements
9.1.2.48 A joint arrangement is an arrangement of which two or more parties have joint
control. A joint arrangement has the following characteristics:
a) The parties are bound by a contractual arrangement.
b) The contractual arrangement gives two or more of those parties joint control of
the arrangement.
A joint arrangement is either a joint operation or a joint venture.
9.1.2.49 Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement,
which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the
unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
9.1.2.50 A reporting authority shall determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is
involved. The classification of a joint arrangement as a joint operation or a joint
venture depends upon the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangement.
Financial statements of parties to a joint operation

9.1.2.51 A reporting authority that is a joint operator shall recognise in relation to its interest
in a joint operation:
a) its assets, including its share of any assets held jointly
b) its liabilities, including its share of any liabilities incurred jointly
c) its revenue from the sale of its share of the output arising from the joint
operation
d) its share of the revenue from the sale of the output by the joint operation, and
e) its expenses, including its share of any expenses incurred jointly.
9.1.2.52 When an authority acquires an interest in a joint operation in which the activity of
the joint operation constitutes a business, as defined in IFRS 3, it shall apply, to
the extent of its share in accordance with paragraph 9.1.2.51, all of the principles
on business combinations accounting in IFRS 3, and other IFRSs, that do not
conflict with the guidance in this section of the Code (as it adopts IFRS 11) and
IFRS 11 itself and disclose the information that is required in those IFRSs in
ED 5 IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements – Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in
Joint Operations
relation to business combinations. This applies to the acquisition of both the initial
interest and additional interests in a joint operation in which the activity of the joint
operation constitutes a business. The accounting for the acquisition of an interest
in such a joint operation is specified in paragraphs B33A–B33D of IFRS 11.

9.1.6.1 The 20152016/16 17 Code has removed the transitional provisions from the Group
Accounts section of the Code as these provisions only apply to the 2014/15
financial yearincludes the amendment to IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements –
Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations.
ED 6 – IPSASB Conceptual Framework
2.1 CONCEPTS
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.1.1 Authorities shall prepare financial statements (including Group Accounts) in
accordance with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Framework
for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements as adapted by this
section of the Code.
2.1.1.2 In September 2010 the IASB issued the first phase of its new Conceptual
Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 (the Conceptual Framework). Two
chapters, chapter 1 ‘The Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting’ and
chapter 3 ‘Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information’, have been
issued. These chapters replace the relevant paragraphs in the Framework for the
Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. It should be noted that the
objective of general purpose financial reporting set out in chapter 1 of the IASB
Conceptual Framework (paragraph OB2) has been expanded to reflect public
sector circumstances. The remaining paragraphs of this chapter would also need
to be considered against needs of the users of public sector financial statements
(but see also the specific issues relating to paragraph OB10 per paragraph
2.1.2.2).
2.1.1.3 Paragraphs 2.1.2.1 and 2.1.2.2 have also been drafted (using the hierarchy of
standards that applied in the 2012/13 Code and which is also consistent with the
process set out in paragraph 1.1.6 of the Code) from the Accounting Standards
Board’s Statement of Principles for Financial Reporting Interpretation for Public
Benefit Entities, from the text of the Code in previous editions and with support
from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board’s (IPSASB)
Exposure Draft Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting
by Public Sector Entities (Phase 1).
2.1.1.4 The IPSASB Conceptual Framework the Conceptual Framework for General
Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities was issued in October 2014
provides additional guidance for local authorities on issues raised by section 2.1.
2.1.1.45 In presenting information in their financial statements, authorities shall have regard
to the:
a) objective of financial statements
b) underlying assumption
c) qualitative characteristics of financial statements
d) elements of financial statements
e) recognition of the elements of financial statements
f) measurement of the elements of financial statements.
2.1.1.56 In particular, regard should be had to the qualitative characteristics in the selection
and application of accounting policies and estimation techniques (see section 3.3
of the Code), and in the exercise of professional judgement. The Code specifies
many of the accounting policies and estimation techniques to be adopted for
material items. These policies and techniques have been selected to accord with
the accounting concepts and principles set out in this section and, with
International Financial Reporting Standards (as adapted for the public sector
context, where necessary).
2.1.1.67 Financial statements shall give a true and fair view of the financial position,
financial performance and cash flows of an authority. A true and fair view requires
the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events and
conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets,
liabilities, income and expenses set out in the Code. Although the IASB framework
does not deal directly with such a concept, the application of the principal
qualitative characteristics and compliance with the Code is presumed to result in
the financial statements that convey a true and fair view. Nevertheless it remains
the responsibility of the authority to ensure that its financial statements present a
true and fair view of the financial position, performance and cash flows of the
authority.
Objectives of financial statements

2.1.2.1 Authorities need to be familiar with the objective of the financial statements. . For
local authorities, the objective of the financial statements is also to provide
information about the authority’s financial performance, financial position and cash
flows that is useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of the
authority’s management and for making economic decisions. The objective is
also of the financial statements is to provide financial information about the
reporting authority that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and
other creditors in making decisions about providing resources to it . For local
authorities, the objective of the financial statements is also to provide information
about the authority’s financial performance, financial position and cash flows that is
useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of the authority’s
management and for making economic decisions. Financial reporting is not an
end in itself. Its purpose is to provide information useful to users of the financial
statements. The objectives of financial reporting are therefore determined by
reference to the users of the financial statements, and their information needs. In
the public sector, providing information that allows for an assessment of the
stewardship and accountability of elected members and management for the
resources entrusted to them is of paramount importance.
2.1.2.2 It should be noted that the IASB Conceptual Framework sets out that general
purpose financial reports are not primarily directed to regulators and members of
the public other than investors, lenders and other creditors (IASB Conceptual
Framework, paragraph OB10). However, CIPFA/LASAAC is of the view that the
nature of public sector financial statements would mean that this paragraph is not
applicable to local authorities. It considers that, consistent with the views issued in
previous editions of the Code, the presentation of the financial statements shall
meet the common needs of most users, focusing on the ability of the users to
make economic decisions, the needs of public accountability and the stewardship
of an authority’s resources.
2.1.2.3 Local authority financial statements are developed primarily to respond to the
information needs of service recipients and resource providers who do not possess
the authority to require local authorities to disclose the information they need for
accountability and decision-making purposes. Local authority members and
members of parliament are also primary users of local authority financial
statements, when acting in their capacity as representatives of the interests of
service recipients and resource providers. Therefore, for the purposes of Code, the
primary users of the financial statements are service recipients and their
representatives and resource providers and their representatives.
2.1.2.4 CIPFA/LASAAC would note that Government has prescribed the Code as a proper
practice in legislation and relies on the assurance it obtains from local authorities
producing a set of IFRS-based financial statements to ensure that local authority
performance and financial position is accurately recorded and thus government
may be described as an interested stakeholder in the local authority financial
statements.
Financial performance reflected by accrual accounting

2.1.2.43 An authority shall prepare its financial statements, except for cash flow information,
using the accrual basis of accounting, ie the authority recognises items as assets,
liabilities, income and expenses (the elements of financial statements) when they
satisfy the definitions and recognition criteria for those elements in the Code.
Accrual accounting depicts the effects of transactions and other events and
circumstances on an authority’s economic resources and claims in the periods in
which those effects occur, even if the resulting cash receipts and payments occur
in a different period. This is important because information about an authority’s
economic resources and claims and changes in its economic resources and claims
during a period provides a better basis for assessing the authority’s past and future
performance than information solely about cash receipts and payments during that
period.
Underlying assumption
2.1.2.4 Going concern – an authority’s financial statements shall be prepared on a going
concern basis; that is, the accounts should be prepared on the assumption that the
functions of the authority will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable
future. Transfers of services under combinations of public sector bodies (such as
local government reorganisation) do not negate the presumption of going concern.
Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information
Fundamental qualitative characteristics

2.1.2.5 If financial information is to be useful it must be relevant and faithfully represent
what it purports to represent. The usefulness of financial information is enhanced
if it is comparable, verifiable, timely and understandable. Thus the fundamental
qualitative characteristics of financial information are relevance and faithful
representation. Information must be both relevant and faithfully presented to be
useful.
2.1.2.6 Relevance – relevant financial information is capable of making a difference in the
decisions made by users. Information may be capable of making a difference in a
decision even if some users choose not to take advantage of it or are already
aware of it from other sources. Financial information is capable of making a
difference in decisions if it has predictive value, confirmatory value or both.
2.1.2.7 Financial information has predictive value if it can be used as an input to processes
employed by users to predict future outcomes. Financial information need not be a
prediction or forecast to have predictive value.
2.1.2.8 Financial information has confirmatory value if it provides feedback about (confirms
or changes) previous evaluations.
2.1.2.9 Materiality – information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence
decisions that users make on the basis of financial information about a specific
reporting authority. In other words, materiality is an authority-specific aspect of
relevance based on the nature or magnitude, or both, of the items to which the
information relates in the context of an individual authority’s financial statements.
Consequently, the Code cannot specify a uniform quantitative threshold for
materiality or predetermine what could be material in a particular situation. An
authority need not comply with the Code, as to both disclosure and accounting
principles, if the information is not material to the ‘true and fair’ view of the financial
position, financial performance and cash flows of the authority and to the
understanding of users.
2.1.2.10 Faithful representation – the financial statements represent economic
phenomena in words and numbers. To be useful, financial information must not
only represent relevant phenomena, but it must also faithfully represent the
phenomena that it purports to represent.1 To be a perfectly faithful representation,

