ABRAHAM MASLOW (HOLISTIC-DYNAMIC HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

THEORY) - There’s a ranking in our needs

- Performance in school is average - First stages need to be fulfill, para mag move on sa next
- Has an IQ of 195 needs
- Has no motivation in school, don’t want to effort

Basic Assumptions of Abraham Maslow

 This theory focuses in motivation (our reason as to why

we do things)
 Motivation comes from our needs (ex: Interpersonal Needs
= Seek Companionship)

1. Motivations from our needs is HOLISTIC (whole

personality of a person is motivated)
2. Motivation is COMPLEX (our behaviors can be motivated
by different needs)
3. People are ALWAYS MOTIVATED (we always feel to 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS – food, water, shelter
satisfy a need) (ex: kapag gutom, ang gusto lang ng tao ay food. Whether
4. People have SIMILAR NEEDS and MOTIVATION the means is good or bad, basta makakuha ng foods)
5. Needs have a HIERARCY
 It is recurring
 The only needs that we can satisfy 100%
  Reputation: we want everyone to look up in us
(from perspective of other people)
2. SAFETY NEEDS – physical security, financial stability,
 Self-esteem: one’s desire for strength, achievement,
dependency, protection, freedom, health, employment
adequacy, mastery, and confidence (from internal,
 Can’t satisfy 100% because we can’t guarantee it
self)

3. LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS – seek friends, partner, sense of

5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION – needs to have self-fulfillment, or
connection to other people, ability to love
fulfilling our maximum potential, or become creative in
 Children needs to receive love, because as they
every sense of the world
grow old, they’ll never feel insecure kapag hindi
 Not all people can go to these needs, because may
nareceive yung love sa ibang tao (sana all)
requirement: B-VALUES / Being Values (truth,
 Ang mga bata na hindi naka-receive ng love ay
goodness, beauty, aliveness, uniqueness,
hindi marunong mag express ng love (SO ME)
perfection, completion, justice, simplicity,
 May mga bata raw na onti-onti lang yung
richness, humor)
narereceive na love, which is may massive effect as
 If they value these values, there’s a chance na
they grow old kasi they’ll desperately seek for it.
mafulfill nila yung self-actualizing needs.

4. ESTEEM – needs to gain self-respect, confidence,

OTHER NEEDS THAT MASLOW PROPOSED:
competence, and knowledge that other looks up to us in
high regard
 1. AESTHETIC NEEDS – need for beauty and aesthetically
pleasing experiences (not universal, not all has high needs
of this)
CARL ROGERS (PERSON-CENTERED THEORY)

2. COGNITIVE NEEDS – need for knowledge, our desire to - Want to be a scientific farmer (does experiments when he
know more to our world (not limited to education) was a child)
- Focused on religious devotions (wanted to become
3. NEUROTIC NEEDS – same with Horney and Fromm religious minister, di natuloy ang pagiging seminarista
dahil nag shift sa clinical and educational psychology
- Focus on therapy (recognized by APA, became president
This can be the reason as to why yung mga taong hindi
of American Psychological Association in 1946-1947)
nasasatisfy ang first stage of needs has a high chance na mag
behave nang hindi maganda. PERSON-CENTERED THEORY (Basic Assumptions)

Some say na it’s not a hierarchy, but Maslow said if we look at - All things in world have tendency to evolve from simple

one’s unconscious motives, we can see na it comes from their to complex forms (ex: protons, electrons, neutrons to

physiological needs muna. elements to compounds to RNA to single-celled organisms

to etc etc then humans)
- He called it Formative Tendency (from single-celled down
to multicellular organism and having complex brain
structure)
- Actualizing Tendency: We have tendency to fulfill our
own potential (ex: Seeds to Plants to become Tree)
 - According to Rogers, fulfilling our potential is the only BARRIES TO PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

motivation we have. 1. POSITIVE REGARD – people regard us in a way that affirms

SELF-CONCEPT: dapat congruent sa self na meron tayo. our worth (hinahanap natin yung care and support of our
parents or caregivers)
 This is limited sa kung ano ang aware tayo, and there are
o Positive yung pagkakatingin nila sa atin
things that we’re not aware of.
o When we receive positive regards, tumataas yung
worth natin. Nafefeel natin na may value tayo as a
person.
Organismic Self
o Sometimes it is conditional, nagkakaroon ng
Self Congruence Concept
kondisyon para bigyan tayo ng positive reward (ex:
mag top 1 sa class, para bilhin ng something)
ORGANISMIC SELF (Real Self) – this is what we are objectively
o If you do this, then I’ll give you positive regard.
speaking.
o So, if di niya nameet yung certain na condition,
 Includes everything about us (even things that we are not magkakaroon ng self-doubt yung isang tao.
aware of) o This is called Conditions of Worth, so kapag ang

So, kapag halos parehas ang Real Self and Self-Concept bata raw ay pinalaki sa ganitong situation,

