UNIT 11.

CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY

A. REVIEW
I. Vocabulary
Words Transcription Meaning Examples
application (n) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ việc áp dụng, The application of new technology
ứng dụng to teaching is very necessary.

attendance (n) /əˈtendəns/ sự tham gia Teachers must keep a record of

students' attendances.
breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r) lao động chính When I was born, my father
(n) trong nhà became the sole breadwinner.
burden (n) / ˈbɜːdn/ gánh nặng I don't want to become a burden to
my children when I'm old.

consequently /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/ vì vậy She failed her exam and was

(adv) consequently unable to start her
studies at college.
content (a) /ˈkɒntent/ hài lòng I had to be content with third
place.
externally (a) /ɪkˈstɜːnəli/ bên ngoài The building is being restored
externally.
facilitate (v) /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ tạo điều kiện, We will facilitate your business.
điều phối
financial (a) /faɪˈnænʃl/ (thuộc về) tài Tokyo and New York are major
chính financial centres.

hands-on (a) / ˌhændz ˈɒn/ thực hànlì, thực Those workers have hands-on
tế, ngay tại chỗ experience of industry.

individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəli có xu hướng cá Dozens of athletes are competing

- oriented (a) ˈɔːrient/ nhân in the two individually-oriented
sports of triathlon and
leave (n) /liːv/ nghỉ phép She asked for leave of absence to
bodybuilding
attend a funeral.
male / meɪl dɒmɪneɪt/ do nam giới áp A male-dominated society is one in
dominated đảo which men have most of the power
(a) and influence.
real-life (a) /ˌriːəl ˈlaɪf/ cuộc sống đời This novel is based on real-life
thực events.
responsive (to) /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/ phản ứng nhanh Firms have to be responsive to the
(a) nhạy consumer demand.

role (n) /rəʊl/ vai trò She refused to take on the

traditional woman's role.
sector (n) /ˈsektə(r)/ mảng, lĩnh vực The country's industrial sector
continues to grow.
sense (of) (n) /sens/ cảm giác, giác He has an acute sense of smell.
quan
sole (a) /səʊl/ độc nhất My sole reason for coming here
was to see you.
tailor (v) / ˈteɪlə(r)/ biến đổi theo nhu Special programmes of study are
cầu tailored to the needs of specific
groups.'
virtual (a) /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ ảo Players create their character and
live a second life in a virtual
vision (n) /ˈvɪʒn/ Tầm nhìn Cats
world.have good night vision.

II. Word infomation

Word Related words Transcription Meaning

application (n) / ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ Sự áp dụng

apply (v) applicant (n) /ˈæplɪkənt/ ứng viên

appliance (n) /əˈplaɪəns/ Dụng cụ

attend (v) attendance (n) / əˈtendəns / Sự có mặt

attendant (a) /əˈtendənt/ Có mặt

attender (n) /əˈtendə(r)/ Người tham dự

attendee (n) /ˌætenˈdiː/ Người tham dự
 unattended (a) /ˌʌnəˈtendɪd/ Vô chủ
facilitation (n) /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃn/ Sự tạo điều kiện
facilitate (v)
facilitator (n) /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtə(r)/ Người trợ giúp

financial (a) /faɪˈnænʃl/ Thuộc tài chính

finance (n)
financier (n) faɪˈnænsiə(r) chuyên gia tài chính

oriented (a) /ˈɔːrient/ định hướng

orient (v) orientate (v) /ˈɔːriənteɪt/ Định hướng

orientation (v) /ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃn/ Sự định hướng

domination (n) /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ Sự thống trị

dominate (v) dominance (n) /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ Ưu thế

dominant (a) /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ Có ưu thế

responsive (a) /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/ Phản ứng nhanh nhạy

respond (v)
respondent (n) /rɪˈspɒndənt/ Bị đơn

visual(a) /ˈvɪʒuəl/ thuộc thị giác

visionary (a) /ˈvɪʒənri/ nhìn xa trông rộng

visible (a) /ˈvɪzəbl/ nhìn thấy được
vision (n)
visibility (n) /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ tính hữu hình

invisible (a) /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/ vô hình

invisibility (n) /ɪnˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ tính vô hình

III. Grammar
1. Non- defining relative clauses

- We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not
necessary information. We don't need it to understand who or what is being referred to.

