CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

In the fast changing world, information technology and information

management are going to play an important role. We are living in the computer age

during past some year. The computer has gaining popularity. Computer revolution found

its way into almost every aspect of human life and living. A computer is admirably

suited to handle any information and hence is an information processor that is, it can

receive data, perform some basic operations on that data and produces results according

to a predetermined program.

Online Examination System is a project in which online examination facility is

provided to the students through that they can check their knowledge level and

programming skills.

This project is basically divided into three modules. First module is Admin

Module which controls all the process whereas Member Module actually uses the

software associated with the website and the last Registration Module which Concern

with all the process regarding registration.

1.1 BACKGROUND

In the background of online examination system a lot of paper work was done and a lot of
human resource was needed to conduct any type of examination. By using this system all
the paper and manual work can be removed and things would become much simpler. This
is a new approach to test the skills of students in shorter span of time. There is no need to
perform manual checking of answers of questions within minute results can be generated.
There is no bound on conducting examination. It could be conducted either in the
morning or late night. Users also would have facility to give exams by sitting any part of
the work.

1.1.1 System Objective

Today’s world is computer world because most of work is doing with the help of
computer. Dependency on computer is behind the few reasons. We cannot easily manage
to store large number of data or information single handle. If we will be need some
information or data in urgency then we cannot manage in manually these works are very
difficult if we cannot use computer.

1.1.2 System Context:

This section clearly depicts the environment and boundaries of the OES and the entities
with which it interacts. it helps us see how the system fits into the existing scheme of
things. What the system will do by itself and what it expects other entities to do is clearly
delineated.
1.1.3 Functional Requirement:

The functional requirement of project is that records of all students who have appeared
for exams should be kept safely and whole session of examination conduction should be
carried on smoothly.

1.1.4 Non-Functional Requirement

These are quality requirement that stipulate the performance levels required of the system
for various kind of activate. Numerical lower and upper limits set conditions on the
response times, access times etc of the system. Sometimes tradeoffs a re necessary
among various non-functional requirements.

1.1.5 Future Requirement

These are the specifications which are not provided for now in the current version of OES
but which could be incorporated into future versions. Some of these need advanced
technologies and interface with other system. The OES could be designed in future to
enhance the existing capabilities or add entirely new ones.
 1.2 OBJECTIVES

So the objective of this project is to overcome the limitation of the manual approach. This
project is started towards systematically automating all the work that is done manually at
present. Their aim is to focus following aspects:

 The main objective is to automate non computer environment

 To save manpower.
 It will speed the processing of data and transaction.
 It will provide all the error reporting and handling features, so that the user is
warned and made aware of any foreseen errors. Thus it will reduce the error rate.
 It will provide various ways through which we generate various types of report.
 It will provide best security features such as provisions of passwords.

1.3 Problem Defination

The main problem with conventional examination system was a lot of paper work and a

lot of human resource was needed to conduct any type of examination. By using this

system all the paper and manual work can be removed and things would become much

more simpler. This is a new approach to test the skills of students in shorter span of time.

There is no need to perform manual checking of answers of questions within minute

results can be generated. There is no bound on conducting examination. It could be

conducted either in the morning or late night. Users also would have facility to give

exams by sitting any part of the work.

1.4 Purpose
The purpose of the project is quite simpler. It would facilitate the students to give exams

by sitting on their PC’s using the web technology and giving the exams. Just on a single

click answer would be submitted and their is no need of a lot of papers which was used

previously.

1.5 Scope

The scope of the project is very vast. It can be further enhanced in which all India level

examination would be conducted. If the project is further enhanced and newer

technologies, concepts and security measures would be implemented.

 CHAPTER 2 : Problem Formulation
Introduction
Problem introduction or problem starting is the starting point of the software
development activity. The objective of this statement is to answer: Exactly what must the
system do? The software project is initiated by the client’s need. In the beginning, these
needs are on the minds of various people in the client’s organization. The analyst has to
identify the requirements by talking to the people and understanding to their needs. It
goes without saying that an accurate and through understanding of software requirement
are essentials to the success of software development effort. All further development like
system analysis. System design and coding will depends on how accurate and well
understood the requirements are poorly analyzed and specified software will disappoint
the user and will bring brief to the developer. No matter how well designed and well
appearances are often deceiving. Chances of misinterpretation are very high, ambiguity is
probable and communication gap between customer and developer is bound to bring
confusions. Requirements understanding begin with a clear and concise heading stating in
sentence the task to be performed. Then requirements are describe in a technical manner
precise statement.