1
Note that paragraph BC3.26 of the IASB Conceptual Framework states: ‘Substance over
a depiction would have three characteristics. It would be complete, neutral and

free from error. The Code’s objective is to maximise those qualities to the extent
possible.
 A complete depiction includes all information necessary for a user to
understand the phenomenon being depicted, including all necessary
descriptions and explanations.
 A neutral depiction is without bias in the selection or presentation of financial
information. A neutral depiction is not slanted, weighted, emphasised, de-
emphasised or otherwise manipulated to increase the probability that
financial information will be received favourably or unfavourably by users.
 Faithful representation does not mean accurate in all respects. Free from
error means there are no errors or omissions in the description of the
phenomenon, and the process used to produce the reported information has
been selected and applied with no errors in the process. In this context, free
from error does not mean perfectly accurate in all respects. For example, an
estimate of an unobservable price or value cannot be determined to be
accurate or inaccurate. However, a representation of that estimate can be
faithful if the amount is described clearly and accurately as being an
estimate, the nature and limitations of the estimating process are explained,
and no errors have been made in selecting and applying an appropriate
process for developing the estimate.
Enhancing qualitative characteristics

2.1.2.11 Comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability are qualitative
characteristics that enhance the usefulness of information that is relevant and
faithfully represented. The enhancing qualitative characteristics may also help
determine which of two ways should be used to depict a phenomenon if both are
considered equally relevant and faithfully represented.
2.1.2.12 Comparability – information about an authority is more useful if it can be
compared with similar information about other authorities and entities and with
similar information about the same authority for another period or another date.
Comparability is the qualitative characteristic that enables users to identify and
understand similarities in, and differences among, items. Unlike the other
qualitative characteristics, comparability does not relate to a single item. A
comparison requires at least two items. It should be noted that:
 Consistency, although related to comparability, is not the same. Consistency

form is not considered a separate component of faithful representation because it would
be redundant. Faithful representation means that financial information represents the
substance of an economic phenomenon rather than merely representing its legal form.
Representing a legal form that differs from the economic substance of the underlying
economic phenomenon could not result in a faithful representation.’
refers to the use of the same methods for the same items, either from period
to period within a reporting entity or in a single period across entities.
Comparability is the goal; consistency helps to achieve that goal.
 Comparability is not uniformity. For information to be comparable, like things
must look alike and different things must look different. Comparability of
financial information is not enhanced by making unlike things look alike any
more than it is enhanced by making like things look different. Application of
the terms of the Code, and of the Service Reporting Code of Practice, where
relevant, will ensure adequate disclosure and consistency, and thus
comparability.
2.1.2.13 Verifiability helps assure users that information faithfully represents the economic
phenomena it purports to represent. Verifiability means that different
knowledgeable and independent observers could reach consensus, although not
necessarily complete agreement, that a particular depiction is a faithful
representation. Quantified information need not be a single point estimate to be
verifiable. A range of possible amounts and the related probabilities can also be
verified.
2.1.2.14 Verification can be direct or indirect. Direct verification means verifying an amount
or other representation through direct observation; for example, by counting cash.
Indirect verification means checking the inputs to a model, formula or other
technique and recalculating the outputs using the same methodology.
2.1.2.15 It may not be possible to verify some explanations and forward-looking financial
information until a future period, if at all. To help users decide whether they want
to use that information, it would normally be necessary to disclose the underlying
assumptions, the methods of compiling the information and other factors and
circumstances that support the information.
2.1.2.16 Timeliness means having information available to decision-makers in time to be
capable of influencing their decisions. Generally, the older the information, the
less useful it is. However, some information may continue to be timely long after
the end of a reporting period because, for example, some users may need to
identify and assess trends.
2.1.2.17 Understandability – classifying characterising and presenting information clearly
and concisely makes it understandable. Some phenomena are inherently complex
and cannot be made easy to understand. Excluding information about those
phenomena from the financial statements might make the information in those
financial statements easier to understand. However, those statements would be
incomplete and therefore potentially misleading.
2.1.2.18 The financial statements are prepared for users who have a reasonable knowledge
of business and economic activities and who review and analyse the information
diligently. Some economic and other phenomena are particularly complex and
difficult to represent in local authority financial statements and some users may
need to seek the aid of an advisor to assist in their understanding of them. All
efforts should be undertaken to represent economic and other phenomena
included in the financial statements in a manner that is understandable to a wide
range of users. However, information should not be excluded from financial
statements solely because it may be too complex or difficult for some users to
understand without assistance.
2.1.2.19 Enhancing qualitative characteristics should be maximised to the extent possible.
However, the enhancing qualitative characteristics, either individually or as a
group, cannot make information useful if that information is irrelevant or not
faithfully represented.
2.1.2.20 Local authorities derive their powers from statute and their financial and accounting
framework is closely controlled by primary and secondary legislation. It is a
fundamental principle of local authority accounting that, where specific legislative
requirements and accounting requirements conflict, legislative requirements shall
apply. However, the Code deals with such conflicts by showing the position
required by the Code’s accounting requirements in the Comprehensive Income
and Expenditure Statement, and the effect of the legislative requirements in the
Movement in Reserves Statement.
Elements of financial statements

2.1.2.21 The elements directly related to the measurements of financial position in the
Balance Sheet are assets, liabilities and reserves. The elements directly related to
the measurement of the financial performance in the Comprehensive Income and
Expenditure Statement are income and expenses. The presentation of these
elements is shown in section 3.4 of the Code. The Cash Flow Statement reflects
elements in both the Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement and the
Balance Sheet.
2.1.2.22 In assessing whether an item meets the definition of an asset, liability or reserve,
attention needs to be given to its underlying substance and economic reality and
not merely its legal form.
2.1.2.23 Assets – a resource controlled by the authority as a result of past events and from
which future economic benefits or service potential are expected to flow to the
authority.
2.1.2.24 Liabilities – are present obligations of the authority arising from past events, the
settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the authority of
resources embodying economic benefits or service potential.
2.1.2.25 Reserves – the residual interest in the assets of the authority after deducting all its
liabilities. The Movement in Reserves Statement shows the true economic cost of
providing the authority’s services, represented by the line ‘Surplus or (deficit) on
the provision of services’. Some income and expenditure is required to be
recognised on a different basis or in a different accounting period (ie in accordance
with legislation) in the General Fund and Housing Revenue Account. These
differences are shown in the line ‘Adjustments between accounting basis and
funding basis under regulations’. Voluntary transfers to or from the General Fund
Balance and Housing Revenue Account Balance also affect the amount to be
funded from council tax or council dwelling rents; these are shown in the line
‘Transfers to or from reserves available to fund services’. The Movement in
Reserves Statement also shows Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure,
for example revaluation gains.
2.1.2.26 Income – is the gross inflow of economic benefits or service potential during the
reporting period when those inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of
liabilities result in an increase in reserves. Income includes both revenue arising in
the course of ordinary activities and gains such as the revaluation of fixed assets.
2.1.2.27 Expenses – are decreases in economic benefits or service potential during the
reporting period in the form of outflows or consumption of assets or increases of
liabilities that result in decreases in reserves. Expenses include expenses that
arise in the course of the ordinary activities and losses such as revaluation of fixed
assets.
Recognition of the elements of financial statements

2.1.2.28 Recognition is the process of incorporating in the Balance Sheet or
Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement an item that meets the
definition of an element and satisfies the criteria for recognition. The relevant
sections of the Code set out the criteria for recognition of the elements of financial
statements.
Measurement of the elements of financial statements

2.1.2.29 Measurement is the process of determining the monetary amounts at which the
elements of the financial statements are to be recognised and carried in the
Balance Sheet and Comprehensive Income and Expenditure Statement. The
relevant sections of the Code set out the basis of measurement for the elements of
financial statements. The interpretation of fair value varies from section to section
of the Code; the interpretations are summarised below.
Fair value
2.1.2.30 The concept of fair value is used throughout the Code. International Financial
Reporting Standards now have a consistent definition of fair value introduced by
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. The measurement and disclosure requirements
of the standard are included in section 2.10.
Current value measurement of property, plant and equipment

2.1.2.31 The Code has introduced the concept and definition of current value to the
measurement of property, plant and equipment. Current value measurements

reflect the economic environment prevailing for the service or function the asset is
supporting at the reporting date (see paragraph 4.1.2.4).
2.1.2.32 The 2015/16 Code does not require infrastructure assets (eg roads) to be carried
at current value. Infrastructure assets are carried at depreciated historical cost.
See Appendix D for the Code’s future approach to the measurement of transport
infrastructure assets.
Measurement at fair value or the different current value measurements of