(congruent) ay magiging healthy ang development ng personality mahihirapan siyang tanggapin yung kanyang

natin kasi aware tayo sa kung sino tayo. organismic self. nagkakaroon ng malakas ng ideal
self.
There are times na hindi lapat ang dalawa or what we call,
incongruence. There are barriers that affects one’s person. Kapag may discrepancy sa Organismic and Ideal Self, which is
called Incongruence.
Incongruence = Anxiety because they know na hindi siya yung Ito ang source kay nagkakaroon ng mood disorders ang isang tao
ideal self niya. kasi hindi lapat ang organismic self and self-concept ng isang
tao.
DEFENSIVENESS – happens when there is an incongruence
PERSON-CENTERED PSYCHOTHERAPY
1. DISTORTION – if may situation na hindi lumalaspat sa self-
concept, dinidistort ng tao yung meaning ng experience na  Babaliktarin ang barriers

yon para maging lapat sa kaniyang self-concept. (Ex: May  Should’ve a congruent therapist (kasi hindi magiging

self-concept siya na arki student siya, pero may isang tao mukhang genuine yung therapist kapag hindi siya

na nagsabi na ang galing niya sa pagsasayaw, so inisip congruent)

niya na wala naman siyang ginagawa)  Genuine therapist = Unconditional Positive Regard
(tatanggapin yung tao kung sino, ano, at paano man siya
2. DENIAL – dinedeny ng tao yung experience niya na hindi mag isip in every ways without conditions)

lapat sa self-concept niya. Iisipin niya na hindi nangyari  Kapag nangyari na yon, iisipin ng client na it’s okay to be
yon, para hindi masira yung self-concept niya. Hindi niya honest and open kasi may nakakatanggap naman pala
nilalagay sa awareness niya yung di lapat sa sef-concept sakaniya, therefore, magiging honest and open na siya sa
niya. sarili niya. The client will become open to change.

POSITIVE SELF-REGARD – hindi na niya kailangan ng ibang

DISORGANIZATION – happens when defensiveness fails. tao na makakapagbigay ng positive regard kasi they can do it
Masisira yung illusion niya na parehas yung organismic self niya themselves na.
at ideal self ay parehas kahit very different. It can lead to
confusion na di niya na alam kung ano ang totoong self niya.
ROLLO MAY (EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY)
 - Not interested sa education, his father believed the reason 2. MITWELT – relationship with other people
as to why her sister got a psychological breakdown is 3. EIGENWELT – mode of being in relation to our SELF
because of the school (TRUEEE)
Being torn away from these modes = Anxiety
- Hates his family, naglayas si accla for 3 years
- Applied as a teacher, met Adler. Inspired to study human Awareness sa existence is always being aware of possibility na di

beings. tayo nag e-exist, known as NONBEING or NOTHINGNESS.

- Nag seminary to study philosophy Dasein – implies in existence of people

EXISTENTIALISM (Basic Assumptions)
Nonbeing – implies in death
 Existence precedes essence
DEATH – path to nonbeing (nagiging meaningful ang life natin
 Existence = becoming (behaviors)
kapag natanggap natin na mamamatay tayo someday)
 Essence = being immutable (needs and drives)
Rollo May – mas gumaganda raw yung quality of life kapag
 Mga choices na ginagawa natin araw-araw ay yon ang nag
naiisip niya yung death
sshape sa kung ano tayo.
 We are responsible about our lives / personality (tayo ang So kapag dineny natin yung death, magkakaroon tayo ng anxiety
namimili kung ano ang personality natin) which leads to being defensive. It limits our experience in life.
Yung mga tao na takot sa death ay dinedeny yung self-awareness
BASIC CONCEPTS OF EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY
nila (dimming consciousness) which results to emptiness kasi
Dasein – being-in-the-world (we as a person exists in the world)
limited ang awareness.
Our existence has three modes:
Anxiety is experienced by everyone because we’re existing.
1. UMWELT – mode of being relation to the world / nature
Normal Anxiety – when there’s challenge between three modes ay Destiny – our final destination but our biological properties like
nat-threaten tayo (Ex: nadiscover ng isang tao na hindi siya for our genes, intelligence, talents, weaknesses, and even
architecture but for psychology, so may threat sa eigenwelt niya) CULTURE is part of our destiny (mga di natin pinili)
and that’s normal to worry sa threat or to have anxiety.
This theory explains why people feels empty inside. The more na
Anxiety actually has a benefit kasi if we tried to be better when dinedeny natin, the more na hindi tayo nagiging mulat sa life,
we feel threatened, we are actually improving. nalilimitahan yung time natin to do something.

Anxiety becomes negative when we deny it, known as Neurotic

Anxiety. Imibis na magbago, ipipilit mo. So kapag di na siya
connected sa eigenwelt niya, di na connected somehow sa
dasein.

GUILT – happens when we can’t fulfill our dasein kasi we know

na we can’t reach our full potential kapag ganon. Not bad, can
force us to work on something. Becomes a problem when we
deny it.

Human-beings has choice if we accept it or deny it (death).

Freedom – ability to make a choice of whether we deny, embrace,

or challenge our destiny