2.1 Feasibility study

All projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time! Unfortunately, the
development of computer based system is more likely to be plagued by a scarcity of
resources and difficult delivery dates. It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the
feasibility of the project at the earliest possible time. Months or years of effort, Money
loss and untold professional embarrassment can be averted I few better understand the
project at its study time.

This type of study determines if an application can and should be developed. Once it
has been determining that, application is feasible. After that analyst can go ahead and
prepares the project specification, which finalizes project requirements. Feasibility
studies are undertaken within tight time constraints.

1. Technical Feasibility
2. Operational Feasibility
3. Economic Feasibility
4. Legal Feasibility

2.1.1 Technical Feasibility:

As we know the technical feasibility is concerned with specifying equipment and
software that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the
system may vary considerably, but might include:

 The facility to produce outputs of advertisements, shopping and mailing in a given

time for ease of use.
 Response time under certain condition is minimal.
 Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed.
 Facility to communicate data to distinct location.
In examining the technical feasibility, configuration of the system is given more
importance than the actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the
complete picture about the system’s requirements- how many workstations are required,
how these units are interconnected so that they could operate and communicate smoothly.

2.1.2 Operational Feasibility:

 Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information system that
will meet the financial management requirements of the business/organization. This test
of feasibility asks if the system will work when it developed and installed. Are there
major barriers to implementation?

Some of the important questions that are useful to test the operational feasibility of a
project are given below:

 Is there sufficient support for the project from the implementation? From user? If the
present system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see
reasons for change, there may be resistance.
 Are current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, user may
welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and useful system
 Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the Project? If they
are involved at the earliest stage of project development, the chances of resistance can
be possibly reduced.
 Will the proposed system cause harm? Will it produce poorer result in any case or
area?
 Will the performance of staff member fall down after implementation? Issue that
 Appears to be quite minor at the early stage can grow into major problem after
Implementation.

2.1.3 Economical Feasibility:

Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the
effectiveness of the proposed system. More commonly known as cost/benefits
analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from
the purposed system and compared with costs.

If benefits outweigh cost, a decision is taken to design and implement the system.
Otherwise, further justification or alternative of the proposed system will have to be made
if it has a chance of being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy
at each phase of the system life cycle. The analysis part also clears the doubt of economic
problems which could be possible in developing the system. As already mentioned that
the company has to just pay the developed software cost and not other investment is
needed at the time of implementation of the new system as the preliminary requirements
already exist in the company.

2.1.4 Legal Feasibility:

In the legal feasibility is necessary to check that the software we are going to develop is
legally correct which means that the ideas which we have taken for the proposed system
will be legally implemented or not so , it is also an important step in feasibility study.

2.2 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION

The definition of our problem lies in manual system and a fully automated system.

2.2.1 Manual System

The system is very time consuming and lazy. This system is more prone to error and
sometimes the approach to various problems is unstructured.

2.2.2 Technical System

With the advent of latest technology if we do not update our system then our business
result in losses gradually with time. The technical system contains the tools of latest trend
i.e. computers, printers, FAX, Internet etc the system with the technology are very fast,
accurate, user friendly and reliable.
2.2.3 Need of Online Examination System
The need for this system is that it has enabled the use of Internet and web server concept.
Online examination would be done using browser at the client, and all the data would get
save on a single server that is web server.

2.3 The Proposed System

The proposed system will to overcome the limitation of the manual approach. This
project is started towards systematically automating all the work that is done manually at
present. The main aim of this project is :

 To automate non computer environment

 To save manpower.
 To speed the processing of data and transaction.
 To provide all the error reporting and handling features, so that the user is warned
and made aware of any foreseen errors. Thus it will reduce the error rate.
 To provide various ways through which we generate various types of report.
 To provide best security features such as provisions of passwords.

Modules used in the Project

There are mainly three modules in the project-

1. Admin

2. Member

3. Registration
1. Admin Features

a) Can view personal information about every user.

b) Can add and delete question.

c) Can add and delete news of the project.