2.1.2.33 The following table demonstrates for accounts preparers when fair value or one of
the property, plant and current value measurement bases2 apply to the main
income, expenditure, assets and liabilities classifications within local authority
Circumstance Fair Value or Current Value Measurement of Property, Plant and
Equipment
Revenue recognition; this Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
is the general definition paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
that applies unless a more participants at the measurement date (see section 2.10).
specific definition applies
Property, plant and For non-specialised assets, current value should be interpreted as
equipment existing use value. In the RICS Valuation – Professional
Standards, this is market value based on the assumption that
property is sold as part of the continuing enterprise. This
requirement is met by providing an existing use valuation in
accordance with UKVS 1.3 of the RICS Valuation – Professional
Standards.
For specialised assets where no market exists, current value
should be interpreted as the present value of the assets’
remaining service potential, which can be assumed to be at least
equal to the cost of replacing that service potential. Under these
circumstances, property, plant and equipment is measured at
Depreciated Replacement Cost.
The current value of council dwellings shall be measured using
existing use value–social housing (EUV–SH).
The fair value of surplus assets is the price that would be received

2
The Surplus Assets class of Property, Plant and Equipment is measured at fair value as a
current value measurement base.
Equipment
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly

transaction between market participants at the measurement date
(see section 2.10).
Leases On initial recognition, fair value will be defined in accordance with

section 4.2 of the Code. Subsequent measurement, at current
value will follow the appropriate class of property, plant and
equipment. Intangible assets are measured at fair value where
relevant.
Service concession (PFI On initial recognition, fair value is the estimated cost to purchase
and PPP) arrangements the asset. Subsequently, the asset is measured at current value,
which will follow the appropriate class of property, plant and
equipment. Fair value measurement will apply, where relevant for
intangible assets acquired under service concession
arrangements.
Investment property Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date (see section 2.10). As a
non-financial asset an investment property shall be measured at
highest and best use. The fair value of investment property held
under a lease is the lease interest.
Intangible assets IAS 38 allows an intangible asset to be carried at a revalued

amount only where its fair value can be determined by reference
to an active market. Where there is no active market, assets are
carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any
accumulated impairment loss. Where an intangible asset is
required under section 4.5 of the Code to be measured at fair
value, the definition in section 2.10 of the Code will apply.
Non-current assets held Non-current assets held for sale shall be measured in accordance
for sale with the measurement requirements of section 4.9 of the Code
and IFRS 5 Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued
Operations, ie the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less
costs to sell.
Fair value in section 4.9 is the price that would be received to sell
an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date (see
Section 2.10). When applying the definition of fair value, as non-
financial assets, non-current assets held for sale shall be
Equipment
measured at highest and best use. Fair value for social housing
being disposed of under Right to Buy (RTB) legislation is the
discounted RTB value.
Heritage assets Heritage assets are carried at valuation rather than current or fair
value, reflecting the fact that sales and exchanges of heritage
assets are uncommon. Valuations may be made by any method
that is appropriate and relevant. There is no requirement for
valuations to be carried out or verified by external valuers, nor is
there any prescribed minimum period between valuations. In
some cases it may not be practicable to establish a valuation for a
heritage asset, in which case the asset is carried at historical cost
if this information is available. Authorities may elect to use this
basis for community assets.
Inventories Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
participants at the measurement date (see section 2.10).
Debtors Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
Financial instruments Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
Creditors Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
Employee benefits Plan assets measured at fair value in accordance with sections
6.1 to 6.4 of the Code and IAS 19 Employee Benefits apply the
definition and measurement requirements of fair value in
accordance with chapter six of the Code and with the definition of
fair value included in section 2.10 of the Code.
Pension fund plan Retirement benefit plan investments measured at fair value in
investments accordance with section 6.5 Accounting and Reporting by
Pension Funds of the Code apply the definition and measurement
requirements of fair value in accordance with chapter six of the
Code and with the definition of fair value included in section 2.10
Equipment
of the Code.

2.1.3.1 There are no statutory accounting requirements regarding the concepts and
principles.

2.1.4.1 Authorities shall apply the objective, underlying assumption and qualitative
characteristics of useful financial information, in the selection and application of
accounting policies and estimation techniques (see section 3.3 of the Code).

2.1.5.1 There are no statutory disclosure requirements in relation to the concepts and
principles.

2.1.6.1 The 2015/1620/16/17 Code includes an overview of the application of fair value
and current value to the assets and liabilities held by local authorities following the
Code’s adoption of IFRS 13 and the confirmation of the concept of current value
measurement for property, plant and equipment in section 4.1 of the Codehas
been updated for the issue of the IPSASB Conceptual Framework for General
Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities, particularly with regard to
the users and the understandability of local authority financial statements.

ED 7 Accounts and Audit Changes England and Northern Ireland
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE CODE
1.1.1 The Code of Practice on Local Authority Accounting in the United Kingdom (the
Code) specifies the principles and practices of accounting required to give a ‘true
and fair’ view of the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of a
local authority, including group financial statements where a local authority has
material interests in subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures.
1.1.2 The Code sets out the proper accounting practices required by section 21(2) of the
Local Government Act 2003. These proper practices apply to:
 Statements of Accounts prepared in accordance with the statutory framework
established for England by the Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations
2011 2015 and for Wales by the Accounts and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014
 the audit of those accounts undertaken in accordance with the statutory
framework established by section 5 3 and 20 of the Audit Commission Act
1998 fLocal Audit and Accountability Act 2014 for England, and by sections 39
and 58 of the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004 for Wales.
1.1.3 In Scotland, the Code constitutes proper accounting practice under section 12 of
the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003. These proper practices apply to:
 Annual Accounts prepared under the statutory framework established by the
Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014
 the audit of those accounts, undertaken in accordance with the statutory
framework established by section 99 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act
1973.
1.1.4 In Northern Ireland, the statutory framework for the accounts and audit is
established by Article 24 of the Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 2005
and the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland)
20062015.
1.1.5 In the unusual event that other statutory provisions require departures from the
Code, then those statutory provisions shall be followed. Regard will still need to be
given, however, to the need for the Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in
Scotland1) to give a ‘true and fair’ view of the financial position, financial
1
References to Statement of Accounts in this Code mean Annual Accounts for Scottish
performance and cash flows of the authority, which may mean the inclusion of
additional information in accordance with the provisions of the Code.
1.1.6 The Code prescribes the accounting treatment and disclosures for all normal
transactions of a local authority, and is based on European Union adopted IFRS.
On the few occasions where the CIPFA/LASAAC Local Authority Accounting Code
Board considers it appropriate to adapt IFRSs, the accounting treatment is based
on the approach in the Memorandum of Understanding between the Relevant
Authorities.
1.1.7 The Code involves adaptations and interpretations of International Financial
Reporting Standards and other pronouncements by the International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB) subject to such adaptations and interpretations as are
necessary for the local government context. These will be clearly identified in each
chapter or section of the Code. In all other cases, the Code implements the
requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards. Where users
experience difficulties interpreting this Code, they shall refer back to the relevant
International Financial Reporting Standard or other pronouncement for further
guidance. Where adaptations and interpretations of International Financial
Reporting Standards contained in the Code are in line with the guidance contained
in International Public Sector Accounting Standards or other reporting standards
relevant to the public sector, authorities shall refer to those standards for further
guidance.
1.1.8 In the unusual event that a local authority enters into a transaction, the accounting
treatment and disclosure requirements of which are not covered by the Code, but
which are covered by an extant IAS, IFRS, SIC Interpretation or IFRIC
Interpretation, by an IPSAS or other reporting standards relevant to the public
sector, the requirements of the relevant IAS, IFRS, SIC Interpretation, IFRIC
Interpretation, IPSAS or other GAAP shall be followed.
1.2 APPLICABILITY OF THE CODE

1.2.1 This Code has effect for financial years commencing on or after 1 April 20152016.
1.2.2 In England and Wales, the Code is part of the ‘proper practices’ requirements
governing the preparation of an authority’s Statement of Accounts referred to in
section 21 of the Local Government Act 2003. However, the Code does not apply
to any parish or community councils, even those required to prepare Statements of
Accounts. Alternative guidance is applicable to these councils. All authorities to
which section 21 applies that are required to prepare a Statement of Accounts by
authorities following the specifications of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland)