- We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining
relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold). In writing, we use commas around
non-defining relative clauses.
Example:
My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline. (Sự việc chiếc xe của tôi rất lớn là thông tin bổ
sung và không quan trọng cho phần còn lại của câu)
This is Tom whose brother is my best friend. (Sự việc anh của Tom là bạn thân nhất của tôi là thông
tin bổ sung và không quan trọng cho phần còn lại của câu)
Note:

- Non-defining relative clauses can use most relative pronouns (which, whose etc,) but they CAN'T
use 'that' and the relative pronoun can never be omitted.
Example:
Ms Brown, who(m) you met at our school, is going to get married next month.
David, who(m) everybody suspected, turned out to be innocent.
We stayed at Huong Giang Hotel, which Mary recommended to us.

- The relative pronoun which at the beginning of a non-defining relative clause can refer to all the
information contained in the previous part of the sentence, rather than to just one word..
Example: It rained all night, which was good for the garden. (Which means "the fact that it rained
all night")
2. Future passive
2.1. Changing a sentence into the passive voice
Active sentence S+V+O
Pasive sentence S (O - active) + be + V(pp) + (by + S - active)

To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:

a. Interchange the subject and object.
b. Take the main verb in its past participle form. Do not change the tense of the original sentence,
so add an auxiliary verb.
c. The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past
participle of the main verb.
d. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by.
2.2. The passive voice of future tenses

Tenses Passive structures

Future simple will be + V(pp)
I will tell you when the time comes. You will be told when the time comes.
Future progressive will be being + V(pp)
We will be holding talks at this time Talks will be being held at this time next
next month. month.
 Future perfect will have been + V(pp)
They will have finished this report by This report will have been finished by
Thursday. Thursday.

be going to am/is/are going to be + V(pp)

We are going to buy him a gift. He is going to be bought a gift.

2.3. Note

- Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions.
Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive
structures.
Example: A serious accident happened on a railway bridge on Sunday.

- Subjects such as: I, you. he. she. it, we. they, one, people, some, somebody can be omitted in
passive form
Example:
Someone left this purse in a classroom.
This purse was left in a classroom.

- with is used in place of 'by' to talk about an instrument used by the agent/ subject.
Example:
The room was filled ivith smoke.
This report was written with a fountain pen.

- Adverbs of manner can be used between be and past participle

Example:
My teacher has studied this issue carefully.
This issue has been carefully studied by my teacher.

- Adverbs of places can be used before by + O (agent)

Example:
The police found him in the forest.
He was found in the forest by the police.

- Adverbs of time must be used after by + O (agent)

Example:
Her friend typed the letter this morning.
The letter was typed by her friend this morning.
 B. PRACTICE EXERCISE
I. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others in
each group.
1. A. forum B. final C. responsive D. whiteboard
2. A. drastically B. advantage C. projector D. dependent
3. A. participate B. individual C. relationship D. participant
4. A. demolish B. syllabus C. principal D. masterpiece
5. A. competition B. technology C. theoretical D. university
II.Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. He used to be a _________ who quit 20 years ago. (SMOKE)
2. Scientific advances and other _________ constantly eliminate some jobs and create new ones.
(DEVELOP)
3. You need to find a way to allow your customers to do some _________ to your product so that
they can get what they want. (TAILOR)
4. The meeting went very smoothly because we had a very competent _________ who really
understood the needs of all the people who attended. (FACILITATE)
5. He finds the way to a place easily. He has a very good sense of _________. (DIRECT)
III. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. In our society, men are often expected to be the in a family.
A. burden B. breadwinner C. content D. sector
2. The Taj Mahal, _________is recognized as one of the wonders of the world, was built by an
Indian King in the memory of his beloved wife.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
3. Louis Pasteur, _________ discovered a cure for rabies, was a French scientist.
A. he B. that C. who D. whom
4. Teachers in modern classrooms are _________ because their main task is to set goals and
organise the learning process accordingly.
A. decision-makers B. facilitators
C. facilities D. directions
5. The people about _________ the novelist wrote were factory workers and about their families.
A. who B. whom C. that D. them
6. Some of the boys _________ didn’t come.
A. whom I invited them B. I invited them
 C. I invited D. When I invited
7. Companies have to be _________ to customer demand.
A. responsible B. responsive
C. responding D. responsively
8. The living standards of people in remote areas _________.
A. will raise B. will be raised
C. will be risen D. will arise
9. The system of water pipes has broken. The supply _________.
A. will reduce B. will be reduced
C. will have reduced D. will be reducing
10. We went to many places _________ you find people _________ language was hard to
understand.
A. where - which B. where - whose
C. that - whose D. which – whose
IV. Use the words given in the box to complete the following sentences.