2. Member Features

a) User can choose subjects in which he want to give examination.

b) User can go for online examination.

c) User can skip a question or give the answers of questions.

d) After examination is finished he can check about correct and incorrect answers .

e) After result he can share his experience.

3. Registration Features

a) New user can register.

b) After registration, he can view his profile.

c) If user has a need for changing any information, so he can perform updation in his

profile.

2.4 Existing System

The Existing system comprises of a system in which details are to be manually handled
this is not use friendly
 CHAPTER 3
System Architecture and Design

3.1 DEFINING A SYSTEM

Collection of component, which are interconnected, and work together to realize some
objective, from a system. There are three components in every system, namely input,
processing and output

Input Processing Output

3.1.1 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

The Systems development life cycle (SDLC), or Software development process in
systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, is a process of
creating or altering information systems, and the models and methodologies that people
use to develop these systems. In software engineering, the SDLC concept underpins
many kinds of software development methodologies. These methodologies form the
framework for planning and controlling the creation of an information system the
software development process.

Broadly, following are the different activities to be considered while defining the system
development life cycle for the said project:

 Problem Defination
 System Analysis
  Study of existing system
 Drawback of the existing system
 Proposed system
 System Requirment study
 Data flow analysis
 Feasibility study
 System design
 Input Design (Database & Forms)
 Updating
 Query /Report design
 Administration
 Testing
 Implementation
 Maintenance

3.1.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Systems analysis is the study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems
analysis. This field is closely related to requirements analysis or operations research. It is
also "an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help someone (referred to as the decision
maker) identify a better course of action and make a better decision than he might
otherwise have made.

System development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems
analysis and systems design. In System Analysis more emphasis is given to
understanding the details of an existing system or a proposed one and then deciding
whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system needs
improvements. Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a system, identifying
problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system.

3.1.3 SYSTEM DESIGN

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the
application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap with the
disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering. If the
broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing, design, and
manufacturing into a single approach to product development," then design is the act of
taking the marketing information and creating the design of the product to be
manufactured. Systems design is therefore the process of defining and developing
systems to satisfy specified requirements of the user. Until the 1990s systems design had
a crucial and respected role in the data processing industry. In the 1990s standardization
of hardware and software resulted in the ability to build modular systems. The increasing
importance of software running on generic platforms has enhanced the discipline of
software engineering.

Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used methods
for computer systems design. The UML has become the standard language in object-
oriented analysis and design. It is widely used for modeling software systems and is
increasingly used for high designing non-software systems and organizations
 3.1.3.1 E-R Diagram

The entity-relationship model or entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a data model or

diagram for high-level descriptions of conceptual data model, and it provides a graphical
notation for representing such data models in the form of entity-relationship diagrams.
Such models are typically used in the first stage of information-system design; they are
used, for example, to describe information needs and/or the type of information that is to
be stored in the database during the requirement analysis. The data modelling technique,
however, can be used to describe any ontology (i.e. an overview and classifications of
used terms and their relationships) for a certain universe of discourse (i.e. area of
interest).

In the case of the design of an information system that is based on a database,

the conceptual data model is, at a later stage (usually called logical design), mapped to a
logical data model, such as the relational model; this in turn is mapped to a physical
model during physical design.Note that sometimes, both of these phases are referred to as
"physical design".There are a number of conventions for entity-relationship diagrams
(ERDs). The classical notation is described in the remainder of this article, and mainly
relates to conceptual modelling. There are a range of notations more typically employed
in logical and physical database design.
 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The data flow diagram shows the flow of data within any system. It is an important tool
for designing phase of software engineering. Larry Constantine first developed it. It
represents graphical view of flow of data. It’s also known as BUBBLE CHART. The
purpose of DFD is major transformation that will become in system design symbols used
in DFD:- In the DFD, four symbols are used and they are as follows.

1. A square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.

2. An arrow identifies data flow-data in motion. It is 2a pipeline through which

information flows.

3. A circle or a “bubble “(Some people use an oval bubble) represents a process that
transfers informing data flows into outgoing data flows.

4. An open rectangle is a data store-data at rest, or a temporary

repository of data.