Regulations 2014. This chapter of the Code for the avoidance of doubt uses the term
Annual Accounts for Scottish authorities.
the Accounts and Audit Regulations under section 27 32 of the Audit Commission
Act 1998Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 or section 39 of the Public Audit
(Wales) Act 2004, except parishes and community councils, therefore have a
statutory duty to comply with Code requirements. In practice this definition includes
principal councils, police and crime commissioners, fire and rescue authorities, and
the Greater London Authority and its functional bodies.
1.2.3 In practice this definition includes principal councils, police and crime
commissioners, fire and rescue authorities, and the Greater London Authority and
its functional bodies. Section 3 of the Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014
requires a relevant authority (defined in Schedule 2 of the Act (other than a health
service body)) to prepare a statement of accounts. It is expected that bodies
covered by the Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015 or the Accounts and Audit
(Wales) Regulations 2014 requirements to prepare a Statement of Accounts but
not by the definition of proper practices in section 21 of the Local Government Act
2003 will adopt the Code as a source of proper practices, unless adoption is ruled
out by legislation or a more specialised accounting code applies. to them.
Specialised bodies should check against the definitions to determine whether they
are covered.
A
1.2.4 Section 141 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 stipulates
that a number of sections of Part 1 Capital Finance etc and Accounts of the Local
Government Act 2003 (including Sections 21 and 22) apply to chief constables as
they apply to a local authority. transitional provision order2 confirmed that sections
21 and 22 of the Local Government Act 2003 apply to chief constables as they
apply to a local authority. More specialised bodies should check against the
definitions to decide whether they are covered. It is expected that bodies covered
by the Accounts and Audit Regulations requirements to prepare a Statement of
Accounts but not by the definition of proper practices in section 21 of the Local
Government Act 2003 will adopt the Code as a source of proper practices, unless
adoption is ruled out by legislation or a more specialised accounting code applies
to them.
1.2.45 The Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 2011 Local Audit and
Accountability introducedAct 2014 confirmed the a new threshold for smaller
relevant bodies authorities in England below which a Statement of Accounts is not
required to be prepared. However, these bodies authorities are permitted by
legislation to follow the requirements for larger relevant bodies authorities in
relation to the Statement of Accounts, which might mean the requirements of the
2
See SI 2013/2319: The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 (Transitional
Provision) Order 2013.
Code. . In addition the regulations require passenger transport executives to

prepare a Statement of Accounts as if proper practices in relation to accounts
were, as appropriate, applicable to an executive. They also require that internal
drainage boards charge a revenue account with an amount equal to the payments
and contributions statutorily payable in a year under an arrangement accounted for
as a defined benefit pension plan or as other long-term employee benefits (as
defined in accordance with proper practices). Passenger transport executives and
internal drainage boards should apply the Code in accordance with the
requirements of the regulations.
1.2.56 Scottish local authorities have a duty under section 12 of the Local Government in
Scotland Act 2003 to observe proper accounting practices. The Code is
recognised as setting out proper accounting practices in this regard. Local
authorities are defined as a council constituted under section 2 of the Local
Government (Scotland) Act 1994, the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, and
those bodies to which section 106(1) of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
applies (ie committees, joint committees and joint boards, the members of which
are appointed by local authorities, charities/trust funds, etc; the trustees of which
are local authorities or their members and transport partnerships created under the
Transport (Scotland) Act 2005). Where a section 106 body complies with the
accounting requirements of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act
2005 and associated regulations it should follow the Charities SORP, or other
financial reporting requirements as specified by the Office of the Scottish Charity
Regulator (OSCR). Where a Common Good Fund (or other trust fund) is a
registered charity, it should also follow the financial reporting requirements of the
OSCR. Where the fund is not a registered charity, it should follow the
requirements of this Code.
1.2.67 In Northern Ireland, district councils are required to prepare Statements of
Accounts under regulation 4 7 of the Local Government (Accounts and Audit)
Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006 2015 and the Code is part of the proper
practices governing their preparation.
1.2.78 This is the sixth seventh edition of the Code to be prepared under International
Financial Reporting Standards. This version of the Code reflects a number of
changes to accounting practice since the 2014/152015/16 Code. These changes
are set out at the end of each section.
1.2.89 Proper practice, as defined by regulations, also includes the requirements of other
codes of practice, such as the Service Reporting Code of Practice (SeRCOP).
Although this Code no longer requires statements or notes to be prepared in
accordance with SeRCOP, in preparing relevant statistical information based on
accounting records local authorities In preparing their accounts, authorities shall
will need to ensure that they comply with the requirements of these other codes
SeRCOP and other Codes of practice as well as the requirements of this Code.
Other Codes of Practice such as CIPFA’s Prudential Code also rely on information
in the financial statements and accounting records. In preparing the financial

statements local authorities shall comply with the requirements of that Code.
1.3 THE CONTEXT OF THE CODE’S

RECOMMENDATIONS
1.3.1 The Code is supported by a number of detailed accounting recommendations
which have evolved as best accounting practice over many years. The provisions
of the Code are updated where professional or statutory developments make it
appropriate. The primary sources are set out in Appendix B.
1.3.2 The Code sets out the accounting concepts and accounting principles which
underpin the Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in Scotland). The following
points are intended to put some of those requirements in context:
 The overriding requirement of the Code remains that the Statement of
Accounts gives a ‘true and fair’ view of the financial position, financial
performance and cash flows of the authority. Where there are changes in
accounting policies or where the requirements of the Code are not met, then
full disclosure and, where relevant, quantification in the Statement of Accounts
are required.
 The Code represents the minimum requirement for disclosure and
presentation (subject to materiality) and is not intended to prejudice the
provision of further information by authorities.
1.4 ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

1.4.1 The Code is based on approved accounting standards and also reflects specific
statutory accounting requirements. Compliance with the Code is therefore
necessary (save in exceptional circumstances) in order that an authority’s
accounts give a ‘true and fair’ view of the financial position, financial performance
and cash flows of the authority.
1.4.2 The requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards and other
pronouncements by the International Accounting Standards Board in effect for
accounting periods commencing on or before 1 January 2015 2016 (as adopted by
the EU) apply unless specifically adapted by the Code.
1.5 MATERIALITY
1.5.1 The Code provides a definition of materiality in paragraph 2.1.2.9 which is applied
to information and disclosures in local authority financial statements. This Code
only requires local authority financial statements to disclose information which is
material.3 CIPFA/LASAAC is of the view that local authorities should only include
disclosures that are material to the presentation of a ‘true and fair’ view of the
financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the authority and to the
understanding of users of the financial statements.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS

(ANNUAL ACCOUNTS IN SCOTLAND)
1.6.1 The Code has been prepared on the basis that the purpose of a local authority’s
published Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in Scotland) is to give electors,
those subject to locally levied taxes and charges, members of the authority,
employees and other interested parties clear information about the authority’s
finances. It should answer such questions as:
What did the authority’s services cost in the year of account?
Where did the money come from?
What were the authority’s assets and liabilities at the year-end?
1.6.2 It is important for compliance with the Code that two particular aspects are
understood clearly. First, all Statements of Accounts should reflect a common
pattern of presentation, although this does not necessarily require them to be in an
identical format. One of the main aims of the Code is to narrow the areas of
difference and variety in accounting treatment and thereby to enhance the
usefulness of published Statements of Accounts. It is important that the costs of
individual services are defined by local authorities in accordance with the CIPFA
Service Reporting Code of Practice (separate service expenditure analyses exist
for England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland).
1.6.3 Secondly, interpretation and explanation of the accounts are considered to be
extremely important. The Code requires that there should be an Explanatory
ForewordNarrative Report to accompany to the financial statements /Statement of
Accounts. The Explanatory ForewordNarrative Report should explain the more
significant features of the accounts (see Section 3.1 of the Code for further details
the requirements to produce a Narrative Report). It should be based on the
information contained in the Statement of Accounts and local authorities should
ensure that it does not contain material inaccuracies or misleading statements in
relation to the Statement of Accounts.
1.6.4 Wherever possible the Statement of Accounts and the supporting notes should be
written in plain language and technical terms or jargon should be used only
3
This position is based on paragraph 3.4.2.26 from the Code’s adoption of IAS 1
Presentation of Financial Statements which states that ‘A local authority need not provide
a specific disclosure required by the Code if the information is not material.’
sparingly. Where the use of technical terms cannot be avoided, they should
always be explained clearly in a glossary.
1.6.5 Where an authority also publishes a summarised or simplified version of its
Statement of Accounts, it should contain a clear reference to the existence of the
full Statement of Accounts and to its availability.
1.6.6 Information contained in the Statement of Accounts will be consolidated into the
Whole of Government Accounts. The Code aims to narrow the areas of difference
and variety in accounting treatment with the rest of the public sector, facilitating
consolidation. As part of the consolidation process, additional information to that
disclosed in the Statement of Accounts may need to be submitted to government;
such information is expected to be in line with the requirements of the Code.
1.7 PUBLICATION
1.7.1 The Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in Scotland) should be prepared
promptly by authorities in a form which fulfils the purpose outlined above in
accordance with the statutory timetable and CIPFA’s Standard of Professional
Practice on Financial Reporting. The accounts must be prepared by 30 June. In
England each authority is required to prepare its accounts for certification by the
responsible financial officer by the first 10 working days in July and to approve and
publish them by 30 September, or as soon a reasonably practicable after the
receipt of the auditors final findings (if later). In Northern Ireland and Wales, the
requirement is to prepare and approve accounts by 30 June and to publish them
by 310 October September. In Scotland, the proper officer is required to submit the
unaudited accounts to the appointed auditor by 30 June. The local authority or a
committee of that authority whose remit includes audit or governance functions
must meet to consider the unaudited Annual Accounts as submitted to the auditor
by 31 August. The Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 require
the local authority to aim to approve the Annual Accounts for signature by 30
September and to publish them by 31 October.
In Scotland, the proper officer is required to submit the unaudited accounts to the
appointed auditor by 30 June. The local authority or a committee of that authority
whose remit includes audit or governance functions must meet to consider the
unaudited Annual Accounts as submitted to the auditor by 31 August. The Local
Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 require the local authority to aim
to approve the Annual Accounts for signature by 30 September and to publish
them by 31 October. and Wales, each authority is required to prepare its accounts
by 30 June and to approve and publish them by 30 September. In Scotland, the
proper officer is required to submit the unaudited accounts to the appointed auditor
by 30 June. The local authority or a committee of that authority whose remit
includes audit or governance functions must meet to consider the unaudited
Annual Accounts as submitted to the auditor by 31 August. The Local Authority
Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 require the local authority to aim to approve
the Annual Accounts for signature by 30 September and to publish them by 31
October. In Northern Ireland, the requirement is to prepare and approve accounts
by 30 June and to publish them by 31 October.
1.7.2 The publication of a Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in Scotland) is a