endangered guidance facilitators independent necessarily

theoretically applicants involvement participatation responsive

1. Our school will participate in a big campaign to save _________ species.

2. The role of the modern teacher is to provide _________ to the student.
3. It is good news that all the schools in our city are _________ in to changes the curriculum.
4. Finishing high school at the age of 16 is _________ possible for many students.
5. It is announced that successful _________ will receive notification within the week.
6. A leg injury is preventing Peter from active _________ in the competition.
7. Her children are very _________. They do all the shopping and cooking by themselves.
8. In the future, students will not _________ go to school every day; they can stay at home and
follow the lesson online.
9. The modern mother will decrease her _________ in household work as it will be shared by her
husband.
10. Teachers should act as _________ , enabling their students to study in the way that suits them
best.
V. Read the following passage and choose the option A, B, C or D to complete the following
statements.
Men have played a significant role in American society as the main breadwinner, and protector
of the family. But the traditional role of men has slowly been transferred to women. Society is
changing with women going to college, and gaining jobs. It may even happen in several years' time
when women are given sole earning responsibility in American society as the main breadwinner of
the family. That is due in part to women gained working privileges equal to men in the 1970s.
Up until the 1970s, men were the traditional family breadwinners, while women stayed at
home, raised the kids, made dinner every night, cleaned the house, and ran all of the errands. Men
went to work every day, making enough money to buy a nice home, buy a new car every so often.
Once women were afforded the opportunity to work in the same jobs men once held, men's
more traditional foothold in the workplace was loosened. Women were given bigger jobs with more
responsibility, but women take jobs with major responsibly with less pay than men.
The role of men in American society is changing with more women going to college, and
obtaining careers; men are playing more untraditional roles at home.
Women are still giving birth to the kids, running errands, cleaning, making dinner. Young
children, boys as well as girls, are being raised with dad at home taking care of the kids.
Millions of families are also raising their young with mom and dad sharing all of the
responsibilities. Today's role of men in American society is more of a shared role, with a more
undefined role.
1. The shared role of men nowadays is _________.
A. going to work, and doing housework
B. sharing responsibilities with women at work
C. the same as their traditional role
D. cleaning the house, and raising the kids
2. The traditional role of men was _________.
A. the supporter of women
B. the main breadwinner of the family
C. the foothold in the family
D. raising the children when they were at home
3. The word "foothold" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. achievements at work
B. a strong position at work
C. a hole in a rock to support your feet
D. supporting when climbing
4. Women used to stay at home doing housework because _________.
A. men went to work every day
B. men gained equal working privileges
 C. men brought bread home every day
D. men offered a good life to the whole family
5. At work, women take _________.
A. all the jobs once held by men
B. the job of delivering bread
C. the jobs for college graduates
D. the same job as men but with less pay
VI. Use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb to combine the following pairs of sentences.
1. The river is not safe for swimming. It is polluted.
 __________________________________________________________________________
2. The doctor was very gentle. He examined the sick child.
 __________________________________________________________________________
3. The man is standing over there. I was telling you about him.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. The meeting was interesting. I went to it.
 __________________________________________________________________________
5. We don't like the stories. They don't have happy endings.
 __________________________________________________________________________
VII. Use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb to combine the following pairs of sentences.
1. Neil Armstrong lived in USA. He first walked on the moon.
 __________________________________________________________________________
2. The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt.
 __________________________________________________________________________
3. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I'm longing to see it.
 __________________________________________________________________________
4. We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is in the North West of England.
__________________________________________________________________________ __
5. I’ll stay with Adrian. His brother is one of my closet friends.
 __________________________________________________________________________
VIII. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. Mr. Quang will take the higher scholarship level next term.
 __________________________________________________________________________
2. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
 __________________________________________________________________________
3. The State will assign our students to different jobs.
 __________________________________________________________________________
4. When will you do the work?
 __________________________________________________________________________
5. He won't tell me the truth about the situation.
 __________________________________________________________________________