CONTEXT LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

This level shows the overall context of the system and its operating environment
and shows the whole system as just one process. Online book store is shown as
one process in the context diagram; which is also known as zero level DFD,
shown below. The context diagram plays important role in understanding the
system and determining the boundaries. The main process can be broken into sub-
processes and system can be studied with more detail; this is where 1 st level DFD
comes into play.

Users Visitor

Request Response
Online
Examination

Response View

Administrator
Retrieve Update

Context Diagram

FIRST LEVEL DFD:-

 This level (level 1) shows all processes at the first level of numbering, data stores,
external entities and the data flows between them. The purpose of this level is to show the
major high-level processes of the system and their interrelation. A process model will
have one, and only one, level-1 diagram. A level-1 diagram must be balanced with its
parent context level diagram, i.e. there must be the same external entities and the same
data flows, these can be broken down to more detail in the level 1

Sudent Information

Choose Subject Information

Student Result
Student Result

Registe
r
Choos Online
Update
e
Exam
Subject

Datab
ase
Add

Info
Subject Subject Information

First Level DFD

uname

Email_id
 User Name

User
Exam result

Receive Register
Marks
Password

FeeRange Exam result

Registartion USER ID
Exam id

Username

RESULTT
PERFORM
M

Exam result

C
DBMS
os
C++

ER Diagram

Visiting time date id

E-R Diagram
Visitor

N
 name

course
Father’s name
Register
email
gender
Personal info

password
dob
Password Login
N
username
mobile
Admin
Controls Examinee
1
city
address

pin

state

Generates
Choose

result marks Other Subject

Computer Subject

examid
username N N

Exam Result Subject

Option3
Option4
1
Option2
Q_id
Question
Option1
Perform Test
Finish Test Questions
50

DATA TABLES

Q2
RegistrationTable :

C Test Table :
CPP Table :

JavaTest :

GK Test :
Eng Test :

Experience :
News Table :

Result Table :
Checks Table :

Counter :
4.5 System Implementation
During the implementation stage the system in physically created. Necessary programs
are coded, debugged and documented. A new hardware is selected, ordered and installed.

4.6 System Specification

Every computer system consists of three major elements.

1. The Hardware
2. Application software such as visual studio
3. Operating system

For successful operation of the package following must be kept in mind:

 Too many packages should not be used, as very few system may have all those
packages installed due to memory problem. Thus, the compatibility of the system
development will get reduced.

4.6.1 Hardware Requirements

 Pentium IV Processor
 512 MB RAM
 40 GB HDD
 Color Monitor
 Keyboard, Mouse

4.6.2 Software Requirements

Front-end Tool: - PHP, HTML, JAVASCRIPT.

 User friendly
 Low Cost Solution
 GUI feature
 Better designing aspects.

Back-end Tool: - MySQL

Technologies Used

Presentation Layer

Web Interface

 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

 CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
 JavaScript
Database Layer

 MYSQL

SERVER

WAMP SERVER
 HTML

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

 HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

 HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>

 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.

HTML Documents

 HTML documents describe web pages

 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages
CSS

A few words about CSS

 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

 Styles define how to display HTML elements
 Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
 Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
 External Style Sheets can save you a lot of work
 External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
 Multiple style definitions will cascade into one

CSS provides means to customize inbuilt HTML tags

HTML tags were originally designed to define the content of a document. They were supposed
to say "This is a header", "This is a paragraph", "This is a table", by using tags like <h1>, <p>,
<table>, and so on. The layout of the document was supposed to be taken care of by the
browser, without using any formatting tags.

As the two major browsers - Netscape and Internet Explorer - continued to add new HTML tags
and attributes (like the <font> tag and the color attribute) to the original HTML specification, it
became more and more difficult to create Web sites where the content of HTML documents was
clearly separated from the document's presentation layout.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - the non profit, standard setting
consortium, responsible for standardizing HTML - created STYLES in addition to HTML 4.0.  

All major browsers support Cascading Style Sheets.

Styles sheets define HOW HTML elements are to be displayed, just like the font tag and the
color attribute in HTML 3.2. Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style
sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in your Web, just by
editing one single CSS document.
 JavaScript

JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to improve the design, validate forms, detect
browsers, create cookies, and much more. JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on
the internet, and works in all major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Opera.