statutory requirement. However, Statements of Accounts/Annual Accounts form
part of reporting in its wider sense, and must, therefore, be considered in relation
to annual reports. It is recommended that the Statement of Accounts
shouldAccounts should be included within the annual report. However, where this
is not appropriate, the annual report should contain a fair summary of the
Statement of Accounts, with a cross-reference to where and how the full Statement
of Accounts may be obtained. In Scotland, the financial statements are required to
be included in the Annual Accounts.
1.7.3 The Code states which financial statements should be published as part of the
Statement of Accounts (Annual Accounts in Scotland), and the information to be
included in each statement. It also sets out recommendations regarding the order
in which the financial statements and notes to the accounts are presented. Within
the general framework and requirements of the Code, the layout of financial
statements and terminology used are at the discretion of authorities.
1.7.4 The complete set of financial statements as defined in paragraph 3.4.2.17, and
including the summary of significant accounting policies and notes to the accounts,
should form the relevant Statement of Accounts for the purpose of the auditor’s
certificate and opinion in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. These should be
included in the Annual Accounts in Scotland. The statements should be published
with an audit certificate and opinion in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and
with an audit certificate in Scotland. If the published Statement of Accounts has
not been audited, this should be stated clearly on the front of the document.
3.4 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.4.4.1 Authorities shall disclose the information in the financial statements as required by
this section. Having regard to paragraph 3.4.2.26 of this section of the Code,
which permits authorities not to provide a specific disclosure if information is not
material, authorities shall disclose the notes as set out in the other sections of the
Code in addition to the following:
1) The nature of any acquired or discontinued operations and details of any
outstanding liabilities in respect of discontinued operations.
2) The nature, turnover, and surpluses/deficits of any significant trading operation
and for Scottish local authorities the cumulative surplus or deficit for the
current year and two preceding financial years in accordance with the
requirements of the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003.
3) The nature and amount of any significant agency income and expenditure.
4) Sufficient information on any partnership schemes under s75 of the National
Health Service Act 2006, under the Community Care and Health (Scotland)
Act 2002 and under s33 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006 to
allow for the understanding of the authority’s financial affairs. As a minimum
this includes the purpose of the partnership, the identities of partner bodies,
the gross income and expenditure of the partnership and the authority’s
contribution.
5) The totals of members’ allowances (and expenses) paid in the year. In
Scotland all elements of members remuneration and reimbursement of actual
expenditure under the heads of salaries, allowances and expenses.
6) a) Number of employees and police officers whose remuneration in the
year was greater or equal to £50,000, grouped in rising bands of £5,000,
and/or other disclosures specified in regulations or statutory guidance
(Northern Ireland). 4
b) Number of exit packages agreed (grouped in rising bands of £20,000 up to

£100,000, and bands of £50,000 thereafter), analysed between
compulsory redundancies and other departures. Authorities shall also
disclose the total cost of packages agreed in each band. Bands shall be
combined where this is necessary to ensure that individual exit packages
cannot be identified (except where disclosure of payments to the
individuals is required elsewhere under regulations). Exit packages
include compulsory and voluntary redundancy costs, pension contributions
4
It is anticipated that this requirement will be superseded by the Remuneration Report
requirements as stipulated by the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations
(Northern Ireland) 2015.
in respect of added years, ex-gratia payments and other departure costs

(England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland). Scottish local
authorities are required to include the disclosure of exit packages in the
remuneration report.
7) The following amounts for the year:
a) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commissionunder the
Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 or the Auditor General for Wales
with regard to external audit services carried out by the appointed auditor
under the Audit Commission’s Code of Audit Practice prepared by the
Comptroller and Auditor General or Auditor General for Wales’ Code of
Audit and Inspection Practice in accordance with s5 s18 of the Audit
Commission Act 1998 Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 or s16 of
the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004.
b) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commission or the
Auditor General for Wales in respect of statutory inspection under s10 of
the Local Government Act 1999.
c) Fees payable to auditors appointed by the Audit Commission or the
Auditor General for Wales for the certification of grant claims and returns
by the appointed auditor under s28 of the Audit Commission Act 1998 or
s2 of the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004.
d) Fees payable to Audit Scotland in respect of external audit services
undertaken in accordance with the Code of Audit Practice.
e) In Northern Ireland, the amount payable to the Comptroller and Auditor
General for Northern Ireland in respect of external audit services.
f) Fees payable in respect of any other services provided by the appointed
auditor over and above the duties described in notes 7 a) to e) above.
8) In Wales, the following information is also to be disclosed:
a) The total non-domestic rateable value at the year-end and the national
non-domestic rate multiplier for the year.
b) The calculation of the council tax base, ie the number of chargeable
dwellings in each valuation band (adjusted for dwellings where discounts
apply) converted to an equivalent number of band D dwellings.
c) The name of each authority which made a significant precept or demand
on the account and the amount included for each authority.
9) In Northern Ireland, disclosure of details of the rates receivable by the
authority (ie rate in the pound for domestic and non-domestic properties).
10) A breakdown of the movement of the amounts shown in the Movement in
Reserves Statement that are adjustments between accounting basis and
funding basis under regulations to be debited or credited to the General Fund
and Housing Revenue Account for the year and the transfers to/from reserves.
11) Details of the nature and amount of trust funds where the authority acts as the
sole trustee. For other trust funds and other third party funds administered by
the authority, a statement providing an indication of the overall nature and
amounts administered by the authority. Where land or non-financial assets
are managed, occupied or held by the local authority which are impressed with
charitable trusts, the nature of those holdings.
Cash Flow Statement

12) An analysis of the components of cash and cash equivalents.

3.4.5.1 There are no statutory disclosure requirements in relation to the presentation of
financial statements. Authorities shall disclose the statutory notes as set out in the
other sections of the Code in addition to the following:
1) The following disclosures on employee remuneration in accordance with the
Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015 for English authorities and the Accounts
and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014.
a) Number of employees and senior police officers (all police officers in
Wales) (except those included in b) below) whose remuneration in the
year was greater or equal to £50,000, grouped in rising bands of £5,000
(England and Wales), and
b) An analysis by job title of the remuneration and employer’s pension
contributions (as defined by the regulations referred to in 1) above) in
respect of senior employees and relevant police officers whose salary is
£50,000 or more per year (or by name and job title where the salary is
£150,000 or more per year) (England and Wales).
c) In Wales, the reference to ‘£50,000’ in a) and b) above shall be read as
‘£60,000’.
d) In Wales, the remuneration ratio as required by the Accounts and Audit
(Wales) Regulations 2014 (see Regulation 9(2)).
2) A brief explanation of the nature of any scheme under the Transport Act 2000
or the Transport (Scotland) Act 2001, including the gross income and
expenditure of the scheme, and the net proceeds of the scheme (including for
joint schemes the apportionment of such proceeds).
3) A disclosure that demonstrates whether the Dedicated Schools Grant (made
under section 14 of the Education Act 2002) has been deployed in accordance
with regulations made under sections 45A, 45AA, 47, 48(1) and (2) and 138(7)
of, and paragraph 1(7)(b) of Schedule 14 to, the School Standards Framework
Act 1998 (England).
Remuneration report (Northern Ireland)

3.4.5.2 Local authorities in Northern Ireland shall produce the statutory remuneration
report required by the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations
(Northern Ireland) 2015.5
Remuneration report (Scotland)

3.4.5.23 Local authorities in Scotland shall produce the statutory remuneration report in
accordance with the requirements of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland)
Regulations 2014 (SSI 2014/200) and the guidance issued by the Scottish
Government (Scottish Government Finance Circulars 8/2011 and 7/2014).
5
It is anticipated that the Department of the Environment Northern Ireland will specify
the form and content of the Remuneration Report.
3.7 STATEMENTS REPORTING REVIEWS OF INTERNAL

CONTROLS OR INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROLS
3.7.1 Introduction
3.7.1.1 Regulation 46(21) (a) of the Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 20112015,
Regulation 5(2) of the Accounts and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014, Regulation
2A 4(2) of the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern
Ireland) 2006 2015, and Regulation 5(2) of the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland)
Regulations 2014 and Regulation 5(2) of the Accounts and Audit (Wales)
Regulations 2014 require an authority to conduct a review at least once in a year of
the effectiveness of its system of internal control and include a statement reporting
on the review with any published Statement of Accounts (England) (as a part of the
Annual Accounts (Scotland)). Regulation 46(31) (b) of the Accounts and Audit
(England) Regulations 2011 2015, Regulation 4(4) of the Local Government
(Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 and Regulation 5(4) of
the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 require that for a local
authority in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland the statement is an Annual
Governance Statement.