C. PRACTICE TEST
PART 1. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others in
each group.
A. curriculum B. academic C. developer D. responsible
A. dominate B. appointment C. dramatically D. relation
A. consequently B. externally C. financially D. facilitate
A. economic B. academic C. international D. relationship
A. machine B. pressure C. applicant D. Breadwinner
II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
in each group.
A. hospital B. classroom C. housework D. vision
A. turtle B. curriculum C. burden D. curtain
A. sector B. sense C. responsive D. content
A. permission B. cushion C. discussion D. provision
A. guidance B. female C. evaluation D. facilitator
PART 2. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
11. The threat of terrorism _________ soon.
A. will remove B. will be removed
C. will be finished D. will finish
12. The national debt _________ soon.
A. will pay B. will be paid
C. will pay off D. will be paid off
13. Before the rise of Islam in the early 600s, Arabs lived in a traditional, _________ society; men
regarded women as their property.
A. women-dominated B. female-dominated
 C. man-dominated D. male-dominated
14. The sushi chef had to spend a few minutes _________ one of his orders to fits the dietary needs
of his customers.
A. tailor B. tailored C. tailoring D. to tailor
15. Mr. Nam is the teacher in _________ we have much confidence.
A. whom B. him C. that D. which
16. Albert Einstein, _________ was such a brilliant scientist, introduced the theory of relativity.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
17. Many employers consider _________ experience to be as useful as academic qualifications.
A. toward B. hands-on C. handouts D. virtually
18. Paying tuition fees places a large financial _________ on poor students' families.
A. change B. burden C. trend D. situation
19. We came within sight of Everest, _________ has attracted so many climbers.
A. the summit of which B. which the summit
C. whose summit of D. of which the summit
20. I read about the child _________ life was saved by her pet dog.
A. whom B. who C. her D. whose
21. Although he did his best, he had to be _________ with third place in the competition.
A. content B. pleasant C. pleasing D. satisfying
22. He showed me the house _________ he was born and grew up.
A. which B. in which C. in where D. in that
23. A workshop can give children _________ experience with computers.
A. skilful B. handy C. practising D. hands-on
24. He's still _________ dependent on his parents; he regularly receives money to live from them.
A. finance B. financial C. financially D. financier
25. Some _________ at an actual school, not a virtual one, will be required to help students develop
appropriate social skills.
A. attendant B. attendance C. attention D. attendee
26. The United Nations, _________ was established in 1945, has over 200 members.
A. what B. it C. which D. that
27. The police have to try to catch the men _________ drive dangerously.
A. who B. whom C. they D. which
28. There was a small room into _________ we all crowed.
A. which B. where C. that D. it
29. In order to help students, learn the sense of _________, it's necessary for them to do household
work after school.
A. real-life B. responsibility C. role D. sense
30. If you need to contact your internet service _________, you can find their contact details on
your bills.
A. tailor B. provider C. hands-on D. facilitate
II. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences.
31. She considers it her duty to take care of all her employees. She has a great _________.
(RESPOND)
32. The professor checks _________every day. (ATTEND)
33. The _________ about the weather was incorrect. There was no rain last night. (PREDICT)
34. The players were cheered by their _________ as they came out of the pitch. (SUPPORT)
35. The availability of labour-saving household appliances since 1950 has contributed to the
_________of women in the labour force. (PARTICIPATE)
III. Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences.
36. The man whom remained in the office was the manager.
A. The B. whom C. in D. was
37. This novel, which written by a well-known writer, should be read.
A. which written B. well-known C. should D. be read
38. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class
A. that B. late C. permitted D. to enter
39. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information.
A. the B. only place C. which D. scientific
40. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend.
A. is B. one branch of C. that D. most of
41. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place.
A. the B. when C the revolution D. took place
42. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.
A. that B. teaches me C. is coming D. today
43. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent.
A. The B. in C. last year D. was excellent
44. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire.
A. At last B. found C. which D. were
45. They have told me some information most of whom is very useful.
 A. have told B. some information
C. most of whom D. useful