A few words about JavaScript

 JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages

 JavaScript is a scripting language
 A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
 JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
 JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary
compilation)
 Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license

Purpose of using JavaScript

 JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally
not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax!
Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages
 JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like
this: document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML
page
 JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something
happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML
element
 JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change
the content of an HTML element
 JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form
data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing
  JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to
detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page
specifically designed for that browser
 JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and
retrieve information on the visitor's computer

Where to Put the JavaScript

Scripts in the head section: Scripts to be executed when they are called, or when an event is
triggered, go in the head section. When you place a script in the head section, you will ensure
that the script is loaded before anyone uses it. 

Scripts in the body section: Scripts to be executed when the page loads go in the body
section. When you place a script in the body section it generates the content of the page.

Using an External JavaScript: When you might want to run the same JavaScript on several
pages, without having to write the same script on every page, then you can write a JavaScript in
an external file. Save the external JavaScript file with a .js file extension. The external script
cannot contain the <script> tag. To use the external script, point to the J1.js file in the "src"
attribute of the <script> tag:

<script type="text/javascript" src="J1.js"></script>

PHP

PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web
pages.

PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.

 PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use
What Can PHP Do?

 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data.

Why PHP?

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

My Sql

MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).

SQL is the most popular language for adding, accessing and managing content in a database. It

is most noted for its quick processing, proven reliability, ease and flexibility of use. MySQL is an

essential part of almost every open source PHPapplication. Good examples for PHP & MySQL-

based scripts are WordPress, Joomla, Magento and Drupal.

 One of the most important things about using MySQL is to have a MySQL specialized host.

Here are some of the things SiteGround can offer:

 We have long experience in providing technical support for MySQL-based web sites. Thanks to

it our servers are perfectly optimized to offer the best overall performance for

most MySQL applications.

 We offer a lot of free MySQL tools including CMS systems, forums, galleries, blogs, shopping

carts and more.

 We support MySQL 5 and we provide unlimited MySQL databases on all our hosting plans.

Features are:
 The graphical management tools make it extremely easy to manage the server.
 Security
 Portability
 Performance
 Scalability

 Reliability

4.7 Installation
The application installation script have to be generated from the current server where the
application source code saved and installed in the main server from where the application
is to be run. This was done using a special code, which generates all SQL-Statements to
insert preliminary data (like menu entries, code in code directories etc) at server and the
operational modules of the application made available to the end user successfully.

4.8 Implementation
The system is still under construction few report are yet to me made after that this system
will be implanted at client side. Users will be given a training to use the package and
special work shop is conducted by the courier for the purpose and according to their
feedback the change implanted in the software.

CHAPTER 5
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
This section discuses the result of work done in this project and also mentions the future
scope improvement

Conclusion
The software will be developed by implementing the concept of modularity which in turn
reduces the complexity involved in maintaining it. The administrator should have a sound
technical knowledge about maintaining the software and further enhancements will be
undertaken by the developer.

The application is portable which ensure its adaptability for use on different computer
terminals with different operating system and standards.

The factors guarantee the software’s availability includes proper termination and correct
input details.

Hence we may conclude that the application system being developed helps a great deal in
modifying the computerized ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM.

Future Scope of Improvement:-

This software is very flexible to modify itself with the needs of users and customers in
future. Yet the software is capable of enhancement. In my current software there are three
modules are available. These are:-
 1. Admin Module

2. Member Module

3. Registration Module

Here we describe some features, which can be later introduced in the software for
enhancing it:

Online registration of students according to the fee payment Chalaan would be done
and automatically registration form, admit card would also be generated besides
online examination.

List of common validation:-

1. Username password authentication is applied at login page.

2. Mobile phone textbox can not have more than 10 nos.

 REFERENCES

BIBLOGRAPHY:-

Designing and implementation phase: -

1. Software engineering: a practitioners approach by roger s pressman.

2. System analysis and design by Elias m. Ewad.
3. DBMS : Bipin C Desai

Coding phase: -

1. www.w3school.com
2. http://www.php.net
3. PHP (BIBLE)
4. PHP (BLACK Book)
5. PHP (Complete Reference)

Referenced Sites
www.php.net
www.w3school.com