3.7.2.1 The review of internal controls or internal financial controls provides assurance that
the Statement of Accounts gives a true and fair view of the authority’s financial
position at the reporting date and its financial performance during the year.

3.7.3.1 Authorities (except in Scotland) are required to undertake and report on a review of
internal controls.

3.7.4.1 A local authority shall undertake a review of its system of internal control in
accordance with best practice. Delivering Good Governance in Local Government,
published by CIPFA and SOLACE, recommends that the review be reported in an
Annual Governance Statement.
3.7.4.2 The preparation and publication of an Annual Governance Statement in
accordance with Delivering Good Governance in Local Government would fulfil the
statutory requirement in England, Wales and Northern Ireland for a local authority
to conduct a review at least once in each financial year of the effectiveness of its
system of internal control and to include a statement reporting on the review with
its Statement of Accounts. The statement shall relate to the governance system as
it applied during the financial year for the accounts that it accompanies. However,
significant events or developments relating to the governance system that occur
between the reporting date and the date on which the Statement of Accounts is
signed by the responsible financial officer shall also be reported. Where an
authority is in a group relationship with other entities and undertakes significant
activities through the group, the review of the effectiveness of the system of
internal control shall include its group activities.
3.7.4.3 The following information shall be included in the Annual Governance Statement:
a) An acknowledgement of responsibility for ensuring there is a sound system of
governance (incorporating the system of internal control).
b) An indication of the level of assurance that the systems and processes that
comprise the authority’s governance arrangements can provide.
c) A brief description of the key elements of the governance framework, including
reference to group activities where the activities are significant.
d) A brief description of the process that has been applied in maintaining and
reviewing the effectiveness of the governance arrangements, including some
comment on the role of the authority; the executive; the audit
committee/overview and scrutiny committee/risk management committee;
standards committee, internal audit and other explicit reviews/assurance
mechanisms.
e) An outline of the actions taken, or proposed, to deal with significant
governance issues, including an agreed action plan.
f) A specific statement on whether the authority’s financial management
arrangements conform with the governance requirements of the CIPFA
Statement on the Role of the Chief Financial Officer in Local Government
(2010) as set out in the Addendum (2012) to Delivering Good Governance in
Local Government: Framework (CIPFA/SOLACE); and, where they do not, an
explanation of how they deliver the same impact.
3.7.4.4 It is important to recognise that the governance statement covers all significant
corporate systems, processes and controls, spanning the whole range of an
authority’s activities, including in particular those designed to ensure that:
 the authority’s policies are implemented in practice
 high-quality services are delivered efficiently and effectively
 the authority’s values and ethical standards are met
 laws and regulations are complied with
 required processes are adhered to
 performance statements and other published information are accurate and
reliable
 human, financial and other resources are managed efficiently and effectively.
3.7.4.5 The governance statement shall be approved at a meeting of the authority or
delegated committee (in Scotland, the authority or a committee with a remit
including audit or governance) and signed by the chief executive and a leading
member (in Scotland, by the chief executive and the leader of the council).

3.7.5.1 Statutory disclosure requirements will be met by complying with the disclosure
requirements set out above.

3.7.6.1 The 20152016/16 17 Code includes the requirements under the Local Authority
Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014 for Scottish local authorities to undertake a
review of internal control and to produce an Annual Governance Statement as a
part of the Annual Accounts.an update of the Section for Statements Reporting
Reviews of Internal Controls for the new Accounts and Audit 2015 Regulations and
the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015.
3.8 EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
3.8.1 Introduction
3.8.1.1 Authorities shall account for events after the reporting period in accordance with
IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period, except where adaptations to fit the public
sector are detailed in the Code. IPSAS 14 Events after the Reporting Date is
based on IAS 10, and introduces no additional accounting requirements, although
it provides additional guidance for public sector bodies.

3.8.1.2 The date the financial statements are authorised for issue is defined in the Code,
based on legislative requirements.
3.8.1.3 Transfers of services under combinations of public sector bodies (such as local
government reorganisation) do not negate the presumption of going concern.
Definitions
3.8.2.1 Events after the reporting period are those events, both favourable and
unfavourable, that occur between the end of the reporting period and the date
when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Two types of events can
be identified:
a) those that provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the
reporting period (adjusting events after the reporting period), and
b) those that are indicative of conditions that arose after the reporting period
(non-adjusting events after the reporting period).
Authorised for issue

3.8.2.2 The financial statements of an authority are authorised for issue in accordance with
the relevant legislation:
 the Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 2011 2015
 the Accounts and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014
 the Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland)
20062015
 the Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014.
3.8.2.3 Regulations in England require authorities to prepare a Statement of accounts prior
to the commencement of the period for exercise of public rights. This should
commence the first 10 working days of July.
3.8.2.4 Regulations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and Wales require authorities
to prepare a Statement of Accounts before 30 June following the reporting date.

3.8.2.5 In Scotland, the proper officer is required to submit the unaudited accounts to the
appointed auditor by 30 June. The local authority or a committee of that authority
whose remit includes audit or governance functions must meet to consider the
unaudited Annual Accounts as submitted to the auditor by 31 August.
3.8.26 The responsible financial officer (proper officer in Scotland/chief financial officer in
Northern Ireland) shall certify that the accounts give a true and fair view of the
authority’s financial position and financial performance. The Statement of
Accounts shall reflect events after the reporting period up to the date the accounts
were certified by the responsible financial officer, proper officer or chief financial
officer.
3.8.2.47 In England, regulations require the Statement of Accounts published by 30
September to be approved by a committee or local government body and signed
by the chair of the relevant approving committee or body.
3.8.2.5 In Northern Ireland, regulations require an authority to publish its audited
Statement of Accounts by 31 30 October September following the reporting period.
Where the audit has not been completed by this date, the authority shall publish its
unaudited Statement of Accounts by this date and its audited Statement of
Accounts as soon as practicable thereafter.
3.8.2.7 Regulations in Scotland require the local authority to aim to approve the Annual
Accounts for signature no later than 30 September and to publish them no later
than 31 October.
3.8.2.7 In England and Wales, regulations require the Statement of Accounts published
by 30 September (and in Wales any subsequent Statement of Accounts issued
following the conclusion of the audit) to be approved by a committee or local
government body and signed by the chair of the relevant approving body. Where
an authority is unable to publish its audited financial statements on or before the
statutory publication deadlines, the authorised for issue date is the date that the
Statement of Accounts on which the auditors are to give their opinion is certified by
the responsible financial officer.
3.8.2.58 The published Statements of Accounts shall reflect events after the reporting
period up to the date the accounts were authorised for issue. The date the
accounts were authorised for issue shall be:
 Unaudited accounts – the date on which the responsible financial officer
(proper officer in Scotland/chief financial officer in Northern Ireland) certifies
that the accounts give a true and fair view of the authority’s financial position
and financial performance in advance of approval.
 Audited accounts – England, the authorised for issue date is the date the
responsible financial officer re-certifies the financial statements before the
committee, authority or body approves the financial statements in accordance
with the Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015. The re-certification by the
responsible officer shall include a statement on the face of the Balance Sheet
regarding the status of the accounts; examples are ‘These financial statements
replace the unaudited financial statements certified by [responsible financial
officer] on [insert date]’; or ‘The unaudited accounts were issued on [insert
date] and the audited accounts were authorised for issue on [insert date]’.
 Audited accounts – Northern Ireland, the authorised for issue date is the date
the responsible financial officer re-certifies the financial statements before the
committee, or body approves the financial statements in accordance with the
Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015.
The re-certification by the responsible officer shall include a statement on the
face of the Balance Sheet regarding the status of the accounts; examples are
‘These financial statements replace the unaudited financial statements certified
by [chief financial officer] on [insert date]’; or ‘The unaudited accounts were
issued on [insert date] and the audited accounts were authorised for issue on
[insert date]’.
 Audited accounts – Wales, the authorised for issue date is the date the
responsible financial officer re-certifies the financial statements before the
committee, authority or body approves the financial statements in accordance
with the Accounts and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014. The re-certification by
the responsible officer shall include a statement on the face of the Balance
Sheet regarding the status of the accounts; examples are ‘These financial
statements replace the unaudited financial statements certified by [responsible
financial officer] on [insert date]’; or ‘The unaudited accounts were issued on
[insert date] and the audited accounts were authorised for issue on [insert
date]’. Re-certification shall take place in accordance with the approval
process in the Regulations
 (where opinion issued in advance of conclusion of audit (England, Wales and