PART 3. READING
I. Read the following text and use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks.
cooperate inspire process with background
took major leader handle changing
The changes that (46) _________ place in schools have changed the roles of teachers. In the past,
teachers used to be the (47) _________ source of knowledge, the leader and educator of their
students' school life. Nowadays teachers provide information and show their students how to (48)
_________it. Although they are still considered to be a kind of (49) _________ in the class, they
can be thought of as facilitators in the learning (50) _________.
Another difference between the past and present tasks of teachers is represented by the technical
(51) _________ they need to be able to use and handle effectively, such as computer, photocopier,
PowerPoint, projectors etc. Instead of teaching (52) _________chalk, they need to be an information
technology expert.
One of the biggest challenges for teachers is that their role in the school management has also
changed. The school needs them as individuals, who can make decisions and cope with the stress of
the (53) _________ world of schools. At the same time teachers need to be able to work in teams,
and (54) _________ with colleagues and parents. A teacher has not only to instruct but also to (55)
_________ the students with confidence and determination.
II. Read the following passage and complete the statements by choosing the option A, B, C or
D.
Do you ever think about what schools will be like in the future? Many people think that
students will study most regular classes such as Maths, science and history online.
Students will probably be able to study these subjects anywhere using a computer. What will
happen if students have problem with a subject? They might connect with a teacher through live
videoconferencing. Expert teachers from learning centres will give students help wherever they live.
Students will still take classes in a school, too. Schools will become places for learning social
skills. Teacher will guide students in learning how to work together in getting along with each other.
They will help students with group projects both in and out of the classroom.
Volunteer work and working at local businesses will teach students important life skills about
the world, they live in. This will help students become an important part of their communities.
 Some experts say it will take five years for changes to begin in schools. Some say it will take
longer. Most people agree, though, that computers will change education the way TVs and
telephones changed life for people all over the world years before.
56. Students will learn important life skills through _________.
A. working in international businesses
B. doing volunteer work
C. going to school every day
D. taking online classes
57. Students will still go to school to _________.
A. play with their friends C. learn social skills
B. learn all subjects D. use computers
58. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. All classes will be taught online in the future.
B. Kids won't have to go to school in the future.
C. Computers will change education in the future.
D. Teachers will help students from home in the future.
59. What will happen if students meet difficulties with a subject?
A. They will telephone the teachers who are staying at the school to seek their help.
B. Schools will organise a live videoconference for teachers to help students with problems.
C. Teachers from learning centres will give them help through live videoconferencing.
D. They will meet their teachers in person for help with problems with the subject.
60. The key role of teachers in the future will be _________.
A. helping students with group projects
B. organising live videoconferences
C. providing students with knowledge
D. guiding students to learn computers
III. Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each numbered blank.
When many people think of women in Asian culture, they think of a male dominated society
where women don't have as many rights as their male counterparts. However, the Filipino are
different. Filipino women have always enjoyed greater (61) _________than women in other nations
in Southeast Asia.
For starters, Filipino women today serve as heads in the family arrangement, handing the
money, acting (62) _________ religious mentors and even arranging marriages for their sons and
daughters. This is a sharp (63) _________ to women being subjugated to their husbands.
 This does not mean that they have equality everywhere. In the workplace, Filipino women are
paid less and are often hired for lower positions even if they are qualified to earn more money. On
the home front, women carry a heavy (64) _________in the homes in order to support them
financially while men keep their money and are not (65) _________ to the family.
61. A. balance B. equality C. practice D. progress
62. A. like B. similar C. as D. same
63. A. compare B. considerate C. contact D. contrast
64. A. responsibility B. burden C.task D. job
65. A. obligated B. banned C. allowed D. release

PART 4. WRITING
I. Choose the sentence that is correctly combined from the given sentences.
66. He told her about the book. He liked it best.
A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
B. He told her about the book which he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
67. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory.
68. This is my opinion. You can do nothing to change it.
A. You can do nothing to change it my mind.
B. There's nothing you can do to change my mind.
C. There's nothing can be done except changing my mind.
D. You can do everything to change it my mind.
69. The man is a secretary. You have just spoken to him.
A. The man which you have just spoken is a secretary.
B. The man whose you have just spoken is a secretary.
C. The man to whom you have just spoken is a secretary.
D. The man to who you have just spoken is a secretary.
70. A man stole my motorbike. The police have caught him.
A. The police have caught the man who stole my motorbike.
 B. The police have caught the man whose stole my motorbike.
C. The police have caught the man whom stole my motorbike.
D. The police have caught the man which stole my motorbike.
II.Use relative pronouns to combine each pairs of the following sentences.
71. Alice is my friend. Alice's mother died last year.
 __________________________________________________________________________
72. The boy will be punished. He threw that stone.
 __________________________________________________________________________
73. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.
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74. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
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75. The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.
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III. Use the given words to write the complete sentences.
76. She/ give me/ nook/ which/ be/ black school bag.
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77. Stratford-on-Avon/ which/ many people/ know/ be/ Shakespeare's birthplace.
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78. There/ be/ 10 boys/ room/ a few/ whom/ be/ my friends.
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79. He/ pick up/ handful/ stone/ one/ which/ be/ sharp.
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80. Michael/ do/ really well/ exam/ which/ be/ quite/ nice surprise.
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