Northern Ireland only)) – the date on which the responsible financial officer
(chief financial officer in Northern Ireland) re-certifies that the accounts give a
true and fair view of the authority’s financial position and financial
performance. This re-certification shall include a statement on the face of the
Balance Sheet regarding the status of the accounts; examples are ‘These
financial statements replace the unaudited financial statements approved at
the meeting of [insert committee name or body] on [insert date]’; ‘These
financial statements replace the unaudited financial statements certified by
[responsible financial officer] on [insert date]’; or ‘The unaudited accounts were
issued on [insert date] and the audited accounts were authorised for issue on
[insert date]’.
 Audited accounts (where no opinion issued prior to the conclusion of audit) –
the date on which the responsible financial officer (chief financial officer in
Northern Ireland) re-certifies that the accounts give a true and fair view of the
authority’s financial position and financial performance. This re-certification
shall include a statement on the face of the Balance Sheet regarding the status
of the accounts; examples are ‘These financial statements replace the
unaudited financial statements approved at the meeting of [insert committee
name or body] on [insert date]’ (Northern Ireland); ‘These financial statements
replace the unaudited financial statements certified by [responsible financial
officer] on [insert date]’ (England and Wales).
 Audited accounts (where opinion previously issued prior to the conclusion of
audit (Wales and Northern Ireland only)) – the date on which the responsible
financial officer (chief financial officer in Northern Ireland) re-certifies that the
accounts give a true and fair view of the authority’s financial position and
financial performance. This re-certification shall include a statement on the
face of the Balance Sheet that ‘These financial statements replace the
financial statements certified by me on [insert date]’.
 Audited Accounts (Scotland) – the authorised for issue date is the date on
which the proper officer re-certifies the balance sheets after approval by the
authority or relevant committee. The re-certification by the section 95 officer
shall include a statement on the face of the Balance Sheet regarding the status
of the accounts; examples are ‘These financial statements replace the
unaudited financial statements certified by [responsible financial officer] on
[insert date]’; or ‘The unaudited accounts were issued on [insert date] and the
audited accounts were authorised for issue on [insert date]’.
Events after the reporting period

3.8.2.6 An authority shall adjust the amounts recognised in its financial statements to
reflect adjusting events after the reporting period.
3.8.2.7 An authority shall not adjust the amounts recognised in its financial statements to
reflect non-adjusting events after the reporting period.
Going concern
3.8.2.8 An authority shall prepare its financial statements on a going concern basis unless
there is an intention by government that the services provided by the authority will
no longer be provided. An intention by government to transfer services from one
authority to another (for example, as part of local government reorganisation) does
not negate the presumption that the authority is a going concern.

3.8.3.1 Financial statements are authorised for issue in accordance with legislative
requirements (see paragraph 3.8.2.2).

3.8.4.1 An authority shall disclose the following:
1) The date when the financial statements were authorised for issue and who
gave that authorisation. Where the statements may be amended following
audit, the authority shall disclose that fact.
2) If an authority receives information after the reporting period, but before the
financial statements are authorised for issue, about conditions that existed at
the end of the reporting period, the authority shall update disclosures that
relate to these conditions, in the light of the new information.
3) If non-adjusting events after the reporting date are material, non-disclosure
could influence the decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial
statements. Accordingly, an authority shall disclose the following for each
material category of non-adjusting event after the reporting date:
a) the nature of the event, and
b) an estimate of its financial effect, or a statement that such an estimate
cannot be made.
4) Where there is an intention by government to transfer services from the
authority to another (for example, as part of local government reorganisation),
the authority shall disclose that fact.

3.8.5.1 There are no statutory disclosure requirements in relation to events after the
reporting period.

3.8.6.1 There 2015/162016/17 Code has been updated to reflect the requirements of the
Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015 for English Authorities and the Local
Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015Local and
has rationalised the authorised for issue date guidance Authority Accounts
(Scotland) Regulations 2014 for events after the reporting period.
CHAPTER FOUR
Non-current assets
4.1 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Housing Revenue Account – depreciation

4.1.3.3 The Housing Revenue Account Income and Expenditure Statement shall be
4.1.3.5 England: Depreciation is not a proper charge to the General Fund. However, for
HRA non-dwellings, depreciation charged to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision
of Services in the Housing Revenue Account in England shall be charged in
accordance with the requirements of The Item 8 Credit and Item 8 Debit (General)
Determination from 1 April 2012.
4.1.3.6 To ensure compliance with the Accounts and Audit Regulations and The Item 8
Credit and Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April 2012 requirements for
the Major Repairs Reserve, depreciation for HRA dwellings charged to the Housing
Revenue Account is subject to statutory provisions designed to specify the impact
on the HRA (see part 2 of Appendix B for the legislative basis). The following
entries are required or permitted in respect of the Major Repairs Reserve:
 The Major Repairs Reserve shall be credited, and Housing Revenue Account
balances debited, with an amount equal to the depreciation charged to the
HRA in accordance with this Code. This transfer is required to meet the
requirements of the Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 2011 2015
(Regulation 7(5)(a)). In order to neutralise the impact on the HRA of this entry,
a corresponding transfer is also required where Housing Revenue Account
balances are credited and the Capital Adjustment Account is debited. Both
these transfers shall be reported in the Movement in Reserves Statement.
 Where depreciation charges for HRA dwellings are greater than the notional
Major Repairs Allowance (MRA), an amount equal to the difference is
permitted to be transferred to the Housing Revenue Account from the Major
Repairs Reserve and reported in the Movement in Reserves Statement. (Note

that this transfer is permitted on a transitional basis as specified by The Item 8
Credit and Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April 2012.)
 A debit to the HRA equal to the amount that has been credited to the HRA for
decent homes backlog funding and a corresponding credit to the Major
Repairs Reserve in accordance with the requirements of The Item 8 Credit and
Item 8 Debit (General) Determination from 1 April 2012.
 Where an authority funds capital expenditure on dwellings from the Major
Repairs Reserve, this shall be accounted for by debiting the Major Repairs
Reserve and crediting the Capital Adjustment Account, this transfer to be
 Where repayments of principal of any amounts borrowed, or repayments to
meet any liability in respect of credit arrangements (other than any liability
which, in accordance with proper practices, must be charged to a revenue
account), are to be funded from the Major Repairs Reserve, this shall be
accounted for by debiting the Major Repairs Reserve and crediting the Capital
Adjustment Account, this transfer to be reported in the Movement in Reserves
Statement.
 An authority is permitted by The Item 8 Credit and Item 8 Debit (General)
Determination from 1 April 2012 to make an additional voluntary credit transfer
to the Major Repairs Reserve for an amount ‘in excess of any charge for
depreciation to its Major Repairs Reserve’.
4.1.3.7 Scotland: Depreciation for HRA dwellings and non-dwellings charged to Surplus
or Deficit on the Provision of Services are not proper charges to the Housing
Movement in Reserves Statement and replaced with HRA loans fund principal, via
a transfer from the Capital Adjustment Account.
4.1.3.8 Wales: Depreciation for HRA dwellings and non-dwellings charged to Surplus or
Deficit on the Provision of Services are not proper charges to the Housing
Movement in Reserves Statement and replaced with HRA Minimum Revenue
Provision, via transfer.
PART 1 – STATUTORY SOURCES
Great Britain
1 Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (including HRA in England and
Wales)
2 Local Government Finance Act 1992 (Council tax)
3 Waste and Emissions Trading Act 2003 (Landfill allowances)
England and Wales

1 Local Government Act 1972
2 Superannuation Act 1972 (Pension funds)
3 Local Government Finance Act 1988 (General Fund and Collection Fund)
4 Audit Commission Act 1998The Local Government and Housing Act 1989
5 School Standards and Framework Act 1998 (School balances)
6 Transport Act 2000
7 Education Act 2002 (Dedicated Schools Grant)
8 Local Government Act 2003, Part 1 (Capital finance and accounts)
9 Local Government Act 2003, Part IV (Business Improvement Districts)
10 Waste and Emissions Trading Act 2003
11 Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004
12 National Health Service Act 2006
13 National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006
14 Planning Act 2008 (Community Infrastructure Levy)
15 Business Rate Supplements Act 2009
16 The Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 2011 (SI 2011/817)
15 The Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014
1716 The Accounts and Audit (Wales) Regulations 2014 (Welsh SI 2014/3362)
167 The Accounts and Audit (England) Regulations 20115 (SI 20115/817234)
Scotland
1 Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
2 Local Government (Scotland) Act 1975
3 Housing (Scotland) Act 1987 (HRA)
4 Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994
5 Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000
6 Transport (Scotland) Act 2001

7 Community Care and Health (Scotland) Act 2002
8 Local Government in Scotland Act 2003
9 Transport (Scotland) Act 2005
10 The Local Authority Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2014
Northern Ireland
1 Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972
2 The Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Orders
1985
1992
1995
3 The Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 2005
4 The Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland)
2006
54 The Local Government Companies (Best Value) Order (Northern Ireland) 2006
65 Local Government Finance Act (Northern Ireland) 2011
76 The Local Government (Capital Finance and Accounting) Regulations
(Northern Ireland) 2011 (SRNI 2011/326)
47 The Local Government (Accounts and Audit) Regulations (Northern Ireland)
200615 (SRNI 2015/106)
ED 8 ‐ Minor Amendments Relating Improvements to IFRSs 2010 – 2012 Cycle, Accounting for
Schools in England and Wales and Equal pay and Severance Scotland
CHAPTER SEVEN
Financial instruments
7.1 INTRODUCTION, SCOPE, RECOGNITION AND
INITIAL MEASUREMENT, HEDGE ACCOUNTING,
DERIVATIVES AND EMBEDDED DERIVATIVES AND
DEFINITIONS
7.1.8 Definitions
7.1.8.1 The following terms are used in this Code with the meanings specified:
A financial asset is any asset that is:
a) cash
b) an equity instrument of another entity
c) a contractual right:
i) to receive cash or another financial asset from another entity, or
ii) to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under
conditions that are potentially favourable to the authority
d) a contract that will or may be settled in the entity’s own equity instruments and
is:
i) a non-derivative for which the entity is or may be obliged to receive a
variable number of the entity’s own equity instruments, or
ii) a derivative that will or may be settled other than by the exchange of a
fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the
entity’s own equity instruments. For this purpose the entity’s own equity
instruments do not include instruments that are themselves contracts for
the future receipt or delivery of the entity’s own equity instruments.
Note: in practice d) is not applicable to local authorities as they do not issue equity
instruments.
A financial liability is any liability that is:
a) a contractual obligation:
i) to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity, or
ii) to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under
conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the authority
b) a contract that will or may be settled in the entity’s own equity instruments and
is:
i) a non-derivative for which the entity is or may be obliged to deliver a
variable number of the entity’s own equity instruments, or
ii) a derivative that will or may be settled other than by the exchange of a
fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the
entity’s own equity instruments. For this purpose the entity’s own equity
instruments do not include instruments that are themselves contracts for
the future receipt or delivery of the entity’s own equity instruments.
Note 1: in practice b) is not applicable to local authorities as they do not issue
equity instruments.
Note 2: The Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010 – 2012 Cycle added:
“It is contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination to
which IFRS 3 Business Combinations applies.” to the conditions for a financial
asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss
CHAPTER EIGHT
Liabilities
8.2 PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND

CONTINGENT ASSETS
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.1.1 Authorities shall account for provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets, IFRIC 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar
Liabilities, IFRIC 5 Rights to Interest arising from Decommissioning, Restoration
and Environmental Rehabilitation Funds and IFRIC 6 Liabilities arising from
Participating in a Specific Market – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment,
except where adaptations to fit the public sector are detailed in the Code.
8.2.1.2 IPSAS 19 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets is based on IAS
37, and provides additional guidance for public sector bodies.
8.2.1.3 This section of the Code does not cover provisions, contingent liabilities and
contingent assets in relation to:
 those provisions and contingent liabilities arising from social benefits
provided by an authority for which it does not receive consideration that is
approximately equal to the value of goods and services provided, directly in
return from the recipients of those benefits (other than through the normal
accruals process)
 financial instruments (including measurement of financial guarantees after
initial measurement) that are within the scope of chapter seven
 those resulting from executory contracts, other than where the contract is
onerous subject to other provisions of this paragraph, and
 where another section of the Code deals with a specific type of provision,
contingent liability or contingent asset, instead an authority applies that
section of the Code instead of this section, for example; construction
contracts (section 5.2), income taxes (Appendix A, paragraph A.1.2), leases
(section 4.2), employee benefits (chapter six), insurance contracts (Appendix
A, paragraph A.1.7) and contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business
combination (see IFRS 3 Business Combinations).
8.2.3 Statutory Accounting Requirements1

8.2.3.1 In England and Wales, regulations and in Scotland statutory guidance (see part 2
of Appendix B for the legislative basis) permit an authority to defer the impact of
any provision made for back pay arising out of unequal pay claims on a revenue
account. In Scotland, Statutory Guidance in Scottish Government Finance Circular
4/2015 also allows deferral of serverance pay.
8.2.3.2 Where an authority elects to apply the regulation, the difference between the
amount of expenditure included in Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services in
each year and the amount charged under the regulations shall be debited to the
Unequal Pay Back Pay Account, with a corresponding credit to the appropriate
revenue account.
8.2.3.3 To the extent that a provision is derecognised (for example where payments are
made to a group of employees), an authority shall credit the Unequal Pay Back
Pay Account, with a corresponding debit to the appropriate revenue account. In
Scotland the account shall be the Equal pay provision statutory adjustment
account and for severance a Severance provision statutory adjustment account.
8.2.3.4 There are no equivalent provisions in Scotland and Northern Ireland; authorities in
those countriesNorthern Ireland shall account for any provisions in relation to back
1
ED Footnote only this minor amendment follows the requirement for new statutory
provisions for equal pay and serverance.
pay arising out of unequal pay claims in accordance with the Code.
APPENDIX E
Accounting for schools in
local authorities in England
and Wales
E.1.2 CIPFA/LASAAC is of the view that, based on the indicators of control identified
under the requirements of the Code’s adoption of IFRS 10, the balance of control
lies with local authorities for all maintained schools. The recognition of non-current
assets used by schools shall be determined in accordance with the definition of an
asset in paragraph 2.1.2.23 and with the relevant standards adopted by chapter
four Non-current Assets of this Code as appropriate to the arrangements for the
assets. These assets shall be recognised in a local authority’s Balance Sheet if
they meet the appropriate recognition criteria (see chapter four) either for the local
authority or for a school2 within the local authority area.
2
Where the school is an entity in accordance with paragraph E1.1.

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ED 1 Improvements to Presentation, of the Financial Statements Amendments

to IAS 1 and Provisions for the Narrative Report

3.4 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Adaptation for the public sector context

3.4.2 Accounting Requirements

Cash and cash equivalents

an authority’s cash management.

information, using the accrual basis of accounting, ie the authority recognises

3.4.2.3132When it is impracticable to reclassify comparative amounts, an authority shall

Structure and content of financial statements

Movement in Reserves Statement

 capital grants, contributions and income in relation to donated assets credited

m) gain or loss on disposal of non-current assets

3.4.2.4743Anauthority shall not present any items of income or expense as extraordinary

Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services

Other Comprehensive Income and Expenditure for the period

will be reclassified subsequently to the Surplus or Deficit on the Provision of Services

Information to be presented either in the Comprehensive Income and

Movement in Reserves Statement

‘unusable’ reserves. The Movement in Reserves Statement shows how the

pension scheme regulations

balance Scotland) showing opening and closing balances and movements in

i) deferred tax asset (Group Accounts only)

Information to be presented either in the Balance Sheet or in the notes

Cash Flow Statement

Cash Flow Statement – direct method

e) cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period

f) other receipts from investing activities

Cash Flow Statement – indirect method

h) cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period

Cash Flow Statement – general

Notes to the financial statements

uv) non-current assets held for sale

disclosure of these judgments should not be onerous. This should be covered by

minimum the following lines:

authority shall also present a reconciliation of segment assets

3.4.3 Statutory Accounting Requirements

3.4.4 Disclosure Requirements

b) Number of exit packages agreed (grouped in rising bands of £20,000 up to

combined where this is necessary to ensure that individual exit packages

10) A breakdown of the movement of the amounts shown in the Movement in

Cash Flow Statement

3.4.5 Statutory Disclosure Requirements

Remuneration report (Northern Ireland)

Remuneration report (Scotland)

3.4.6 Changes since the 20142015/15 16 Code

Management Commentary – Scottish Local Authorities

authority judges as central in assessing progress against the its strategic

3.1.2 Accounting Requirements

those same balances in the Movement in Reserves Statement.

3.1.3 Statutory Accounting Requirements

3.1.4 Disclosure Requirements

3.1.5 Statutory Disclosure Requirements

Finance Circular 5/2015 provides statutory guidance on the Management

3.1.6 Changes since the 20142015/15 16 Code

Adaptations and Interpretations for the public sector context

4.11.2 Accounting Requirements

reported with other infrastructure assets in property, plant and equipment.

4.11.3 Statutory Accounting Requirements